Western multiplex Tsunami Multipoint Manual

WESTERN MULTIPLEX CORPORATION
Installation and Maintenance Manual
Multipoint
MAN 40000-001d1

TSUNAMI MULTIPOINT
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Revisions:
September 2001 Draft
October FCC submittal

WESTERN MULTIPLEX CORPORATION
Tsunami Point-to-Multipoint
2001
Western Multiplex Corporation
1196 Borregas Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone]
http://www.wmux.com
ftp://ftp.wmux.com/products/

ii
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................1-1
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS.........................................................................................................................1-2
KEY FEATURES....................................................................................................................................1-3
HOW TOUSETHISMANUAL.......................................................................................................................1-3
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS...............................................................................................................................1-4
2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................2-1
SITE PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS...............................................................................................................2-2
General Considerations..........................................................................................................................2-2
Weather................................................................................................................................................2-3
Antennas...............................................................................................................................................2-5
PathPlanning........................................................................................................................................2-6
WIRELESS: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS................................................ERROR!BOOKMARKNOTDEFINED.
3. QUICKSET-UP PROCEDURE........................................................................................................3-1
Important Configuration Notes................................................................................................................3-1
Unpacking the System.............................................................................................................................3-1
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION..........................................................................................................................3-4
HUB SITE EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION(BSU).............................................................................................3-5
SUBSCRIBER UNIT CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................3-8
Mechanical Considerations –Mounting Units...........................................................................................3-9
4. SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................4-11
SYSTEM..............................................................................................................................................4-11
STANDARDS COMPL LANCE AND INTERFACES................................................................................4-12
CONFIGURATION AND MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................4-12
POWER /ENVIRONMENT /SAFETY......................................................................................................4-12
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ....................................................................................................................4-13
MOUNTING (INSTALLATION).............................................................................................................4-13

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Figures
FIGURE 1-1-1:PROPER EARTHING/GROUNDING................................................................................................1-5
FIGURE 2-2-1: EACH HUBIS MADE UP OF ONE TO SIX BASE STATIONS AND MULTIPLE REMOTES(SUS)...................2-1
FIGURE 3-3-1: SUBSCRIBER UNIT....................................................................................................................3-3
FIGURE 3-2 SUBSCRIBER ODU...................................................................................................................3-9
FIGURE 3-3: BASE STATION ODU.................................................................................................................3-10

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1. Introduction
sunami Multipoint is a point-to-multipoint outdoor wireless system offering a
high-capacity alternative to wired data networks. Using IP packet radio
transmitters, standard Ethernet interfaces, and an easy to-deploy design, the
Tsunami Multipoint system enables high-speed network connections to
multiple Ethernet switches, routers or PCs from a single location. With Tsunami
Multipoint, you can now avoid the delays and costs associated with wired connections
such as DSL, cable modems, and leased T I /E I lines. Tsunami Multipoint eliminates
wire/fiber installation costs and recurring monthly fees -delivering carrier-class
performance at an affordable price.
Tsunami Multipoint systems consist of one or more Subscriber Units that
communicate with a Base Station to provide high-performance wireless network
connections.
EXTEND OR ENHANCE YOUR NETWORK OVERNIGHT
With Tsunami Multipoint, there are no DSL, cable, or leased-line hassles to negotiate.
You no longer have to worry about man-made barriers to overcome. Easy installation
and operation allow network planners to quickly deploy up to 60 Mbps capacity
between locations, making it the ideal solution for:
§Establishing high-speed connections between Internet Service Providers and their
customers
§Organizations requiring high-capacity WAN connectivity between multiple buildings or
campuses
§Organizations or service providers seeking network redundancy for mission critical wired
connections
Chapter
1
T

