ABB RELION RET670 User manual

Relion® 670 series
Transformer protection RET670
Customized
Product Guide

Contents
1. Application.....................................................................3
2. Available functions..........................................................4
3. Differential protection......................................................9
4. Impedance protection..................................................11
5. Current protection........................................................14
6. Voltage protection........................................................17
7. Frequency protection....................................................17
8. Multipurpose protection................................................18
9. Secondary system supervision.....................................18
10. Control........................................................................19
11. Scheme communication..............................................21
12. Logic...........................................................................21
13. Monitoring...................................................................21
14. Metering......................................................................24
15. Basic IED functions.....................................................24
16. Human machine interface............................................24
17. Station communication ...............................................25
18. Remote communication..............................................26
19. Hardware description..................................................26
20. Connection diagrams..................................................30
21. Technical data.............................................................39
22. Ordering......................................................................93
Disclaimer
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by ABB. ABB assumes no responsibility for any
errors that may appear in this document.
© Copyright 2012 ABB.
All rights reserved.
Trademarks
ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
2 ABB

1. Application
RET670 provides fast and selective protection,
monitoring and control for two- and three-winding
transformers, autotransformers, generator-
transformer units, phase shifting transformers,
special railway transformers and shunt reactors.
The transformer IED is designed to operate
correctly over a wide frequency range in order to
accommodate power system frequency variations
during disturbances and generator start-up and
shut-down.
A very fast differential protection function with
settable CT ratio matching and vector group
compensation makes this IED the ideal solution
even for the most demanding applications. Since
RET670 has very low requirements on the main
CTs, no interposing CTs are required.It is suitable
for differential applications with multi-breaker
arrangements with up to six restraint CT inputs.
The differential protection function is provided
with 2nd harmonic and wave-block restraint
features to avoid tripping for magnetizing inrush
current, and 5th harmonic restraint to avoid
tripping for overexcitation.
The differential function offers a high sensitivity for
low-level internal faults. The unique and innovative
sensitive differential protection feature of the
RET670 provides the best possible coverage for
winding internal turn-to-turn faults, based on the
theory of symmetrical components .
A low impedance restricted earth-fault protection
function is available as a complimentary sensitive
and fast main protection against winding earth
faults. This function includes a directional zero-
sequence current criterion for additional security.
Additionally a high impedance differential function
is available. It can be used as restricted earth
fault or, as three functions are included, also as
differential protection on autotransformers, as
differential protection for a tertiary connected
reactor, as T-differential protection for the
transformer feeder in a mesh-corner or ring
arrangement, as tertiary bus protection and so on.
Tripping from pressure relief/Buchholz and
temperature devices can be done through the
transformer IED where pulsing, lock-out contact
output and so on, is performed. The binary inputs
are heavily stabilized against disturbance to
prevent incorrect operations at for example dc
system capacitive discharges or DC earth faults.
The binary inputs are heavily stabilized against
disturbances to prevent incorrect operations
during for example during DC system capacitive
discharges or DC earth faults.
Distance protection functionality for phase-to-
phase and/or phase-to-earth faults is available as
back-up protection for faults within the
transformer and in the connected power system.
Versatile phase, earth, positive, negative and zero
sequence overcurrent functions, which can
optionally be made directional and/or voltage
controlled, provide further alternative backup
protection. Thermal overload with two time-
constants, volts per hertz, over/under voltage and
over/under frequency protection functions are
also available.
A built-in disturbance and event recorder provides
valuable data to the user about status and
operation for post-fault disturbance analysis.
Breaker failure protection for each transformer
breaker allows high speed back-up tripping of
surrounding breakers.
The transformer IED can also be provided with a
full control and interlocking functionality including
Synchrocheck function to allow integration of the
main and/or a local back-up control.
Out of Step function is available to separate
power system sections close to electrical centre
at occurring out of step.
The advanced logic capability, where user logic is
prepared with a graphical tool, allows special
applications such as automatic opening of
disconnectors in multi-breaker arrangements,
closing of breaker rings, load transfer logic and so
on. The graphical configuration tool ensures
simple and fast testing and commissioning.
Serial data communication is via optical
connections to ensure immunity against
disturbances.
The wide application flexibility makes this product
an excellent choice for both new installations and
the refurbishment of existing installations.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2 Issued: December 2012
Revision: D
ABB 3

2. Available functions
Main protection functions
2 = number of basic instances
0-3 = option quantities
IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Transformer
RET670
Differential protection
T2WPDIF 87T Transformer differential protection, two winding 1-2
T3WPDIF 87T Transformer differential protection, three winding 1-2
HZPDIF 87 1Ph high impedance differential protection 0-6
REFPDIF 87N Restricted earth fault protection, low impedance 0-3
Impedance protection
ZMQPDIS,
ZMQAPDIS
21 Distance protection zone, quadrilateral characteristic 0-5
ZDRDIR 21D Directional impedance quadrilateral 0-2
ZMCPDIS,
ZMCAPDIS
21 Distance characteristic for series compensated lines 0-5
ZDSRDIR 21D Directional impedance quadrilateral, including series
compensation
0-2
FDPSPDIS 21 Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with fixed angle 0-2
ZMHPDIS 21 Full-scheme distance protection, mho characteristic 0-5
ZMMPDIS,
ZMMAPDIS
21 Full-scheme distance protection, quadrilaterial for earth faults 0-5
ZDMRDIR 21D Directional impedance element for mho characteristic 0-2
ZDARDIR Additional distance protection directional function for earth fault 0-1
ZSMGAPC Mho impedance supervision logic 0-1
FMPSPDIS 21 Faulty phase identification with load enchroachment 0-2
ZMRPDIS,
ZMRAPDIS
21 Distance protection zone, quadrilateral characteristic, separate
settings
0-5
FRPSPDIS 21 Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with settable angle 0-2
ZMRPSB 78 Power swing detection 0-1
ZMRPSL Power swing logic 0-1
PSPPPAM 78 Pole slip/out-of-step protection 0-1
PPLPHIZ Phase preference logic 0-1
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
4 ABB

