Agilent Technologies 81591B User manual

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Agilent Technologies
Agilent 81591B , 81594B , 81595B
Optical Switches
User's Guide
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Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2002-2005
No part of this manual may be reproduced
in any form or by any means (including
electronic storage and retrieval or transla
tion into a foreign language) without prior
agreement and written consent from Agi
lent Technologies, Inc. as governed by
United States and international copyright
laws.
Manual Part Number
81591-90B01
Edition
Fourth edition, September 2005
Third edition, December 2004
Second edition, July 2004
First edition, March 2002
Printed in Germany
Agilent Technologies, Deutschland GmbH
Herrenberger Straße 130
71034 Böblingen
Germany
Warranty
The material contained in this docu
ment is provided "as is", and is sub
ject to being changed, without notice,
in future editions. Further, to the max
imum extent permitted by applicable
law, Agilent disclaims all warran
ties, either express or implied, with
regard to this manual and any infor
mation contained herein, including
but not limited to the implied warran
ties of merchantability and fitness for
a particular purpose. Agilent shall not
be liable for errors or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection
with the furnishing, use, or perfor
mance of this document or of any
information contained herein. Should
Agilent and the user have a separate
written agreement with warranty
terms covering the material in this
document that conflict with these
terms, the warranty terms in the sep
arate agreement shall control.
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in
this document are furnished under a
license and may be used or copied only in
accordance with the terms of such license.
Restricted Rights Legend
If software is for use in the performance of a
U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract,
Software is delivered and licensed as “Commer-
cial computer software” as defined in DFAR
252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commer-
cial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) or as
“Restricted computer software” as defined in
FAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent
agency regulation or contract clause. Use, dupli-
cation or disclosure of Software is subject to
Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial
license terms, and non-DOD Departments and
Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no
greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR
52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Govern-
ment users will receive no greater than Limited
Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June
1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (Novem-
ber 1995), as applicable in any technical data.
Safety Notices
CAUTION
A CAUTION notice denotes a haz
ard. It calls attention to an operat
ing procedure, practice, or the like
that, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage
to the product or loss of important
data. Do not proceed beyond a
CAUTION notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and
met.
WARNING
A WARNING notice denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly per
formed or adhered to, could result
in personal injury or death. Do not
proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated condi
tions are fully understood and met.
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Warnings and Notices
WARNING To avoid the possibility of injury or death, you must observe the following
precautions before switching on the instrument.
Insert the power cable plug only into a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Do not negate this protective action by the
using an extension cord without a protective conductor.
WARNING Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical output or an
optical cable attached to the optical outputs of the device when a
connected laser source is operational. The laser radiation can seriously
damage your eyesight.
WARNING Read and understand the Laser safety information of any Laser source
which is connected to the optical switch.
WARNING Refer servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.
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Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices
For more information about Agilent Technologies test and measurement
products, applications, services, and for a current sales office listing, visit
our web site:
http://www.agilent.com/comms/lightwave
You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and
measurement sales representative.
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1 800 829 4433 (FAX)
Canada: 1 877 894 4414
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(43 20) 547 2190 (FAX)
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[phone] (FAX)
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Asia-Pacific: (852) 3197 7889
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Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 5
Contents
Getting Started 7
Introduction 8
How to Toggle the Switch Path 9
Typical Applications 10
Accessories 13
Modules and Options 14
Specifications 15
Definition of Terms 16
Actuation Cycle 16
Crosstalk 16
Insertion loss (IL) 17
Maximum Input power 17
Operating Temperature 18
Polarization dependent loss (PDL) 18
Reference Connector 18
Repeatability 18
Return loss 19
Switching Time 19
Wavelength range 20
Specifications 21
Performance Tests 23
Required Test Equipment 24
Test Record 25
Test Failure 25
Instrument Specification 25
Performance Test Procedures 26
Insertion Loss Test 27
Repeatability Test 30
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6Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
Cleaning Information 35
Cleaning Instructions 36
Safety Precautions 36
Why is it important to clean optical devices ? 37
What do I need for proper cleaning? 38
Preserving Connectors 42
Cleaning Instrument Housings 42
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? 43
How to clean connectors 44
How to clean connector interfaces 45
How to clean bare fiber adapters 46
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface 47
Additional Cleaning Information 48
Other Cleaning Hints 49
Environmental Information 50
Index 51
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Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 7
1
Getting Started
This chapter contains an introductory description of the modules and aims
to make the modules familair to you.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
How to Toggle the Switch Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Typical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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Getting Started Introduction
8Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
Introduction
The optical switch module allows you to fully automate your signal routing
during tests. By operating the switch you can change the optical routes
during a test without having to disconnect and reconnect fibers, this can
greatly reduce the test duration and helps to reduce contamination of
fibers and connectors. This means for instance, that you can select one of
several sources, you can select one of several measurement instruments,
you can switch between devices being tested, or uickly change from a
calibration path to a measurement path.
Figure 1 Front View of Switch Module
There are 3 different switch types (1x2, 2x2 and 1x4) available and each of
these are supplied in versions for either single mode with angled FC/APC -
R (narrow keying) connectors or multimode with straight FC/PC
connectors. For all switch modules the signal paths are bi-directional.
Manual
toggle
buttons
Switch
position
LEDs
Ports
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Introduction Getting Started
Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 9
Figure 2 Switch Module Configurations
How to Toggle the Switch Path
You can use [Toggle] softkey in the mainframe User Interface, or the
Toggle button located on the Optical Switch module front panel, to select
each of the available routes for a channel in turn.
