Baker Hughes Panametrics Sentinel LCT8 User manual

Sentinel™
LCT8
User’s manual

ii

Sentinel™ LCT8
High accuracy ultrasonic liquid flow meter
for custody transfer
User’s manual
910-314 Rev. A
October 2017
iii

[no content intended for this page - proceed to next page]
iv

Contents
Product registration ..................................................................................ix
Services ..............................................................................................ix
Terms and conditions.................................................................................ix
Typographical conventions ...........................................................................ix
Safety issues .........................................................................................ix
Auxiliary equipment .................................................................................. x
Environmental compliance ........................................................................... x
Chapter 1. General information ..........................................................1
1.1 Theory of operation ...............................................................................1
1.1.1 Transit-time method .................................................................................1
1.1.2 Transducers..........................................................................................1
1.2 Multi-path design................................................................................2
1.3 Flow profile ...................................................................................... 2
1.4 Unpacking ....................................................................................... 2
1.5 Inspection ....................................................................................... 2
1.6 Meter components...............................................................................3
1.7 Marking and labeling ............................................................................4
1.7.1 Tag plates ..........................................................................................4
1.7.2 Model tag plate .....................................................................................4
1.7.3 Specification tag plate ..............................................................................4
1.7.4 Part string and serial number tag plate ..............................................................4
1.7.5 Transmitter tag plate ................................................................................4
Chapter 2. Installation ..................................................................5
2.1 Installation guidelines ...........................................................................5
2.2 Bill of materials ..................................................................................5
2.3 Preparing for installation.........................................................................6
2.3.1 Installation precautions .............................................................................6
2.3.2 Lifting Instructions...................................................................................6
2.4 Mechanical installation .......................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Standard installation recommendations.............................................................7
2.4.2 Fluid requirements ..................................................................................8
2.4.3 Guidelines for installing pipe insulation ..............................................................8
2.5 Making the electrical connections ...............................................................9
2.5.1 Removing the enclosure covers......................................................................9
2.5.2 Cable tie-down posts ..............................................................................10
2.5.3 Wiring the line power ...............................................................................10
2.5.4 Wiring the serial port ................................................................................11
2.5.5 Wiring the modbus communications line (optional) ................................................. 12
2.5.6 Wiring the alarm relay.............................................................................. 12
2.5.7 Wiring the 4-20mA analog input (optional).......................................................... 12
2.5.8 Wiring the frequency/totalizer output ...............................................................14
2.5.9 Wiring the 4-20 mA analog output ..................................................................14
v

2.6 Operation....................................................................................... 15
2.6.1 Startup ............................................................................................15
2.6.2 Normal operation ..................................................................................15
2.6.3 Shutdown ..........................................................................................15
2.6.4 Troubleshooting....................................................................................15
Chapter 3. Programming ...............................................................21
3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................21
3.1.1 HMI features ....................................................................................... 21
3.1.2 Indicator lights .....................................................................................22
3.1.3 Totalizer hard switch................................................................................22
3.1.4 The magnetic stylus................................................................................22
3.2 Navigating through the program options .......................................................23
3.2.1 Conventions and guidelines ............................................................................ 23
3.2.2 Security access level and privileges ....................................................................24
3.3 Measurement view, security and page overview ................................................24
3.3.1 Unlocking the meter .................................................................................... 25
3.3.2 Primary pages ..........................................................................................26
3.3.3 Changing the access level...............................................................................27
3.4 Programming menu options ....................................................................29
3.4.1 Channel programming .................................................................................29
3.4.2 Composite programming............................................................................... 33
3.4.3 setting up the input data feeds ..........................................................................37
3.4.4 Setting up the API .......................................................................................38
3.5 Generic meter configuration ....................................................................43
3.5.1 Selecting the preferred unit type....................................................................43
3.5.2 Setting up communication .............................................................................44
3.5.3 Setting reset totals ......................................................................................50
3.5.4 Setting up totalizer error handling .......................................................................51
3.5.5 Setting the date and time............................................................................... 52
3.6 Inputs/outputs..................................................................................53
3.6.1 Setting up an analog output........................................................................53
3.6.2 Setting up a frequency/totalizer output .................................................................55
3.6.3 Setting up an alarm output .........................................................................60
3.6.4 Setting up an analog input (optional) ..................................................................63
3.6.5 Setting up an RTD input (optional) ......................................................................65
3.7 Configuring the display .........................................................................67
3.8 Calibrating the analog output ..................................................................69
3.9 User configuration setting .......................................................................71
3.9.1 The edit passcodes option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.9.2 The security timeout option.........................................................................72
3.9.3 The modbus access timeout option ................................................................72
3.9.4 The set security option .............................................................................72
3.10 Factory status ..................................................................................73
vi