Back-up protection functions
IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Transformer
RET670
Current protection
PHPIOC 50 Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection 0-8
OC4PTOC 51_67 Four step phase overcurrent protection 0-8
EFPIOC 50N Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection 0-8
EF4PTOC 51N_67
N
Four step residual overcurrent protection 0-8
NS4PTOC 46I2 Four step directional negative phase sequence overcurrent
protection
0-8
SDEPSDE 67N Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection 0-3
LPPTR 26 Thermal overload protection, one time constant 0–2
TRPTTR 49 Thermal overload protection, two time constant 0-6
CCRBRF 50BF Breaker failure protection 0-6
CCRPLD 52PD Pole discordance protection 0-2
GUPPDUP 37 Directional underpower protection 0-2
GOPPDOP 32 Directional overpower protection 0-2
BRCPTOC 46 Broken conductor check 1
CBPGAPC Capacitor bank protection 0-6
NS2PTOC 46I2 Negative sequence time overcurrent protection for machines 0-2
Voltage protection
UV2PTUV 27 Two step undervoltage protection 0-3
OV2PTOV 59 Two step overvoltage protection 0-3
ROV2PTOV 59N Two step residual overvoltage protection 0-3
OEXPVPH 24 Overexcitation protection 0-2
VDCPTOV 60 Voltage differential protection 0-2
LOVPTUV 27 Loss of voltage check 1
Frequency protection
SAPTUF 81 Underfrequency protection 0-6
SAPTOF 81 Overfrequency protection 0-6
SAPFRC 81 Rate-of-change frequency protection 0-6
Multipurpose protection
CVGAPC General current and voltage protection 0-12
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
ABB 5

Control and monitoring functions
IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Transformer
RET670
Control
SESRSYN 25 Synchrocheck, energizing check and synchronizing 0-6, 0-5
APC30 3 Apparatus control for up to 6 bays, max 30 apparatuses (6CBs)
incl. interlocking
0-1
QCBAY Apparatus control 1
Local
Remote
Handling of LRswitch positions 1
LocRem
Control
LHMI control of PSTO 1
TR1ATCC 90 Automatic voltage control for tap changer, single control 0-4
TR8ATCC 90 Automatic voltage control for tap changer, parallel control 0-4
TCMYLTC 84 Tap changer control and supervision, 6 binary inputs 0-4
TCLYLTC 84 Tap changer control and supervision, 32 binary inputs 0-4
SLGGIO Logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation 15
VSGGIO Selector mini switch 20
DPGGIO IEC61850 generic communication I/O functions 16
SPC8GGIO Single pole generic control 8 signals 5
AutomationBits AutomationBits, command function for DNP3.0 3
Single command, 16 signals 4
VCTRSend Horizonal communication via GOOSE for VCTR 1
VCTR
Receive
Horizontal communication via GOOSE for VCTR 7
Secondary system supervision
CCSRDIF 87 Current circuit supervision 0-5
SDDRFUF Fuse failure supervision 0-4
Logic
SMPPTRC 94 Tripping logic 1-6
TMAGGIO Trip matrix logic 12
Configuration logic blocks 40-280
Fixed signal function blocks 1
B16I Boolean 16 to Integer conversion 16
B16IFCVI Boolean 16 to Integer conversion with Logic Node representation 16
IB16 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion 16
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
6 ABB

IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Transformer
RET670
IB16FVCB Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with Logic Node representation 16
Monitoring
CVMMXN Measurements 6
CNTGGIO Event counter 5
Event Event function 20
DRPRDRE Disturbance report 1
SPGGIO IEC61850 generic communication I/O functions 64
SP16GGIO IEC61850 generic communication I/O functions 16 inputs 16
MVGGIO IEC61850 generic communication I/O functions 24
BSStart
Report
Logical signal status report 3
RANGE_XP Measured value expander block 66
Metering
PCGGIO Pulse-counter logic 16
ETPMMTR Function for energy calculation and demand handling 6
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
ABB 7

Designed to communicate
IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Transformer
RET670
Station communication
SPA communication protocol 1
LON communication protocol 1
IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol 20/1
Operation selection between SPA and IEC60870-5-103 for SLM 1
DNP3.0 for TCP/IP and EIA-485 communication protocol 1
DNP3.0 fault records for TCP/IP and EIA-485 communication
protocol
1
Parameter setting function for IEC61850 1
IntlReceive Horizontal communication via GOOSE for interlocking 59
Goose binary receive 10
Multiple command and transmit 60/10
Ethernet configuration of links 1
IEC 62439-3 Edition 1 parallel redundancy protocol 0-1
IEC 62439-3 Edition 2 parallel redundancy protocol 0-1
Scheme communication
ECPSCH 85 Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection 0-1
ECRWPSCH 85 Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual
overcurrent protection
0-1
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
8 ABB

