Cactus 900S Series User manual

1
Cactus Technologies, Limited
-900S Series
Industrial Grade
SATA SSD
Product Manual
February 10, 2017
www.cactus-tech.com

Cactus Technologies, Limited
Cactus Technologies Limited -900 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 2
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Table of Contents
1.Introduction to Cactus Technologies -900 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Products ..........................................5
1.1.Supported Standards..................................................................................................................................6
1.2.Product Features........................................................................................................................................6
1.2.1.Host and Technology Independence................................................................................................6
1.2.2.Defect and Error Management........................................................................................................6
1.2.3.Power Supply Requirements...........................................................................................................7
2.Product Specifications ................................................................................................................................................7
2.1.System Environmental Specifications.......................................................................................................7
2.2.System Power Requirements.....................................................................................................................7
2.3.System Performance..................................................................................................................................8
2.4.System Reliability .....................................................................................................................................8
2.5.Physical Specifications..............................................................................................................................8
2.5.1.2.5” SATA SSD Physical Specifications .........................................................................................9
2.5.2.half-slim SSD Physical Specifications..........................................................................................11
3. Interface Description ...............................................................................................................................................14
3.1.SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type........................................................................................................14
3.2.Signal Description...................................................................................................................................14
3.3.Electrical Specification............................................................................................................................15
3.3.1.Absolute Maximum Ratings..........................................................................................................15
3.3.2.DC Characteristics.........................................................................................................................15
3.3.3.AC Characteristics.........................................................................................................................15
4.ATA Drive Register Set Definition and Protocol......................................................................................................16
4.1.ATATask File Definitions.......................................................................................................................16
4.1.1.Data Register.................................................................................................................................16
4.1.2.Error Register................................................................................................................................16
4.1.3.Feature Register ............................................................................................................................16
4.1.4.Sector Count Register....................................................................................................................17
4.1.5.Sector Number (LBA 7-0) Register...............................................................................................17
4.1.6.Cylinder Low (LBA15-8) Register...............................................................................................17
4.1.7.Cylinder High (LBA23-16) Register............................................................................................17
4.1.8.Drive/Head (LBA27-24) Register ................................................................................................17
4.1.9.Status Registers.............................................................................................................................18
4.1.10.Device Control Register..............................................................................................................18
4.1.11.Drive Address Register................................................................................................................19
5.ATA Command Description......................................................................................................................................19
5.1.ATA Command Set..................................................................................................................................19
5.1.1.Identify Drive—ECH....................................................................................................................21
6.S.M.A.R.T. Support..................................................................................................................................................23
6.1.S.M.A.R.T. Enable Operations................................................................................................................24
6.2.S.M.A.R.T. Disable Operations...............................................................................................................24
6.3.S.M.A.R.T. Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave ......................................................................................24
6.4.S.M.A.R.T. Read Data.............................................................................................................................25
6.5.S.M.A.R.T. Attributes..............................................................................................................................26
6.6.S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Thresholds....................................................................................................29
6.7.S.M.A.R.T. Return Status........................................................................................................................31
6.8.S.M.A.R.T. Read Log..............................................................................................................................32

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6.9.S.M.A.R.T. Write Log.............................................................................................................................33
6.10.S.M.A.R.T. Read Remap Data...............................................................................................................33
6.11.S.M.A.R.T. Read Wear Level Data........................................................................................................33

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1. Introduction to Cactus Technologies -900 Series
Industrial Grade SATA SSD Products
Features:
•Solid state design with no moving parts
•Industry standard 2.5” SATA Drive or 1.8” half-slim form factor
•Capacities from 4GB to 256GB for 2.5” SSD
•Capacities from 4GB to 128GB for half-slim SSD
•Compliant with Serial ATA 2.6 specifications
•Supports Serial ATA Generation I/II transfer rate of 1.5/3.0Gbps
•Support for ATA SMART Feature Set
•Support for ATA Security Feature Set
•Powerful ECC capable of correcting 8 random single bit errors per sector or 24 bits per
double sector
•High reliability, MTBF > 4,000,000 hrs.
•Enhanced error correction, < 1 error in 1014 bits read
•Intelligent power management to reduce power consumption
•Voltage support: 5.0V±10%