Chapter 4. Maintenance ...............................................................75
4.1 Software ........................................................................................75
4.1.1 Checking the software version numbers................................................................ 76
4.1.2 Save, restore or delete a site file .........................................................................77
4.1.3 Updating the instrument software ..................................................................79
4.2 Mechanical .....................................................................................85
4.2.1 Servicing the pipe flange interface..................................................................85
4.2.2 Servicing the sensor ports and transmitter connection.................................................86
4.2.3 Spare parts list .......................................................................................... 87
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting ............................................................89
5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................89
5.2 Error codes......................................................................................90
5.2.1 Overview...........................................................................................90
5.2.2 General guidelines for troubleshooting with error codes .............................................90
5.3 Flow info ........................................................................................94
5.4 Fluid and pipe problems ........................................................................96
5.4.1 Fluid problems .....................................................................................96
5.4.2 Pipe problems .....................................................................................96
5.5 Transducer problems ...........................................................................97
5.6 Uncertainty in flow rate for a non-insulated flowcell.............................................97
5.7 Manufacturing tests ............................................................................98
5.7.1 Frequency output test ..............................................................................98
5.7.2 Totalizer output test .....................................................................................100
5.7.3 Alarm output test .......................................................................................102
5.8 Internal logs ...................................................................................103
5.8.1 Audit logs .........................................................................................103
5.8.2 Error logs ................................................................................................104
Chapter 6. Specifications .............................................................105
6.1 Physical specifications.........................................................................105
6.1.1 Flowcell dimensions ...............................................................................105
6.1.2 System weight ....................................................................................107
6.1.3 SEN898 transmitter weight.........................................................................107
6.2 Operation and performance specifications ....................................................108
6.2.1 Flow rate ranges ..................................................................................108
6.2.2 Operating pressures ..............................................................................108
6.2.3 Fluid types ........................................................................................109
6.2.4 Calibration........................................................................................109
6.2.5 Linearity ..........................................................................................109
6.2.6 Repeatability......................................................................................109
6.2.7 Uncertainty .......................................................................................109
6.2.8 Viscosity range ...................................................................................109
6.2.9 Reynolds range ...................................................................................109
6.2.10 Process temperature ..............................................................................109
6.2.11 Ambient temperature .............................................................................109
6.2.12 Storage temperature..............................................................................109
vii

6.3 Meter body specifications......................................................................109
6.3.1 Meter body materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.2 Pipe sizes .........................................................................................109
6.3.3 Flange ratings.....................................................................................109
6.3.4 Pipe schedules....................................................................................109
6.3.5 Installation requirement (straight pipe run) ........................................................109
6.4 Electronics (SEN898) specifications .............................................................110
6.4.1 Electronics enclosure material......................................................................110
6.4.2 Electronics enclosure dimensions...................................................................110
6.4.3 Electronics enclosure weight........................................................................110
6.4.4 Environmental protection...........................................................................110
6.4.5 Power supply.......................................................................................110
6.4.6 Power consumption ................................................................................110
6.4.7 Display ............................................................................................110
6.4.8 Outputs............................................................................................110
6.4.9 Inputs..............................................................................................110
6.4.10 Digital interfaces ...................................................................................110
6.4.11 Flow computer functionality ........................................................................110
6.4.12 Hazardous area certifications ......................................................................110
6.4.13 CE Mark compliance ...............................................................................110
6.4.14 Custody transfer performance approvals ...........................................................110
Appendix A. CE Mark compliance and high noise environments ........................111
A.1 Introduction ....................................................................................111
A.2 EMC compliance ................................................................................111
Appendix B. Service record ............................................................113
B.1 Introduction ....................................................................................113
B.2 User defined settings for the input/output connections..........................................113
B.3 Baseline diagnostics............................................................................115
B.4 Troubleshooting diagnostics....................................................................115
B.5 Data entry ......................................................................................116
Appendix C. Modbus register map .....................................................117
viii

