Bradford White Magnum D75T125E3N User manual

238-47675-00F 8/18
GAS-FIRED COMMERCIAL WATER HEATER
INSTALLATION/OPERATION MANUAL
WITH TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
PLACE THESE INSTRUCTIONS ADJACENT TO WATER HEATER AND NOTIFY OWNER TO KEEP FOR FUTURE REFERENCE
- Do not store or use gasoline or other
flammable vapors and liquids in the
vicinity of this or any other appliance.
- WHAT TO DO IF YOU SMELL GAS
•Do not try to light any appliance.
•Do not touch any electrical switch; do
not use any phone in your building.
•Immediately call your gas supplier
from a neighbor’s phone. Follow the
gas supplier’s instructions.
•If you cannot reach your gas supplier,
call the fire department.
- For your family’s comfort, safety and
convenience, it is recommended this
water heater be installed and serviced by
a plumbing professional.
WARNING: If the information in
these instructions is not followed
exactly, a fire or explosion may
result causing property damage,
personal injury or death.

2
SECTION I: IMPORTANT INFORMATION
This water heater has a limited warranty. The warranty for this water heater is valid only if the water heater
has been installed, maintained and operated in accordance with these instructions. The warranty does not
cover damage or injury caused by the use of any energy-saving devices (other than those authorized by the
manufacturer) in conjunction with this water heater. The use of unauthorized energy-saving devices may
decrease the life of the water heater and endanger life and/or property. The manufacturer will not be liable for
any damage, injury, or loss of life resulting from alteration and/or failure to comply with these instructions.
IMPORTANT-Before proceeding, please inspect the water heater and components for possible damage. DO NOT
install damaged components. If damage is evident, please contact the supplier where the water heater was
purchased or the manufacturer listed on the rating plate for replacement parts.
NOTICE
I
IMPORTANT INFORMATION..........................2
VIII
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS.....................21
II
SPECIFICATIONS............................................5
IX
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS......................23
III
GENERAL INFORMATION..............................8
X
MAINTENANCE.............................................32
IV INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS..................10 XI
DIAGNOSTIC AND TROUBLESHOOTING
GUIDE............................................................34
V
VENTING........................................................15
XII
PARTS LIST...................................................54
VI WATER CONNECTIONS……………………..17 XIII
INSTALLATION FOR POTABLE
WATER AND SPACE HEATING...................55
VII
GAS CONNECTIONS....................................19
XIV
NOTES………………………………………….56
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This gas-fired water heater is design certified by CSA International under the American National Standard,
Z21.10.3 and CAN/CGA 4.3-M (as indicated on the rating plate). These standards are available from CSA
Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5N6 CANADA.
This water heater must be installed in accordance with local codes. In the absence of local codes, it must be
installed in compliance with the National Fuel Gas Code (ANSI Z223.1-Latest Edition), or in Canada CAN/CGA
B149.1 Natural Gas Installation Code (Latest Edition) or CAN/CGA B149.2 Propane Installation Code (Latest
Edition).
The following terms are used throughout this manual to bring attention to the presence of hazards at various
risk levels, or to important information concerning product life.
READ CAREFULLY
Indicates special instructions on installation,
operation or maintenance, which are important
but not related to personal injury hazards.
NOTICE
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which,
if not avoided, could result in death, serious injury
or substantial property damage.
WARNING
Indicates potentially hazardous situation, which, if
not avoided, may result in moderate or minor
injury or property damage.
CAUTION
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation,
which, if not avoided, will result in death, serious
injury or substantial property damage.
DANGER

3
DANGER
DO NOT store or use gasoline or other flammable, combustible, or corrosive vapors and/or liquids in the vicinity of this
or any other appliance.
This water heater is equipped with an adjustable thermostat to control water temperature. Hot water temperatures
required for automatic dishwasher and laundry use can cause scald burns resulting in serious personal injury and/or
death. The temperature at which injury occurs varies with the person’s age and the time of exposure.
The slower
response time of disabled persons increases the hazards to them. NEVER allow small children to use a hot water tap,
or to draw their own bath water. NEVER leave a child or disabled person unattended in a bathtub or shower.
