3M 1000 User manual

3M
TM
Compact RFID Reader
1000

3M Compact RFID Reader 1000
3M Compact RFID Reader 1000
Version 3.2.2
Sept. 9, 2014
© 3M 2014. All Rights Reserved .
3M is a trademark of 3M. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without
notice.
This product is covered by one or more of the following patents: U.S. Patent No. 7,199,713, 7,209,040, 6,346,881, and 6,617,962.
Disclaimer and Limitation of Liability
The content of this manual is for information use only and is subject to change without notice. 3M assumes no responsibilityor liability for
any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this publication. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of 3M.
3M products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted to be suitable for life support applications or any other life critical
applications which could involve potential risk of death, personal injury, property damage, or environmentaldamage.
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Motor Vehicle Safety Systems
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11705 Research Blvd
Austin, TX 78759
Web: www.3m.com

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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 Overview .................................................................................... 4
3 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 Architecture............................................................................... 5
4 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000Frequenc Hopping Description ............................................... 6

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1 Introduction
The 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 is a member of the 3M family of Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) products. RFID is a wireless data acquisition
method used to remotely retrieve product data such as part number, date of
manufacture, quantity, version, and other information. All RFID systems are
comprised of the following components:
Transponders (or tags) attached to a product
Reader (or Interrogator) to read and write tag data
Reader (or Interrogator) Antenna
2 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 Overview
The 1000 operates in the 902 MHz to 907,5 MHz and 915 MHz to 928 MHz
Brazil Anatel band. The 1000 supports ISO18000-6B (ISOB), ISO18000-6C
(ISOC), Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Alarm protocols, or any
combination of the protocols. The reader supports dense reader mode for ISOC,
and may be deployed into various Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)
installations. The 1000 provides cabled external interface options including RS-
232 serial at 115200 Baud, Ethernet at10/100 Mbps, USB 1.1, and general
purpose digital I/O.
The 1000 is equipped with four (4) RFID antenna ports using reverse-polarized
TNC connectors. The antenna ports are multiplexed, and only one port is
transmitting at any given time. Through on-board electronic switching the 4-
and configuration can be operated in bi-static or mono-static transmit (TX) and
receive (RX) configurations. In mono-static mode the selected antenna port
provides both the TX and RX function. In bi-static mode one antenna port
provides the TX function, another antenna port the RX function.
Conducted RF output power is limited to 1 Watt at the input of the RFID
antenna selected for product installation. The antenna gain and RF cable loss
parameters are factory set.
In addition to flexibility in RF power level, the transmitter has been optimized to
handle the demanding requirements of dense reader modes. These optimizations
include the use of phase reversal keying and substantial filtering to reduce out-
of-band emissions to well below industry standards.

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This RF field from the reader can range from 6 inches to 30 feet, depending on
the antenna port power and antenna gain.
The RF field generated by the reader performs the following:
Energize the tag antenna to provide power to the integrated circuit
Provide a synchronized clock source for the tag
Act as a carrier for returned tag data
The reader can be configured to constantly generate its frequency-hopping tag
interrogation RF signal but in many applications, to minimize radio interference,
the reader’s transmitter is idle until an event triggers the reader to begin
transmission. While the RF signal is transmitted, the reader is monitoring the
receiver output for modulation indicating the presence of a tag.
When a tag enters the RF field, its antenna is energized and the tag starts to
divide down the carrier, demodulate commands from the reader, and begins to
clock data to its antenna modulator circuit. The modulator circuit shunts the
antenna element, causing momentary fluctuations in the carrier amplitude
reflected back to the reader. The reader detects this amplitude-modulated data
and decodes the resulting bit stream into the actual tag data. The decoding
scheme depends on the specific tag protocol.
3 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 Architecture
The 1000 reader contains a Transmitter section, Receiver section, Synthesizer
section, and Digital Modem.
The Transmitter section contains a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), I-Q
modulator, filtering, RF power amplifier and the antenna multiplexer circuit.
Communication with RFID tags is accomplished using a half-duplex signal
consisting of a modulated reader signal followed by a Continuous Wave (CW)
signal. The modulated signal sends data to the tag. The tag decodes this signal
and then Backscatters (uplinks) its data during the CW portion of the cycle. The
Transmitter (downlink) modulation used for communication with RFID tags is
Double Sideband Amplitude Shift Keying (DSB-ASK) or Phase Reversal
Amplitude Shift Keying (PR-ASK), depending on tag type and reader operating
mode. Data rates range from 40 to 160 kbps.
The Receiver section contains low noise amplifiers, I-Q demodulator, filtering
and an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter. The Receiver architecture is direct
conversion, and therefore it operates using the same Local Oscillator (LO)
frequency and RF channel used by the Transmitter.

