Advanced Instruments 3320 User manual

The Advanced® Micro-Osmometer
Model 3320
User’s Guide
3325 Rev12 041417

Copyright
This user’s guide is copyrighted by Advanced Instruments with all
rights reserved. Under copyright laws, this guide may not be reproduced
in any form, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of
Advanced Instruments.
© 2005 Advanced Instruments
Windows®is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and other countries. Intel®is a registered trademark of
Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries. Teflon®is a
registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All
other trademarks are the property of Advanced Instruments.
Advanced Instruments has reviewed this guide thoroughly. All material
contained within is believed reliable, but the accuracy and completeness
are not guaranteed or warranted, and are not intended to be representa-
tions or warranties concerning the product described.
Hot-Line®Service
If you have any questions or problems regarding the proper operation of
your instrument, please contact our Hot-Line Service department:
•800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada; after normal
business hours, dial extension 2191)
•+US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
•781-320-0811 (fax)
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide

Table of Contents
Supplies, Parts & Accessories vii
Calibrators & Standards ix
Safe Use xi
Symbol conventions xi
General cautions xii
Foreword: Theory and Technique xv
Chapter 1 — Installation & Setup 1
Step 1 — Find a location for your instrument 1
Step 2 — Unpack your instrument 1
Step 3 — Obtain additional items 2
Step 4 — Power up your instrument 2
Step 5 — Set your date and time 5
Step 6 — Check your initial calibration 5
Step 7 — Proceed to instrument operation 5
Figure 1: Model 3320 Micro-Osmometer and Accessories 3
Figure 2: Self-Diagnostic Test Displays 4
Table 1: Model 3320 Micro-Osmometer Packing List 3
Chapter 2 — Instrument Operation 7
Hazardous material cautions 7
Function of major components 7
Sample handling 11
Standards & controls 11
Sample test procedure 12
Repeatability tips 14
iii

Sample test errors 16
Using a barcode scanner 16
Using a printer with your instrument 17
Using the RS-232 port 17
Instrument software update 18
Figure 3: Model 3320 Components and Controls 8
Figure 4: Model 3320 Back Panel 10
Figure 5: Sampler Tips and Sample Levels 13
Figure 6: Sample Test Procedure 15
Chapter 3 — Calibration 19
Understanding calibration 19
Calibration procedure 19
Calibration notes 20
Chapter 4 — User Interface 23
Test Menu 24
Calibration Menu 24
Utilities Menu 24
Diagnostics Menu 25
Setup Menu 25
Figure 7: User Interface 23
Table 2: Model 3320 Menus and Sub-Menus 23
Chapter 5 — Troubleshooting & Service 27
Service & maintenance cautions 27
Obtaining service 29
Troubleshooting checks 30
Using the Diagnostics menu 30
Maintaining the instrument 32
Fuse replacement 32
Chamber cleaning 33
Solenoid cleaning 34
Sampler plunger wire replacement and verification 38
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide

Figure 8: Fuse Replacement 33
Figure 9: Solenoid Cover 35
Figure 10: Solenoid Assembly 36
Figure 11: Solenoid Plunger 36
Figure 12: Solenoid Impactor 37
Figure 13: Sampler Plunger Wire Replacement and Calibration 38
Appendices
Appendix A: Troubleshooting Table 41
Appendix B: Product Specifications 45
Appendix C: Regulatory Notices 47
Appendix D: Warranty and Warranty Duties 51
Appendix E: Supplemental RS-232 Information 55
Appendix F: Symbol Definitions 57
Appendix G: Product Disposal and Recycling 61
Appendix H: Laboratory Information Management System
(LIMS) Interface 63
Appendix I: Service Log 69
Index 71
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Table of Contents

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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
Notes:

