Xircom Redhawk II User manual

© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
Formerly Omnipoint Technologies, Inc.
Redhawk™ II
GSM Wireless Terminal
Users Guide

Redhawk II GSM Modem Users Guide Draft: 10/30/00 2
Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Important Safety Information
Some of the following information may not apply to all devices described in this
manual. However, precautions should be observed when handling any electrical
device.
!Save this manual, it contains important safety information and operating
instructions.
!Do not expose the Redhawk II product to open flames.
!Care should be taken so that liquids do not spill into the devices.
!A qualified electrician should perform all primary connections to AC power.
!Do not attempt to disassemble the product. Doing so will void the warranty. With
the exception of Subscriber Identification Modules (SIM), this product does not
contain consumer serviceable components.
Guidelines for Limiting RF Exposure
The Redhawk II products are GSM radio transceivers, which operate under the
authority of 47 CFR Part 24, Subpart E of the FCC Rules and Regulations. When
installed and operated in accordance with the instructions provided in this manual,
these devices comply with current FCC regulations regarding human exposure to
radio frequency - electromagnetic fields.
The following installation and operation restrictions apply to all Redhawk II products:
!These devices may only be used in fixed and mobile applications
!Portable applications, as defined by the FCC, are prohibited
!A separation distance of at least 20 cm (7 7/8) inches between the antenna and
body of the user and other persons must be maintained at all times
!In FIXED applications antenna gain* is limited to a maximum of 7 dBi, with a
corresponding equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 37 dBm / 5 W
!In MOBILE applications antenna gain* is limited to a maximum of 3 dBi, with a
corresponding equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 33 dBm / 3 W
!Desktop and other uses of these devices where the antenna can easily be relocated
are considered by the FCC to be mobile applications.
* Antenna gain is defined as gain in dBi (dB referenced to an isotropic radiator) minus cabling loss.
NOTE: Additional care must be taken by the installer and/or user of the
Redhawk IITM products to ensure proper antenna selection and installation.
Adherence to the above conditions is necessary to comply with FCC
requirements for safe operation regarding exposure to RF radiation.

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
Disclaimer
The information and instructions contained within this publication comply with
all FCC, NRLT, IMEI and other applicable codes in effect at the time of
publication. Xircom, Inc. disclaims all responsibility for any act, or breach of
law, code or regulation, including local or state codes, performed by a third
party.
Xircom strongly recommends that all installations, hookups, transmissions, etc.
be performed by persons who are experienced in the fields of radio frequency
technologies. Xircom acknowledges that the installation, setup and
transmission guidelines contained within this publication are guidelines, and
that each installation may have variables outside of the guidelines contained
herein. Said variables must be taken into consideration when installing or using
the product, and Xircom, Inc. shall not be responsible for installations or
transmissions that fall outside of the parameters set forth in this publication.
Xircom shall not be liable for consequential or incidental damages, injury to any
person or property, anticipated or lost profits, loss of time, or other losses
incurred by Customer or any third party in connection with the installation of
the Products or Customer's failure to comply with the information and
instructions contained herein.
Beta Release Notes
Data Services
The current software release does not support transparent circuit switched data or
Group 3 Fax. These services will be added in subsequent versions.
AT Commands
The current software version does not support all AT commands listed in this
document. Please reference the attached Errata sheet for a list of the non-
functioning AT commands. These commands will be added in future software
versions.
PUK Procedure
The PUK procedure outlined in this document will be changing.

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Xircom, Inc. of 2300 Corporate Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 declares
that the Xircom Redhawk™ II GSM Radio Module, model 2110-1300 (900/1800) is
in conformance with all relevant essential requirements of the European Council
Directives listed below:
1999/5/EC Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive
(Following Annex III of this Directive)
89/336/EEC EMC Directive with Amendment 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC
72/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive with Amendment 93/68/EEC
This declaration is made based upon compliance to the following standards:
EN 60950 (1992 w/ A1, 2, 3, 4) Safety of Information Technology Equipment,
Including Electrical Business Equipment
ETS 300 342-1 Edition 2 (June 1997) Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) for
European digital cellular telecommunications
system (GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz).
Part 1: Mobile and portable radio and ancillary
equipment.
TBR 19 Edition 3 (October 1996) European digital cellular telecommunications
system (Phase 2); Attachment requirements for
global system for mobile communications (GSM)
mobile stations; Access
TBR 31 Edition 2 (March 1998) Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2); Attachment requirements for mobile
stations in the DCS 1800 band and additional
GSM 900 band; Access
Xircom further declares that all essential radio test suites have been carried out.
This declaration is made under our sole responsibility.
Authorized Signature: _________________________________ Date:
__________________
R.W. Bass
Vice President, Operations
Xircom Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Veldkant 31
2550 Kontich, Belgium