Basic IED functions
IEC 61850 Function description
Basic functions included in all products
IntErrorSig Self supervision with internal event list 1
TIME Time and synchronization error 1
TimeSynch Time synchronization 1
ActiveGroup Parameter setting groups 1
Test Test mode functionality 1
ChangeLock Change lock function 1
TerminalID IED identifiers 1
Productinfo Product information 1
MiscBaseCommon Misc Base Common 1
IEDRuntimeComp IED Runtime Comp 1
RatedFreq Rated system frequency 1
SMBI Signal Matrix for binary inputs 40
SMBO Signal Matrix for binary outputs 40
SMMI Signal Matrix for mA inputs 4
SMAI Signal Matrix for analog inputs 36
Sum3Ph Summation block 3 phase 18
LocalHMI Parameter setting function for HMI in PCM600 1
LocalHMI Local HMI signals 1
AuthStatus Authority status 1
AuthorityCheck Authority check 1
AccessFTP FTP access with password 1
SPACommMap SPA communication mapping 1
DOSFRNT Denial of service, frame rate control for front port 1
DOSOEMAB Denial of service, frame rate control for OEM port AB 1
DOSOEMCD Denial of service, frame rate control for OEM port CD 1
3. Differential protection
Transformer differential protection T2WPDIF/
T3WPDIF
The Transformer differential protection, two-
winding (T2WPDIF) and Transformer differential
protection, three-winding (T3WPDIF) are provided
with internal CT ratio matching and vector group
compensation and settable zero sequence
current elimination.
The function can be provided with up to three-
phase sets of current inputs. All current inputs are
provided with percentage bias restraint features,
making the IED suitable for two- or three-winding
transformer in multi-breaker station arrangements.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
ABB 9

Two-winding applications
xx05000048.vsd
IEC05000048 V1 EN
two-winding power
transformer
xx05000049.vsd
IEC05000049 V1 EN
two-winding power
transformer with
unconnected delta
tertiary winding
xx05000050.vsd
IEC05000050 V1 EN
two-winding power
transformer with two
circuit breakers on
one side
xx05000051.vsd
IEC05000051 V1 EN
two-winding power
transformer with two
circuit breakers and
two CT-sets on both
sides
Three-winding applications
xx05000052.vsd
IEC05000052 V1 EN
three-winding power
transformer with all
three windings
connected
xx05000053.vsd
IEC05000053 V1 EN
three-winding power
transformer with two
circuit breakers and
two CT-sets on one
side
xx05000057.vsd
IEC05000057 V1 EN
Autotransformer with
two circuit breakers
and two CT-sets on
two out of three sides
Figure 1. CT group arrangement for
differential protection and other
protections
The setting facilities cover the application of the
differential protection to all types of power
transformers and auto-transformers with or
without load tap changer as well as shunt
reactors and local feeders within the station. An
adaptive stabilizing feature is included for heavy
through-faults.By introducing the load tap
changer position, the differential protection pick-
up can be set to optimum sensitivity thus
covering internal faults with low fault level.
Stabilization is included for inrush and
overexcitation currents respectively. Adaptive
stabilization is also included for system recovery
inrush and CT saturation during external faults. A
high set unrestrained differential current
protection element is included for a very high
speed tripping at a high internal fault currents.
Included is an innovative sensitive differential
protection element based on the theory of
symmetrical components. This element offers the
best possible coverage of power transformer
windings turn to turn faults.
1Ph High impedance differential protection
HZPDIF
The 1Ph High impedance differential protection
(HZPDIF) function can be used when the involved
CT cores have the same turns ratio and similar
magnetizing characteristics. It utilizes an external
CT current summation by wiring, a series resistor,
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
10 ABB

and a voltage dependent resistor which are
mounted externally connected to the IED.
HZPDIF can be used to protect tee-feeders or
busbars. Six single phase function blocks are
available to allow application for two three-phase
zones busbar protection.
Restricted earth-fault protection, low impedance
REFPDIF
Restricted earth-fault protection, low-impedance
function (REFPDIF) can be used on all directly or
low-impedance earthed windings. The REFPDIF
function provides high sensitivity and high speed
tripping as it protects each winding separately
and thus does not need inrush stabilization.
The low-impedance function is a percentage
biased function with an additional zero sequence
current directional comparison criterion. This
gives excellent sensitivity and stability during
through faults.
REFPDIF can also protect autotransformers. In
this case, the negative sequence current
directional comparison must be used. The most
typical and the most complicated configuration of
an autotransformer is shown in figure 2. Five
currents are measured in the case illustrated in
figure 2.
The most typical
application
YNdx
d
CB
CT
CT
CB
Y
IED
CB
CB
CB
CB
Autotransformer
The most complicated
application - autotransformer
CT CT
CT CT
IEC05000058-2-en.vsd
IEC05000058-2 V1 EN
Figure 2. Examples of applications of the REFPDIF
xx05000058.vsd
IEC05000058 V1 EN
Figure 3. Autotransformer low impedance REFPDIF
4. Impedance protection
Distance measuring zone, quadrilateral
characteristic ZMQPDIS, ZMQAPDIS (21)
The line distance protection is a five zone full
scheme protection with three fault loops for
phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for
phase-to-earth faults for each of the independent
zones. Individual settings for each zone in
resistive and reactive reach gives flexibility for use
as back-up protection for transformer connected
to overhead lines and cables of different types
and lengths.
ZMQPDIS together with Phase selection with load
encroachment FDPSPDIS has functionality for
load encroachment, which increases the
possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily
loaded lines.
The distance protection zones can operate
independently of each other in directional (forward
or reverse) or non-directional mode.
Distance measuring zone, quadrilateral
characteristic for series compensated lines
ZMCPDIS, ZMCAPDIS
The line distance protection is a five zone full
scheme protection with three fault loops for
phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for
phase-to-earth fault for each of the independent
zones. Individual settings for each zone resistive
and reactive reach give flexibility for use on
overhead lines and cables of different types and
lengths.
Quadrilateral characteristic is available.
ZMCPDIS function has functionality for load
encroachment which increases the possibility to
detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
ABB 11

