Analytical Technology Q46D User manual

ModelQ46D
Optical D.O. Monitor
System
HomeOfficeEuropeanOffice
AnalyticalTechnology,Inc.ATI(UK)Limited
6Iron BridgeDriveUnit 1& 2GateheadBusiness Park
Collegeville, PA 19426 Delph NewRoad, Delph
SaddleworthOL3 5DE
Ph: 800-959-0299Ph: [phone]
610-917-0991
Fax: [phone]Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]: [e-mail]

PRODUCT WARRANTY
AnalyticalTechnology,Inc.(Manufacturer) warrantstothe Customerthatifanypart(s)
ofthe Manufacturer's equipmentprovestobe defectiveinmaterialsorworkmanship
withinthe earlierof18 monthsof the dateof shipmentor12monthsof the dateofstart-
up,suchdefectivepartswillbe repaired orreplacedfreeofcharge.Inspectionand
repairstoproductsthoughttobe defectivewithinthewarrantyperiodwillbe completed
atthe Manufacturer's facilitiesinCollegeville,PA. Productson whichwarrantyrepairs
arerequired shall be shippedfreight prepaidtothe Manufacturer. The product(s)willbe
returnedfreightprepaidandallowed ifitisdeterminedbythe manufacturerthatthe
part(s)failed duetodefectivematerialsorworkmanship.
Thiswarrantydoesnotcoverconsumableitems,batteries,orwearitemssubject
toperiodicreplacement includinglampsandfuses.
Gassensorscarrya12 monthsfromdateofshipmentwarrantyandaresubject
toinspectionforevidenceofmisuse,abuse,alteration,improperstorage,orextended
exposuretoexcessivegasconcentrations.Shouldinspection indicatethatsensors
havefailed duetoanyoftheabove, the warrantyshall notapply.
TheManufacturerassumesnoliabilityforconsequentialdamagesofanykind,
and thebuyerbyacceptanceofthisequipmentwill assumeall liabilityforthe
consequencesofitsuseormisusebythe Customer, hisemployees, orothers. A defect
withinthe meaningofthiswarrantyisanypartofanypieceofaManufacturer's product
whichshall,when suchpartiscapableof beingrenewed,repaired,orreplaced,operate
tocondemnsuchpieceofequipment.
Thiswarrantyisinlieu ofall otherwarranties(includingwithoutlimitingthe
generalityofthe foregoingwarrantiesofmerchantabilityand fitness foraparticular
purpose),guarantees,obligationsorliabilitiesexpressed orimplied bythe Manufacturer
oritsrepresentativesand bystatuteorruleoflaw.
Thiswarrantyisvoidifthe Manufacturer's product(s)hasbeensubjecttomisuse
orabuse,orhasnotbeen operatedorstoredinaccordancewithinstructions,orifthe
serialnumberhasbeenremoved.
AnalyticalTechnology, Inc. makesnootherwarrantyexpressed orimpliedexcept
asstated above.

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Table of Contents
PART1-INTRODUCTION................................5
1.1General................................................ 5
1.2StandardSystem................................. 5
1.3Features.............................................. 5
1.4Q46D/60 SystemSpecifications.......... 6
1.5Q46DPerformanceSpecifications...... 8
PART2– ANALYZERMOUNTING.....................9
2.1General................................................ 9
2.2Wall orPipe Mount........................... 10
2.3PanelMount...................................... 12
PART3– OPTICALD.O.SENSOR....................13
3.1 General.................................................. 13
3.2 Optical Sensing...................................... 14
3.3SubmersionMounting...................... 15
PART4– ELECTRICALINSTALLATION.............17
4.1General.............................................. 17
4.2ACPoweredInstrumentWiring ........ 18
4.5SensorWiring.................................... 22
4.5JunctionBoxConnection................... 24
PART5– CONFIGURATION...........................25
5.1UserInterface................................... 25
5.11Keys................................................... 26
5.12Display............................................... 26
5.2Software............................................ 28
5.21Software Navigation......................... 28
5.22Measure Menu [MEASURE].............. 31
5.23CalibrationMenu [CAL]....................... 32
5.24ConfigurationMenu [CONFIG]......... 33
5.25ControlMenu [CONTROL]................. 38
5.26Diagnostics Menu [DIAG]................... 43
PART6– CALIBRATION.................................48
6.1 General................................................. 48
6.11D.O.SpanCal (1-spl)......................... 48
6.12DissolvedOxygenAir SpanCal (%sat)..
.......................................................... 50
6.13DissolvedOxygenZeroCal................ 51
6.2TemperatureCalibration.................. 52
PART7– PIDCONTROLLER DETAILS..............54
7.1PIDDescription................................. 54
7.2PIDAlgorithm.................................... 54
7.3Classical PIDTuning .......................... 56
7.4Manual PIDOverride Control........... 57
7.5CommonPIDPitfalls......................... 57
PART8– SYSTEMMAINTENANCE.................59
8.1General............................................. 59
8.2AnalyzerMaintenance...................... 59
8.3SensorMaintenance......................... 59
PART9– TROUBLESHOOTING.......................60
9.1General............................................. 60
9.2External SourcesofProblems........... 60
9.3AnalyzerTests................................... 61
9.31DisplayMessages.............................. 62
9.4SensorTests...................................... 64
SPAREPARTS...............................................68