Product registration
Thank you for purchasing your Sentinel™ LCT8 from
Panametrics. Please register your product at https://info.
bakerhughes.com/New-Product-Registration-LP.html for
product support such as the latest software/firmware
upgrades, product information and special promotions.
Services
Panametrics provides customers with an experienced
staff of customer support personnel ready to respond to
technical inquiries, as well as other remote and on-site
support needs. To complement our broad portfolio of
industry-leading solutions, we offer several types of flexible
and scalable support services including: training, product
repairs, extended warranties, service agreements and more.
Please visit https://www.bakerhughesds.com/panametrics/
services for more details.
Terms and conditions
Sales terms and conditions for your recent purchase of a
Panametrics product, including the applicable product
Warranty, can be found on our website at the following link:
https://www.bakerhughesds.com/sales-terms-conditions.
Typographical conventions
NOTE: These paragraphs provide information that provides a
deeper understanding of the situation, but is not essential to
the proper completion of the instructions.
IMPORTANT
These paragraphs provide information that emphasizes
instructions that are essential to proper setup of the
equipment. Failure to follow these instructions carefully
may cause unreliable performance.
CAUTION!
This symbol indicates a risk of potential minor
personal injury and/or severe damage to
the equipment, unless these instructions are
followed carefully.
WARNING!
This symbol indicates a risk of potential
serious personal injury, unless these
instructions are followed carefully.
Safety Issues
WARNING!
It is the responsibility of the user to make sure
all local, county, state and national codes,
regulations, rules and laws related to safety
and safe operating conditions are met for
each installation.
Attention European customers!
To meet CE Mark requirements for all units
intended for use in the EU, all electrical
cables must be installed as described in
this manual.
ix

Auxiliary equipment
Local safety standards
The user must make sure that he operates all auxiliary
equipment in accordance with local codes, standards,
regulations, or laws applicable to safety.
Working area
WARNING!
Auxiliary equipment may have both manual
and automatic modes of operation. As
equipment can move suddenly and without
warning, do not enter the work cell of this
equipment during automatic operation,
and do not enter the work envelope of this
equipment during manual operation. If you
do, serious injury can result.
WARNING!
Make sure that power to the auxiliary
equipment is turned OFF and locked out
before you perform maintenance procedures
on this equipment.
Qualification of personnel
Make sure that all personnel have manufacturer-approved
training applicable to the auxiliary equipment.
Personal safety equipment
Make sure that operators and maintenance personnel have
all safety equipment applicable to the auxiliary equipment.
Examples include safety glasses, protective headgear,
safety shoes, etc.
Unauthorized operation
Make sure that unauthorized personnel cannot gain access
to the operation of the equipment.
Environmental compliance
RoHS
The Sentinel™ LCT8 fully complies with RoHS regulations
(Directive 2011/65/EU).
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
Panametrics is an active participant in Europe’s Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) take-back
initiative (Directive 2012/19/EU).
Panametrics is an active participant in Europe’s Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) take-back
initiative (Directive 2012/19/EU).
The equipment that you bought has required the extraction
and use of natural resources for its production. It may
contain hazardous substances that could impact health
and the environment.
In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances in
our environment and to diminish the pressure on the natural
resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate take-
back systems. Those systems will reuse or recycle most of
the materials of your end life equipment in a sound way.
The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol invites you to use
those systems.
If you need more information on the collection, reuse and
recycling systems, please contact your local or regional
waste administration.
Please visit https://www.bakerhughesds.com/health-
safetyand-environment-hse for take-back instructions and
more information about this initiative.
x

