BRONKHORST CEM W101A User manual

Doc. no.: 9.17.126A Date: 02-10-2018
ATTENTION
Pleaseread this Instruction Manual carefully beforeinstalling and operating the instrument.
Not following the guidelines could resultin personal injury and/or damage to the equipment.
Controlled Evaporator and Mixer
(CEM)
Instruction Manual

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A2
Copyright
© 2018 Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Disclaimer
This document has been reviewed and is believed to be accurate. Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V. does not assume liability for
errors, inaccuracies or absence of information. The material in this document merely serves information and illustration
purposes; no rights can be derived from its contents.
Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V. reserves the right to modify or improve its products and documentation without informing
anyone. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Device specifications and the
contents of the package may deviate from what is stated in this document.
Symbols
Important information. Disregarding this information could cause injuries to people or damage to the instrument or
installation.
Helpful information. This information will facilitate the use of the instrument and/or contribute to its optimal
performance.
Additional info available on the internet or from your local Bronkhorst representative.
Receipt of equipment
Check the outside package box for damage incurred during shipment. If the box is damaged, then the local carrier must be
notified at once regarding his liability, if so required. At the same time a report should be submitted to your local
Bronkhorst representative.
Carefully remove the equipment from the box. Verify that the contents of the package was not damaged during shipment.
Should the equipment be damaged, then the local carrier must be notified at once regarding his liability, if so required. At
the same time a report should be submitted to your local Bronkhorst representative.
·Check the packing list to ensure that you received all of the items included in the scope of delivery
·Do not discard spare or replacement parts with the packaging material
Refer to Removal and return instructions about return shipment procedures.
Equipment storage
The equipment should be stored in its original package in a cupboard warehouse or similar. Care should be taken not to
subject the equipment to excessive temperatures or humidity.

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 3
Warranty
Bronkhorst® products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from the date
of shipment, provided they are used in accordance with the ordering specifications and not subject to abuse or physical
damage. Products that do not operate properly during this period may be repaired or replaced at no charge. Repairs are
normally warranted for one year or the balance of the original warranty, whichever is the longer.
See also section 9 (Guarantee) of the Conditions of sales:
www.bronkhorst.com/about/conditions-of-sales/
The warranty includes all initial and latent defects, random failures, and indeterminable internal causes.
It excludes failures and damage caused by the customer, such as contamination, improper electrical hook-up, physical shock
etc.
Re-conditioning of products primarily returned for warranty service that is partly or wholly judged non-warranty may be
charged for.
Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V. or affiliated company prepays outgoing freight charges when any part of the service is
performed under warranty, unless otherwise agreed upon beforehand, however, if the product has been returned collect to
our factory or service center, these costs are added to the repair invoice. Import and/or export charges, foreign shipping
methods/carriers are paid by the customer.
General safety precautions
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully before using the product.
Before operating, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables for cracks or breaks before each use.
The equipment and accessories must be used in accordance with their specifications and operating instructions, otherwise
the safety of the equipment may be impaired.
If required, replace fuses with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Opening the equipment is not allowed. There are no user serviceable parts inside. In case of a defect please return the
equipment to Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V.
One or more warning signs may be present on different parts of the product. These signs have the following meaning:
Consult the instruction manual for handling instructions
Surface may get hot during operation
Shock hazard; electrical parts inside
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components must be obtained from Bronkhorst. Standard
fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are
not safety related may be obtained from other suppliers, as long as they are equivalent to the original component. Selected
parts should be obtained only through Bronkhorst, to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product. If you are unsure
about the relevance of a replacement component, contact your local Bronkhorst representative for information.