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The Cactus Technologies-900 Series SATA Solid State Drive(SSD) is the 2nd generation of our
standard performance SATA SSD products, succeeding the highly reliable -602 series products.
The -900 series SSD is a high capacity solid-state flash memory product that complies with the
Serial ATA 2.6 standard and is functionally compatible with a SATA hard disk drive. Cactus
Technologies -900 Series SATA SSDs provide up to 256GB of formatted storage capacity.
The Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD product uses high quality SLC
NAND flash memory from well-known vendors, such as Toshiba Corporation. In addition, it
includes an on-drive intelligent controller that manages interface protocols, data storage and
retrieval as well as ECC, defect handling and diagnostics, power management, and clock
control. The controller’s firmware is upgrade-able, thus allowing feature enhancements and
firmware updates while keeping the BOM stable.

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1.1. Supported Standards
Cactus Technologies-900 Series SATA SSD is fully electrically compatible with the following
specification:
•ATA 8 Specification published by ANSI: X3.221 AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives
•Serial ATA 2.6 Specification published by the Serial ATA International Organization
1.2. Product Features
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSD contains a high level, intelligent controller.
This intelligent controller provides many capabilities including the following:
•Standard ATA register and command set (same as found on most magnetic disk drives).
•Manages details of erasing and programming flash memory independent of the host
system
•Sophisticated defect managing capabilities (similar to magnetic disk drives).
•Sophisticated system for error recovery using powerful error correction code (ECC).
•Intelligent power management for low power operation.
1.2.1. Host and Technology Independence
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSD appears as a standard SATA disk drive to
the host system. The drive utilizes a 512-byte sector which is the same as that in an IDE magnetic
disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host computer software simply issues
an ATA Read or Write command to the drive as per the SATA protocol. The host software then
waits for the command to complete. The host system does not get involved in the details of how
the flash memory is erased, programmed or read as this is all managed by the built-in controller
in the drive. Also, with the intelligent on-board controller, the host system software will not
require changing as new flash memory evolves. Thus, systems that support the Cactus
Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSD products today will continue to work with future
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSDs built with new flash technology without
having to update or change host software.
1.2.2. Defect and Error Management
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSD contains a sophisticated defect and error
management system similar to those found in magnetic disk drives. The defect management is
completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space.
The soft error rate for Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSDs is much lower than
that of magnetic disk drives. In the extremely rare case where a read error does occur, the drive
has sophisticated ECC to recover the data.
These defect and error management systems, coupled with the solid-state construction, give
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSDs unparalleled reliability.

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1.2.3. Power Supply Requirements
Cactus Technologies-900 Series Industrial SATA SSD operates at a voltage range of 5.00 volts ±
10%.
2. Product Specifications
For all the following specifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal
supply voltage unless otherwise stated.
2.1. System Environmental Specifications
Table 2-1. Environmental Specifications
Cactus Technologies

-900
SATA SSD
Temperature Operating:
0° C to +70° C (Standard) -45° C to +90° C (Extended)
Humidity Operating & Non-Operating: 8% to 95%, non-condensing
Vibration Operating & Non-Operating: 20G, MIL-STD-883G Method
2005.2, ConditionA
Shock Operating & Non-Operating: 3,000 G, MIL-STD-883G Method
2002.4, Condition C
Altitude (relative to sea level) Operating & Non-Operating: 100,000 feet maximum
2.2. System Power Requirements
Table 2-2. Power Requirements
Cactus Technologies

-900 SATA
SSD
DC Input Voltage
(VCC)
100 mV max. ripple
(p-p)
5V ±10%
(Maximum Average
Value)
See Notes.
Sleep:
Reading:
Writing:
65 mA
205 mA
250 mA

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NOTES: All values quoted are typical at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless
otherwise stated.
Sleep mode is specified under the condition that all drive inputs are static CMOS levels
and in a “Not Busy“ operating state.
2.3. System Performance
All performance timings assume the drive controller is in the default (i.e., fastest) mode.
Table 2-3. Performance
Start Up Times Reset to ready: 35 msec typical
Read Transfer Rate
Up to 110 Mbytes/sec
Write Transfer Rate
Up to 90MBytes/sec
.
2.4. System Reliability
Table 2-4. Reliability
MTBF (@ 25°C) > 4,000,000 hours
Data Reliability < 1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits READ
Endurance: > 2,000,000 erase/program cycles
2.5. Physical Specifications
The following sections provide the physical specifications for Cactus Technologies-900 Series
Industrial SATA SSD products.

