Black Box LGB1002A-R2 User manual

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16-Port 1000BASE-TX L2 Plus
Managed Ethernet Switch

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Table of Contents
CAUTION............................................................................................................................................ VI
ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES ....................................................................................................... VI
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................2
1-1. OVERVIEW OF LGB1002A-R2......................................................................................................2
1-2. CHECKLIST ...................................................................................................................................5
1-3. FEATURES .....................................................................................................................................5
1-4. FULL VIEW OF LGB1002A-R2 .....................................................................................................7
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs) ...........................................7
1-4-2. AC Power Input on the Rear Panel......................................................................................8
1-5.VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES...............................................................................................9
2. INSTALLATION........................................................................................................................10
2-1. STARTING LGB1002A-R2 UP.....................................................................................................10
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation ......................................................................................10
2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail............................................................12
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements........................................................................................................12
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports........................................................................................... 13
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module................................................................. 13
2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology.................................................................................................. 14
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 .....................................................17
2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the Serial RS-232 Port.......... 17
2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the Ethernet Port................... 19
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment.......................................................................................................20
2-2. TYPICALAPPLICATIONS ..............................................................................................................25
3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT...............................................................27
3-1.WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW.......................................................................................29
3-1-1. System Information............................................................................................................32
3-1-2. Account Configuration.......................................................................................................34
3-1-3. Time Configuration............................................................................................................35
3-1-4. IP Configuration................................................................................................................38
3-1-5. Loop Detection...................................................................................................................41
3-1-6. Management Policy ...........................................................................................................42
3-1-7. Virtual Stack.......................................................................................................................45
3-1-7. System Log.........................................................................................................................47
3-2. PORT CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................48
3-2-1. Port Configuration.............................................................................................................48
3-2-2.Port Status...........................................................................................................................50
3-2-3. Simple Counter..................................................................................................................53
3-2-4. Detail Counter...................................................................................................................55
3-3.VLAN ........................................................................................................................................58
3-3-1. VLAN Mode........................................................................................................................58
3-3-2. Tag-based Group................................................................................................................59
3-3-3. Port-based Group ..............................................................................................................62
3-3-4. Ports...................................................................................................................................64
3-3-5. Management ......................................................................................................................66
3-4. MAC ..........................................................................................................................................67
3-4-1. Mac Address Table.............................................................................................................67
3-4-2. Static Filter........................................................................................................................69
3-4-3. Static Forward ...................................................................................................................70
3-4-4. MAC Alias..........................................................................................................................71

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3-4-5. MAC Table.........................................................................................................................72
3-5. GVRP.........................................................................................................................................73
3-5-1. Config ................................................................................................................................73
3-5-2. Counter..............................................................................................................................76
3-5-3. Group.................................................................................................................................78
3-6. QOS(QUALITY OF SERVICE)CONFIGURATION.............................................................................79
3-6-1. Ports...................................................................................................................................79
3-6-2. Qos Control List.................................................................................................................81
3-6-3.Rate Limiters.......................................................................................................................87
3-6-4.Storm Control......................................................................................................................89
3-6-5.Wizard.................................................................................................................................90
3-7. SNMPCONFIGURATION............................................................................................................100
3-8.ACL..........................................................................................................................................102
3-8-1.Ports..................................................................................................................................102
3-8-2.Rate Limiters.....................................................................................................................104
3-8-3.Access Control List...........................................................................................................105
3-8-4.Wizard...............................................................................................................................133
3-9. IPMAC BINDING .....................................................................................................................141
3-10. 802.1X CONFIGURATION.........................................................................................................143
3-10-1.Server..............................................................................................................................148
3-10-2.Port Configuration..........................................................................................................150
3-10-3.Status...............................................................................................................................153
3-10-4. Statistics.........................................................................................................................154
3-11. TRUNKING CONFIGURATION....................................................................................................155
3-11-1.Port .................................................................................................................................156
3-11-2 Aggregator View..............................................................................................................158
3-11-3 LACP System Priority .....................................................................................................159
3-12 STPCONFIGURATION...............................................................................................................160
3-12-1 STPSTATUS ..........................................................................................................................160
3-12-2. Configuration.................................................................................................................162
3-12-3. STP Port Configuration.................................................................................................164
3-13 MSTP......................................................................................................................................167
3-13-1 Status...............................................................................................................................167
3-13-2 Region Config.................................................................................................................168
3-13-3 Instance View..................................................................................................................169
3-14. MIRROR ..................................................................................................................................177
3-15. IGMPSNOOPING ....................................................................................................................179
3-15-1 Proxy...............................................................................................................................179
3-15-2 Group Membership.........................................................................................................181
3-16.ALARM CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................182
3-16-1 Events..............................................................................................................................183
3-16-2 Email...............................................................................................................................184
3-17. DHCPSNOOPING....................................................................................................................185
3-17-1. DHCP Snooping State....................................................................................................185
3-17-2. DHCP Snooping Entry...................................................................................................186
3-17-3. DHCP Snooping Client..................................................................................................187
3-18. CONFIGURATION .....................................................................................................................188
3-18-1. Factory Defaults............................................................................................................188
3-18-2 . Save Start......................................................................................................................189
3-18-3 . Save User......................................................................................................................189
3-18-4 . Restore User .................................................................................................................189
3-19. CONFIG FILE ...........................................................................................................................191
3-20. DIAGNOSTICS..........................................................................................................................192
3-20-1 . Diag..............................................................................................................................192
3-20-2 .Ping................................................................................................................................193