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A4

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 5
Table of contents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Introduction 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 Scope of this manual
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 Intended use
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 Product description
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 Product overview
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 Documentation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.6 Model key
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Installation 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1 Functional properties
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 Mounting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 Electrical connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 System assembly
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Assembly tips 2.4.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Basic assembly 2.4.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Working under vacuum 2.4.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.5 Fluid supply
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Carrier gas 2.5.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Liquid purity 2.5.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Minimizing gas dissolution 2.5.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Liquid vessel size 2.5.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.6 Media compatibility
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Operation 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 Powering up
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 Required setpoints
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.3 Starting vapour production
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4 Stopping vapour production
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.5 Bleeding mixing valve
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.6 Purging
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.7 Digital parameters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Maintenance 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Troubleshooting and service 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.1 Common issues
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.2 Service
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Returns 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.1 Removal and return instructions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.2 Disposal (end of lifetime)

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A6

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 7
1Introduction
1.1 Scope of this manual
This manual contains general product information, installation and operating instructions and troubleshooting tips for the
Bronkhorst® Controlled Evaporator and Mixer (CEM).
1.2 Intended use
The Bronkhorst® CEM is designed for mass flow control of vapours created from liquid and gas, using the media and
operating conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure) as specified at ordering time.
The equipment is suited for general purpose indoor (dry) applications, like laboratories and machine enclosures.
The end user is considered to be familiar with the necessary safety precautions, and to comply with the appropriate
protective measures as described in the Material Safety Data Sheets of the media to be used in the system (if applicable).
The wetted materials incorporated in the CEM are compatible with media and conditions (e.g. pressure, temperature) as
specified at ordering time. If you are planning to use the product (including any third party components supplied by
Bronkhorst, such as pumps or valves) with other media and/or other conditions, always check the wetted materials
(including seals) for compatibility. See the technical specifications of the product and consult third party documentation (if
applicable) to check the incorporated materials.
Responsibility for the use of the equipment with regard to suitability, intended use, cleaning and corrosion resistance of the
used materials against the applied media lies solely with the end user. Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V. cannot be held liable for
any damage resulting from improper use, use for other than the intended purpose or use with other media and/or under
other conditions than specified on the purchase order.

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A8
1.3 Product description
The CEM comprises a control valve (also called 'mixing valve'),
a mixing chamber and a heat exchanger (see product
overview), to add a liquid to a carrier gas and transform the
mix into a vapour.
A complete CEM system is a modular setup with the CEM
itself as the core component. To feed it with liquid and gas,
the CEM is complemented with a liquid flow meter with
control function (e.g. a mini CORI-FLOW or LIQUI-FLOW) and a
gas flow controller (e.g. an EL-FLOW Select). The liquid flow
meter uses the mixing valve of the CEM to control the liquid
flow rate.
The gas serves as a mixing component and as a means of
transport for the vapour, and is therefore also referred to as
'carrier gas'. The mixing valve atomizes the liquid and adds it
to the carrier gas, creating an aerosol, which is heated by the
CEM until it transforms into a vapour. To monitor the internal
temperature of the heat exchanger, the CEM incorporates a
PT100 temperature sensor. An internal safety switch prevents
overheating of the heat exchanger, by interrupting the control signal as soon as the temperature reaches 200 °C.
To control the liquid and gas supply flows and the CEM temperature, Bronkhorst offers an E-8000 readout and control unit.
This module contains a temperature controller for the heat exchanger and provides a user interface to operate the
instrumentation. The E-8000 module also serves as a power supply unit and can be optionally equipped with a fieldbus
interface for the CEM.
1.4 Product overview
W-10x / W-20x
W-30x
1. Control valve
2. Mixing chamber
3. Liquid inlet
4. Heat exchanger
5. Bleed connection
6. Control valve actuator connection
7. Gas inlet
8. Power and signal connection
a. Signal
b. Power
9. Vapour outlet