Toxic chemical, such as those used for boiler treatment, must not be introduced into potable water used for space
heating.
This water heater must not be connected to an existing heating system or component(s) previously used with a non-
potable water heating appliance.
All piping components connected to this water heater for space heating applications must be suitable for use with
potable water.
WARNING
Improper installation, adjustments, alteration, service or maintenance can cause property damage, personal injury or
loss of life. Failure to follow all instructions in the proper order can cause personal injury or death. Read and
understand all instructions, including all those provided with the appliance before installing, starting-up, operating,
maintaining or servicing this appliance. Keep this manual and literature in legible condition with this water heater for
reference by owner and service technician.
This water heater requires regular maintenance and service to operate safely. Follow the instructions contained in this
manual.
Installation, maintenance, and service must be performed only by a qualified, skilled and knowledgeable installer or
service provider.
Installation is not complete unless a temperature and pressure relief valve is installed into the proper location at the
top of this water heater.
It is the responsibility of the installing contractor to see that all controls are correctly installed and are properly
operating when the installation is complete.
DO NOT operate this water heater without first being certain it is filled with water.
DO NOT tamper with or alter the water heater and/or controls.
DO NOT operate water heater with jumpered or absent controls or safety devices.
DO NOT operate water heater if any external part has been under water. Immediately call a qualified service
technician to inspect the appliance and to replace any part of the control system including gas controls, which has
been under water.
DO NOT attempt to use this water heater with any gas other than the type listed on the rating plate. Do not attempt to
convert this water heater for use with a gas other than the type for which it is equipped. Failure to use the proper gas
can create an unsafe condition resulting in property damage, bodily injury, or death. Consult your local gas supplier or
gas company if there are any questions.
For installations in high altitude regions, this water heater must be ordered from the supplier to the manufacturer’s
specifications for that particular altitude. Contact the company listed on the rating plate when ordering high altitude
constructed water heaters.
Incorrect operation of this appliance may create a hazard to life and property and will nullify the warranty.
DO NOT operate this water heater if the input rate exceeds the rate shown on the water heater rating plate.
This water heater contains very hot water under high pressure. Do not unscrew any pipe fittings nor attempt to
disconnect any components of this water heater without positively assuring the water is cool and is not under pressure.
Always wear protective clothing and equipment when installing, starting up or servicing this water heater to prevent
scald injuries. Do not rely on the temperature gauges to determine the temperature. Do not touch any components
unless they are cool.
This water heater must be properly vented and connected to an approved vent system in good condition. DO NOT
operate water heater with the absence of an approved vent system. A clean and unobstructed vent system is
necessary to allow noxious fumes that could cause injury or loss of life to vent safely and will contribute toward
maintaining the water heater’s efficiency.

4
WARNING
This water heater needs fresh air for safe operation and must be installed so there are provisions for adequate
combustion and ventilation air. Insufficient air supply will cause a recirculation of combustion products resulting in
contamination that may be hazardous to life. This will result in carboning or sooting of the combustion chamber,
burners, and flue tubes and creates a risk of asphyxiation.
Water heater materials of construction, products of combustion and the fuel contain carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
aldehydes and/or other toxic or harmful substances which can cause death or serious injury and which are known to
the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. Always use proper safety clothing,
respirators and equipment when servicing or working nearby this water heater.
Flammable items, pressurized containers or any other potential fire hazardous articles must never be placed on or
adjacent to the water heater. Open containers of flammable material should not be stored or used in the same room
with this water heater.
Insulation blankets are not required for this water heater. This water heater meets or exceeds the ASHRAE/IES 90.1b
(latest edition) standards with respect to insulation and standby loss requirements.
Setting the water temperature to the maximum set point can result in scalding hot water delivered to the
faucets. It is highly recommended that the maximum setpoint be adjusted to the lowest temperature possible
for the needs of the installation. See following section in this Installation/Operation Manual to change the
maximum setpoint limit (max setpoint). Make sure the water heater control display is not in a public area that
can result in the temperature settings being improperly adjusted.