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3-20-2 .VeriPHY .........................................................................................................................194
3-21 MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................195
3-21-1 .Reset Device...................................................................................................................195
3-21-2 .Software Upload ............................................................................................................195
3-22 LOGOUT...................................................................................................................................196
4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT...............................................................................197
4-1. CLI MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................197
4-1-1. Login................................................................................................................................197
4-2. COMMANDS OF CLI..................................................................................................................199
4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI................................................................................................200
4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI..................................................................................................206
5. MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................................306
5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION .............................................................................................306
5-2. Q&A.........................................................................................................................................306
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................307
APPENDIX B NULLMODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS......................................................311

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Revision History
Release Date Revision
0.91 2008/03/12 A1
0.95 2008/06/30 A2

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Caution
Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to
acquire a static electrical charge.
To protect your device, always:
•Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before
you pick up the circuit device.
•Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.
Electronic Emission Notices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a classA
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial
environment.
European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements
of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN61000-3 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN55024.
EMC:
EN55022(2003)/CISPR-2( 2002) class A
IEC61000-4-2 (2001) 4K V CD, 8KV,AD
IEC61000-4-3( 2002) 3V/m
IEC61000-4-4(2001) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)

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About this user’s manual
In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your
network system but configure and monitor the LGB1002A-R2 through the built-in
CLI and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step-by-step. Many
explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the
examples of the operation for web-based interface and command-line interface
(CLI).
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of LGB1002A-R2
Chapter 2 “Installation”
Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
Chapter 5 “Maintenance”

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1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of LGB1002A-R2
LGB1002A-R2, a 16-port Layer 2 Plus Gigabit Managed Switch, is a
standard switch that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications.
The switch included 12-Port 10/100/1000Mbps TP and 4-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber
management Ethernet switch. The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial
port via directly connection, or through Ethernet port using CLI or Web-based
management unit, associated with SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network
administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s
activity in a friendly way. The overall network management is enhanced and the
network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high bandwidth applications. In
addition, the switch features comprehensive and useful function such as ACL, IP-
MAC Binding, DHCP Option 82, QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN,
Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON, IGMP Snooping
capability via the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metro-LAN and office
application.
In this switch, Port 13 and Port 16 include two types of media --- TP and SFP
Fiber (LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP
Fiber with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-
speed connection expansion.
⎯1000Mbps LC, Multi-Mode, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
⎯1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base-
SX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for
more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after
that, the configuration keeps unchanged.

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• Key Features in the Device
QoS: Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule.
Spanning Tree:
Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.
VLAN:
Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
Port Trunking:
Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.
Bandwidth Control:
Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.
Port Security:
Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.
SNMP/RMON:
SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.
RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.
The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.
IGMP Snooping:
Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.
IGMP Proxy:
The implementation of IP multicast processing. The switch supports IGMP
version 1 and IGMP version 2, efficient use of network bandwidth, and fast
response time for channel changing. IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) is
described in RFC1112 ,and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2) is described in RFC
2236. Hosts interact with the system through the exchange of IGMP
messages. Similarly, when you configure IGMP proxy, the system interacts
with the router on its upstream interface through the exchange of IGMP
messages. However, when acting as the proxy, the system performs the
host portion of the IGMP task on the upstream interface as follows:

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•When queried, sends group membership reports to the
group.
•When one of its hosts joins a multicast address group to
which none of its other hosts belong, sends unsolicited
group membership reports to that group.
•When the last of its hosts in a particular multicast group
leaves the group, sends an unsolicited leave group
membership report to the all-routers group (244.0.0.2).