en05000034.vsd
R
X
Forward
operation
Reverse
operation
IEC05000034 V1 EN
Figure 4. Typical quadrilateral distance protection
zone with load encroachment function
activated
The distance protection zones can operate,
independent of each other, in directional (forward
or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes
them suitable, together with different
communication schemes, for the protection of
power lines and cables in complex network
configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-
terminal lines.
Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with
fixed angle FDPSPDIS
The operation of transmission networks today is
in many cases close to the stability limit. Due to
environmental considerations, the rate of
expansion and reinforcement of the power system
is reduced, for example, difficulties to get
permission to build new power lines. The ability to
accurately and reliably classify the different types
of fault, so that single pole tripping and
autoreclosing can be used plays an important role
in this matter.Phase selection, quadrilateral
characteristic with fixed angle FDPSPDIS is
designed to accurately select the proper fault
loop in the distance function dependent on the
fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many
transmission networks may make fault resistance
coverage difficult to achieve. Therefore,
FDPSPDIS has a built-in algorithm for load
encroachment, which gives the possibility to
enlarge the resistive setting of both the phase
selection and the measuring zones without
interfering with the load.
The extensive output signals from the phase
selection gives also important information about
faulty phase(s), which can be used for fault
analysis.
A current-based phase selection is also included.
The measuring elements continuously measure
three phase currents and the residual current
and, compare them with the set values.
Full-scheme distance measuring, Mho
characteristic ZMHPDIS
The numerical mho line distance protection is a
five zone full scheme protection for back-up
detection of short circuit and earth faults. The full
scheme technique provides back-up protection of
power lines with high sensitivity and low
requirement on remote end communication. The
five zones have fully independent measuring and
settings, which gives high flexibility for all types of
lines.
The function can be used as under impedance
back-up protection for transformers and
generators.
Full-scheme distance protection, quadrilateral for
earth faults ZMMPDIS, ZMMAPDIS
The distance protection is a five zone protection
with three fault loops for phase-to-earth fault for
each of the independent zones. Individual settings
for each zone resistive and reactive reach give
flexibility for use on overhead lines and cables of
different types and lengths.
The Full-scheme distance protection, quadrilateral
for earth faults functions ZMMDPIS and
ZMMAPDIS have functionality for load
encroachment, which increases the possibility to
detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines .
The independent measurement of impedance for
each fault loop together with a sensitive and
reliable built in phase selection makes the
function suitable in applications with single phase
auto-reclosing.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
12 ABB

The distance protection zones can operate,
independent of each other, in directional (forward
or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes
them suitable, together with different
communication schemes, for the protection of
power lines and cables in complex network
configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-
terminal lines.
Directional impedance element for Mho
characteristic ZDMRDIR
The phase-to-earth impedance elements can be
optionally supervised by a phase unselective
directional function (phase unselective, because it
is based on symmetrical components).
Mho impedance supervision logic ZSMGAPC
The Mho impedance supervision logic
(ZSMGAPC) includes features for fault inception
detection and high SIR detection. It also includes
the functionality for loss of potential logic as well
as for the pilot channel blocking scheme.
ZSMGAPC can mainly be decomposed in two
different parts:
1. A fault inception detection logic
2. High SIR detection logic
Faulty phase identification with load
encroachment FMPSPDIS
The operation of transmission networks today is
in many cases close to the stability limit. Due to
environmental considerations the rate of
expansion and reinforcement of the power system
is reduced, for example difficulties to get
permission to build new power lines. The ability to
accurate and reliable classifying the different
types of fault so that single phase tripping and
autoreclosing can be used plays an important roll
in this matter.
The phase selection function is design to
accurately select the proper fault loop(s) in the
distance function dependent on the fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many
transmission networks may in some cases
interfere with the distance protection zone reach
and cause unwanted operation. Therefore the
function has a built in algorithm for load
encroachment, which gives the possibility to
enlarge the resistive setting of the measuring
zones without interfering with the load.
The output signals from the phase selection
function produce important information about
faulty phase(s), which can be used for fault
analysis as well.
Distance protection zone, quadrilateral
characteristic, separate settings ZMRPDIS,
ZMRAPDIS
The line distance protection is up to five zone full
scheme protection with three fault loops for
phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for
phase-to-earth fault for each of the independent
zones. Individual settings for each zone in
resistive and reactive reach gives flexibility for use
as back-up protection for transformer connected
to overhead lines and cables of different types
and lengths.
Mho alternative quadrilateral characteristic is
available.
ZMRPDIS together with Phase selection,
quadrilateral characteristic with settable angle
FRPSPDIS has functionality for load
encroachment, which increases the possibility to
detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines.
The distance protection zones can operate,
independent of each other, in directional (forward
or reverse) or non-directional mode.
Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with
settable angle FRPSPDIS
The operation of transmission networks today is
in many cases close to the stability limit. Due to
environmental considerations, the rate of
expansion and reinforcement of the power system
is reduced for example, difficulties to get
permission to build new power lines. The ability to
accurately and reliably classify the different types
of fault, so that single pole tripping and
autoreclosing can be used plays an important role
in this matter. The phase selection function is
designed to accurately select the proper fault
loop in the distance function dependent on the
fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many
transmission networks may make fault resistance
coverage difficult to achieve. Therefore, the
function has a built in algorithm for load
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
ABB 13