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During the Backscatter (uplink) portion of the tag communication cycle, the
Receiver down-converts the modulation data from the tag to baseband, where
it is amplified and low pass filtered before being converted to a digital signal
by the ADC converter. The receiver low pass filter bandwidth is 1.4 MHz.
The receiver accommodates tag Backscatter data rates range from 32 to 640
kbps, depending on tag type and reader operating mode.
The Synthesizer section contains a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and
phase-locked loop. The Synthesizer generates a Local Oscillator (LO) signal
that is shared with the Transmitter and Receiver sections. The VCO
operating frequency is constrained under software control to the 902 MHz to
907,5 MHz and 915 MHz to 928 MHz when configured for the Brazil Anatel
band.
The Digital Modem includes the DSP, FPGA, dual-function ADC-DAC
converter, and general purpose input/output communication interfaces. The
Digital Modem has direct control over transceiver functions, including
operating frequency, TX power control, and generation and decoding of
baseband digital modulation data sent and received by the reader for RFID tag
read and write operations.
4 3M Compact RFID Reader 1000 FCC Frequency
Hopping Description
4.1. Frequency Hopping Set
The reader can be configured to operate in one of four frequency band sets,
as shown in the following table.
Table 1 FCC Band Specifications
Frequenc Band Set Frequenc Range
(MHz, inclusive)
Channel Spacing
(kHz)
No. of Channels
FCC_A 902.3 – 912.1 200 50
FCC_B 910.1 – 919.9 200 50
FCC_C 917.9 – 927.7 200 50
FCC_DENSE 902.75 – 927.25 500 50
Brazil_Band 902-907,5 / 915-918 500 50
These band sets are specified using the user-configurable Sub-Region software
setting. A pseudo random hop frequency table is created when the Sub-Region
setting is selected. The reader hops from one frequency to another in the table
at the dwell times described below in the “Timing Considerations” subsection.

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Frequency hopping spread spectrum systems are not required to employ all
available hopping channels during each transmission. However, the system,
consisting of both the transmitter and the receiver, must be designed to comply
with all of the regulations should the transmitter be presented with a continuous
data stream from RFID transponders. In addition, a system employing short
transmission bursts must comply with the definition of a frequency hopping
system and must distribute its transmissions over the minimum number of
hopping channels specified. When a continuous data stream is presented, the
1000 adheres to the 0.4 second dwell time limit per channel for each 20 second
window.

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4.2. Timing Considerations
In compliance with FCC Part 15 regulations, the reader never stays on one
frequency for more than 400 milliseconds. There are several mechanisms at
work to enforce the 400 ms cutoff. First, as the reader performs tag inventories,
from time to time it will check to see how much time is remaining from the 400
ms allotment for a given frequency. If there is less than 100 ms remaining, the
reader will hop to the next frequency.
Second, in some cases, if more than one antenna is in use, the reader will change
frequencies when an antenna change is performed; these antenna changes
typically occur many times within any 400 ms time period.
Finally, a hardware timer in the reader is dedicated to tracking the 400 ms dwell
time. Should a frequency continue to be used for 400 ms, because none of the
above conditions caused it to be changed, the timer will force a frequency
change at the 400 ms mark.
4.3. Incorporation of Intelligence FCC Part 15.247(h)
The coordination of frequency hopping systems in any other manner for the
express purpose of avoiding the simultaneous occupancy of individual hopping
frequencies by multiple transmitters is not permitted.
By design and construction, the 1000 does not attempt to recognize other users
or interferers within this spectrum band for any type of coordination purposes.
In the statistically unlikely event that two readers with the same hopping
sequence become time-aligned in that sequence, there is sufficient signal
processing variation that occurs from reader-to-reader, especially when under
such interference conditions, and even more so when transponders are in the
field, that the alignment between the two will rapidly become less impactful/

3M Compact RFID Reader 1000