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REDHAWK™ II GSM WIRELESS TERMINAL .................................................... 1
USERS GUIDE.............................................................................................. 1
Safety Precautions......................................................................................... 2
Important Safety Information....................................................................... 2
Guidelines for Limiting RF Exposure .............................................................. 2
Disclaimer................................................................................................. 3
Beta Release Notes .................................................................................... 3
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY..................................................................... 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... 5
Product Overview .......................................................................................... 7
Model Variation ......................................................................................... 7
General Description.................................................................................... 8
Summary of the Features for the Redhawk II Modem....................................... 9
Front Panel ............................................................................................. 10
GSM Overview........................................................................................ 14
Redhawk II Programming Manual................................................................ 15
Backward Compatibility ............................................................................ 15
Modes of Operation.................................................................................. 15
Provisioning the SIM..................................................................................... 19
GSM Services Supported by the Redhawk II Modem...................................... 19
Selecting the Modes of Operation............................................................... 19
Antenna Selection........................................................................................ 20
Connector............................................................................................... 20
Antenna Selection.................................................................................... 20
Antenna Selection: Performance Guidelines.................................................. 20
Modem Antenna Location and Network Communication................................. 21
Installation & Initialization ............................................................................. 23
Guidelines for Limiting RF Exposure ............................................................ 23
Installation and Verification ....................................................................... 23
SMS Message Verification......................................................................... 30
Final Verification...................................................................................... 34
Detailed Specifications.................................................................................. 35
Physical Dimensions and Weight ................................................................ 35
Operating Power...................................................................................... 35
Care and Maintenance .............................................................................. 36
Environmental Specifications ......................................................................... 37

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
Climatic, Operational ................................................................................ 37
Repair and return Policy................................................................................ 39
regulations and Compliance........................................................................... 40
GSM Full Type Approval (FTA)................................................................... 40
FCC notices ............................................................................................ 40
CLASS A................................................................................................ 40
CLASS B ................................................................................................ 41
Human Exposure Compliance..................................................................... 41
NRTL / IMEI Approval ............................................................................... 42
EMC/Safety Requirements for the Countries of the European Union (EU) .......... 42
EMC/Safety Requirements for Other Countries.............................................. 43
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Safety Requirements ....................... 43
Glossary And Acronyms................................................................................ 45
Appendix A................................................................................................. 48
Installing the Remote Antenna ................................................................... 48
Contacting XIRCOM..................................................................................... 54

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The Redhawk II Modem is built around the Eagle II™ Data Terminal, a compact,
wireless modem that utilizes the international standard Global System for Mobile
communications (GSM). The data terminal enables low-cost, application-specific,
two-way communication and control. It takes full advantage of GSM capabilities
such as Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM), which are "smart cards" that provides
numerous advantages.
Over-the-air communication lets the Redhawk II terminal accomplish tasks that
previously required on-site visits and offers innovative new service capabilities never
before available. In addition, terminal authentication and data encryption ensures a
more confidential communication link between the terminal user and the data
recipient.
Figure 1: Redhawk II Modem
Model Variation
Redhawk II modems are available in two configurations:
!Redhawk II: This modem is GSM only and supports Short message service (SMS),
unstructured supplementary service data (USSD), voice, and circuit switched data
(transparent and non-transparent mode) up to 9.6 Kbps.
!900 MHz & 1800 MHz: Part # 2110-1300
!900 MHz & 1900 MHz: Part # 2110-1500
!Redhawk IIG: This modem has the same GSM functionality as the Redhawk II with
the addition that it is GPRS hardware ready. It provides GPRS packet data up to and
including Class 10, in addition to Short message service (SMS), unstructured