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1-2. Checklist
Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the
following:
⎯LGB1002A-R2 16-port Layer 2 Plus Gigabit Managed Switch
⎯SFP Modules (optional)
⎯Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
⎯This User's Manual in CD-ROM
⎯AC Power Cord
⎯RS-232 Cable
Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.
1-3. Features
The LGB1002A-R2, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the
comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network
administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
• Hardware
• 12 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports
• 4 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense
• 1392KB on-chip frame buffer
• Support jumbo frame up to 9600 bytes
• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 4/Multimedia)
• 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support (IEEE802.1Q)
• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control
• IEEE802.1Q Q-in-Q nested VLAN support
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-16: LINK/ACT,
10/100/1000Mbps, SFP Port 13-16: SFP(LINK/ACT)
• Management
•Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
•Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function

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• Supports 802.1Q VLAN
• Supports user management and limits three users to login
• Maximal packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame application
• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
•Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the
information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4, such as VoIP
• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more
convenient UI for the user
• Supports port mirror function with ingress/egress traffic
•Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
•Supports multiple spanning tree (802.1s MSTP)
• Supports 802.1X port security on a VLAN
• Supports IP-MAC-Port Binding for LAN security
• Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the
device. The rest of users can only view the switch
• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access
• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management with
a resolution of 1Mbps
• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail
• Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status
•Supports loop detection to protect the switch crash when the networking has
looping issue
•HTTP and TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and configuration file
import/export
• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
• Supports NTP network time synchronization and daylight saving
• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local
console

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1-4. Full View of LGB1002A-R2
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 12 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 SFP fiber ports for optional
removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on
the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status
and 16 ports working status of the switch. One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for
configuration or management.
Fig. 1-1 Full View of GS-2216L
Fig. 1-2 Front View of LGB1002A-R2
Power Indication LED
Gi
g
abit Ethernet Port
RESET Button:
RESET button is used
to reset the
mana
g
ement s
y
stem.
SFP Fiber Port
Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs
RS-232 DB-9 Connector

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• LED Indicators
LED Color Function
System LED
POWER Green Lit when +5V DC power is on and good
10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 16 LED
LINK/ACT Green Lit when connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when cable connection is not good
10/100/1000Mbps Green/ Amber
Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active
Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active
1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 13 to 16 LED
SFP(LINK/ACT) Green Lit when connection with the remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when module connection is not good
Table1-1
1-4-2. AC Power Input on the Rear Panel
One socket on the rear panel is forAC power input.
Fig. 1-3 Rear View of LGB1002A-R2
AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz

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1-5. View of the Optional Modules
In the switch, Port 13~16 includes two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber
(LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber
with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-
speed connection expansion; the following are optional SFP types provided for the
switch:
⎯1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
(SFP.0BL.621.201)
⎯1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
⎯1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

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2. Installation
2-1. Starting LGB1002A-R2 Up
This section will give users a quick start for:
- Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
⇒Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power
source
• Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the LGB1002A-R2
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
•Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
3. Install the media cable for network connection
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
Fi
g
. 2-1 Installation of O
p
tional SFP Fiber Transceive
r

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• TP Port and Cable Installation
⇒In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the
other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.
⇒Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
• Power On
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.
• Firmware Loading
After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.

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2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail
Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan
at both sides of the chassis.
⇒Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.
Fig. 2-2

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2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
⇒For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
⎯The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
⇒Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
⎯The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BIDI LC.
⎯Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
⎯Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
⎯Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module
⎯Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module
The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not
listed here are available upon request.
Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth
Multi-mode 62.5/125μm Multi-mode 50/125μm
Modal
Bandwidth Distance Modal Bandwidth Distance
160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
Single-mode Fiber 9/125μm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
1000Base-
LX/LHX/XD/ZX Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50Km
TX(Transmit) 1310nm
Single-Mode
*20Km RX(Receive) 1550nm
TX(Transmit) 1550nm
1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
(BIDI LC) Single-Mode
*20Km RX(Receive) 1310nm
Table2-1

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2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit) Bit Time unit: 0.01μs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.