Supplies, Parts &
Accessories
vii
To order supplies, parts and accessories, contact the Advanced
Instruments Customer Service Department:
• 800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada)
• +US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
• 781-320-3669 (fax)
PART DESCRIPTION
Micro-Sample Test Kit (500 tests)
Sampler Plunger Wires (2)
Printer Paper (5 rolls)
20-µL Ease-Eject™ Sampler
Replacement Sample Probe
Thermal Printer with Interface Cable, Operation Manual,
Thermal Paper Roll, and Printer Power Supply (100-120
VAC)
Thermal Printer with Interface Cable, Operation Manual,
Thermal Paper Roll, and Printer Power Supply (230 VAC)
Serial Cable
Barcode Scanner
User’s Guide
Service Manual
PART NO.
3MA800
3M0828
3D3835
3M0825
330700
210555_NA
210555_EU
RS232-Cable
330016
3325
3325SM

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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
Notes:

ix
Calibrators & Standards
To order calibrators and standards, contact the Advanced
Instruments Customer Service Department:
• 800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada)
• +US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
• 781-320-3669 (fax)
DESCRIPTION
ClinitrolTM Reference Solution (10 X 2mL ampules, 290
mOsm/kg)
Protinol®3-Level Protein Control Kit (9 X 3mL bottles, 3 of
each level: 240, 280 and 320 mOsm/kg)
Renol™ Urine Osmolality Controls (8 X 3mL bottles, 4 of
each level: 300 and 800 mOsm/kg)
5-Value Osmolality Linearity Set (10 X 5mL ampules, 2 of
each value: 100, 500, 900, 1500, and 2000 mOsm/kg)
50 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (10 X 2mL ampules)
850 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (10 X 2mL ampules)
2000 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (10 X 5mL ampules)
PART NO.
3MA029
3MA028
3LA085
3LA028
3MA005
3MA085
3LA201
NOTE Advanced Instruments cannot guarantee the stated
instrument performance specifications and accuracy of
test results unless Advanced Instruments brand consum-
ables are used with the instrument. Use of consumables
from manufacturers other than Advanced Instruments is

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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
not recommended and may adversely affect system calibration,
performance, operation, and accuracy of test results. For infor-
mation on obtaining these standards and controls, contact
Advanced Instruments or an authorized representative.

Safe Use
To reduce the risk of bodily injury, electric shock, fire, and
damage to your instrument, please read and observe the precau-
tions in this User’s Guide.
• If the product is used in a manner not in accordance with
the equipment design, operating instructions or manufactur-
er's recommendations, the operation of the product may be
impaired to the extent that a safety hazard is created.
•Do not attempt to perform electrical work if you are not
fully qualified. This manual is not a substitute for electrical
training.
Symbol conventions
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important operat-
ing and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature
accompanying this product.
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equi-
lateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of
uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product's enclosure
that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute risk of elec-
tric shock to persons.
The static symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to
alert the user to the presence of internal components that
could be damaged by static electricity.
This static symbol is intended to alert the user to the pres-
ence of a specific component that could be damaged by stat-
ic electricity.
xi

This symbol indicates the presence of alternating current (AC).
This symbol indicates the presence of a fuse.
This symbol indicates the presence of protective earth ground.
This symbol indicates the power is ON.
This symbol indicates the power is OFF.
General cautions
• This product should be operated only with the type of power source
indicated on the product’s electrical ratings label. Refer to the
installation instructions included with the product.
• If the power cord provided is replaced for any reason or if an alter-
nate cord is used, the cord must be approved for use in the local
country. The power cord must be approved for the product’s listed
operating voltage and be rated at least 20% greater than the ampere
ratings marked on the product’s electrical ratings label. The cord
end that connects to the product must have an IEC 60320 connec-
tor.
• Plug the product into an approved grounded electrical outlet.
• Do not disable the power cord’s grounding plug.
• If an extension cord or power strip is used, make sure that the cord
or strip is rated for the product, and that the total ampere ratings of
all products plugged into the extension cord or strip do not exceed
80% of the cord’s or strip’s rating limit.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide

