4RF Aprisa SR User manual

Rhein Tech Laboratories, Inc. Client: 4RF Communications
360 Herndon Parkway Model: Aprisa SR SRN400-000
Suite 1400 FCC ID: UIPSRN0400012A
Herndon, VA 20170 Standards: FCC Part 90
http://www.rheintech.com Report #: 2011198
Page 34 of 40
Appendix J: Manual
Please refer to the following pages.

November 2011
Version 1.3.4a

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Aprisa SR User Manual
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 4RF Communications Ltd. All rights reserved.
This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Communications Ltd and may not be reproduced
or republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Communications
Ltd.
Trademarks
Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Communications Limited.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java
and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the
United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer
Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Communications Ltd assumes no
liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or
the equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product.
RoHS and WEEE compliance
The Aprisa SR is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
environmental directives.
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS)
The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these
hazardous substances: lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs),
and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
4RF Communications has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS
Directive which came into effect on the 1st July 2006.
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)
The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment.
Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly.
4RF Communications has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in
an environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC).
4RF Communications invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and
compliance with the European Commission’s Directives ([e-mail]).

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Aprisa SR User Manual
Compliance General
The Aprisa SR digital radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be
issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is
being operated.
It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the
appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met.
Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF Communications are based on the Aprisa SR radio equipment
being installed at a fixed location and operated in point-to-multipoint or point-to-point mode within the
environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate
the authorizations and / or license conditions.
The term ‘Radio’with reference to the Aprisa SR User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a
point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or
to operate the equipment within any territory.
Compliance ETSI
The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) specifications as follows:
Radio performance
EN 300 113-2
EMC
EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5
Environmental
EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Frequency band
Channel size
Power input
Notified
body
136-174 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
400-470 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC

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Aprisa SR User Manual
RF Exposure Warning
WARNING:
The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR radios shall ensure that a separation distance
as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s
antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.
Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the
following methodologies:
1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of
47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65.
2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
(1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the
requirements of EN 50385:2002.
Frequency (MHz)
Maximum Power
(dBm)
Maximum Antenna
Gain (dBi)
Minimum Separation
Distance
(m)
136
+ 37
15
2.5
174
+ 37
15
2.5
330
+ 37
15
2.5
400
+ 37
15
2.5
470
+ 37
15
2.3
520
+ 37
15
2.2
850
+ 37
28
7.7
960
+ 37
28
7.2

Contents | 5
Aprisa SR User Manual
Contents
1. Getting Started .......................................................................... 11
2. Introduction.............................................................................. 13
About This Manual...............................................................................13
What It Covers ............................................................................13
Who Should Read It ......................................................................13
Contact Us.................................................................................13
What's in the Box ................................................................................13
Aprisa SR Accessory Kit ..................................................................14
Aprisa SR CD Contents ...................................................................14
Software ............................................................................14
Documentation ....................................................................14
3. About the Radio ......................................................................... 15
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio........................................................................15
Product Overview ...............................................................................16
Network Coverage and Capacity .......................................................16
Remote Messaging........................................................................16
Repeater Messaging ......................................................................17
Product Features ................................................................................18
Functions ..................................................................................18
Performance ..............................................................................18
Usability ...................................................................................18
Architecture...............................................................................19
Product Operation.................................................................19
Physical Layer.............................................................................19
Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................19
Channel access.....................................................................19
Hop by Hop Transmission.........................................................20
Network Layer ............................................................................21
Packet Routing.....................................................................21
Security ...........................................................................................22
Interfaces.........................................................................................23
Antenna Interface ........................................................................23
Ethernet Interface .......................................................................23
USB Interfaces ............................................................................23
RS-232 Interface..........................................................................23
Front Panel Connections .......................................................................24
LED Display Panel ...............................................................................25
Normal Operation ........................................................................25
Software Upgrade ........................................................................25
Test Mode .................................................................................26