Chapter 1. General
information
1.1 Theory of operation
The Sentinel LCT8 measurement system uses ultrasonic
transit-time technology. A brief description of transit-time
theory follows. For more information about the theory, and
the use of Panametrics ultrasonic flow meters for measuring
flow, please refer to Ultrasonic measurements for process
control by L.C. Lynnworth (Academic Press, 1989).
1.1.1 Transit-time method
The transit time technique uses a pair of transducers,
with each transducer alternately sending and receiving
coded ultrasonic signals through the fluid. When the fluid
is flowing, signal transit time in the downstream direction
is shorter than in the upstream direction. The difference
between these transit times is proportional to the flow
velocity. The Sentinel LCT8 measures this very small time
difference and, using various digital signal processing
techniques combined with programmed pipe parameters,
determines the flow rate and direction.
1.1.2 Transducers
When in a transmit cycle, transducers convert electrical
energy into ultrasonic pulses and then convert the ultrasonic
pulses back to electrical energy when in a receive cycle. In
other words, they act like loudspeakers when transmitting
the signal and like microphones when receiving it. They
perform the actual data transmission and collection, thus
interrogating the flow.
The transducers in the Sentinel LCT8 measurement system
were specifically designed to be replaced under normal
operating conditions. A damaged or non-functional
transducer, can be replaced without shutting down the
pipeline. Recalibration of the replacement is not necessary.
1

1.2 Multi-path design
Multi-path ultrasonic flow meters are designed with more
than one pair of transducers to interrogate the flow field
in different locations and more accurately determine the
actual flow rate. The Sentinel LCT8 measurement system
uses eight measurement locations. These measurement
paths are located across the meter body and tilted at an
angle. The eight measurement paths are orthogonal to
each other. The sensor path placements provide the best
swirl and disturbance immunity.
1.3 Flow profile
One of the main factors that can adversely affect the
performance of an ultrasonic flow measurement is a
disturbed and unsymmetrical flow profile. Maintaining a
desired flow-profile shape across all flow velocities, pipe
sizes and upstream flow disturbances is difficult. For this
reason, Panametrics has tested the Sentinel LCT8 under
various pipe configurations in an effort to determine its
operational specifications and immunity against cross
flow and swirl. Panametrics also completes calibrations
based on the specific customer application needs to ensure
the best meter performance. Owning to the design of our
Eight-path flowmeter, we are able to meet performance
specifications across a range of disturbances. Use of flow
conditions is normally unnecessary due to calibration
methods and meter design. If the need of a flow conditioner
is concluded, the meter calibration will be performed with
the flow conditioner in place.
1.4 Unpacking
The Sentinel LCT8 is typically packaged in a wooden crate,
the size of which will depend on the size of product ordered.
It will be secured by several 2x4 wood blocks to prevent
shifting during transit. Simply remove these 2x4 braces to
unpack the system. For local-mount systems the transmitter
will be installed directly on top of the pressure vessel. For
remote-mount systems the transmitter and remote cable
may ship in a separate package.
1.5 Inspection
Prior to installation, inspect all materials to be used in
the installation:
• Gaskets - check for cracks, tears and over compression
(not included in Sentinel LCT8 package)
• Nuts and bolts - check for damaged threads and for
debris (not included in Sentinel LCT8 package)
• RF flange faces - check for damage to serrations that
may cause gaskets to not seal properly.
• Flow conditioners - check for blockages or damage
to the flow conditioner
In general, check for anything that may prevent safe
operation of the equipment.
IMPORTANT
If pipes are shipped pre-assembled as a single section,
care should be taken to inspect and check the bolts
and gaskets.
2