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
supplementary service data (USSD), voice, and circuit switched data (transparent
and non-transparent mode) up to 9.6 Kbps.
!900 MHz & 1800 MHz: Part # 2210-1300
!900 MHz & 1900 MHz: Part # 2210-1500
General Description
The Redhawk II contains the Eagle II radio data module and a Carrier Board assembly
in a aluminum housing. The Eagle II radio module provides the GSM over the air
radio link and modem command functions. More detailed information on the Eagle II
can be found in the Eagle II Technical Manual (part # 07100017). The Carrier Board
provides DC to DC conversion and standard interface connections with drivers for
two serial interfaces, a voice interface, and DC power.
Figure 2: Redhawk II Modem Breakout
The modem operates under a wide range of DC input power. (+5V to +28V)
Communication is through an RS-232 physical interface, using the GSM - AT
command set. Other unique AT commands are also available, providing the
opportunity to monitor and report network conditions that may be relevant to the
management of multiple deployed terminals. See the Programmers Manual for details
on these unique commands.
Eagle II Terminal
Carrier Board

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
Summary of the Features for the Redhawk II Modem
Primary serial port V.24 protocol, 3 V (5 V tolerant) levels
Secondary serial port Secondary 3 V serial port (Any functions other than SMS
messaging requires the development of custom applications)
Voice Supports three vocoder modes: half-rate, full-rate, and enhanced
full-rate (EFR)
Antenna Female SMA
Command protocol AT command set
Interface
Subscriber Identification Module
(SIM) 3 V mini-SIM carrier and interface on board
Electrical power Fixed DC voltage
Power Peak currents and average power
dissipation Refer to the Operating Power table in the Technical Specifications section for peak currents and average power
dissipation for various modes of operation.
Frequency bands GSM 900, DCS 1800, and PCS 1900 capability, depending on
the product.
Radio Features
GSM features supported Provides for all GSM authentication, encryption, and frequency
hopping algorithms.
Regulatory Agency approvals "GSM Type Approval
"FCC Certification (Part 24)
"CE (European Community Certification)
"IC (Industry Canada) available
GSM
Functionality
"Mobile-originated and mobile-terminated SMS messages: up to 140 bytes or up to 160 GSM 7-
bit ASCII characters. Up to 255 messages may be concatenated.
"Reception of Cell Broadcast Message
"SMS Receipt acknowledgement
"Circuit Switched Data (Transparent & Non-transparent fixed at 9.6 Kbps
"Voice
"Group 3 Fax
"Supports GSM Phase 2+
"Supports Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)
Not all GSM operators support USSD. For more information, contact Customer Support for the
GSM operator.
Redhawk IIG hardware is capable of supporting General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) when
configured with optional memory. (GPRS Class B, Multislot Class 10 software will be available at a
later date.)
SIM 3 V Mini-Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) carrier and interface on board
International
Mobile Equipment
Identity (IMEI)
The IMEI allows defective or stolen equipment to be barred from using the GSM network.
The IMEI number is unique to each Redhawk II modem. It reveals the manufacturer, the country of
production, and the type approval facility. When the Redhawk II modem is powered on and tries to
register with the GSM network, the network provider checks the IMEI. If the IMEI is valid and has
not been barred, the Redhawk II modem is allowed to register with the network.
Table 1: Summary of Features

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
Front Panel
Figure 3: Redhawk II Front Panel
Antenna Connector (ANT)
The Redhawk II modem is designed to support interchangeable antenna types,
provided that each antenna has 50-ohm impedance and has been tuned to the
frequency band intended. It comes standard with a female SMA-type connector.
DC Power (PWR)
The Redhawk II modem requires an input voltage of 5.0 VDC to 28.0 VDC. The
input source voltage ripple should be less than 20% of the average supply voltage
peak-to-peak under normal operating conditions.
The power cable mating connector is a Molex part #43025-0200 (shell) and
#43030-0009 (bag of pins) or #43030-0003 (reel of pins).
Figure 4: Input Power Connector
PWR
-V (GND)
+V (VIN)
STATUS MIC/SPKRCTLPWR
SERIAL 1
ANT SIM