encroachment, which gives the possibility to
enlarge the resistive setting of both the phase
selection and the measuring zones without
interfering with the load.
The extensive output signals from the phase
selection gives also important information about
faulty phase(s) which can be used for fault
analysis.
A current-based phase selection is also included.
The measuring elements continuously measure
three phase currents and the residual current
and, compare them with the set values.
Power swing detection ZMRPSB
Power swings may occur after disconnection of
heavy loads or trip of big generation plants.
Power swing detection function (ZMRPSB) is
used to detect power swings and initiate block of
selected distance protection zones. Occurrence
of earth-fault currents during a power swing
inhibits the ZMRPSB function to allow fault
clearance.
Power swing logic ZMRPSL
Additional logic is available to secure tripping for
faults during power swings and prevent tripping at
power swings started by a fault in the network.
Pole slip protection PSPPPAM
Sudden events in an electrical power system such
as large changes in load, fault occurrence or fault
clearance, can cause power oscillations referred
to as power swings. In a non-recoverable
situation, the power swings become so severe
that the synchronism is lost, a condition referred
to as pole slipping. The main purpose of the pole
slip protection (PSPPPAM) is to detect, evaluate,
and take the required action for pole slipping
occurrences in the power system. The electrical
system parts swinging to each other can be
separated with the line/s closest to the centre of
the power swing allowing the two systems to be
stable as separated islands.
Phase preference logic PPLPHIZ
The optional phase preference logic main purpose
is to provide a selective tripping for cross-country
faults in isolated or high impedance-earthed
networks.
5. Current protection
Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection
PHPIOC
The instantaneous three phase overcurrent
function has a low transient overreach and short
tripping time to allow use as a high set short-
circuit protection function.
Four step phase overcurrent protection OC4PTOC
The four step phase overcurrent protection
function OC4PTOC has an inverse or definite time
delay independent for step 1 and 4 separately.
Step 2 and 3 are always definite time delayed.
All IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristics are
available together with an optional user defined
time characteristic.
The directional function is voltage polarized with
memory. The function can be set to be directional
or non-directional independently for each of the
steps.
A 2nd harmonic blocking can be set individually
for each step.
Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection
EFPIOC
The Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection
EFPIOC has a low transient overreach and short
tripping times to allow use for instantaneous earth-
fault protection, with the reach limited to less than
typical eighty percent of the transformer
impedance at minimum source impedance.
EFPIOC can be configured to measure the
residual current from the three-phase current
inputs or the current from a separate current
input. EFPIOC can be blocked by activating the
input BLOCK.
Four step residual overcurrent protection, zero
sequence and negative sequence direction
EF4PTOC
The four step residual overcurrent protection
EF4PTOC has an inverse or definite time delay
independent for each step separately.
All IEC and ANSI time-delayed characteristics are
available together with an optional user defined
characteristic.
EF4PTOC can be set directional or non-
directional independently for each of the steps.
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
Customized
Product version: 1.2
14 ABB