Hydrogen gas can be produced in an operating water heater that has not had water drawn from the tank fo
r a long
period of time (generally two weeks or more). Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable. To prevent the possibility of injury
under these conditions, we recommend the hot water faucet to be open for several minutes at the kitchen sink before
you use any electrical appliance, which is connect to the hot water system. If hydrogen is present, there will be unusual
sounds such as air escaping through the pipes as hot water begins to flow. Do not smoke or have open flame near the
faucet at the time it is open.
Do not use this appliance if any external part to the tank has been submerged in water. You should contact a qualified
service technician to inspect the appliance and to replace any part of the control system including the combination gas
control which has been submerged in water. See the Gas Connections section of this manual before servicing or replacing
a water heater that has had any external part to the tank submerged in water.
To comply with NSF requirements this water heater is to be:
a) Sealed to the floor with sealant, in a smooth and easily cleanable way, or
b) Installed with an optional leg kit that includes legs and/or extensions that provide a minimum clearance of 6”
beneath the water heater.
Liquefied petroleum gases/propane gas is heavier than air and will remain at floor level if there is a leak.
Basements, crawl spaces, closets and areas below ground level will serve as pockets for accumulation of
leaking gas. Before lighting, smell all around the appliance area for gas. Be sure to smell next to the floor.
IF YOU SMELL GAS:
•DO NOT try to light any appliance.
•DO NOT touch any electric switch; do not use any telephone in your building.
•Immediately call your gas supplier from a telephone in another building. Follow the gas supplier’s
instructions.
•If you cannot reach your gas supplier, call the fire department.
DO NOT OPERATE THE APPLIANCE UNTIL THE LEAKAGE IS CORRECTED!
WARNING
Prior to connecting the gas supply line to a gas fired water heater, ensure that the gas supply line does not have
moisture/water or dirt/scale inside the gas line. Commonly this check is done at the lowest point in the gas
distribution system prior to gas burning appliances.
WARNING

5
SECTION II: SPECIFICATIONS
Non-Flue Damper Models and Flue Damper Models (Figure 1)
Model Description
A
(in) B (in) C (in) D (in) E (in) F (in)
Capacity
(GAL)
Input (BTU/hr)
Nat.
LP
100
199,999
199,999
75.00
64.75
56.50
4.63
23
6
100
250,000
250,000
75.00
64.75
56.50
4.63
23
6
100
270,000
N/A
75.00
64.75
56.50
4.63
23
6
100
300,000
300,000
75.44
64.75
56.50
4.63
23
7
80
399,999
375,000
71.50
60.25
51.50
10.25
N/A
8
80
450,000
425,000
69.00
60.25
51.50
10.25
N/A
10
80
505,000
475,000
69.00
60.25
51.50
10.25
N/A
10
Model Description
A
(cm)
B
(cm)
C
(cm)
D
(cm)
E
(cm)
F
(cm)
Capacity
Input (kW/hr)
(Litres)
Nat.
LP
378.5
58.6
58.6
191
164
144
11.8
58.4
15.2
378.5
73.2
73.2
191
164
144
11.8
58.4
15.2
378.5
79.1
N/A
191
164
144
11.8
58.4
15.2
378.5
87.9
87.9
192
166
144
11.8
58.4
17.8
302.8
117.2
109.9
181
153
131
26.0
N/A
20.3
302.8
131.8
124.5
175
153
131
26.0
N/A
25.4
302.8
148.0
139.2
175
153
131
26.0
N/A
25.4
1. N/A - Denotes not available.
Non-Flue Damper Models (Figure 2)
Model Description
A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.)
Capacity
(GAL)
Input
(BTU/hr)
65
370,000
71.38
64.75
54.13
8
65
399,999
(NAT ONLY)
71.38 64.75 54.13 8
75
300,000
72.00
65.75
54.13
7
80
425,000
81.00
75.50
64.50
10
80
505,000
81.00
75.50
64.50
10
Model Description
A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm)
Capacity
(Litres)
Input
(kW/hr)
246.1
108.4
181
164
137
20.3
246.1
117.2
(NAT ONLY)
181 164 137 20.3
283.9
87.9
183
167
137
17.8
302.8
124.5
206
192
164
25.4
302.8
148.0
206
192
164
25.4
Flue Damper Models (Figure 2)
Model Description
A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.)