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ABOUT THE TSUNAMI PRODUCT FAMILY
The Tsunami family of Ethernet bridges provides wireless solutions that meet the
growing demand for transparent and reliable high-speed network interconnectivity.
In addition to Tsunami Multipoint for point-to-multipoint connections, the Tsunami
product line includes the following point-to-point offerings:
Tsunami 1OBaseT, a cost-effective, high-capacity alternative to multiple wireline T1
connections.
Tsunami 10OBaseT/F, a cost-effective, high-capacity alternative to wireline DS3
connections.
Tsunami 100OBaseSX, the world's first Ethernet bridge to provide gigabit, wireless
connectivity for native IP connections.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
UP TO 360 MBPS PER HUB SITE
§Speeds from 20 Mbps to 60 Mbps Time Division Duplex (TDD) per Base Station for
optimal network efficiency
§Configurable upstream/downstream bandwidth to optimize desired throughput
§Six Base Stations provide 360 degree coverage, delivering up to 360 Mbps per hub site
FAST AND EASY TO DEPLOY & MANAGE
§Subscriber Unit simplicity enables self installation to minimize deployment costs
§Audible beeper alignment eases installation
§Subscriber Unit with integrated antenna connects to indoor power & networks using a
single CAT5 cable
§"Over the air" software upgrades minimize subscriber unit maintenance costs

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RAPID RETURN ON INVESTMENT
§Rapid, easy deployment enables quick service activation, reduced costs and faster payback
§High-capacity connection enables faster network traffic to deliver new service offerings
PURE ETHERNET CONNECTIVITY
§Operates in either Ethernet bridging or IP routing modes with direct connections to PCs,
Fast Ethernet switches & routers
§Support for VLAN tagging
KEY FEATURES
§Flexible throughput rates: 20, 30, 40, & 60 Mbps TDD
§5.8 GHz license-exempt frequency band
§Compliant with industry standards
§Base Station provides 60 degree antenna -six Base Stations cover 360 degrees
§Network management through SNMP & Java-based "Wireless Manager" software
§Point-to-multi point communications from less than 1 mile/kilometer to more than 8
miles/ 13 kilometers
How to Use This Manual
The “icon key” at left will be used to “highlight” specific text
to call particular attention to it. Where specific emphasis needs
to be placed, these icons will direct you to other information or
particular areas where additional information can be found.
ICON KEY
i Information
[ Suggestion
NCaution
FNote
@Write this down

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Safety Instructions
IMPORTANT
This product has been evaluated to the U.S. and Canadian (Bi-National) Standard for
Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business
Equipment, CAN/CSA C22.2, No. 950-95 *UL 1950, Third Edition, including
revisions through revision date March 1, 1998, which are based on the Fourth
Amendment to IEC950, Second Edition. In addition, this product was also evaluated
to the applicable requirements in UL 1950, Annex NAE.
WARNING -This unit is intended for installation in a Restricted Access location in
accordance with Articles 110-18, 110-26, and 110-27 of the United States National
Electric Code ANSI/NFPA 70.
This equipment should be installed in accordance with Article 810 of the United States
National Electrical Code.
When installed, this equipment is intended to be connected to a Lightning/Surge
Protection Device that meets all applicable national Safety requirements.
Equipment is to be used and powered by the type of power source indicated on the
marking label only.
This product is intended to be connected to an AC power source which must be
electrically isolated from any ac sources and reliably earthed. Only an AC power
source that complies with the requirements in the Standard for the Safety of
Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment,
CAN/CSA C22.2, No. 950-95 *UL 1950, Third Edition, can be used with this
product. A 15-Amp circuit breaker is required at the power source. In addition, an
easily accessible disconnect device should be incorporated into the facility wiring.
Always use copper conductors only for all power connections.
WARNING -This equipment is intended to be earthed. If you are not using the
power supply provided by Western Multiplex, you will need to connect the earthing
conductor of your power source to the earthing terminal located on the back of the
unit; or, connect an earthing conductor between the unit’s earthing terminal and your
earthing point. See Ill. for instructions. For safe operation, always ensure that the unit
is earthed properly as described in this manual and per Figure 1-1.
Do not connect or disconnect the power cable to the equipment when the other end
of the cable is connected to the dc power supply.