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Aprisa SR User Manual
4. Product Options ......................................................................... 27
Dual Antenna Port...............................................................................27
Protected Station ...............................................................................28
Operation..................................................................................28
Configuration Management ......................................................29
Switch Over ...............................................................................29
Switching Criteria .................................................................29
Hardware Manual Lock............................................................30
Remote Control....................................................................30
Installation ................................................................................31
Mounting............................................................................31
Cabling ..............................................................................31
Power ...............................................................................31
Maintenance ..............................................................................32
Changing the Protected Station IP Addresses .................................32
Protected Station Software Upgrade ...........................................32
Replacing a Protected Station Faulty Radio ...................................33
Setting the Software Manual Lock ..............................................33
Spares ......................................................................................34
Replacing a Faulty Protection Switch ..........................................34
Data Driven Protected Station.................................................................35
Operation..................................................................................35
Switch Over ........................................................................36
Configuration Management ......................................................36
Installation ................................................................................37
Mounting............................................................................37
Cabling ..............................................................................38
Power ...............................................................................38
5. Implementing the Network ........................................................... 39
Network Topologies .............................................................................39
Point-To-Point Network ..........................................................39
Point-to-Multipoint Network.....................................................39
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 1............................................39
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 2............................................39
Initial Network Deployment ...................................................................40
Install the Base Station..................................................................40
Installing the Remote Stations .........................................................40
Install a Repeater Station ...............................................................40
Network Changes................................................................................41
Adding a Repeater Station ..............................................................41
Adding a Remote Station ................................................................41

Contents | 7
Aprisa SR User Manual
6. Preparation............................................................................... 43
Bench Setup......................................................................................43
Path Planning ....................................................................................44
Antenna Selection and Siting ...........................................................44
Base or Repeater Station.........................................................44
Remote Station ....................................................................45
Antenna Siting .....................................................................46
Coaxial Feeder Cables ...................................................................47
Linking System Plan......................................................................47
Site Requirements...............................................................................48
Power Supply..............................................................................48
Equipment Cooling .......................................................................48
Earthing and Lightning Protection .....................................................49
Feeder Earthing....................................................................49
Radio Earthing .....................................................................49
7. Installing the Radio ..................................................................... 50
Mounting..........................................................................................50
Required Tools............................................................................50
DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................51
Rack Shelf Mounting .....................................................................52
Wall Mounting.............................................................................52
Installing the Antenna and Feeder Cable ....................................................53
Connecting the Power Supply .................................................................54
External Power Supplies.................................................................54
Spare Fuses................................................................................55
Additional Spare Fuses............................................................56

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Aprisa SR User Manual
8. Managing the Radio..................................................................... 57
SuperVisor ........................................................................................57
Connecting to SuperVisor ...............................................................57
Management PC Connection .....................................................58
PC Settings for SuperVisor .......................................................59
Login to SuperVisor................................................................63
Logout of SuperVisor..............................................................64
SuperVisor Screen Layout ........................................................65
SuperVisor Menu..........................................................................67
SuperVisor Menu Access ..........................................................68
SuperVisor Menu Items............................................................69
Network Status ....................................................................69
Terminal ............................................................................70
Radio ................................................................................78
Ethernet ............................................................................92
Security ........................................................................... 100
Maintenance...................................................................... 108
Events ............................................................................. 124
Parameters ....................................................................... 130
Command Line Interface ..................................................................... 131
Connecting to the Management Port ................................................ 131
CLI Commands .......................................................................... 134
Viewing the CLI Terminal Summary........................................... 136
Changing the Radio IP Address with the CLI................................. 136
In-Service Commissioning .................................................................... 137
Before You Start............................................................................... 137
What You Will Need.................................................................... 137
Antenna Alignment............................................................................ 138
Aligning the Antennas ................................................................. 138
9. Maintenance ............................................................................139
Radio Software Upgrade...................................................................... 140
Upgrade Process ........................................................................ 140
Software Downgrade................................................................... 141
10. Interface Connections ................................................................142
RJ-45 Connector Pin Assignments........................................................... 142
Ethernet Interface Connections ............................................................. 142
RS-232 Serial Interface Connections........................................................ 143
Protection Switch Remote Control Connections .......................................... 143
11. Alarm Types and Sources ............................................................144
Alarm Types.................................................................................... 144
Alarm Events ............................................................................ 144
Informational Events................................................................... 147