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Table of Figures
FIGURE 1-Q46 ENCLOSURE DIMENSIONS .....................................................................................9
FIGURE 2-WALLOR PIPE MOUNT BRACKET ................................................................................10
FIGURE 3-WALL MOUNTING DIAGRAM ........................................................................................11
FIGURE 4-PIPE MOUNTING DIAGRAM..........................................................................................11
FIGURE 5-PANEL MOUNT INSTALLATION .....................................................................................12
FIGURE 6-SUBMERSIBLE D.O. SENSOR ASSEMBLY .....................................................................13
FIGURE 7-OPTICAL SENSOR ELEMENT .......................................................................................14
FIGURE 8-SUBMERSIBLE SENSOR MOUNTING ASSY ....................................................................15
FIGURE 9-MOUNTING ASSEMBLY DETAIL ....................................................................................16
FIGURE 10 -LINE POWER CONNECTION .......................................................................................19
FIGURE 11 -RELAY CONTACTS ...................................................................................................20
FIGURE 12 -OPTIONAL RELAY BOARD WIRING .............................................................................21
FIGURE 13 -OPTIONAL 3RD ANALOG OUTPUT ..............................................................................21
FIGURE 14 -SENSOR WIRING......................................................................................................23
FIGURE 15 -JUNCTION BOX INTERCONNECT WIRING ....................................................................24
FIGURE 16 -USER INTERFACE.....................................................................................................25
FIGURE 17 -SOFTWARE MAP ......................................................................................................30
FIGURE 18 -CONTROL RELAY HYS &PHASE OPTION ...................................................................41
FIGURE 19 -ALARM RELAY EXAMPLE ..........................................................................................42
FIGURE 20 -Q46 ISA (IDEAL)EQUATION .....................................................................................55
FIGURE 21 -Q46D DISPLAY MESSAGES ......................................................................................63
FIGURE 22 -PT1000 RTD TABLE ................................................................................................65
FIGURE 23 -REFERENCE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CONVERSION ..................................................66
FIGURE 24 -REFERENCE OXYGEN SOLUBILITY TABLE ..................................................................67

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Part 1 - Introduction
1.1General
TheModelQ46Disaversatileon-line monitoringsystemdesigned forthe
continuousmeasurementofdissolved oxygen insolution.Thefull scale
operatingrangeofthe system0-40 ppm,andthe sensingsystemwill operateon
waterstreamswithtemperaturesrangingfrom0to50°C.
WhiletheQ46Dmaybe usedwitheitheropticaloxygen orgalvanicmembrane
sensors, thismanualisspecificforsystemsutilizingATI’sopticalD.O. sensor.
Q46DMonitorsareavailableintwoelectronicversions,an ACpowered monitor
withintegralalarmrelaysand dual4-20 mAoutputcapability,and a12-24 VDC
unitwithdualoutputand relays.Optionsareavailabletoaddeitherathird4-20
mAoutputor3additionallowpowerSPSTrelays.Inaddition,adigitaloutput
optionforProfibus, Modbus,orEthernet isavailable.
1.2Standard System
ThestandardmodelQ46Dsystemincludestwocomponents,theQ46Danalyzer
and anopticaldissolved oxygen (ODO)sensor.Forconnection ofthe sensorto
the electronics,a30'(9m)cableissupplied.Uptoatotallengthof200 feet(61
m)ofcablemaybe added using#07-0100junction boxand#31-0038 cable.
1.3Features
·Q46Dmonitorsareavailableineither90-260VACor12-24 VDC powersupply
systems. All featuresremainthesameinbothvariations
·Highaccuracy, highsensitivitysystem,measuresfrom0.1ppmto40.0ppm
through2internalautomaticranges.
·Output Hold, Output Simulate, OutputAlarm, and Output DelayFunctions. All
forced changesinoutput conditionincludebumpless transfertoprovide gradual
returntoon-line signallevelsand toavoidsystemcontrolshockson bothanalog
outputs.
·Unitsprovide providesthree SPDTrelayoutputsand twoisolated analog
outputs.Softwaresettingsforrelaycontrolinclude setpoint, deadband,phase,
delay, andfailsafe.