1.6 Meter components
Figure 1 on page 3 shows a Sentinel LCT8 system, with items 1-8 as described in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Sentinel LCT8 system components
No Component Material (ASTM) Qty
1Meter body with flanges SA216 Gr. WCB (carbon steel)
SA352 Gr. LCB (low temp carbon steel)
SA351 Gr. CF8 (304 SS)
SA351 Gr. CF8M (316 SS)
1
2Model tag plate 1
3Transmitter tag plate 1
4 Part string and serial number tag plate 1
5Transducer insert/buffer 316 SS 16
6Transducer 316 SS 16
7SEN898 electronics 1
8External conduit connections, 3/4” cable glands 3
9 Upstream meter run (not supplied by Panametrics) N/A
10 Flow conditioner (optional) A/R
11 Downstream meter run (not supplied by Panametrics) See Figure 11 on page 7 N/A
12 Temperature probe (optional, not supplied by Panametrics) N/A
13 Pressure probe (optional, not supplied by Panametrics) N/A
Flanges (1)
Meter body (1)
Transmitter tag plate (3)
P/N and S/N tag plate (4)
Model tag
plate (2)
SEN898 electronics (7)
Transducer/insert/buffer
(5, 6)
External conduit connections (8)
Figure 1: Typical Sentinel LCT8 assembly
NOTE: Design details changes slightly with pipe size. 3

1.7 Marking and Labeling
1.7.1 Tag plates
There are four tag plates affixed to the Sentinel LCT8 which
provide details about the system. Three are located on the
vessel and one is located on the transmitter. Their locations
are shown in Figure 2 below.
Transmitter
tag plate
Model tag plate
Part string and
serial number
tag plate
Specification
tag plate
Figure 2: Sentinel LCT8 tag plate locations
1.7.2 Model tag plate
The model tag plate (see Figure 3 below) contains the
model name and certification markings for the pressure
vessel and its hazardous area usage.
88
EXPLOSIONPROOF ONLY (Ex d) EXPLOSIONPROOF with
INCREASED SAFETY (Ex d e)
Figure 3: Sentinel LCT8 model tag plate (ref. 442-1402)
1.7.3 Specification tag plate
The specification tag plate (see Figure 4 below) contains
information pertaining to the build and test of the pressure
vessel. It contains the following information:
• Vessel nominal size, flange rating, wall thickness, material
• Dry weight (including transmitter)
• Vessel manufacturer serial number
• Ambient and fluid temperature ranges
• Operating pressures
• Hydro test pressure and date
8
Non-PED Certified (Ref. 442-1806)
panametrics.com
Figure 4: Specification tag plate
NOTE: Information in dashed boxes above is shown only as
an example.
1.7.4 Part string and serial number tag plate
The part string and serial number tag (see Figure 5 below)
contains the specific configuration of the pressure vessel as
well as the final assembly date, Panametrics serial number
and customer tag information.
SEN-LCT8-SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE SAMPLE
SAMPLE
Figure 5: Part string and S/N tag plate (ref. 442-1445)
NOTE: Information in dashed boxes is shown only as
an example.
1.7.5 Transmitter tag plate
The SEN898 transmitter tag plate (see Figure 6 below) is
affixed to the transmitter and includes the configuration
per the model information detailed on the model tag plate.
This tag plate also contains the hazardous area certification
information for the transmitter.
8
htiwFOORPNOISOLPXE)dxE(YLNOFOORPNOISOLPXE
INCREASED SAFETY (Ex d e)
8
Panametrics LLC Panametrics LLC
Figure 6: SEN898 transmitter tag plate (ref. 442-1521)
4