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Pin
Number Signal Name Direction Functionality
1VIN From CPE Electrical power input to Redhawk II modem:
5.0 VDC to 28.0 VDC
2GND From CPE Electrical power return for digital and analog
grounds.
Table 2: Power Connector Pin Out
Primary Serial Interface (SERIAL 1)
This serial I/O interface (RS-232) uses a DB-9 connector and supports auto baud capability from
300 bps to 19200 bps with hardware handshake flow control.
Pin
Number Signal Name Direction Functionality Voltage Level
1DCD0_DS To CPE Data Carrier Detect 0. DCE Output signal. Active low. Main
serial interface data carrier detect signal. Connects to a DTE,
CD, Carrier Detect pin.
3 V
2RX0_DS To CPE Receive data 0. DCE Output signal. Main serial interface
transmit data signal. During idle or reset, signal will be a logic
1. Connects to a DTE, RX, receive data pin.
3 V
3TX0_DS From CPE Transmit data 0. DCE Input signal. Active low. Main serial
interface receive data signal. During idle or reset, signal will be
a logic 1. Connects to a DTE, TX, transmit data pin.
5 V or
3 V
4DTR0_DS From CPE Data Terminal Ready 0. DCE Input signal. Active low. Main
serial interface data terminal ready signal. Connects to a DTE,
DTR, Data Terminal Ready pin.
5 V or
3 V
5GND_IN From CPE Electrical power return for digital and analog grounds.
6DSR0_DS To CPE Data Set Ready 0. DCE Output signal. Active low. Main serial
interface data set ready signal. Connects to a DTE, DSR, Data
Set Ready pin.
3 V
7RTS0_DS From CPE Request-To-Send 0. DCE Input signal. Active low. Main serial
interface request to send signal. Connects to a DTE, RTS,
Request-To-Send pin.
5 V or
3 V
8CTS0_DS To CPE Clear-To-Send 0. DCE Output signal. Active low. Main serial
interface clear to send signal. Connects to a DTE, CTS, Clear
to send pin.
3 V
9RI0_DS To CPE Ring Indicator 0. DCE Output signal. Active low. Main serial
interface ring indicator signal. Connects to a DTE, RI, Ring
Indicator pin.
3 V
Table 3: Primary Serial Connector Pin Out
NOTE: The maximum length for the Primary Serial cable is 50 feet.

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Secondary Serial Control Interface (CTL)
This serial I/O interfaces (RS-232) that support auto baud capability from 300 bps to 19200
bps.
Connector: RJ-11
Pin
Number Signal Name Direction Functionality Voltage Level
1GPIO2_RJ To/From CPE General purpose I/O. Used as a general purpose input or output
line for monitoring or control of external devices. Requires
customized stack software to implement. Leave signals
disconnected if function is not used.
3 V
2GPIO1_RJ To/From CPE General purpose I/O. Used as general a purpose input or output
line for monitoring or control of external devices. Requires
customized stack software to implement. Leave signals
disconnected if function is not used.
3 V
3RX_D From CPE Receive Data 1. DTE Input signal. Secondary serial-interface
receive data signal. Used as a debug interface for test purposes.
Leave signal disconnected if function is not used.
5 V or
3 V
4TX_D To CPE Transmit Data 1. DTE Output signal. Secondary serial-interface
transmit data signal. Used as a debug interface for test
purposes. Leave signal disconnected if function is not used.
3 V
5GND _RJ To CPE Electrical power return for digital and analog grounds.
6GPIO0_RJ To/From CPE General purpose I/O. Used as general a purpose input or output
line for monitoring or control of external devices. Requires
customized stack software to implement. Leave signals
disconnected if function is not used.
3 V
Table 4: Secondary Serial Connector Pin Out
NOTE: The maximum length for the Secondary Serial cable is 50 feet.
Voice interface (MIC/SPKR)
Uses an RJ-9 connector and provides differential microphone inputs and speaker outputs.