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·SelectablePIDcontrolleron mainanalogoutput. PIDcontrollercanoperatewith
instrument configuredasloop-powertransmitter, orasoneof thetwooutputson
the ACpowered instrument. PIDincludesmanualoperationfeature, and
diagnostic“stuck-controller” timerforrelaynotification ofcontrolproblems.
·SelectableOutput Fail AlarmfeatureonRelayB allowssystemdiagnostic
failurestobesent toexternalmonitoringsystems.
·Large, highcontrast, customLCD displaywithLEDback light providesexcellent
readabilityinanylightconditions. The secondaryline ofdisplayutilizes5x7dot
matrixcharactersforclearmessagedisplay. Twooffourmeasured parameters
maybe on the displaysimultaneously.
·Diagnosticmessagesprovide acleardescription of anyproblemwithno
confusingerrorcodestolookup.Messagesarealsoincluded fordiagnosing
calibration problems.
·Quick andeasyone-point calibration method, air calibrationmethod, andsensor
zero-cal. Toprovide highaccuracy, all calibration methodsincludestability
monitorsthat check temperatureandD.O. stabilitybeforeacceptingdata.
·Highaccuracythree-wirePt1000temperatureinput.Temperatureelement can
be usercalibrated.
·Securitylock featuretoprevent unauthorized tamperingwithtransmittersettings.
All settingscanbeviewed whilelocked,buttheycannot bechanged.
·Highreliability, microprocessor-based systemwithnon-volatilememoryback-up
thatutilizesno batteries. Lowmass, surfacemountPCB constructioncontaining
no adjustment potentiometers. All factorycalibrationsstoredinnon-volatile
EEPROM.
1.4Q46D/60SystemSpecifications
DisplayedParameters Maininput, 0.1ppmto40.0ppm
%Saturation,0to999.9%
Sensortemperature,-10.0to50.0°C(23to122ºF)
Sensor signal, -40to+2000 mVDC
Analogoutputcurrent, 4.00 to20.00mA
Sensor slope/offset
Modelnumberand softwareversion
PIDController Status

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MainParameterRanges Manualselection of one ofthe followingdisplayranges,
0.00 to40.00 ppm or 0.00to40.00 mg/l
0.0to999.9%Saturation
Power 90- 260VAC, 50/60 Hz., 10 VA Maximum
12-24 VDC,500 mAmax.
Enclosure NEMA4X,polycarbonate, stainless steelhardware,
Mounting Options Wall,pipe,orpanelmountstandard.Wall bracketsuitable
foreither1.5” or 2”I.D. U-Boltsforpipe mounting.
Conduit Openings Five½” NPTopenings, Adaptercan beremoved to
provide a1” NPTopening inthebottom ofthe enclosure.
Gland sealsprovided butnotinstalled.
Display 0.75”(19.1mm) high4-digitmaindisplaywithsign
12-digit secondarydisplay, 0.3"(7.6mm)5x7dotmatrix.
IntegralLED back-lightfor visibilityinthe dark.
Relays, Electromechanical: Three SPDT,6amp@250 VAC, 5amp@24VDC
contacts.Softwareselection for setpoint, phase, delay,
deadband, hi-loalarm, and failsafe.A-Bindicatorson
mainLCD,and Cindicator onlower display.
Analog Outputs Two4-20 mAoutputs.Outputone programmablefor PPM
oxygen orPID.Output 2programmableforPPMoxygen,
Temperature, or PID. Maxload 450 Ohmsfor output1and
1000 ohmsforoutput 2.Outputsgroundisolated and
isolated fromeach other.Anadditional3rd analog option is
available.
OptionalDigitalOutput: Profibus DP available,withModbus &Ethernetavailable
soon.
OutputIsolation 600 Vgalvanicisolation
OptionalRelays: Three SPST,[e-mail] for
setpoint,phase, delay, deadband, hi-loalarm, andfailsafe.
Ambient Temperature Analyzer Service, -20 to60 °C (-4to140 ºF)
Sensor Service,-5to55°C(23 to131°F)
Storage,-30to70°C (-22to158 ºF)
Keypad 4-keymembranetype withtactilefeedback, polycarbonate
withUV coating
Filter Adjustable0-9.9minutesadditionaldamping to90%step
input