Capacity
(GAL)
Input
(BTU/hr)
65
370,000
73.25
64.75
54.50
8
65
399,999
(NAT ONLY)
73.25 64.75 54.50 8
75
300,000
75.88
65.75
54.13
7
80
425,000
82.75
75.50
64.50
10
80
505,000
82.75
75.50
64.50
10
Model Description
A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm)
Capacity
(Litres)
Input
(kW/hr)
246.1
108.4
186
165
138
20.3
246.1
117.2
(NAT ONLY)
186 165 138 20.3
283.9
87.9
193
167
138
17.8
302.8
124.5
210
192
164
25.4
302.8
148.0
210
192
164
25.4
Figure 1
Figure 2

6
Flue Damper Models and Non-Flue Damper Models (Figure 3)
Model Description
A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.)
E
(in.)
Capacity
(GAL)
Input
(BTU/hr)
38
155,000
51.00
43.50
35.00
33.75
6
Model Description
A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm) E (cm)
Capacity
(Litres)
Input
(kW/hr)
143.9
45.4
130
110
89
86
15.2
Non-Flue Damper Models (Figure 4)
Model Description
A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.) E (in.) F (in.)
Cap.
(GAL)
Input
(BTU/hr)
80
180,000
70.13
66.25
64.50
56.00
19.50
55.13
80
199,999
70.13
66.25
64.50
56.00
19.50
55.13
80
250,000
(235,000 LP)
70.13 66.25 64.50 56.00 19.50 55.13
98
199,999
81.13
77.25
75.50
67.00
19.50
66.13
98
250,000
(235,000 LP)
82.88 77.25 75.50 67.00 19.50 66.13
100
199,999
75.50
69.88
61.88
60.38
20.75
56.88
100
250,000
75.50
69.88
61.88
60.38
20.75
56.88
Flue Damper Models (Figure 4)
Model Description
A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.) E (in.) F (in.)
Cap.
(GAL)
Input
(BTU/HR)
80
180,000
71.88
66.25
64.50
56.00
19.50
55.13
80
199,999
71.88
66.25
64.50
56.00
19.50
55.13
80
250,000
(235,000 LP)
71.88 66.25 64.50 56.00 19.50 55.13
98
199,999
83.38
77.25
75.50
67.00
19.50
66.13
98
250,000
(235,000 LP)
88.38 77.25 75.50 67.00 19.50 66.13
100
199,999
76.75
70.00
67.88
60.38
20.75
56.88
100
250,000
76.75
70.00
67.88
60.38
20.75
56.88
Model Description
A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm) E (cm) F (cm)
Cap.
(Liters)
Input
(kW/hr)
302.8
52.8
178
169
164
142
49.5
140
302.8
58.7
178
169
164
142
49.5
140
302.8
73.3
(68.9 LP)
178 169 164 142 49.5 140
371.0
58.7
206
196
192
170
49.5
168
371.0
73.3
(68.9 LP)
211 196 192 170 49.5 168
378.5
58.7
192
177
157
153
52.7
144
378.5
73.3
192
177
157
153
52.7
144
Model Description
A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm) E (cm) F (cm)
Cap.
(Liters)
Input
(kW/hr)
302.8
52.8
183
169
164
142
49.5
1.40
302.8
58.7
183
169
164
142
49.5
1.40
302.8
73.3
(68.9 LP)
183 169 164 142 49.5 1.40
371.0
58.7
224
196
192
170
49.5
1.68
371.0
73.3
(68.9 LP)
224 196 192 170 49.5 1.68
378.5
58.7
192
177
157
153
52.7
1.44
378.5
73.3
192
177
157
153
52.7
1.44
Figure 3
Figure 4

7
Non-Flue Damper Models (Figure 5)
Flue Damper Models (Figure 5)
The following notes apply to the tables accompanying Figures 1 - 5.