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Pin
Number Signal Name Direction Functionality Voltage Level
1MIC0N From CPE Microphone Negative. Negative input pin from an electret-type
microphone. Nominal microphone differential voltage should be
2.0 volts. Impedance not less than 900 ohms. Leave signal
disconnected if function is not used.
2SPK0N To CPE Speaker Negative. Negative output pin. Low side of a push-pull
amplifier. Speaker impedance 15 ohms, minimum. Speaker
capacitance of 700 pF, maximum. Driver voltage is 4.5 V
peak-to-peak. Leave signal disconnected if function is not used.
3SPK0P To CPE Speaker Positive. Positive output pin. High side of a push-pull
amplifier. Speaker impedance 15 ohms, minimum. Speaker
capacitance of 700 pF, maximum. Driver voltage is 4.5 V
peak-to-peak. Leave signal disconnected if function is not used.
4MIC0P From CPE Microphone Positive. Positive input pin from an electret-type
microphone. Nominal microphone differential voltage should be
2.0 volts. Impedance not less than 900 ohms. Leave signal
disconnected if function is not used.
Table 5: Voice Connector Pin Out
Subscriber Interface Module (SIM)
The SIM, an integral part of any GSM terminal device, is programmed with
subscriber information. The SIM is not provided with the Redhawk II unit and must
be provided by the GSM service subscriber. Care must be taken to protect the SIM.
A GSM terminal will not operate without the SIM installed.
The user information consists of an identity (IMEI number) registered with the GSM
provider, and an encryption Ki (pronounced key). The SIM consists of a
microprocessor chip and memory, installed on a plastic card. Redhawk II uses the
"mini-SIM" or plug in configuration. The SIM, which is removable, slips into a slot on
the front of the modem.
The SIM card performs authentication. To gain access to the GSM network, the
network must recognize the IMEI number and the terminal must be able to properly
decrypt the data sent by the network. The SIM also serves as a buffer for Incoming
and Stored SMS messages, or when a radio link is not available, store an outgoing
message until a network link is established.
Power must be off when installing or removing a SIM card.
Status Indication (STATUS)
The Redhawk II modem provides a multi-color LED that indicates the current link
status and signal quality.
Note: The LED illuminates any time power is applied to the Redhawk II modem.

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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LED Color Link Status Signal Quality
Green Link signal is optimal
Orange Link is less than optimal but is acceptable
Solid Red
Modem is attached
to the network
Link is unacceptable
Flashing Red Modem is in Start-up mode or is not attached to the network
GSM Overview
The GSM communications standard, already widely deployed in Europe, Asia, and
North America, overcomes many of the drawbacks found in other wireless telemetry
approaches. The GSM communications network was designed from the ground up,
for reliable and inexpensive digital data transfers.
The GSM network (Figure 4) employs integrated data and data-friendly capabilities
such as short message services, circuit switched data and, soon, GPRS, which
brings the best of wireless and packet data into harmony and will make new services
even more practical and affordable. In many countries around the world, especially
in Western Europe, GSM-based networks are the only digital networks deployed.
Figure 5: Redhawk II terminal deployment in a GSM network

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Redhawk II modem leverages existing public GSM networks, as opposed to
other systems that require the utility to build, operate, and maintain expensive
private wireless networks.
Redhawk II Programming Manual
For greater flexibility that enhances the usability of the Redhawk II Modems, Xircom
has provided an AT Commands - Programmers Manual. Part #07100014-00A.
This manual goes into greater detail, in an easy to read format, on the enhanced
programming capabilities specific to the Redhawk II system.
Backward Compatibility
GSM functionality is forever evolving. Subsequently, in order to maintain the highest
standards, the Redhawk II modems will be backward compatible with new GSM
functionality such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Applications supported
with early current versions of the modem will continue to be supported, as GSM
technology evolves to GPRS, and then on to third generation technologies, which are
now in the process of standardization and development.
Modes of Operation
Redhawk II offers several modes of operation to address a variety of application
requirements.
Circuit Switched Data
Circuit switched data is the most widespread and traditional means of data and
voice transmission available today. A circuit switched connection occupies one
network line for the entire length of data transmission and during this time, no other
user may access this network line. A circuit switched connection is the optimal
means for transmitting any continuous amount of data, such as video transmission
or voice.
A common example of a circuit switched network is the public telephone system.
When person A picks up the telephone and dials the number of person B, the
network determines and assigns a path for that transmission. The signal travels
through each assigned circuit switch to complete the connection.
Once the signal has reached person B, a continuous two-way transmission path has
been established. On a long distance call, for example, many circuits would need to
be connected together to make the call possible. These circuits are dedicated to the
call for the duration of the transmission and cannot be shared by other users. This
requires substantial network resources to be allocated per user.
Transparent and Non Transparent Transmissions
GSM provides two connection modes of transmission: transparent and non-
transparent. All Redhawk II models support both modes. The transparent data mode
delivers a service with a variable error rate, with a guaranteed throughput and delay,
whereas the non-transparent mode delivers a constantly low forward error correction
rate, but with a non-guaranteed throughput or delay.