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 9
1.5 Documentation
The CEM comes with all necessary documentation for basic operation and maintenance. Some parts of this manual refer to
other documents, which can be downloaded from the Bronkhorst website.
In addition to the CEM itself, a complete CEM system comprises other instruments and peripherals, which are not described
in this manual. Consult the according manuals for installation and operation instructions.
The documentation listed in the following table is available on the CEM product pages under
www.bronkhorst.com/products
Type
Document name
Document no.
Brochures
CEM Brochure
9.60.038
Manuals
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer (this document)
9.17.126
Instruction manual E-8000
9.17.076
Hook-up diagrams
Hook-up diagram CEM W101A-W102A-W202A
9.16.086
Hook-up diagram CEM W303B 120V
9.16.116
Hook-up diagram CEM W303B 230V
9.16.115
Dimensional drawings
Dimensional drawing W-101A
7.05.585
Dimensional drawing W-102A-W202A
7.05.574
Dimensional drawing W-303B 115V-230V
7.05.902
The documentation listed in the following table can be downloaded from www.bronkhorst.com/downloads :
Type
Document
Document no.
General documentation
EU Declaration of Conformity
9.06.058

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A10
1.6 Model key
The model key on the serial number label contains information about the technical properties of the instrument as ordered.
The actual properties of your instrument can be retrieved with the diagram below.

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 11
2Installation
2.1 Functional properties
Before installing the CEM, check the serial number label to see if the functional properties match
your requirements:
·Instrument type (technical properties; see Model key)
·Flow rates (gas and liquid)
·Media to be used in the instrument
·Power supply
Test pressure
Bronkhorst® instruments are pressure tested to at least 1.5 times the specified working process
conditions and outboard leak tested to at least 2 * 10-9 mbar l/s Helium. The tested pressure is specified
on the instrument with a red label.
·Before installation, make sure that the tested pressure is in accordance with the safety factor of your application
·If the pressure test label is missing or if the specified pressure is insufficient, the instrument must not be used and should
be returned to the factory
·The maximum operating pressure must never exceed the tested pressure
·Disassembling the instrument and/or replacing parts of it will invalidate the pressure test specification.
2.2 Mounting
The CEM must be mounted vertically, with the control valve up and the vapour outlet pointing down (as shown in the
product overview).
For optimal performance, please observe the following:
·Use the mounting holes on the rear to attach the CEM to a rigid and stable construction. Check the dimensional drawing
for the exact positions and size of the mounting holes
·Avoid installation in close proximity of mechanical vibration and/or heat sources.
2.3 Electrical connection
Electrical connections must be made with standard cables or according to the applicable hook-up diagrams. Make sure that
the power supply is suitable for the power ratings as indicated on the serial number label or in the technical specifications
of the instrument, and that double or reinforced insulation is used for the power supply.
The device contains electronic components that are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. Proper handling
procedures must be followed during installation, (dis)connecting and removing the electronics.
The device described in this manual carries the CE-mark and is compliant with the concerning EMC requirements.
However, compliance with the EMC requirements is not possible without the use of proper cables and connector/gland
assemblies. Bronkhorst recommends the use of their standard cables. These cables have the right connectors and if loose
ends are used, these are marked to help prevent wrong connection. When using other cables, cable wire diameters should
be sufficient to carry the supply current, and voltage loss must be kept as low as possible. When in doubt, contact your local
Bronkhorst representative.
When connecting the product to other devices, be sure that the integrity of the shielding is not affected; always use
shielded cabling for signals and communication and do not use unshielded wire terminals.