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Figure 1-1-1: Proper Earthing/Grounding
Servicing of this product should be performed by trained personnel only. Do not
disassemble this product. By opening or removing any covers you may expose
yourself to hazardous energy parts. Incorrect re-assembly of this product can cause a
malfunction, and/or electrical shock when the unit is subsequently used.
Do not insert any objects of any shape or size inside this product while powered.
Objects may contact hazardous energy parts that could result in a risk of fire or
personal injury.
NOTE:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
•Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
•Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

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CAUTION
The outdoor units of the Tsunami Multipoint products must be fixed mounted on
permanent structures with a separation distance of at least 1.5 meters from all
persons during normal operation.
CAUTION:
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment

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2. System Overview
A system is made up of one to six Base Stations that make up a Hub (or cell) with
each Base Station communicating with their associated SUs (Subscriber Units).
Together, they provide a wide coverage, high-capacity system that transfers IP traffic
between the Hub and its multiple SUs. Each Hub has the ability to communicate in all
directions using up to six sectors of 60 degrees each. Each of the Hub’s six sectors has
the capability of communicating 20, 30, 40 or 60 Mbps in total bandwidth allowing a
maximum of 360 Mbps per Hub.
Figure 2-2-1: Each HUB is made up of one to six Base Stations and multiple
remotes(SUs)
Uplink and Downlink, each SU communicates with it Hub in a coordinated manner so that
all other remotes within its Hub’s jurisdiction. All SUs are very quickly handled on a case by
case basis giving the user at the SU that they are in constant communication with its Hub’s
Sector.
.
Chapter
2

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Site Planning Considerations
The installation of a wireless network requires much the same basic planning as any
wired network. The main difference is that the wireless signal requires some additional
planning. This planning includes RF path planning, site preparation, and installation of
outdoor components such as outdoor units, antennas, lightning protection devices,
and cabling suitable for outdoor conditions.
Although the technology implemented in this broadband fixed wireless system can
make use of multipath signals, reducing the effect of obstructions in the path, it is
important that the characteristics of the path be carefully examined. With this
knowledge, components and network requirements can be correctly planned for your
specific application.
This chapter provides insight into the planning necessary to prepare your site for your
broadband fixed wireless system.
General Considerations
A basic consideration is the physical location of the sites at each end of the link.
Because microwave signals travel in a straight line, a clear line of sight between
antennas is ideal. Frequently, however, the locations of the desired links are fixed.
When a clear line of sight cannot be achieved, you must plan accordingly.
Other general site considerations include:
a. Will a tower have to be constructed? Are permits required?
b. Possibility of future obstructions-Will trees grow high enough to interfere
with the signal? Are there plans to erect buildings between the sites that may
obstruct the path?
c. Availability of grounding-Good grounding is important in all areas of the
world, but in areas prone to lightning, it is especially critical.
d. Availability of power-Are redundant power systems available if the area is
prone to outages?
The planning of a wireless link involves collecting information and making decisions.
The following sections will help you determine which information is critical to the site
and will be an aid in the decision-making process.

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Weather
It is important to research any unusual weather conditions that are common to the site
location. These conditions can include excessive amounts of rain, wind velocity or
extreme temperature ranges. If extreme conditions exist that may affect the integrity of
the radio link, it is recommended that these conditions be taken into consideration
early in the planning process.
RAIN
Except in extreme conditions, attenuation (weakening of the signal) due to rain does
not require serious consideration for frequencies up to the range of 6 or 8 GHz. When
microwave frequencies are at 10 or 12 GHz or above, attenuation due to rain becomes
much more of a concern, especially in areas where rainfall is of high density and long
duration. The systems discussed in this manual operate at frequencies below 6 GHz,
so rain is not a concern.
Temperature can adversely affect the radio link when such as temperature inversion,
or very still air accompanied by stratification. Temperature inversion can negate
clearances, and still air along with stratification can cause severe refractive or reflective
conditions, with unpredictable results. Temperature inversions and stratification can
also cause ducting, which may increase the potential for interference between systems
that do not normally interfere with each other. Where these conditions exist, it is
recommended that shorter paths and adequate clearances are used.
WIND
Any system components mounted outdoors will be subject to the effect of wind. It is
important to know the direction and velocity of the wind common to the site.
Antennas and their supporting structures must be able to prevent these forces from
affecting the antenna or causing damage to the building or tower on which the
components are mounted. Antenna designs react differently to wind forces, depending
on the area presented to the wind. This is known as wind loading.
Note For definitions of wind loading specifications for antennas and towers, refer
to TIA/EIA-195 (for antennas) or TIA/EIA-222 (for towers) specifications.
LIGHTNING
The potential for lightning damage to radio equipment should always be considered
when planning a wireless link. A variety oflightning protection and grounding devices
are available for use on buildings, towers, antennas, cables, and equipment, whether
located inside or outside the site, that could be damaged by a lightning strike.
Lightning protection requirements are based on the exposure at the site, the cost of
link down-time, and local building and electrical codes. If the link is critical, and the