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The non-transparent service delivers the most reliable performance and is closest to
using a modem over a fixed telephone line. Not all GSM service providers support
transparent mode. In those cases, the unit switches automatically to non-transparent
mode.
Short Message Service
To accommodate smaller messages, GSM uses short message service (SMS) for
efficient and timely data transmission and data retrieval. SMS is a point-to-point,
storage and forwarding, message service that is used in data transmissions such as
paging, notification, news flashes, and information retrieval.
Short messages can carry up to 140 8-bit characters. (160, 7-bit characters
available – See Programmers Manual for configuration)
Short Messages can be sent and received simultaneously with a voice or data call
and are sent above the voice or data in the overhead-signaling path (Traffic &
Bearer).
Although similar in concept to traditional paging, the primary difference is that SMS
is not geographically restricted as paging systems are. Moreover, the GSM network
stores and resends the message if the receiver’s handset is turned off (In some
cases, if a pager is turned off, the message is simply lost).
Listed below are the essential characteristics and assumptions regarding the form of
SMS supported by the Redhawk II family of modems.
!Support of both mobile originated and mobile terminated SMS.
!Delivery of message to either designated telephone numbers.
!8-bit data
!Message Class 1
!Message concatenation up to 255 messages (Verify with service provider that
support for this capability is available)
!Up to 140 ASCII Character per message using 8-bit data mode. (160 characters
if 7bit GSM ASCII used)
!Status report indicator not sent to SME
!More Messages to Send (MMS) configuration.
!Validity Period
!Service Center Time Stamp
!Alert SMS-SC
!Priority and Message Waiting
!Message Waiting
In addition to the above, the following important SMS functions are supported:

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© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
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!Submit a SMS TPDU to an SMS-SC, and store a copy of it until either a report arrives from
the network or from the network, or a timer expires
!Receive a SMS TPDU from an SMS-SC
!Return a delivery report to the network for a previously received message
!Receive a report from the network
!Notify the network when it has memory capacity available to receive one or
more SMS messages after it has previously rejected a message because its
memory capacity was exceeded
Support for Unstructured Supplementary Services Data
Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD) is a supplementary service to
allow for custom features by GSM service providers. The main distinction between
USSD and SMS is that the originator is guaranteed a real-time response and
acknowledgement in USSD, whereas SMS provides no such guarantee.
Put simply, USSD allows the transmission of strings of characters between the
terminal and network in a transparent fashion. Both mobile-initiated and network-
initiated USSD transactions have been standardized in the GSM specifications. Such
transactions are normally in the form of a request character string followed by a
response character string.
In the case of GSM handsets, a valid USSD string is keyed into the handset (e.g.,
*#1446#) and the SEND key is pressed.
!The characters of the request string are restricted to integers (0-9), hash (#) and
star (*).
!The characters of the response string can be numeric or alphabet character.
USSD may be more appropriate for potential applications where a real-time response
is required, such as point of sales. The Redhawk II modem supports all forms of
USSD, both mobile and network initiated. Please note that (USSD is a GSM
supplementary service requiring subscription.)
Voice
The Redhawk II modem has full voice capabilities, provided the necessary
connections have been made for the speaker and microphone pins on the 60-pin I/O
connector. The AT commands and their responses allow the user to enter and
receive information from the Redhawk II modem. These functions include the ability
for dialing, for providing on-hook or off-hook, and for controlling other aspects of the
voice call interface.
The Redhawk II modem supports three vocoder compression algorithms for voice
communication: half-rate, full-rate, and enhanced full-rate (EFR)

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
GPRS is the next step in GSM data services: a fully packet-based protocol service
with direct access to the Internet. By bringing the best features of messaging,
circuit-switched services, and packet data into harmony, GPRS promises to make
new applications even more practical and affordable. Future releases of the
Redhawk II modem will support GPRS mode. Currently, the Redhawk II modem is
hardware-ready for GPRS, if the optional memory upgrade is installed.