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2.5.1. 2.5” SATA SSD Physical Specifications

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Figure 2-1. 2.5” SATA SSD Dimensions

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2.5.2. half-slim SSD Physical Specifications
Figure 2-2. half-slim SSD Dimensions

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3. Interface Description
The following sections provide detailed information on the Cactus Technologies-900 Series
Industrial SATA SSD interface.
3.1. SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type
Cactus Technologies-900 Series SATA SSD uses industry standard 7+12 connector. The
signal/pin assignments are listed in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5. SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type
Signal
Segment
Pin #
Signal Name Pin Type Power
Segment
Pin #
Signal
Name Pin Type
S1 GND P1 3.3V
S2 RXP Analog In P2 3.3V
S3 RXN Analog In P3 3.3V
S4 GND P4 GND
S5 TXN Analog
Out P5 GND
S6 TXP Analog
Out P6 GND
S7 GND P7 5V
P8 5V
P9 5V
P10 GND
P11 Reserved
P12 GND
P13 12V
P14 12V
P15 12V
3.2. Signal Description
Table 3-6 describes the I/O signals. Signals whose source is the host are designated as inputs while
signals that the SATA SSD sources are outputs. The SATA SSD signal levels conform to those
specified in the Serial ATA 2.6 Specification.
Table 3-6. Signal Description

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Signal Name Dir. Description
RXN AI Differential receive negative
RXP AI Differential receive positive
TXN AO Differential transmit negative
TXP AO Differential transmit positive
3.3V
3.3V power supply; not used
12V 12V power supply; not used
GND
--
Ground.
5V 5V power supply
3.3. Electrical Specification
The following table defines all D.C. Characteristics for the SATA SSD Series. Unless otherwise
stated, conditions are:
Vcc = 5V ± 10%
Ta = -45°C to 90°C
3.3.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Symbol MIN MAX Units
Storage Temperature Ts -65 +150 oC
Operating Temperature TA-45 +90 oC
Vcc with respect to GND Vcc -0.3 6.5 V
3.3.2. DC Characteristics
Parameter Symbol MIN MAX Units
Input Voltage Vin -0.5 Vcc + 0.5 V
Output Voltage Vout -0.3 Vcc + 0.3 V
Input Leakage Current ILI -10 10 uA
Output Leakage Current ILO -10 10 uA
Input/Output Capacitance CI/Co10 pF
Operating Current
Sleep Mode
Active
ICC
65
250
mA

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3.3.3. AC Characteristics
Cactus Technologies-900 Series SATA SSD products conforms to all AC timing requirements as
specified in the Serial ATA specifications. Please refer to that document for details of AC timing
for all operation modes of the device.
4. ATA Drive Register Set Definition and Protocol
The communication to or from the SATA SSD is done using FIS. Legacy ATA protocol is supported
by using the legacy mode defined in the SATA specifications. In this mode, the FIS has defined
fields which provide all the necessary ATA task file registers for control and status information. The
Serial ATA interface does not support Primary/Secondary or Master/Slave configurations. Each
SATA channel supports only one SATA device, with the register selection as defined by the ATA
standard.
4.1. ATA Task File Definitions
The following sections describes the usage of the ATA task file registers. Note that the Alternate
Status Register of legacy ATA is not defined for SATA drives.
4.1.1. Data Register
The Data Register is a 16-bit register, and it is used to transfer data blocks between the SSD data
buffer and the Host.
4.1.2. Error Register
This register contains additional information about the source of an error when an error is
indicated in bit 0 of the Status register. The bits are defined as follows:
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
BBK UNC 0 IDNF 0 ABRT 0 AMNF
Bit 7 (BBK) This bit is set when a Bad Block is detected.
Bit 6 (UNC) This bit is set when an Uncorrectable Error is encountered.
Bit 5 This bit is 0.
Bit 4 (IDNF) The requested sector ID is in error or cannot be found.
Bit 3 This bit is 0.
Bit 2 (Abort) This bit is set if the command has been aborted because of a status condition: (Not Ready,
Write Fault, etc.) or when an invalid command has been issued.
Bit 1 This bit is 0.
Bit 0 (AMNF) This bit is set in case of a general error.