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Aprisa SR User Manual
12. Specifications ...........................................................................148
RF Specifications .............................................................................. 148
ETSI Compliant.......................................................................... 148
Frequency Bands ................................................................ 148
Channel Sizes .................................................................... 148
Transmitter....................................................................... 149
Receiver .......................................................................... 149
Modem ............................................................................ 150
Data Payload Security .......................................................... 150
Interface Specifications ...................................................................... 151
Ethernet Interface ..................................................................... 151
RS-232 Asynchronous Interface....................................................... 152
Protection Switch Specifications............................................................ 152
Power Specifications.......................................................................... 153
Power Supply............................................................................ 153
Power Consumption.................................................................... 153
Power Dissipation ...................................................................... 154
General Specifications........................................................................ 155
Environmental .......................................................................... 155
Mechanical .............................................................................. 155
ETSI compliance ........................................................................ 155
13. Product End Of Life ...................................................................156
End-of-Life Recycling Programme (WEEE) ................................................. 156
The WEEE Symbol Explained .......................................................... 156
WEEE Must Be Collected Separately ................................................. 156
YOUR ROLE in the Recovery of WEEE................................................ 156
EEE Waste Impacts the Environment and Health .................................. 156
14. Abbreviations ...........................................................................157
15. Index......................................................................................158

Getting Started | 11
Aprisa SR User Manual
1. Getting Started
This section is an overview of the steps required to commission an Aprisa SR radio network in the field:
Phase 1:
Pre-installation
1.
Confirm path planning.
Page 44
2.
Ensure that the site preparation is complete:
Power requirements.
Tower requirements.
Environmental considerations, for example, temperature control.
Mounting space.
Page 47
Phase 2:
Installing the radios
1.
Mount the radio.
Page 50
2.
Connect earthing to the radio.
Page 49
3.
Confirm that the:
Antenna is mounted and visually aligned.
Feeder cable is connected to the antenna.
Feeder connections are tightened to recommended level.
Tower earthing is complete.
4.
Install lightning protection.
Page 49
5.
Connect the coaxial jumper cable between the lightning protection and the
radio antenna port.
Page 53
6.
Connect the power to the radio.
Page 54

12 | Getting Started
Aprisa SR User Manual
Phase 3:
Establishing the link
1.
If radio's IP address is not the default IP address (169.254.50.10 with a subnet
mask of 255.255.0.0) and you don't know the radio's IP address, see ‘Command
Line Interface’ on page 131.
Page 131
2.
Connect the Ethernet cable between the radio's Ethernet port and the PC.
3.
Confirm that the PC IP settings are correct for the Ethernet connection:
IP address
Subnet mask
Gateway IP address
Page 59
4.
Open a web browser and login to the radio.
Page 63
5.
Set or confirm the RF characteristics:
TX and RX frequencies
TX output power
Page 79
6.
Compare the actual RSSI to the expected RSSI value (from your path planning).
7.
Fine-align the antennas.
Page 138
8.
Confirm that the radio is operating correctly; the OK, DATA, CPU and RF LEDs
are light green (the AUX LED will be off).

Introduction | 13
Aprisa SR User Manual
2. Introduction
About This Manual
What It Covers
This user manual describes how to install and configure an Aprisa SR point-to-multipoint digital radio
network.
It specifically documents an Aprisa SR radio running system software version 1.3.4.
It is recommended that you read the relevant sections of this manual before installing or operating the
radios.
Who Should Read It
This manual has been written for professional field technicians and engineers who have an appropriate
level of education and experience.
Contact Us
If you experience any difficulty installing or using Aprisa SR after reading this manual, please contact
Customer Support or your local 4RF representative.
Our area representative contact details are available from our website:
4RF Communications Ltd
26 Glover Street, Ngauranga
PO Box 13-506
Wellington 6032
New Zealand
E-mail
[email protected]om
Web site
www.4rf.com
Telephone
[phone]
Facsimile
[phone]
Attention
Customer Services
What's in the Box
Inside the box you will find:
One Aprisa SR radio fitted with a power connector.
One Aprisa SR Accessory kit containing the following:
Aprisa SR CD
Aprisa SR Quick Start Guide
Management Cable