Chapter 2. Installation
2.1 Installation guidelines
This section provides general information with respect
to the mechanical and electrical installation, and should
be thoroughly reviewed before the system is installed. To
ensure safe and reliable operation of the Sentinel LCT8, the
system must be installed in accordance with the guidelines
established by Panametrics, as explained in this chapter.
WARNING!
The Sentinel LCT8 flow measurement system
can measure the flow rate of many fluids,
some of which are potentially hazardous.
Strict observance of proper safety practices
is essential.
WARNING!
Be sure to follow all applicable local safety
codes and regulations for installing electrical
equipment and working with hazardous
gases or flow conditions. Consult company
safety personnel or local safety authorities to
verify the safety of any procedure or practice.
Attention European customers!
To meet CE Mark requirements, all cables
must be installed as described in Appendix
A. CE Mark compliance and high noise
environments on page 111.
Attention European customers!
This manual fulfills the requirements of
the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
Please read it carefully in order to guarantee
safe operation of this pressure equipment.
Follow all warnings and instructions marked
on the product.
2.2 Bill of materials
The following items should have been included in the
shipment:
• Sentinel LCT8 flow meter
• Magnetic wand
• User’s manual
• CD with PanaView SEN898 software (optional)
5

2.3 Preparing for Installation
2.3.1 Installation precautions
Any questions with respect to the installation should be
addressed prior to beginning the installation. Failure
to install the Sentinel LCT8 correctly can increase
measurement uncertainty.
All the mechanical and electronic components are shipped
fully assembled, however the following precautions should
be observed:
• Only authorized personnel should perform the installation.
The proper personal protection equipment (PPE) should
always be used when working with this equipment.
• The vessel shall be installed in such a way that it can be
safely operated, maintained and inspected. Please refer
to specific outline and installation drawings for proper
clearances and specific distances for each system size.
In general, allow for a minimum of 12” of space on all
sides of pressure vessel and transmitter, with an ideal
clearance of 24” on all sides.
• You must provide suitable over-pressure protection
at or in the main piping to the flowcell in order to
prevent damage to the flowcell and injury to personnel.
The utilized over-pressure protection device shall be
supplied with all declarations of conformity and
EC-type design certificates.
• Make sure the difference between the inside diameter
of the pipe and that of the Sentinel LCT8 meter does
not exceed 0.5%, as changes in internal diameters
will cause flow profile disturbances.
• Make sure any non-symmetrical offset does not
exceed 1%, as misalignment between the piping and
the meter may cause flow profile disturbances.
• Make sure the gasket is centered on the flange faces
and does not protrude into the pipe, as protrusion of the
gasket into the pipe may cause flow profile disturbances.
• Make sure the Sentinel LCT8 is oriented with the flow
transmitter in a vertical position at the top, as shown in
Figure 7 below.
Figure 7: Lifting strap locations
2.3.2 Lifting Instructions
WARNING!
To avoid possible strain, refer to the Sentinel
LCT8 label for the assembly weight, use a
properly-rated lifting assembly, and place
the lifting straps in the indicated locations
(see Figure 7 on page 6). Never stand
below any object being lifted!
Use proper lifting techniques when moving the Sentinel LCT8
(see Figure 8 below). No lifting hooks or eyelets are provided.
The recommended method for lifting the Sentinel LCT8 is by
using lifting straps on each side of the pressure vessel with a
stabilizer bar between them, located above the transmitter
enclosure. Additional care may need to be taken to prevent
the transmitter from rotating, especially on smaller systems
where the transmitter weight is a larger percentage of the
total system weight.
Stabilizer bar
Figure 8: Proper lifting method
WARNING!
Do not use the transmitter to support the
weight of the flowcell, as shown in Figure 9
below. The transmitter cannot support the
weight of the pressure vessel.
Figure 9: Improper lifting method
66