1. All models with flue dampers and/or above 400,000 BTU per hour input employ a “spark to pilot” (IID) ignition system
and requires 120 volt AC electric supply.
2. Model number may have a suffix “N” for natural gas or “X” for liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. Some models may have
“A” as a suffix for ASME. Check the rating plate on front of the water heater for model number verification.
Model Description A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.) E (in.)
Capacity
(GAL) Input (BTU/hr)
75
160,000
(155,000
LP)
70.13 67.13 65.00 54.50 6
Model Description A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm) E (cm)
Capacity
(Liters) Input (kW/hr)
283.9
46.9
(45.4 LP)
178 171 165 138 15.2
Model Description A
(in.) B (in.) C (in.) D (in.) E (in.)
Capacity
(GAL) Input (BTU/hr)
75 125,000 72.25 67.13 65.00 54.50 5
75
160,000
(155,000
LP)
72.25 67.13 65.00 54.50 6
Model Description A
(cm) B (cm) C (cm) D (cm) E (cm)
Capacity
(Liters)
Input
(kW/hr)
283.9 36.6 183 171 165 138 12.7
283.9 46.9
(45.4 LP)
184 171 165 138 15.2
Figure 5

8
SECTION III: GENERAL INFORMATION
FEATURES
1. Porcelain enamel lined tank provides corrosion protection with a tough glass lining on the interior of the tank.
2. Magnesium anodes provide an extra measure of protection and extends tank life.
3. Flue Damper on 24 volt ignition models reduces standby losses on the burner off cycle saving fuel.
4. Hand Hole Cleanout allows inspection of tank interior and allows the removal of lime and sediment deposits.
5. Honeywell Integrated Water Heater Control on 24 volt models having the following features:
•Attractive digital water heater display on control panel for precisely setting and displaying the temperature setpoint.
Pressing temperature up and down buttons changes the temperature setpoint. Temperature format may be
displayed in degrees F or degrees C.
•Single control board with plug in wiring controls temperature, ignition, and flue damper operation.
•Reduced number of parts for servicing and wiring.
•Plug in wiring reduces chance of miswiring.
•Water heater display will show diagnostic codes in the event the water heater needs servicing. Aids in diagnosing
and servicing the water heater. Temperature of the tank sensors can be monitored in the Service Mode.
•Water heater display can show up to 10 previous error codes to further aid in servicing the water heater.
Keep clear of combination temperature and pressure relief valve discharge line outlet. The discharge may be
hot enough to cause scald injury. The water is under pressure and may splash.
For protection against excessive temperatures and pressure, install temperature and pressure protective equipment
required by local codes, but not less than a combination temperature and pressure relief valve certified by a
nationally recognized testing laboratory that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or
materials as meeting the requirements of the Standard for Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot
Water Supply Systems, ANS Z21.22 and the Standard CAN1-4.4 Temperature, Pressure, Temperature and
Pressure Relief Valves and Vacuum Relief Valves. The combination temperature and pressure relief valve must be
marked with a maximum set pressure not to exceed the maximum working pressure of the water heater. The
combination temperature and pressure relief valve must also have an hourly rated temperature steam BTU
discharge capacity not less than the hourly rating of the water heater.
Install the combination temperature and pressure relief valve into the opening provided and marked for this purpose
on the water heater.
Note: Some models may already be equipped or supplied with a combination temperature and pressure relief valve.
Verify that the combination temperature and pressure relief valve complies with local codes. If the combination
temperature and pressure relief valve does not comply with local codes, replace it with one that does. Follow the
installation instructions above on this page.
Install a discharge line so that water discharged from the combination temperature and pressure relief valve will exit
within six (6) inches (15.2 cm) above, or any distance below the structural floor and cannot contact any live electrical
part. The discharge line is to be installed to allow for complete drainage of both the combination temperature and
pressure relief valve and the discharge line. The discharge opening must not be subjected to blockage or freezing.
DO NOT thread, plug or cap the discharge line. It is recommended that a minimum clearance of four (4) inches (10.2
cm) be provided on the side of the water heater for servicing and maintenance of the combination temperature and
pressure relief valve.
Do not place a valve between the combination temperature and pressure relief valve and the tank.