14 | Introduction
Aprisa SR User Manual
Aprisa SR Accessory Kit
The accessory kit contains the following items:
Aprisa SR Quick Start Guide
Aprisa SR CD
Management Cable
USB Cable USB A to USB micro B, 1m
Aprisa SR CD Contents
The Aprisa SR CD contains the following:
Software
The latest version of the radio software (see ‘Radio Software Upgrade’ on page 140).
USB Serial Driver.
Web browsers - Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer are included for your convenience.
Adobe™ Acrobat® Reader® which you need to view the PDF files on the Aprisa SR CD.
Documentation
User manual - an electronic (PDF) version for you to view online or print.
Product collateral - application overviews, product description, quick start guide, case studies,
software release notes and white papers.

About the Radio | 15
Aprisa SR User Manual
3. About the Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data
connectivity for SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications.
The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the Base Station,
Repeater Stations and Remote Stations.
The Aprisa SR is configurable as a point-to-multipoint Base Station, a Remote Station or a Repeater
Station.

16 | About the Radio
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Overview
Network Coverage and Capacity
In a simple point-to-multipoint network, an Aprisa SR, configured as a Base Station, will communicate with
multiple remote units in a given coverage area. With a link range of up to 60 km a typical deployment will
have 30 –50 Remote Stations attached to the Base Station. However, geographic features, such as hills,
mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, tend to limit radio coverage.
Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur
and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) which greatly
improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in
capacity.
Ultimately, the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including
the geographic location, the number of Remote Stations in the Base Station coverage area and the traffic
profile across the network. Effective network design will distribute the total number of Remote Stations
across the available Base Stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity.
Remote Messaging
Base Stations are fitted with omni-directional antennas and the Remote Stations use directional Yagi
antennas for higher gain. On start-up the Base Station transmits a registration message which is
recognized by the Remote Stations which respond with their own registration message. This allows the
Base Station to record the details of all the Remote Stations active in the network.
There are two message types in the Aprisa SR network, broadcast messages and unicast messages.
Broadcast messages are transmitted by the Base Station to the Remote Stations and unicast messages are
transmitted by the Remote Station to the Base Station.
All the Remote Stations, within the coverage area, will receive the messages broadcast from the Base
Station, but only the radio the message is intended for will action the message. Only the Base Station can
receive the unicast messages transmitted from the Remote Station. Unicast messages are ignored by other
Remote Stations which may be able to receive them. The Aprisa SR network is not designed for Remote
Stations to communicate with other Remote Stations.

About the Radio | 17
Aprisa SR User Manual
Repeater Messaging
The Aprisa SR uses a routed protocol throughout the network whereby messages contain source and
destination addresses. Upon registration, the radios populate an internal neighbor table to identify the
radios in the network. The Remote Stations will register with a Base Station, or a repeater, and the
repeater registers with a Base Station. In networks with a repeater, the repeater must register with the
Base Station before the remotes can register with the repeater.
Additionally, all messages contain a ‘message type’ field in the header and messages are designated as
either a ‘broadcast’ message, originating from a Base Station, or a ‘unicast’ message, originating from a
Remote Station.
In a network with a repeater, or multiple repeaters, the Base Station broadcasts a message which contains
a message type, a source address and a destination address. The repeater receives the message and
recognizes it is a broadcast message, from the message type and source address and re-broadcasts the
message across the network. All Remote Stations in the coverage area will receive the message but only
the radio with the destination address will act upon the message.
Similarly, the Remote Station will send a unicast message which contains a message type (unicast) a
source address and a destination address (the Base Station). The repeater will receive this message;
recognize the message type and source address and forward it to the destination address.
It is this methodology which prevents repeater-repeater loops. If there is repeater (A) which, in some
circumstances, is able to pick up the RF signal from another repeater (B), it will not forward the message
as it will only forward broadcast messages from the Base Station (recognized by the source address). For
unicast messages the repeater (A) will recognize that the message (from repeater (B)) is not from a
remote with which it has an association and similarly ignore the message.