2.4 Mechanical installation
Being mindful of the Installation precautions on page 6,
complete the following steps:
1. Make sure the gaskets are in place on the flanges.
2. Support the Sentinel LCT8 between the flanges on
the pipe.
3. Align the flange mounting holes as shown in
Figure 10 below.
4. Secure the meter to the pipe by using the
appropriate hardware.
Figure 10: Sentinel LCT8 mounting flange
2.4.1 Standard installation recommendations
2.4.1.1 Installation location
Proper installation of the Sentinel LCT8 is important to
achieve maximum performance from the system. The
following installation recommendations provide general
guidelines of how this system should be installed. If the
following recommendations cannot be met, please consult
the factory for a more detailed review of the application to
see what performance may be achievable. Following these
recommendations may not be the solution for all situations,
since every installation is different.
2.4.1.2 Straight pipe run requirements
The Sentinel LCT8 should be installed to meet one of the
following condition:
• A minimum of 5 nominal pipe diameters upstream
of the metering section (pressure vessel) and a minimum
of 3 nominal pipe diameters downstream.
For any other straight run configurations, consult
Panametrics for an application assessment.
2.4.1.3 Flow direction - straight pipe run differences
For both uni-directional and bi-directional flow, the user
must provide the minimum straight pipe runs upstream and
downstream from the flowcell, as shown in Figure 11 below.
Any additional length of straight pipe run will help produce
a more symmetrical flow profile, thus further reducing
measurement uncertainty.
Bi-directional flow
3D
Note:
temperature and pressure transmitters should
Be located elsewhere for bi-directional installations.
Uni-directional flow
5D upstream 3D downstream
min.
D5D5
Temperature/pressure transmitters
Figure 11: Minimum straight pipe runs for Sentinel LCT8 installations
2.4.1.4 Inner diameter matching
To maintain optimal product performance, the inner
diameter of the upstream sections should be within 0.5%
of the metering section inner diameter at the flange. The
downstream matching is not as critical but should be of
the same schedule and matched as closely as possible.
In addition, gaskets should not protrude past the inner
diameter to disrupt the flow profile.
2.4.1.5 Location of temperature and pressure
measurements
Temperature and pressure measurements should always
made downstream of the Sentinel LCT8 and be located a
minimum of 3D downstream of the pressure vessel, with
a preferred distance of 5D downstream. For any other
locations for temperature and pressure measurement
consult Panametrics for an application assessment.
2.4.1.6 Calibration recommendations
In general, the best practice is to calibrate as much of
the measuring section as possible. This would include
upstream and downstream straight pipe runs and the
Sentinel LCT8. While this is not always possible or cost
effective, it will provide the best transferability from
calibration to field usage. This methodology is highly
recommended for custody transfer master meter and duty
systems to maintain the lowest possible system uncertainty.
Each application is different and requires a customized
calibration plan. For calibration recommendations, consult
the factory for an application assessment.
7

2.4.2 Fluid requirements
Gas - To avoid measurement errors, suitable measures
should be taken to make sure the line is full and the gas
in the line is kept below 1%. While the system may still be
able to measure with larger amounts, it has the potential
to affect accuracy. When gas is present, keep flow rates as
high as possible to help push the gas through the metering
section.
Particulate - To avoid measurement errors, suitable
measures should be taken to minimize solid particulate
in the line. Particulate should ideally be less than 1% for
accurate measurement.
Water in oil - Water and oil mixtures under 5% should not
affect accuracy as long as they are well mixed. Keep flow
rates high enough to ensure a well-mixed solution. Higher
percentages of water may be present, but this could affect
the accuracy of measurements.
Please consult Panametrics for any applications where
conditions are outside the above recommendations for a
more comprehensive application review.
2.4.3 Guidelines for installing pipe insulation
If pipe insulation is required:
• Install all insulation materials and accessories in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and the
recognized industry practices. Adhere to the local code
where applicable to ensure that the safe and proper
installation will serve its intended purpose.
• Install the insulation material in layers, with smooth and
even surfaces. Allow adequate space (air pockets) around
all extended transducer buffer rods, conduit fittings,
junction boxes, and cables, for proper ventilation. Avoid
using cut pieces or scrap insulation when abutting the
sections being installed. Butt insulation joints firmly to
ensure a complete, tight fit over and around all piping
surfaces.
• Maintain the integrity of any factory-applied vapor barrier
jacketing on all pipe insulation, if applicable. Seal all joints
and seams, protecting the insulation against puncture,
tears or other damage.
8