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TemperatureInput Pt1000 RTDwithautomaticcompensation
Ambient Humidity 0to95%, indoor/outdooruse,non-condensing torated
ambienttemperaturerange
Altitude Upto2000m(6562 ft)
ElectricalCertificationOrdinaryLocation,cCSAus (Certified tobothCSA and UL
standards),pollution degree 2, installation category2
EMI/RFIInfluence Designed toEN 61326-1
Weight 2.4lb.(1.1Kg.)
Sensor Opticaloxygen sensorutilizingfluorescencequenching
technology.Opticalelementlife3-5years.
SensorMaterials Noryl, PVC, and stainless steel
SensorCable Submersible:30ft.(9.1m)
Max.SensorCableLength: 200 feet(61 m), withjunction box
1.5Q46DPerformanceSpecifications
Accuracy 0.5%of selectedrangeor better
Repeatability 0.3%of selectedrangeor better
Sensitivity 0.05%of selectedrange
Non-linearity 0.1%of selectedrange
Warm-up Time 3secondstorated performance (electronics only)
SupplyVoltageEffects ± 0.05%span
InstrumentResponse Time 120 secondsto90%of step inputatlowest damping
Equipmentbearingthismarkingmaynotbediscarded bytraditional
methodsinthe European communityafterAugust12 2005perEU
Directive2002/96/EC.Endusersmustreturnoldequipmenttothe
manufacturerforproperdisposal.

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Part 2 – AnalyzerMounting
2.1General
All Q46 Seriesinstrumentsoffermaximummountingflexibility.Abracketis
includedwitheachunitthatallowsmountingtowallsorpipes.Inall cases,
choosealocation thatisreadilyaccessibleforcalibrations.Alsoconsiderthatit
maybe necessarytoutilizealocation wheresolutionscanbeused duringthe
calibration process.Totakefull advantageofthe highcontrastdisplay,mount
the instrumentinalocation wherethe displaycan be viewed fromvariousangles
and longdistances.
Locatethe instrumentincloseproximitytothe pointofsensorinstallation -this
will alloweasy access duringcalibration.Thesensor-to-instrumentdistance
shouldnotexceed 200feet(61 m).Tomaximizesignal-to-noiseratiohowever,
workwiththe shortestsensorcablepossible.The standardcablelengthofthe
oxygen sensoris30feet.
Figure 1 -Q46 EnclosureDimensions

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2.2Wallor PipeMount
APVCmountingbracketwithattachmentscrewsissuppliedwitheach
transmitter(seeFigure2fordimensions).Themulti-purposebracketisattached
tothe rearoftheenclosureusingthe fourflathead screws.The instrumentis
then attachedtothewall using the fouroutermountingholesinthe bracket.
TheseholesareslottedtoaccommodatetwosizesofU-boltthatmaybe usedto
pipe mountthe unit. Slotswill accommodateU-boltsdesigned for1½“or2”pipe.
Theactualcenter-to-centerdimensionsforthe U-boltsareshowninthedrawing.
NotethattheseslotsareforU-boltswith¼-20 threads.The 1½” pipe U-bolt(2”
I.D.clearance)isavailablefromATIintype 304 stainlesssteelunderpart
number47-0005
Figure 2 -Wall orPipeMount Bracket

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Figure 3 -WallMounting Diagram
Figure 4 -PipeMounting Diagram
Note: Analyzer shownwithoptional
ProfibusConnector mountedtosideof
enclosure.