Bronkhorst®
Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A12
Caution: when using the CEM without a Bronkhorst® readout and control unit (E-8000), observe the following guidelines:
·The heat exchanger is not suitable for constant AC power supply
·The heat exchanger should be incorporated in a temperature control circuit
·The CEM does not contain a fuse. Consult the hook-up diagram for the recommended fuse type to be used for the
temperature control circuit
·The safety switch inside the heat exchanger is not part of the AC power supply circuit
The recommended maximum cable length between the CEM and the control unit is 5 m. The internal electrical resistance
of the cable causes a deviation of the readout signal of the temperature sensor of the CEM (approximately 0.1 °C/m).
2.4 System assembly
2.4.1 Assembly tips
Tubing length
Because of the low flow rates fed to the CEM system, filling (and refreshing) the internal volume of the tubing can take a fair
amount of time. It will also take some time for the vapour flow to settle after flow setpoints are changed (response delay).
Fill time and response delay are affected mainly by the length and inside diameter of the tubing and the supported flow
ranges of the flow meters/controllers.
By minimizing tubing lengths between the flow meters/controllers and the CEM, the filling/response time can be kept as
short as possible. It can also reduce the impact of external disturbances like temperature, pressure and vibrations.
Tubing diameter and flexibility
·Use tubing with a minimal diameter that still supports the required media flow; this will help keep the filling and
refreshing time of the fluidic lines as short as possible.
·Preferably use hard tubing (as opposed to flexible), to prevent internal volume changes and reduce the impact of
ambient pressure fluctuations.
Insulation and heat tracing
Applying insulation material on the liquid and gas tubing can minimize the influence of ambient temperature gradients
on the supply side of the CEM. Alternatively, mount the entire system in a thermal enclosure to minimize temperature
influences from the environment.
Heat tracing
The ambient conditions or adding extra gases to the vapour after the CEM outlet can cause the vapour to condensate
before the process or further down the line. To prevent this, apply heat tracing tape or use heated tubing.
2.4.2 Basic assembly
·Connect the outlet of the liquid flow meter to the liquid
inlet of the CEM (mind the FLOW arrow on the instrument
base)
·Connect the outlet of the gas flow controller to the gas
inlet of the CEM (mind the FLOW arrow on the instrument
base)
·Connect the vapour outlet directly to the
process/reactor/chamber
·Connect an actuator cable from the liquid flow meter to
the mixing valve (refer to the hook-up diagrams of the
flow meter and the CEM to connect the required signals)
·Check the fluidic system for leaks before applying full process pressure, especially if toxic, explosive or other dangerous
fluids are used
·Do not apply pressure until all required electrical connections are made

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Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 13
2.4.3 Working under vacuum
Depending on the used media and ambient conditions (temperature and pressure), draining and purging under vacuum
can shorten the time that is needed to have all components of the fluidic system clean and dry.
For draining and purging under vacuum, extending the fluidic system with some additional tubing and valves is strongly
recommended. This will facilitate easy and flexible deployment of the vacuum process, without sacrificing the accuracy and
reliability of the instrumentation of the CEM system.
·To prevent leakage from the main fluidic path and the process to the vacuum lines, the vacuum lines should be
separated from the main line with leak proof shut-off valves
·Additional components needed to enable vacuumising of the system may also require additional steps to be taken when
performing operational procedures (bleeding, purging, starting vapour production, stopping vapour production)
·If necessary, contact your Bronkhorst representative for more information and assistance
2.5 Fluid supply
The recommendations in this section will help reduce risks of clogging and improve vapour flow stability.
2.5.1 Carrier gas
The carrier gas must be clean and dry. Impurities or particles in the gas can cause unwanted chemical reactions with the
liquid and/or clogging of the fluidic system.
·If the presence of particles in your process media cannot be ruled out, installing a particle filter in the carrier gas supply
line (upstream from the flow controller) is strongly recommended.
·If necessary, install a de-humidifier in the carrier gas supply line (upstream from eventual filters). Humidity in the carrier
gas can cause chemical reactions in the mixing valve in combination with certain liquids.
·Purging the fluidic system before each use will reduce the presence of contaminants and remove moisture from the gas
lines. See Purging for instructions.
2.5.2 Liquid purity
·If the presence of particles in your process media cannot be ruled out, installing a particle filter in the liquid supply line
(upstream from the flow controller) is strongly recommended.
·Select a suitable filter size, to minimize the pressure drop, to prevent a degassing effect and instability of the liquid
supply.
·For hydrophobic liquids use a hydrophobic filter.
Note that a filter will not stop dissolved matter like minerals and chemical stabilizers.
2.5.3 Minimizing gas dissolution
Henry's Law
Typically, the CEM will be supplied with liquid from a pressurized container.
However, pressurizing a liquid with a gas makes a portion of the gas dissolve in the
liquid. The higher the gas pressure, the more gas will be dissolved in the liquid
(Henry's Law: the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial
pressure of the gas above the liquid). When the temperature rises or the pressure
drops further down the line, the gas will come out of solution and form bubbles in
the liquid, which makes it unstable.