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
PROVISIONING THE SIM
The GSM SIM can support optional features or services. Most GSM operators
typically configure the SIM to send/receive voice calls and to receive SMS; however,
some may require an additional tariff to enable the SIM to send SMS. The
transmission of data and fax are also additional services that may require tariffs and
additional provisioning. Each of these services has two separate modes that must be
enabled to allow the service:
!Mobile-originated (MO): allows making a service request (such as, making a call
or sending an SMS)
!Mobile-terminated (MT). allows receiving a service request (such as, receiving a
phone call or an SMS)
It is imperative for the Redhawk II modem that the SIM be configured for the
optional services that are required for the application.
GSM Services Supported by the Redhawk II Modem
The Redhawk II modem supports four GSM services (modes of operation) that must
be enabled by the operator:
!Voice calls (MO and MT): requires a telephone number
!SMS (MO and MT): uses the telephone number for Voice
!Fax calls (MO and MT): requires a telephone number
!Circuit-switched data calls (MO and MT): requires a telephone number
The GSM SIM can have as many as three telephone numbers: one number for voice
calls and SMS, one number for fax calls, and one number for data calls.
Selecting the Modes of Operation
When provisioning the SIM for the Redhawk II modem, enable the following modes
of operation:
!Voice calls: configure the SIM for both MO and MT service (to send and receive)
!SMS: configure the SIM either for MT alone (to receive) or for both MO and MT
(to send and receive)
!Data: configure the SIM either for MO alone (to send) or for both MO and MT (to
send and receive)
Voice SMS Data Fax Function
MO/MT MT MO XVoice calls, receive SMS, make data calls
MO/MT MT/MO MO XVoice calls, receive/send SMS, make data calls
MO/MT MT/MO MO/MT XVoice calls, receive/send SMS, make/receive data calls
(requires an additional data telephone number)

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Part Number: 07100020 version 00B
© 2000 Xircom, Inc. All rights reserved.
All trademarks and copyrights are the property of Xircom, Inc.
ANTENNA SELECTION
Connector
The modem antenna connector is a female SMA type. The modem is designed to
support interchangeable antenna types provided they have impedance of 50 ohms.
Antenna Selection
If possible, a suitable omni-directional antenna should be mounted directly to the
SMA connector on the modem. This type of direct-antenna mount is preferred when
GSM Network signal strength is adequate and consistent. An example of this type of
installation is where a modem is to be mounted on or near an office desktop and the
antenna is located away from human contact, complying with the FCC requirements.
(See FCC requirements for Human Exposure on page 41.)
Installations such as this greatly reduce the installation cost, since a separate coaxial
cable and more expensive antenna are not required. If the antenna must be mounted
remotely away from the modem, to assure an adequate and consistent signal, only a
wide-beam directional antenna, or an omni-directional antennas are preferable.
Antenna Selection: Performance Guidelines
Antenna gain
FCC requirements limit the amount of antenna gain permissible. The combination of
antenna and cable loss (if any) must be selected to maximize path gain within the
FCC requirements (maximum of 3dBi for mobile and 7 dBi for fixed applications).
Beam width
For mobile applications, the installer should select an omni-directional antenna with
good elevation beam width. With an omni-directional antenna, you trade some gain
(azimuth) for an increased elevation beam width (elevation). Good omni-directional
antennas with 2-3dBi gain, and a good elevation beam width are readily available.
Fixed applications could use any type of antenna because there is more flexibility in
gain, but unless the installation site is on the outer fringes, or in a deep fade area,
(major obstructions) gain is the most important thing. Again, you trade gain for beam
width (azimuth and elevation).
The Installer should keep in mind that networks and site environments change. For
example, new cell sites are added to expand existing coverage and/or capacity.
With this growth, new obstructions are added as well, which could change the
signal quality for fixed applications (e.g. a newly constructed building).