IDir, UPol and IPol can be independently selected
to be either zero sequence or negative sequence.
Second harmonic blocking can be set individually
for each step.
EF4PTOC can be configured to measure the
residual current from the three-phase current
inputs or the current from a separate current input.
Four step negative sequence overcurrent
protection NS4PTOC
Four step negative sequence overcurrent
protection (NS4PTOC) has an inverse or definite
time delay independent for each step separately.
All IEC and ANSI time delayed characteristics are
available together with an optional user defined
characteristic.
The directional function is voltage polarized or
dual polarized.
NS4PTOC can be set directional or non-
directional independently for each of the steps.
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and
power protection SDEPSDE
In isolated networks or in networks with high
impedance earthing, the earth fault current is
significantly smaller than the short circuit currents.
In addition to this, the magnitude of the fault
current is almost independent on the fault location
in the network. The protection can be selected to
use either the residual current or residual power
component 3U0·3I0·cos j, for operating quantity
with maintained short circuit capacity. There is
also available one nondirectional 3I0 step and one
3U0 overvoltage tripping step.
No specific sensitive current input is
needed.SDEPSDE can be set as low 0.25% of
IBase.
Thermal overload protection, one time constant
LPTTR
The increasing utilizing of the power system
closer to the thermal limits has generated a need
of a thermal overload protection also for power
lines.
A thermal overload will often not be detected by
other protection functions and the introduction of
the thermal overload protection can allow the
protected circuit to operate closer to the thermal
limits.
The three-phase current measuring protection
has an I2t characteristic with settable time
constant and a thermal memory..
An alarm level gives early warning to allow
operators to take action well before the line is
tripped.
Thermal overload protection, two time constant
TRPTTR
If a power transformer or generator reaches very
high temperatures the equipment might be
damaged. The insulation within the transformer/
generator will have forced ageing. As a
consequence of this the risk of internal phase-to-
phase or phase-to-earth faults will increase. High
temperature will degrade the quality of the
transformer/generator insulation.
The thermal overload protection estimates the
internal heat content of the transformer/generator
(temperature) continuously. This estimation is
made by using a thermal model of the transformer/
generator with two time constants, which is
based on current measurement.
Two warning levels are available. This enables
actions in the power system to be done before
dangerous temperatures are reached. If the
temperature continues to increase to the trip
value, the protection initiates a trip of the
protected transformer/generator.
Breaker failure protection CCRBRF
Breaker failure protection (CCRBRF) ensures fast
back-up tripping of surrounding breakers in case
the own breaker fails to open. CCRBRF can be
current based, contact based, or an adaptive
combination of these two conditions.
Current check with extremely short reset time is
used as check criterion to achieve high security
against unnecessary operation.
Contact check criteria can be used where the
fault current through the breaker is small.
CCRBRF can be single- or three-phase initiated
to allow use with single phase tripping
applications. For the three-phase version of
CCRBRF the current criteria can be set to operate
only if two out of four for example, two phases or
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one phase plus the residual current start. This
gives a higher security to the back-up trip
command.
CCRBRF function can be programmed to give a
single- or three-phase re-trip of the own breaker
to avoid unnecessary tripping of surrounding
breakers at an incorrect initiation due to mistakes
during testing.
Pole discordance protection CCRPLD
An open phase can cause negative and zero
sequence currents which cause thermal stress on
rotating machines and can cause unwanted
operation of zero sequence or negative sequence
current functions.
Normally the own breaker is tripped to correct
such a situation. If the situation persists the
surrounding breakers should be tripped to clear
the unsymmetrical load situation.
The Polediscordance protection function CCRPLD
operates based on information from auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker for the three
phases with additional criteria from unsymmetrical
phase currents when required.
Directional over/underpower protection
GOPPDOP/GUPPDUP
The directional over-/under-power protection
GOPPDOP/GUPPDUP can be used wherever a
high/low active, reactive or apparent power
protection or alarming is required. The functions
can alternatively be used to check the direction of
active or reactive power flow in the power system.
There are a number of applications where such
functionality is needed. Some of them are:
• detection of reversed active power flow
• detection of high reactive power flow
Each function has two steps with definite time
delay. Reset times for both steps can be set as
well.
Broken conductor check BRCPTOC
The main purpose of the function Broken
conductor check (BRCPTOC) is the detection of
broken conductors on protected power lines and
cables (series faults). Detection can be used to
give alarm only or trip the line breaker.
Capacitor bank protection (CBPGAPC)
Shunt Capacitor Banks (SCB) are used in a power
system to provide reactive power compensation
and power factor correction. They are as well
used as integral parts of Static Var Compensators
(SVC) or Harmonic Filters installations. Capacitor
bank protection (CBPGAPC) function is specially
designed to provide protection and supervision
features for SCBs.
Negative sequence time overcurrent protection
for machines NS2PTOC
Negative-sequence time overcurrent protection
for machines NS2PTOC is intended primarily for
the protection of generators against possible
overheating of the rotor caused by negative
sequence current in the stator current.
The negative sequence currents in a generator
may, among others, be caused by:
• Unbalanced loads
• Line to line faults
• Line to earth faults
• Broken conductors
• Malfunction of one or more poles of a circuit
breaker or a disconnector
NS2PTOC can also be used as a backup
protection, that is, to protect the generator in
case line protections or circuit breakers fail to
clear unbalanced system faults.
To provide an effective protection for the
generator for external unbalanced conditions,
NS2PTOC is able to directly measure the negative
sequence current. NS2PTOC also has a time
delay characteristic which matches the heating
characteristic of the generator
2
2
I t K=
as
defined in standard IEEE C50.13.
where:
I2is negative sequence current
expressed in per unit of the rated
generator current
t is operating time in seconds
K is a constant which depends of
the generators size and design
NS2PTOC has a wide range of K settings and the
sensitivity and capability of detecting and tripping
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
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for negative sequence currents down to the
continuous capability of a generator.
A separate output is available as an alarm feature
to warn the operator of a potentially dangerous
situation.
6. Voltage protection
Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV
Undervoltages can occur in the power system
during faults or abnormal conditions. Two step
undervoltage protection (UV2PTUV) function can
be used to open circuit breakers to prepare for
system restoration at power outages or as long-
time delayed back-up to primary protection.
UV2PTUV has two voltage steps, each with
inverse or definite time delay.
Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV
Overvoltages may occur in the power system
during abnormal conditions such as sudden
power loss, tap changer regulating failures, open
line ends on long lines etc.
Two step overvoltage protection (OV2PTOV)
function can be used to detect open line ends,
normally then combined with a directional reactive
over-power function to supervise the system
voltage. When triggered, the function will cause
an alarm, switch in reactors, or switch out
capacitor banks.
OV2PTOV has two voltage steps, each of them
with inverse or definite time delayed.
OV2PTOV has an extremely high reset ratio to
allow settings close to system service voltage.
Two step residual overvoltage protection
ROV2PTOV
Residual voltages may occur in the power system
during earth faults.
Two step residual overvoltage protection
ROV2PTOV function calculates the residual
voltage from the three-phase voltage input
transformers or measures it from a single voltage
input transformer fed from an open delta or
neutral point voltage transformer.
ROV2PTOV has two voltage steps, each with
inverse or definite time delay.
Reset delay ensures operation for intermittent
earth faults.
Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH
When the laminated core of a power transformer
or generator is subjected to a magnetic flux
density beyond its design limits, stray flux will flow
into non-laminated components not designed to
carry flux and cause eddy currents to flow. The
eddy currents can cause excessive heating and
severe damage to insulation and adjacent parts in
a relatively short time. The function has settable
inverse operating curves and independent alarm
stages.
Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV
A voltage differential monitoring function is
available. It compares the voltages from two three
phase sets of voltage transformers and has one
sensitive alarm step and one trip step.
Loss of voltage check LOVPTUV
Loss of voltage check (LOVPTUV) is suitable for
use in networks with an automatic system
restoration function. LOVPTUV issues a three-
pole trip command to the circuit breaker, if all
three phase voltages fall below the set value for a
time longer than the set time and the circuit
breaker remains closed.
7. Frequency protection
Underfrequency protection SAPTUF
Underfrequency occurs as a result of a lack of
generation in the network.
Underfrequency protection SAPTUF is used for
load shedding systems, remedial action schemes,
gas turbine startup and so on.
SAPTUF is also provided with undervoltage
blocking.
The operation is based on positive sequence
voltage measurement and requires two phase-
phase or three phase-neutral voltages to be
connected. For information about how to connect
analog inputs, refer to Application manual/IED
application/Analog inputs/Setting guidelines
Overfrequency protection SAPTOF
Overfrequency protection function SAPTOF is
applicable in all situations, where reliable
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detection of high fundamental power system
frequency is needed.
Overfrequency occurs because of sudden load
drops or shunt faults in the power network. Close
to the generating plant, generator governor
problems can also cause over frequency.
SAPTOF is used mainly for generation shedding
and remedial action schemes. It is also used as a
frequency stage initiating load restoring.
SAPTOF is provided with an undervoltage
blocking.
The operation is based on positive sequence
voltage measurement and requires two phase-
phase or three phase-neutral voltages to be
connected. For information about how to connect
analog inputs, refer to Application manual/IED
application/Analog inputs/Setting guidelines
Rate-of-change frequency protection SAPFRC
Rate-of-change frequency protection function
(SAPFRC) gives an early indication of a main
disturbance in the system. SAPFRC can be used
for generation shedding, load shedding and
remedial action schemes. SAPFRC can
discriminate between positive or negative change
of frequency.
SAPFRC is provided with an undervoltage
blocking. The operation is based on positive
sequence voltage measurement and requires two
phase-phase or three phase-neutral voltages to
be connected. For information about how to
connect analog inputs, refer to Application
manual/IED application/Analog inputs/Setting
guidelines.
8. Multipurpose protection
General current and voltage protection CVGAPC
The protection module is recommended as a
general backup protection with many possible
application areas due to its flexible measuring and
setting facilities.
The built-in overcurrent protection feature has two
settable current levels. Both of them can be used
either with definite time or inverse time
characteristic. The overcurrent protection steps
can be made directional with selectable voltage
polarizing quantity. Additionally they can be
voltage and/or current controlled/restrained. 2nd
harmonic restraining facility is available as well. At
too low polarizing voltage the overcurrent feature
can be either blocked, made non directional or
ordered to use voltage memory in accordance
with a parameter setting.
Additionally two overvoltage and two
undervoltage steps, either with definite time or
inverse time characteristic, are available within
each function.
The general function suits applications with
underimpedance and voltage controlled
overcurrent solutions. The general function can
also be utilized for generator transformer
protection applications where positive, negative
or zero sequence components of current and
voltage quantities are typically required.
9. Secondary system supervision
Current circuit supervision CCSRDIF
Open or short circuited current transformer cores
can cause unwanted operation of many
protection functions such as differential, earth-
fault current and negative-sequence current
functions.
It must be remembered that a blocking of
protection functions at an occurrence of open CT
circuit will mean that the situation will remain and
extremely high voltages will stress the secondary
circuit.
Current circuit supervision (CCSRDIF) compares
the residual current from a three phase set of
current transformer cores with the neutral point
current on a separate input taken from another
set of cores on the current transformer.
A detection of a difference indicates a fault in the
circuit and is used as alarm or to block protection
functions expected to give unwanted tripping.
Fuse failure supervision SDDRFUF
The aim of the fuse failure supervision function
(SDDRFUF) is to block voltage measuring
functions at failures in the secondary circuits
between the voltage transformer and the IED in
order to avoid unwanted operations that
otherwise might occur.
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The fuse failure supervision function basically has
three different algorithms, negative sequence and
zero sequence based algorithms and an
additional delta voltage and delta current
algorithm.
The negative sequence detection algorithm is
recommended for IEDs used in isolated or high-
impedance earthed networks. It is based on the
negative-sequence measuring quantities, a high
value of voltage 3U2 without the presence of the
negative-sequence current 3I2.