• Route power cords so that they will not be walked on, tripped on,
or pinched by items placed upon or against them. Pay particular
attention to the plug, electrical outlet, and the point where the cord
exits the product.
• Do not pull on cords and cables. When unplugging cords or cables,
grasp the corresponding connector.
• This product contains an integral lithium battery for memory back-
up. This battery is non-rechargeable and may only be replaced by
qualified service personnel. This battery contains less than 1 gram
of lithium per unit, but may require certain statements or declara-
tions prior to shipment on aircraft, ship or train.
• Do not install or use this product in any area subject to extreme
short-term temperature variations, or locations that exceed the spec-
ified operating environment temperatures.
• Never use this product in a wet area.
• To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not operate this product in an
explosive atmosphere.
• Do not install or use the product on an unstable, non-level work
surface.
• Do not operate this product with the covers removed or unsecured.
FCC Requirements
• WARNING: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly
approved by Advanced Instruments could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment.
• This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commer-
cial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
xiii
Safe Use

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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Canadian ICES Requirements
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-
003 du Canada.

Foreword
xv
Intended Use
Advanced®Osmometers use the technique of freezing-point
depression to measure osmolality. Osmolality is the total solute
concentration of an aqueous solution. Osmometers measure the
number of solute particles irrespective of molecular weight or
ionic charge. This information is useful to the following disci-
plines:
Clinical, emergency and sports medicine
Medical research
Biotechnology and pharmaceutical research and
manufacturing
Food and beverage manufacturing
Environmental research and monitoring
Academic research
Industrial applications
When used by a trained operator in clinical applications, the
osmometer provides results that assist in establishing the proper
diagnoses and treatments for patients with disorders involving
water and electrolyte imbalances. Osmometers will test virtual-
ly any biological fluid including, but not limited to, whole
blood, plasma, urine, feces, sweat, and tissue homogenate.
Osmolality is a non-waived test method, according to CLIA
guidelines.

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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
Principles of Freezing-Point Osmometry
When a solute is dissolved in a pure solvent, the following changes in
the solution's properties occur:
•the freezing point is depressed,
•boiling point is raised,
•osmotic pressure is increased, and
•vapor pressure is lowered.
These are the so-called "colligative" or concentrative properties of the
solution which, within reasonable limits, change in direct proportion to
the solute concentration; in other words, the number of particles in solu-
tion.
Of the colligative properties, measurement of the freezing point allows
the concentration of an aqueous solution to be easily determined with
great precision.
The freezing point of pure H2O is precisely +0.010°C. One mole of a
non-dissociating solute such as glucose (where the solute does not dis-
sociate into ionic species, but remains intact), when dissolved in 1 kilo-
gram (kg) of water will depress the freezing point by 1.858°C. This
change is known as the freezing point depression constant for water.
The freezing point depression also depends upon the degree of dissoci-
ation of the solute. If the solute is ionic, the freezing point is depressed
by 1.858°C for each ionic species. For example, if one mole of sodium
chloride were to completely dissociate into two ionic species (Na+ and
Cl-) in 1 kg of water, the freezing point would be depressed by
3.716°C. However, dissociation is never complete. Interference
between solute molecules reduces dissociation by a factor called the
osmotic coefficient.

xvii
In a simple solution such as glucose or sodium chloride in water, the
freezing point can be measured and the unit concentration easily deter-
mined from an equation or a reference table. However, the equation is
unique for each solute. In a more complex solution, all ionized and
non-dissociated species contribute to the freezing-point depression and
the concentration of each solute cannot be easily determined.
Each of the colligative properties has a similar problem, and though
each of the colligative properties changes in direct proportion to the
solute concentration, each requires a different mode & unit of measure-
ment. Osmolality is a common unit of concentration measurement that
can be used to relate all the colligative properties to each other, and to
other concentration units. Because of its universality, most osmometry
applications regularly use osmolality, expressed as "mOsm/kg H2O", as
the common unit of concentration rather than applying further conver-
sion factors.
Instrumentation
Advanced Osmometers are devices for the determination of the concen-
tration of solutions by means of freezing-point measurement.
Advanced Osmometers utilize high-precision thermisters to sense the
sample temperature, to control the degree of supercooling and freeze
induction, and to measure the freezing point of the sample. They can
routinely determine differences of ±1 mOsm/kg H2O.
Freezing-Point Thermodynamics
The quickest and most precise way to measure the freezing point of a
solution is to supercool it several degrees below its freezing point. It is
unstable in this state, and a mechanical agitation induces crystallization.
The heat of fusion suddenly liberated causes the sample temperature to
rise toward a plateau temperature, where a liquid/solid equilibrium
occurs. The equilibrium temperature is, by definition, the freezing point
Foreword