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site is in an active lightning area, attention to thorough lightning protection and
grounding is critical.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
To provide effective lightning protection, install antennas in locations that are unlikely
to receive direct lightning strikes, or install lightning rods to protect antennas from
direct strikes. Make sure that cables and equipment are properly grounded to provide
low-impedance paths for lightning currents. Install surge suppressors on adjacent
telephone lines and power lines.
Recommended is lightning protection for cables leading to the wireless ODU to/from
the power brick. The lightning protection should be placed at points close to where
the cable passes through the bulkhead into the building, as well as near the ODU.
CAT5 CABLE
When the entire control cable, from the building entrance to the ODU, is encased in
steel conduit, no surge arrestors are required. Otherwise, each control cable requires
one surge arrestor within two feet of the building entrance.
Note For installations with several radios, it may be more convenient to use a Type-
66 punch block with surge arrestors. A Type-66 punch block can accommodate up to
25 conductor pairs.
INTERFERENCE
An important part of planning your broadband fixed wireless system is the avoidance
of interference. Interference can be caused by effects within the system or outside the
system. Good planning for frequencies and antennas can overcome most interference
challenges.
Co-Channel and Adjacent Channel Interference
Co-channel interference results when another RF link is using the same channel
frequency. Adjacent-channel interference results when another RF link is using an
adjacent channel frequency. In selecting a site, a spectrum analyzer can be used to
determine if any strong signals are present at the site and, if they are, to determine how
close they are to the desired frequency. The further away from your proposed
frequency, the less likely they are to cause a problem. Antenna placement and
polarization, as well as the use of the built-in high-gain, low-sidelobe antennas, is the
most effective method of reducing this type of interference.

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Antennas
Antennas frequently play a key role in reducing the potential for interference. They
come in a variety of configurations that have different performance characteristics in
the areas of gain and directionality. Antennas that transmit/receive in all directions are
known as omni-directional, while those that transmit/receive in one specific direction
are categorized as directional. Antennas also vary in beamwidth, which is the aperture
to which they can “see” signals. Larger antennas typically provide narrower
beamwidths and can diminish interference from nearby transmitters by:
• Focusing RF energy from the intended destination
• Reducing the power of interfering sources not directly aligned to the antenna
Antennas: the narrower, the better
Tsunami Multipoint Ethernet Systems use integrated directional antennas that
transmit and receive a relatively narrow beamwidth of radio energy, improving system
performance by reducing the likelihood that surrounding RF clutter will interfere with
reception. The antennas with this system are directional and can not be detached.
Base Stations Subscriber Units
Type: Flat-panel antenna Flat-panel antenna
Beamwidth: 60-degree 10-degree
Elevation: 6-degree 10-degree
Even when other licensees are not an issue, if you are using a network deployment
using the "cell" approach, all these considerations are still important to reduce
interference between your own adjacent installations. Antennas are tuned to operate
on a specific group of frequencies. Tsunami Multipoint offers a variety of channel
plans that provide a flexible tool for overcoming present and future interference. Four
non-overlapping 20 MHz channels (six total directional channels) can be used to avoid
existing traffic in the 5.8 GHz frequency band. If one part of the 5.8 GHz spectrum is
occupied when Tsunami Multipoint is initially deployed, another frequency channel
can be selected to bypass the interfering signal. If interference arises after deployment,
another frequency channel plan can be selected to “steer around” the impacted
channel. Beamwidth and gain have been optimized in this equipment.
ANTENNA POLARIZATION
The Tsunami Multipoint system uses left-hand circular polarization. As a result, the
signal is successfully received regardless of the orientation of the antenna. Circular
polarization also provides protection against multipath degradation of the signal
quality.