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Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A14
Gas entrapment by dissolution can be minimized by taking one of the following measures:
·Use a container or vessel with a membrane to pressurize the liquid; the membrane separates the gas from the liquid, so it
cannot dissolve.
·Use a pump to feed the liquid. Note, however, that some pumps have a large internal volume, which lengthens the start-
up time of the system. Also, some pump types (e.g. gear pumps) can cause cavitation, which introduces gas bubbles,
exactly what was to be prevented.
If direct pressurization of the liquid with a gas is inevitable, these measures can keep gas dissolution to a minimum:
·Use a gas with a low solubility to pressurize the liquid (for instance Helium)
·Keep the gas pressure on the liquid as low as possible
·Relieve the gas pressure from the liquid when the CEM system is not in use
2.5.4 Liquid vessel size
The liquid vessel should be large enough to provide a stable flow for a sufficient amount of time between refills. Purging or
flushing the fluidic system can consume a relatively large amount of liquid; take this into account when selecting a suitable
vessel size. The table below gives an indication of the liquid consumption, based on different flow rates:
Flow rate
Liquid consumption
g/h
mg/min
g per work week (40 hours)
g per week (24x7 hours)
0.1
1.6
4
16.8
1
16
40
169
10
160
400
1680
100
1600
4000
16800
2.6 Media compatibility
The wetted parts of the CEM are made of SS316 (heater) and SS304 (mixing valve). The standard sealing material for the
mixing valve is Kalrez®, which is compatible with a wide range of chemicals.
Before deploying the CEM with any other media than specified at ordering time, be sure that the media are compatible
with the wetted materials and sealing material. Accumulation of corrosion matter on the tubing interior can easily
destabilize the flow, especially with (extremely) low flows.

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Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 15
3Operation
In systems for use with corrosive, reactive or explosive media, purging the fluidic system for at least 30 minutes with a dry,
inert gas (like Nitrogen or Argon) is absolutely necessary before use. After use with such media, complete purging is also
required before exposing the system to air.
See section Purging for general purging instructions.
After correct installation and taking all necessary safety precautions, the CEM is ready to be used.
3.1 Powering up
·It is recommended to turn on power before applying pressure and to switch off power after removing pressure
·Follow the guidelines in the manuals for the flow meters/controllers with regard to warming up
When applying pressure, avoid pressure shocks and bring the fluidic system gradually up to the level of operating
conditions; open and close the fluid supply gently.
3.2 Required setpoints
The required setpoints for the carrier gas and liquid flows and the temperature of the heat exchanger can be obtained from
FLUIDAT® on the Net, using the flow rates of the ordered instruments.
FLUIDAT® ontheNet can beaccessed viahttp://www.fluidat.com. Free registration on the FLUIDAT® website gives
access to all available fluids and functionality.
Basically, the temperature setpoint that FLUIDAT® calculates for the CEM
ensures that the heater will evaporate the liquid and that the vapour
temperature at the outlet will still be high enough to prevent condensation.
As a result, the required temperature setpoint will almost always be higher
than the required vapour temperature.
Further down the line, however, tubing length, process and ambient
conditions can cause the vapour temperature to drop to a point where
condensation might occur. See section Assembly tips how to prevent this.