of the solution. Managing the plateau temperature for precise measure-
ment is the basis for several patents issued to Augustus Fiske.
The time over which liquid/solid equilibrium develops and is main-
tained, is a function of the speed with which the heat-of-fusion is liber-
ated vs. the speed it is transferred away, or absorbed, by the surrounding
environment. This ratio can be slowed and the equilibrium time
stretched, to give a distinct plateau height measurable to 0.001°C.
Sensitive thermistor probes monitor the sample temperature and control
the thermoelectric cooling element. Microprocessor control and auto-
mated operation minimize imprecision due to operator technique.
The following Standard Freezing Curve illustrates the temperature of a
sample as it progresses through the freezing cycle and shows the action
of the instrument at each stage of the cycle.
Definitions
Solution: A homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent in which the
solvent is usually the major component, and the solute is the minor
component.
Concentration: The ratio of solute to a given amount of solvent
(molal), or ratio of solute to solution (molar).
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide
Standard Freezing Curve

The amount of solute is usually expressed in terms of moles, i.e., gram
molecular weights. One mole = 6.028 x 1023 molecules (Avogadro's
number). One mole of glucose (180.2 g) and one mole of sodium chlo-
ride (58.4 g) each contain Avogadro's number of molecules.
Common units of concentration are:
• Molality: Moles of solute per kilogram of pure solvent.
• Osmolality: Osmols of solute particles per kilogram of pure sol-
vent. As noted above, most ionic solutes do not completely dis-
sociate. Osmolality is a unit of concentration that takes into
account the dissociative effect. Osmolality is usually expressed
in mOsm/kg H2O. One milliosmol (mOsm) is 10-3 osmols.
Osmolality is defined as:
where:
ø= osmotic coefficient, which accounts for the degree of mole-
cular dissociation.
n= number of particles into which a molecule can dissociate.
C= molal concentration of the solution.
• Molarity: Moles of solute per liter of solution.
• Osmolarity: Osmols of solute particles per liter of solution.
Although molarity and osmolarity may be common units of
measurement in other branches of chemistry, they are not used in
osmometry because the ratio of solute to solution is not linear.
Molality and osmolality are linear, independent of the effect of
temperature and volume displaced by solute. A calculated con-
version between units of molality and molarity is complex and
generally unnecessary when the terms are properly understood.
xix
Foreword
kg HO
2
Osmolality
= φ
nC
=
osmol

Freezing Point/Melting Point: The temperature at which the liquid
and solid phases of a substance will remain together in equilibrium.
Freezing-Point Depression: When a solute is added to a solvent, the
freezing point of the solvent is lowered. In aqueous solutions, one
mOsm of solute per kilogram of water depresses the freezing point by
1.858 millidegrees Celsius (m°C).
Supercooling: The tendency of a substance to remain in the liquid state
when cooled below its freezing point.
Crystallization Temperature: Aqueous solutions can be induced to
freeze (i.e., crystallize) most reliably when supercooled. When super-
cooled, agitating the solution (freeze pulse) induces crystal formation.
The crystallization temperature is the temperature at which crystalliza-
tion is induced. During crystallization, the heat of fusion raises the tem-
perature of the sample to an ice/water freezing-point plateau.
Heat of Fusion: The heat released when the mobile molecules of a liq-
uid are frozen into rigid ice crystals.
Freezing-Point Plateau: The constant temperature maintained during
the time that ice and liquid exist in isothermal equilibrium after crystal-
lization occurs.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3320 User’s Guide