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2.3Panel Mount
Panelmountingofthe monitorusesthepanelmountingflangemolded intothe
rearsectionoftheenclosure.Figure5providesdimensionsforthepanelcutout
required formounting.
Thepanelmountingbracketkitmustbe ordered separately(part#05-0094).
Thiskitcontainsametalbracketthatattachestothe rearoftheenclosure,4
screwsforattachmentofthisbracket, andasealinggaskettoinsurethatthe
panelmountedmonitorprovidesawatertightsealwhen mountedtoapanel.
Thesealinggasketmustfirstbe attached tothe enclosure.The gasketcontains
an adhesiveononeside sothatitremainsinplaceon theenclosure.Remove
the protectivepaperfromtheadhesiveside ofthegasketand slide the gasket
overthe back oftheenclosuresothattheadhesiveside linesupwiththebackof
the enclosureflange.Onceinplace,you can proceed tomountthe monitorin
the panel.
Figure 5 -PanelMount Installation

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Part 3–OpticalD.O. Sensor
3.1General
OpticalD.O.sensorsaresuppliedcompleteand readytouse. All that’s
needed istomakethe propersensorconnectionsasshowninthe previous
section.
A rubberbootprotectsthe endofthesensorintransit.Leavetheprotective
bootinplaceuntil thesensoristobeplaced intooperation.Removalofthe
protectivebootpriortosubmergencemayexposethe sensingelement to
mechanicaldamagethat isnot covered bywarranty.
Figure 6 -SubmersibleD.O. SensorAssembly

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3.2 OpticalSensing
OpticalD.O.measurementemploysatechnique called “fluorescencequenching”
inordertomeasuremolecularoxygen.The sensorwill respond tooxygen either
intheair ordissolved inwater.
Apolymerelementatthe endofthesensorcontainsanembeddedfluorescent
dye.Whentheelementisexposed toapulseoflightfroman internalLED,the
materialinthepolymerwill fluoresce,oremitlightatanotherwavelength.This
lightdecreases(orisquenched)at arateproportionaltotheamountof oxygen in
the polymer.The monitormeasurestherateatwhichthisquenching occursand
calculatestheoxygen concentrationbasedonthemeasurement.
Opticaloxygen sensorsprovide the abilitytomeasureoxygen instagnantwater,
andarenotaffectedbycertainkindsofnon-biologicalcoatings.However,optical
sensorsareaffectedbybiologicallyactivecoatingsand mustbe keptclean.In
activated sludgeapplications,biologicalfilmscan haveamuchlowerD.O.
concentrationon the sensorside ofthefilmthan on the bulksolution side.The
automaticair cleaningsystemintegrated intothe Q46Dsystemwill eliminate
coatingproblemsbycleaningthesensoron aregularprogrammed schedule.
Figure 7 -Optical SensorElement

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3.3Submersion Mounting
MostapplicationsforD.O. monitoringaredoneusingasubmersiblesensor.
Opticaloxygen sensorcan be used instagnantwaterconditions,astheydo not
needsampleflowformeasurement. Mostaeration tankapplicationsin
wastewatertreatmentplantscanforbiologicallyactivecoatingsonthe faceofthe
sensor,resultinginlowreadings.ATI’sAuto-Clean version ofthisproductis
preferred intheseapplications.Submersiblesensorsaremounted toa1"pipe
usingaspecialsensoradapterthatscrewstothe topofthe sensor.The
mountingpipe can besecured tostandard1½” or2”pipe rail usingamounting
bracket kitavailablefromATI(partnumber00-0624)asshowninFigure8.
Forstandardapplications, theair linefittingmaybe removed asit isused onlyfor
Auto-Cleaninstallations.
Figure 8 -SubmersibleSensorMounting Assy
FlexibleAirLineapplicablefor
Auto-Clean Option Only!

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Figure 9 -Mounting Assembly Detail
FlexibleAirLineapplicablefor
Auto-Clean Option Only!