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Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer 9.17.126A16
3.3 Starting vapour production
·To prevent liquid from flowing into the gas flow controller, make sure that the liquid pressure is never higher than the
gas pressure
·Always make sure to have a gas flow, before feeding the CEM with liquid. Follow the instructions in the exact order as
mentioned below:
1. Set the setpoints of both flow controllers to 0%
2. Enter the required temperature setpoint for the heat exchanger
3. Pressurize the liquid and gas supply lines to the required values
4. Bleed the mixing valve
5. Change the gas flow setpoint to the required value (this may be done while the heat exchanger is warming up)
6. Wait until
a. the carrier gas flow has stabilized and
b. the temperature of the heat exchanger has reached its setpoint
7. Start adding liquid to the carrier gas flow, by gradually increasing the liquid flow setpoint to the required value
3.4 Stopping vapour production
Do not switch off the heat exchanger before stopping the liquid flow; a too low temperature in the heat exchanger can
prevent the liquid from vaporizing, which might choke its fluidic line.
To stop the vapour flow, follow the instructions below:
1. Change the liquid flow setpoint to 0%
2. Change the CEM temperature setpoint to 0 °C
3. Change the carrier gas flow setpoint to 0%
3.5 Bleeding mixing valve
·In order to ensure stable and reliable control behaviour, the liquid tubing and dead space of the mixing valve should be
kept free of gas, by bleeding the mixing valve from time to time
·Bleeding is recommended at the following occasions:
oprior to first use of the CEM system
owhen restarting the system after purging
operiodically, to remove accumulated gas (if any) from the liquid tubing and mixing valve
·If possible, prevent accumulation of gas bubbles in the liquid tubing during operation (see Minimizing gas dissolution)
·Install a shut-off valve as close to the bleed connection as possible and connect a clear transparent tube to the valve
outlet; being able to see gas bubbles in the liquid will ease monitoring the progress of the bleeding procedure
·Make sure to connect the bleed connection to an appropriate draining facility, especially if the system is used to vaporize
dangerous liquids.
·Take appropriate safety measures, as described in the Material Safety Data Sheet(s) of the media to be processed (if
applicable).
To bleed the mixing valve, follow this procedure:
1. Change the liquid flow setpoint to 0% (this closes the mixing valve)
2. Pressurize the liquid inlet
3. Open the bleed connection (slowly) until liquid starts to escape
4. Optionally, tap the valve assembly and/or liquid inlet of the mixing valve to let gas bubbles accumulate and migrate to
the mixing valve
5. Close the bleed connection as soon as all gas has escaped through the mixing valve

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Instruction Manual Controlled Evaporator and Mixer9.17.126A 17
3.6 Purging
Purging the fluidic lines of the CEM system is sometimes necessary, to prevent clogging of the tubing and instrumentation
or (cross) contamination of process media. Purging the entire fluidic system is advised at the following occasions:
·before changing fluid types
·before and after using corrosive, reactive or explosive media
·before and after a shutdown period of more than one week
·every 3 months
Always use a dry, inert gas (like Nitrogen or Argon) to purge the fluidic system.
The purge times mentioned in the instructions below are rough indications; depending on the media properties (density,
viscosity, volatility, etc.), longer or shorter times might be recommendable.
Step 1: Preparation
a. Set all setpoints to 0% (liquid flow, carrier gas flow, CEM
temperature)
b. Connect a purging gas supply facility to the inlets of both
flow controllers (liquid and gas)
c. Pressurise the purging gas supply line
Step 2: Gas tubing
a. Change the carrier gas flow setpoint to 100%
b. Purge for at least 30 minutes
Step 3: Mixing valve
a. Change the carrier gas flow setpoint to 50%
(this will help prevent liquid from flowing into the gas tubing
and flow controller)
b. Open the bleed connection on top of the mixing valve
c. Purge for 10 to15 minutes
d. Close the bleed connection
Step 4: Liquid tubing
a. Change the liquid flow setpoint to 100%
b. Purge for at least 30 minutes
Step 5: Finishing
a. Set the carrier gas flow setpoint to 0%
b. De-pressurise the purging gas supply line
c. Set the liquid flow setpoint to 0%