WARNING

9
DISHWASHING MACHINE REQUIREMENTS
All dishwashing machines meeting the National Sanitation Foundation requirements are designed to operate with water
flow pressures between 15 and 25 pounds per square inch. Flow pressures above 25 pounds per square inch, or below 15
pounds per square inch, will result in improperly sanitized dishes.
The National Sanitation Foundation also recommends circulation of 180°F water. Where this is done, the circulation should
be very gentle so that it does not cause any unnecessary turbulence inside the water heater. The circulation should be just
enough to provide 180°F water at the point of take-off to the dishwashing machine. Adjust flow by means of the valve in
the circulation line.
A sacrificial anode is used to extend tank life. The removal of this anode, except for inspection and/or replacement, will
nullify the warranty. In areas where water is unusually active, an odor may occur at the hot water faucet due to a reaction
between the sacrificial anode and the impurities in the water. If this should happen, an alternative anode may be
purchased from the supplier that installed this water heater. This will minimize the odor while protecting the tank.
Additionally, the water heater should be flushed with appropriate dissolvers to eliminate any bacteria.
WARNING
This product contains one or more chemicals known to the State of
California to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm.

10
SECTION IV: INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
INSTALLATION OF THIS WATER HEATER REQUIRES ABILITY EQUIVALENT TO THAT OF A LICENSED
TRADESMAN IN THE FIELD INVOLVED. PLUMBING, AIR SUPPLY, VENTING, GAS SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL
WORK ARE REQUIRED.
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LIGHT ANY GAS APPLIANCE IF YOU ARE NOT CERTAIN OF THE FOLLOWING:
•Liquefied petroleum gases/propane gas and natural gas have an odorant added by t
he gas supplier
that aids in detection of the gas.
•Most people recognize this odor as a ‘‘sulfur’’ or ‘‘rotten egg’’ smell.
•Other conditions, such as ‘‘odorant fade’’ can cause the odorant to diminish in intensity, or ‘‘fade’’,
and not be as readily detectable.
•If you have a diminished sense of smell, or are in any way unsure of the presence of gas, immediately
contact your gas supplier from a telephone in another building.
•Gas detectors are available. Contact your gas supplier or plumbing professional for more information.
Liquefied petroleum gases/propane gas is heavier than air and will remain at floor level if there is a leak.
Basements, crawl spaces, closets and areas below ground level will serve as pockets for accumulation of
leaking gas. Before lighting, smell all around the appliance area for gas. Be sure to smell next to the floor.
IF YOU SMELL GAS:
•Do not try to light any appliance.
•Do not touch any electric switch; do not use any telephone in your building.
•Immediately call your gas supplier from a telephone in another building. Follow the gas supplier’s
instructions.
•If you cannot reach your gas supplier, call the fire department.
DO NOT OPERATE THE APPLIANCE UNTIL THE LEAKAGE IS CORRECTED!
This water heater must be located in an area where leakage of the tank, water line connections, or the
combination temperature and pressure relief valve will not result in damage to the area adjacent to the water
heater or to lower floors of the structure. When such locations cannot be avoided, a suitable drain pan must
be installed under the water heater. The drain pan depth must be suitable for draining and collecting water,
and have a minimum length and width of at least four (4) inches (10.0 cm) measured from the jacket of the
water heater. The drain pan, as described above, can be purchased from your plumbing professional. The
drain pan must be piped to an adequate drain. The piping must be at least ¾ inch (2.0 cm) in diameter and
pitched for proper drainage.
Water heaters are heat producing appliances. To avoid damage or injury there must be no materials stored
against the water heater and proper care must be taken to avoid unnecessary contact (especially by children)
with the water heater components.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL FLAMMABLE MATERIALS, SUCH
AS GASOLI
NE OR PAINT THINNER BE USED OR STORED IN THE VICINITY OF THIS WATER HEATER, VENT
-
AIR INTAKE SYSTEM OR IN ANY LOCATION FROM WHICH FUMES COULD REACH THE WATER HEATER OR
VENT-AIR INTAKE SYSTEM.
WARNING