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4.1.3. Feature Register
This register provides information regarding features of the SSD that the host can utilize.
4.1.4. Sector Count Register
This register contains the number of sectors of data requested to be transferred on a read or
write operation between the host and the SSD. If the value in this register is zero, a count of 256
sectors is specified. If the command was successful, this register is zero at command completion.
If not successfully completed, the register contains the number of sectors that need to be
transferred in order to complete the request.
4.1.5. Sector Number (LBA 7-0) Register
This register contains the starting sector number or bits 7-0 of the Logical Block Address (LBA) for
any SSD data access for the subsequent command.
4.1.6. Cylinder Low (LBA 15-8) Register
This register contains the low order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 15-8 of the Logical
Block Address.
4.1.7. Cylinder High (LBA 23-16) Register
This register contains the high order bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 23-16 of the Logical
Block Address.
4.1.8. Drive/Head (LBA27-24) Register
The Drive/Head register is used to select the drive and head. It is also used to select LBA
addressing instead of cylinder/head/sector addressing. The bits are defined as follows:
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 LBA 1 DRV HS3 HS2 HS1 HS0
Bit 7 This bit is set to 1.
Bit 6 LBA is a flag to select either Cylinder/Head/Sector (CHS) or Logical Block Address Mode (LBA).
When LBA=0, Cylinder/Head/Sector mode is selected. When LBA=1, Logical Block Address is
selected. In Logical Block Mode, the Logical Block Address is interpreted as follows:
LBA07-LBA00: Sector Number Register D7-D0.
LBA15-LBA08: Cylinder Low Register D7-D0.
LBA23-LBA16: Cylinder High Register D7-D0.
LBA27-LBA24: Drive/Head Register bits HS3-HS0.
Bit 5 This bit is set to 1.
Bit 4 (DRV) DRV is the drive number. This should always be set to 0.
Bit 3 (HS3) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 3 of the head number. It is Bit
27 in the Logical Block Address mode.
Bit 2 (HS2) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 2 of the head number. It is Bit
26 in the Logical Block Address mode.

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Bit 1 (HS1) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 1 of the head number. It is Bit
25 in the Logical Block Address mode.
Bit 0 (HS0) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 0 of the head number. It is Bit
24 in the Logical Block Address mode.
4.1.9. Status Registers
These registers return the status when read by the host. Reading the Status register does clear a
pending interrupt while reading the Auxiliary Status register does not. The meaning of the status
bits are described as follows:
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
BUSY RDY DWF DSC DRQ CORR 0 ERR
Bit 7 (BUSY) The busy bit is set when the device has access to the command buffer and registers and
the host is locked out from accessing the command register and buffer. No other bits in this
register are valid when this bit is set to a 1.
Bit 6 (RDY) RDY indicates whether the device is capable of performing operations requested by the
host. This bit is cleared at power up and remains cleared until the device is ready to
accept a command.
Bit 5 (DWF) This bit, if set, indicates a write fault has occurred.
Bit 4 (DSC) This bit is set when the device is ready.
Bit 3 (DRQ) The Data Request is set when the device requires that information be transferred either to
or from the host through the Data register.
Bit 2 (CORR) This bit is set when a Correctable data error has been encountered and the data has
been corrected. This condition does not terminate a multi-sector read operation.
Bit 1 (IDX) This bit is always set to 0.
Bit 0 (ERR) This bit is set when the previous command has ended in some type of error. The bits in the
Error register contain additional information describing the error.
4.1.10. Device Control Register
This register is used to control the drive interrupt request and to issue an ATA soft reset to the
drive. The bits are defined as follows:
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
HOB X X X 1 SW Rst -IEn 0
Bit 7 This bit is used in 48-bit addressing mode. When cleared, the host can read the most recently
written values of the Sector Count,Drive/Head and LBA registers. When set, the host will read the
previous written values of these registers. A write to any Command block register will clear this bit.
Bit 6 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 5 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 4 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 3 This bit is ignored by the drive.