2.5 Making the electrical connections
This section contains instructions for making the necessary
electrical connections to the flow transmitter (see Figure
12 below). The wiring between the transmitter and the
transducers has been installed at the factory, and no further
connections are required on this portion of the wiring.
IMPORTANT
When wires are connected to terminal blocks, use wire ties
routed through the blocks, to secure them.
Attention European customers!
To meet CE Mark requirements, all cables
must be installed as described in Appendix
A. CE Mark compliance and high noise
environments on page 111.
IMPORTANT
The meter is grounded to the electronics. This
configuration must be considered when applying
cathodic protection to the pipe line. The power ground
applied to the instrument should be at the cathodic
protection voltage level.
2.5.1 Removing the enclosure covers
WARNING!
Always disconnect the line power from
the meter before removing either the front
display cover or the wiring access cover.
This is especially important in a hazardous
environment.
1. Disconnect any previously wired power line from the
flow transmitter.
2. Loosen the set screw on the side cover using a 2.5 mm
hex wrench.
3. Place a rod or long screwdriver across the cover in the
slots provided, and rotate the cover counterclockwise
until it comes free from the enclosure.
4. Note the text printed on the terminal board (see Figure 13
on page 31) to assist in wiring the power and option
card connections.
Proceed to the appropriate section of this chapter to make
the desired wiring connections.
Temperature
Pressure
RS232
or
RS485
RS232/RS485 modbus
Panaview™
instrument interface
software
Meter calibration, data collection,
configuration, and security
Sentinel LCT8
Flow
Computer
Corrected
Volumetric
Flow
2 frequency
2 alarms
1 analog output (4-20 ma)
3 analog inputs (4-20 ma) or
2 analog inputs (4-20 ma) + 1 RTD input
Figure 12: Sentinel LCT8 flow measurement system connections
9

Figure 13: Typical terminal board (three 4-20mA inputs option)
2.5.2 Cable tie-down posts
There are two cable tie-down posts provided in the Sentinel
LCT8 transmitter (see Figure 14 below). These posts enable
the user to insert a cable tie through them, and secure the
wiring coming into or out of the instrument. The posts rotate
on the printed circuit board to provide ease-of-use.
• Power cable tie-down post - use this tie-down post to
secure the power cable.
• Optional I/O cable tie-down post - use this tie-down post
to secure all I/O cables.
Power cable
tie-down post
Optional I/O cable
tie-down post
Figure 14: Cable tie-down posts locations
2.5.3 Wiring the line power
The Sentinel LCT8 may be ordered for operation with a
power input of either 100-240 VAC or 12–32 VDC. The label on
the side of the electronics enclosure lists the required line
voltage and power rating for your unit. Be sure to connect
the Sentinel LCT8 to the specified line voltage only.
NOTE: For compliance with the North American and
European low voltage directive, this unit requires an external
power disconnect device such as a switch or circuit breaker.
The disconnect device must be marked as such, clearly
visible, directly accessible, and located within 1.8 m (6 ft)
of the unit.
NOTE: Use one conduit inlet for the power cable, and use the
two remaining conduit inlets for any I/O cables as needed.
All unused conduit inlets should be sealed with suitable
blank plugs (see Figure 15 below).
Figure 15: Conduit inlet ports
See Figure 16 on page 11 or Figure 17 on page 11 to
locate terminal block TB1 and to connect the line power
as follows:
WARNING!
Improper connection of the line power
leads, or connecting a Sentinel LCT8 to the
incorrect line voltage, may damage the unit.
It may also result in hazardous voltages at
the meter body and associated piping as
well as within the electronics enclosure.
1. Prepare the line power leads by trimming the line and
neutral AC power leads (or the positive and negative DC
power leads) to a length 0.5 in. (1 cm) shorter than the
ground lead. This ensures that the ground lead is the
last to detach if the power cable is forcibly disconnected
from the meter.
2. Route the cable through one of three conduit inlet ports
(see Figure 15 above) and connect the line power leads
to terminal block TB1, using the pin number assignments
shown in Figure 30 on page 17 and Figure 16 on page
11 or Figure 17 on page 11.
Attention European customers!
To meet CE Mark requirements, all cables
must be installed as described in Appendix
A. CE Mark compliance and high noise
environments on page 111.
1010