The zero sequence detection algorithm is
recommended for IEDs used in directly or low
impedance earthed networks. It is based on the
zero sequence measuring quantities, a high value
of voltage 3U0 without the presence of the
residual current 3I0.
For better adaptation to system requirements, an
operation mode setting has been introduced
which makes it possible to select the operating
conditions for negative sequence and zero
sequence based function. The selection of
different operation modes makes it possible to
choose different interaction possibilities between
the negative sequence and zero sequence based
algorithm.
A criterion based on delta current and delta
voltage measurements can be added to the fuse
failure supervision function in order to detect a
three phase fuse failure, which in practice is more
associated with voltage transformer switching
during station operations.
10. Control
Synchrocheck, energizing check, and
synchronizing SESRSYN
The Synchronizing function allows closing of
asynchronous networks at the correct moment
including the breaker closing time, which
improves the network stability.
Synchrocheck, energizing check, and
synchronizing (SESRSYN) function checks that
the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker
are in synchronism, or with at least one side dead
to ensure that closing can be done safely.
SESRSYN function includes a built-in voltage
selection scheme for double bus and 1½ breaker
or ring busbar arrangements.
Manual closing as well as automatic reclosing can
be checked by the function and can have different
settings.
For systems which are running asynchronous a
synchronizing function is provided. The main
purpose of the synchronizing function is to
provide controlled closing of circuit breakers
when two asynchronous systems are going to be
connected. It is used for slip frequencies that are
larger than those for synchrocheck and lower
than a set maximum level for the synchronizing
function.
Apparatus control APC
The apparatus control functions are used for
control and supervision of circuit breakers,
disconnectors and earthing switches within a bay.
Permission to operate is given after evaluation of
conditions from other functions such as
interlocking, synchrocheck, operator place
selection and external or internal blockings.
Apparatus control features:
• Select-Execute principle to give high reliability
• Selection function to prevent simultaneous
operation
• Selection and supervision of operator place
• Command supervision
• Block/deblock of operation
• Block/deblock of updating of position indications
• Substitution of position indications
• Overriding of interlocking functions
• Overriding of synchrocheck
• Operation counter
• Suppression of Mid position
Two types of command models can be used:
• Direct with normal security
• SBO (Select-Before-Operate) with enhanced
security
In normal security, the command is processed
and the resulting position is not supervised.
However with enhanced security, the command is
processed and the resulting position is supervised.
Normal security means that only the command is
evaluated and the resulting position is not
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
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supervised. Enhanced security means that the
command is evaluated with an additional
supervision of the status value of the control
object. The command security with enhanced
security is always terminated by a
CommandTermination service primitive.
Control operation can be performed from the
local HMI under authority control if so defined.
Voltage control TR1ATCC, TR8ATCC, TCMYLTC
and TCLYLTC
The voltage control functions, Automatic voltage
control for tap changer, single control TR1ATCC,
Automatic voltage control for tap changer ,
parallel control TR8ATCC and Tap changer
control and supervision, 6 binary inputs
TCMYLTC as well as Tap changer control and
supervision, 32 binary inputs TCLYLTC are used
for control of power transformers with a on-load
tap changer. The functions provide automatic
regulation of the voltage on the secondary side of
transformers or alternatively on a load point
further out in the network.
Control of a single transformer, as well as control
of up to eight transformers in parallel is possible.
For parallel control of power transformers, three
alternative methods are available, the master-
follower method, the circulating current method
and the reverse reactance method. The two
former methods require exchange of information
between the parallel transformers and this is
provided for within IEC61850-8-1.
Voltage control includes many extra features such
as possibility of to avoid simultaneous tapping of
parallel transformers, hot stand by regulation of a
transformer in a group which regulates it to a
correct tap position even though the LV CB is
open, compensation for a possible capacitor bank
on the LV side bay of a transformer, extensive tap
changer monitoring including contact wear and
hunting detection, monitoring of the power flow in
the transformer so that for example, the voltage
control can be blocked if the power reverses etc.
Logic rotating switch for function selection and
LHMI presentation SLGGIO
The logic rotating switch for function selection
and LHMI presentation (SLGGIO) (or the selector
switch function block) is used to get a selector
switch functionality similar to the one provided by
a hardware selector switch. Hardware selector
switches are used extensively by utilities, in order
to have different functions operating on pre-set
values. Hardware switches are however sources
for maintenance issues, lower system reliability
and an extended purchase portfolio. The logic
selector switches eliminate all these problems.
Selector mini switch VSGGIO
The Selector mini switch VSGGIO function block
is a multipurpose function used for a variety of
applications, as a general purpose switch.
VSGGIO can be controlled from the menu or from
a symbol on the single line diagram (SLD) on the
local HMI.
IEC 61850 generic communication I/O functions
DPGGIO
The IEC 61850 generic communication I/O
functions (DPGGIO) function block is used to
send double indications to other systems or
equipment in the substation. It is especially used
in the interlocking and reservation station-wide
logics.
Single point generic control 8 signals SPC8GGIO
The Single point generic control 8 signals
(SPC8GGIO) function block is a collection of 8
single point commands, designed to bring in
commands from REMOTE (SCADA) to those parts
of the logic configuration that do not need
extensive command receiving functionality (for
example, SCSWI). In this way, simple commands
can be sent directly to the IED outputs, without
confirmation. Confirmation (status) of the result of
the commands is supposed to be achieved by
other means, such as binary inputs and SPGGIO
function blocks. The commands can be pulsed or
steady.
AutomationBits, command function for DNP3.0
AUTOBITS
AutomationBits function for DNP3 (AUTOBITS) is
used within PCM600 to get into the configuration
of the commands coming through the DNP3
protocol. The AUTOBITS function plays the same
role as functions GOOSEBINRCV (for IEC 61850)
and MULTICMDRCV (for LON).
Single command, 16 signals
The IEDs can receive commands either from a
substation automation system or from the local
HMI. The command function block has outputs
that can be used, for example, to control high
Transformer protection RET670 1MRK 504 117-BEN D
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Product version: 1.2
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