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Part 4–Electrical Installation
4.1General
TheQ46 ispowered inone oftwoways,dependingon theversion purchased.
The12-24VDC powered analyzerrequiresacustomersuppliedDC power
supply.The90-260VACversion requiresline power.Pleaseverifythetypeof
unit beforeconnectinganypower.
WARNING:DonotconnectAClinepowertotheDC version. Severe
damagewill result.
ImportantNotes:
1.Usewiringpracticesthatconformtonational,stateandlocalelectrical
codes.Forpropersafetyaswell asstablemeasuringperformance,it
isimportantthatthe earthgroundconnection be made toasolid
ground pointonTB7.TheACpowersupplyinthe transmittercontains
asingle630mAslo-blofuse(Wickmann/Littlefuse#372-0630).The
fuse F1 islocated adjacent to TB7 andiseasilyreplaceable.
2.DoNOTrunsensorcablesorinstrument4-20 mAoutputwiringinthe
sameconduitthatcontainsACpowerwiring.ACpowerwiring should
be runinadedicatedconduittopreventelectricalnoisefromcoupling
withthe instrumentationsignals.
3.Thisanalyzermustbe installed bytrainedpersonnelinaccordance
withlocalcodesandinstructionscontainedinthisoperatingmanual.
Observethe analyzer's technicalspecificationsand inputratings.
Properelectricaldisconnection meansmustbeprovidedpriortothe
electricalpowerconnected tothisinstrument, suchasacircuitbreaker
-rated 250 VAC,2Aminimum.Ifone line ofthe line powermainsis
notneutral, useadouble-polemainsswitchtodisconnecttheanalyzer.
4.Repeated problemswithlightningstrikesdamagingsensitive
instrumentation areoften attributedtopoorlybonded earthgroundsin
the instrumentpowersource.Theprotection schemesincorporated
intothisanalyzercannotoperatetomaximumefficiencyunless the
ground connection isat its’absolutelowest impedance.

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5.Thereisno standardground resistanceuniversallyrecognized.Many
agenciesrecommendaground resistancevalue of5ohmsorless.
TheNECrecommendsan impedancetoground ofless than25 ohms,
and less than 5ohmswheresensitiveequipmentisinstalled.Power
sourcesfeedingsensitiveinstrumentslikethe Q46shouldhavethe
lowest possibleimpedancetoground
4.2ACPoweredInstrumentWiring
VerifytheACpowersupplyrequirementbeforeinstalling. Alsoverifythatpower
isfullydisconnected beforeattemptingtowire.
Q46 systemsaresupplied with5cablegland fittingsforsealingcableentries.
ConnectHOT,NEUTRAL, and GROUND tothematchingdesignationson
terminalstrip TB7.
Theanalogoutputsfromthe systemarepresentatterminalsTB1and TB2.The
loop-loadlimitation inthisconfigurationis450Ohmsmaximumforoutput1and
1000ohmsmaximumforoutput2.Alsonotethatthesetwooutputsare
completelyisolated fromeachothertoinsurethat groundloopsdo not resultfrom
the connectionofbothoutputstothe samedevicesuchasaPLCorDCS.
Aribbon cableconnectsthe powersupplyassemblywiththe microprocessor
assemblylocatedinthe frontsectionoftheenclosure.Thiscablemaybe
unplugged fromthefrontsectionofthe monitorifserviceisneeded,butshould
normallybe left inplaceduringinstallation.
WARNING
DisconnectlinepowervoltageBEFOREconnecting
linepowerwires toTerminalTB5ofthepowersupply.
Thepowersupplyacceptsonlystandard three-
wire
singlephasepower.Thepowersupplyisconfigured
for 115VACor 230VACoperation atthefactoryat
timeoforder,and thepowersupplyislabeledas
such.DoNOTconnectvoltages otherthanthe
labeledrequirementtotheinput.

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Figure 10 -LinePowerConnection
Thepowerstrip, TB5,allowsup to12AWG wire. A wiregaugeof16
AWGisrecommendedtoallowforaneasypass-throughintothe ½”NPT
portswhen wiring.

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4.3RelayConnection
ThreeSPDTrelaysareprovided onthepowersupplyboard.Noneofthe relay
contactsarepowered.Theusermustsupplythe properpowertothe contacts.
Forapplicationsthatrequirethe sameswitched operatingvoltageasthe Q46
(115 or230VAC),powermaybe jumpedfromthepowerinputterminalsat TB7.
Relaywiringisconnected at TB4,TB5,and TB6 asshownbelow.Notethatthe
relaycontactmarkingsareshownintheNORMAL mode.Programmingarelay
for“Failsafe”operation reversesthe NOandNC positionsinthisdiagram(Figure
11).
Figure 11 -Relay Contacts