81591B: 1 x 2 81594B: 2 x 2 (Crossover)
81595B: 1 x 4
The route selected between port A and another numbered port is indicated
in the user interface and by two lit green LEDs on the front panel of the
Optical Switch module.
The route selected between port B, if present, and another numbered port
is indicated in the user interface and by two lit amber LEDs on the front
panel of the Optical Switch module.
NOTE
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Getting Started Introduction
10 Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
Typical Applications
The following section shows just a few of the possibilities available for use
of the switch modules to achieve better test automation, and test
repeatability.
1 x 2 Switch
Select one of two different sources (different wavelengths) as the input to
the DUT.
Figure 3 Laser source selection
Select different measurement and analysis paths. In the following diagram
the switch is used to select between the measurement path and the
calibration path.
Figure 4 Measurement path selection
1310 nm source
1550 nm source DUT
automated control
measurement
and analysis
equipment
Power Meter
DUT
automated control
measurement
and analysis
equipment
Source
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Introduction Getting Started
Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 11
2 x 2 Switch
Select an optional optical path, in the case shown here it is a fiber spool.
Figure 5 Circuit selection with crossover switch
(for example in dispersion penalty test setup)
input
signal output
input
signal output
fiber spool
fiber spool
Bypass position
Insert position
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Getting Started Introduction
12 Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
1 x 4 Switch
Select one from several test objects in parallel test setups, as shown in the
following diagram.
Figure 6 Selection of one from several DUTs in parallel test setups
Alternatively this switch can be used to automatically select one from up
to four different analyzing instruments. Once again there are advantages to
be gained through the speed in changing the test setup, and the
repeatability of measurements.
Figure 7 Selection of one from several analyzing instruments
DUT
DUT
DUT
DUT
Source Analyzing
Instruments
1 x 4 switch 1 x 4 switch
DUT
Source WLM
OSA
Power meter
BERT
1 x 4 switch
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Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 13
2
Accessories
The Agilent 81591B, 81594B and 81595B optical switch modules are
available in option addressing single mode and multimode applications.
This chapter provides information on the available options.
Modules and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
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Accessories Modules and Options
14 Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
Modules and Options
Figure 8 shows all the options that are available for all optical switch
modules and the instruments that support these modules.
Figure 8 Optical Switch Modules and Options
Modules
The Optical Switch modules are available in the types shown in the table
below.
Options
The following options are available with the optical switch modules.
Option 009 For the 8159xB modules, the optical switch comes with fixed
FC/APC - R (narrow key) angled connectors for single mode optical fiber
interface.
Option 062 For the 8159xB modules, the optical switch comes with fixed
FC/PC straight connectors for multimode optical fiber interfaces.
Agilent
Angled FC connectors for single mode fibers
OPTICAL SWITCH MODULES
81591B #009
1x2
Agilent
81594B #009
2x2
Agilent
81595B #009
1x4
Agilent
Straight FC connectors for multimode fibers
81591B #062
1x2
Agilent
81594B #062
2x2
Agilent
81595B #062
1x4
Table 1 Optical Switch Modules
Optical Switch Modules
Model Number Description
Agilent 81591B Optical Switch 1 x 2
Agilent 81594B Optical Switch 2 x 2 (crossover)
Agilent 81595B Optical Switch 1 x 4
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Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 15
3
Specifications
Agilent 81591B, 81594B, 81595B optical switch modules are produced to
the ISO 9001 international uality system standard as part of Agilent’s
commitment to continually increasing customer satisfaction through
improved uality control.
Specifications describe the modules warranted performance.
Supplementary performance characteristics describe the modules non-
warranted typical performance.
Because of the modular nature of the instrument, these performance
specifications apply to these modules rather than the mainframe unit.
Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Crosstalk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Insertion loss (IL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Maximum Input power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Polarization dependent loss (PDL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Reference Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Return loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Switching Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Wavelength range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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Specifications Definition of Terms
16 Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition
Definition of Terms
This section defines terms that are used both in this chapter and in
“Performance Tests” on page 23.
Specification: describes a guaranteed product performance that is valid
under the specified conditions. (The confidence level used is 95%, as
recommended by the ISO standard).
Typical value: a characteristic describing the product performance that is
usually met but not guaranteed.
Actuation Cycle
A consecutive transition through all switch-states.
Mea surement principles are indica ted. Al ternativ e measurem ent principles of equ al value are also accepta ble.
Crosstalk
The maximum ratio between the power on a non-selected output port and
the incident power on any input port, expressed in dB.
The cross talk xi for any output port i is calculated from:
where:
Pa = power measured at the end of the two patch cords (see drawing)
Pj = power measured at the switch output port.
MAX{} is the maximum value over all non-transmitting switch positions
and all input ports.
Figure 9 Crosstalk measurement Setup
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Definition of Terms Specifications
Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch Modules, Fourth Edition 17
Insertion loss (IL)
The change of power level after inserting the optical switch set to
transmission between two connectorized patchcords, expressed in dB.
The insertion loss from input port i to output port j is calculated from:
where:
Pa = ower measured at the end of the two connected patch cords (see
drawing).
Pbi,j = power measured at the switch output port j.
Figure 10 Insertion Loss Test Setup
Conditions: Wavelength as specified. Using patchcords with high uality
connectors in perfect optical condition.
Maximum Input power
The input power level for which the specifications apply and that can be
applied to the optical switch without permanent change of its
characteristics.
Insertion loss includes the loss of one additional connection.
NOTE
Applying more than the specified maximum input power may
damage the device!
CAUTION
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