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TOWERS
When planning antenna placement, it might be necessary to build a free-standing
tower for the antenna. Regulations and limitations define the height and location of
these towers with respect to airports, runways, and airplane approach paths. These
regulations are controlled by the FAA. In some circumstances, the tower installations
must be approved by the FAA, registered with the FCC, or both.
To ensure compliance, review the current FCC regulations regarding antenna
structures. These regulations (along with examples) are on the FCC web site at
wwwfcc.gov/wtb/antenna/.
Path Planning
To get the most value from a wireless system, path planning is essential. In addition to
the fact that radio signals dissipate as they travel, many other factors operate on a
microwave signal as it moves through space. All of these must be taken into account,
because any obstructions in the path will attenuate the signal.
CALCULATING A LINK BUDGET
A link budget is a rough calculation of all known elements of the link to determine if
the signal will have the proper strength when it reaches the other end of the link. To
make this calculation, the following information should be available:
The minimum antenna height at each end of the link for paths longer than seven miles
(for smooth terrain without obstructions) is the height of the First Fresnel Zone plus
the additional height required to clear the earth bulge.
A signal degrades as it moves through space. The longer the path, the more loss it
experiences. This free-space path loss is a factor in calculating the link viability. Free-
space path loss is easily calculated for miles or kilometers.
Availability represents the quality of a link. It is the ratio of the time that the link is
available to the total time. This serves as a guide to the service that you can expect, on
average, over a period of one year. Table 2-2 shows how percentage availability relates
to outage time per year.
Note: use the path planning tools located on the WMUX web site: www.wmux.com
Note You can lower the bit error rate (BER), resulting in greater reliability, by
reducing the data throughput or reducing the distance.
Unlicensed Frequencies-U-NII
The FCC has identified the frequencies from 5.725 to 5.825 GHz as Unlicensed
National Information Infrastructure (U-NII). This band can be used by anyone

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without having to obtain a license. However, you must use radio equipment that is
"type approved" by the FCC or local government for use within the specific band.

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3. Quick Set-up Procedure
Please read this section completely before attempting to install any software, test or
operate this system.
Permanent damage to the equipment can result if directions are not followed
exactly as provided.
This system is very sensitive to power supply operation and, if not powered up
in the proper order, permanent damage may occur. Please read the power up
sequence before applying power. Also, provide only the power specified in this
document (voltage and frequency).
Important Configuration Notes
These Subscriber Unit (SU) devices do not require any user interface. After
configuring the Hub unit (called Base Station (BS) in this document elsewhere), the
CPE devices will automatically negotiate with the Hub if sufficient signal strength is
received in both directions to establish communications.
The Ethernet Console program is not ultimately intended to be a user’s interface.
However, this program does provide configuration controls for this particular system.
The syntax of the data entry must be followed exactly as shown. When a string of
characters is shown in this document with quotation marks around it (such as “ip”),
do not type the quotation marks. When the letter “x” is shown within the quotation
marks, this represents a number that the operator will select based on other factors.
When the word (enter) is shown, this indicates pressing of the Enter (or Return) key
on your keyboard. Wherever there are spaces shown in the syntax of a command,
include these spaces. Commands are case sensitive.
Unpacking the System
Pay close attention to how units are packed before unpacking.
Chapter
3

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SEE PHOTOS ON THE NEXT PAGE FOR CLARIFICATION
For the case with the Base Station Unit (BSU), unpacking should be in the following
steps:
a. Remove power supply unit
b. Remove loose cables and small mounting hardware in the bracket area
c. Remove the top layer of foam being careful not to rip
d. Remove large mounting bracket
e. Remove BSU unit
For the Subscriber Units (SU), unpacking should be in the following steps:
a. Remove power supply units
b. Remove small metal brackets
c. Remove all cables and small hardware
d. Remove SU