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3.7 Digital parameters
Using an E-8000 CEM control module, the heating element of the CEM can be operated digitally via RS232 or fieldbus. This
section describes the parameters that are used to monitor and control the heating element.
Consult the E-8000 manual for installation information and a description of the user interface.
Measure
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Unsigned int
R
0…32000
8
1/0
0x0020/33
This parameter indicates the temperature measured by the CEM. The value range corresponds to 0…200 °C (the supported
temperature range of the CEM control module).
Setpoint
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Unsigned int
RW
0…32000
9
1/1
0x0021/34
This parameter sets the required temperature of the heater. Like Measure, its value range corresponds to 0…200 °C. Note that
the heater has no cooling functionality; a setpoint evaluating to a lower temperature than the actual heater temperature
effectively switches the heater off.
Fmeasure
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Float
R
0…200
205
33/0
0xA100…0xA101/ 41217…41218
Fmeasure returns the measured temperature in °C.
Fsetpoint
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Float
RW
0…200
206
33/3
0xA119…0xA11A/ 41241…41242
Fsetpoint sets the required temperature of the heater in °C. Note that the heater has no cooling functionality; a setpoint
lower than the actual heater temperature effectively switches the heater off.
Capacity
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Float
R
200
21
1/13
0x8168…0x8169/33129…33130
This parameter returns the maximum readout and control value (100%), expressed in units corresponding to parameter
Capacity Unit. For the CEM control module, this parameter is fixed to 200 (°C); it might come in handy when scaling the value
of parameter Measure (1 °C = 32000/200).
Capacity Unit
Type
Access
Range
FlowDDE
FLOW-BUS
Modbus
Unsigned char[7]
R
n/a
129
1/31
0x81F8…0x81FB/33273…33276
This parameter returns the capacity unit in which Fmeasure and Fsetpoint are expressed. For the CEM control module, this
parameter is fixed to °C.

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4Maintenance
No regular maintenance is required if the CEM is operated properly, with clean media, compatible with the wetted materials,
avoiding pressure and thermal shocks and vibrations. Units may be purged with a clean, dry and inert gas.
In case of severe contamination, cleaning the inside of the device may be necessary, by flushing the conduits with an
appropriate cleaning fluid.
Inexpertly servicing instruments can lead to serious personal injury and/or damage to the instrument or the system it is
used in. Therefore, servicing must be performed by trained and qualified personnel. Contact your local Bronkhorst
representative for information about cleaning and calibration. Bronkhorst has a trained staff available.

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5Troubleshooting and service
For a correct analysis of the proper operation of an instrument, it is recommended to disconnect the unit from the process
line and check it without applying fluid supply pressure. In case the unit is dirty or clogged, this can be ascertained
immediately by loosening the fittings and performing a visual inspection.
Energizing and de-energizing the instrument can indicate if there is an electronic failure. After energizing, control behaviour
can be checked by entering a temperature setpoint.
If you suspect leakage, do not disassemble the instrument for inspection, but contact your local distributor for service or
repairs.
5.1 Common issues
Symptom
Possible cause
Action
Vapour too dry
Carrier gas flow too high
Decrease carrier gas flow
Liquid flow too low
Increase liquid flow
Condensation at vapour outlet
CEM temperature setpoint too low
Increase CEM temperature setpoint
Carrier gas flow too low
Increase carrier gas flow
Liquid flow too high
Decrease liquid flow
CEM heater does not warm up
Fuse blown
Replace fuse
Temperature sensor defective
Return equipment to factory
Heater defective
Return equipment to factory
Vapour flow unstable
Pressure fluctuations on fluidic
inlets
Eliminate pressure fluctuations, e.g. by
installing a pressure regulator
CEM temperature setpoint (much)
too high
Decrease CEM temperature setpoint
CEM power too high
Use a CEM with a lower power consumption
Gas inclusion in tubing
·Flush liquid lines with processing liquid at
relatively high flow rate
·Bleed mixing valve
No communication between
instruments and readout/control
unit
No power supply
·Check power supply
·Check cable connection
·Check cable hook-up
Sensor failure
Return equipment to factory