Campbell 109B User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
109B & 109BAM
Temperature Probe
April 2010
Copyright © 2010
Campbell Scientific (Canada)Corp.

WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE
This equipment is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP. (“CSC”) to
be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for
twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. ***** Batteries
are not warranted. ***** CSC's obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or
replacing (at CSC's option) defective products. The customer shall assume all costs of
removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to CSC. CSC will return such
products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any CSC products
which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of nature, or
shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied,
including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CSC is not
liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. To obtain a Return
Merchandise Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP.,
at [phone]. An RMA number will be issued in order to facilitate Repair Personnel
in identifying an instrument upon arrival. Please write this number clearly on the outside
of the shipping container. Include description of symptoms and all pertinent details.
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP. does not accept collect calls.
Non-warranty products returned for repair should be accompanied by a purchase order to
cover repair costs.

Model 109B & 109BAM Temperature Probe
Table of Contents
1. General ......................................................................... 1
1.1 Specifications............................................................................................1
2. Accuracy....................................................................... 2
3. Installation....................................................................3
3.1 Soil Temperature ......................................................................................3
3.2 Water Temperature...................................................................................4
4. Wiring............................................................................4
5. Programming ............................................................... 6
5.1 CRBasic....................................................................................................6
5.1.1 CRBasic Examples..........................................................................6
5.1.1.1 Sample Program for CR200(X) Series Datalogger ............7
5.1.1.2 Sample Program for CR1000 Datalogger...........................7
5.1.1.3 Sample Program for CR1000 Datalogger & AM16/32B
(4x16 mode)...................................................................................8
5.2 Edlog.........................................................................................................8
5.2.1 Example Edlog Programs................................................................9
5.2.1.1 Example Program for CR10X............................................9
5.3 Electrically Noisy Environments............................................................10
5.4 Long Lead Lengths.................................................................................10
6. Measurement Details................................................. 11
7. Maintenance and Calibration.................................... 12
8. Troubleshooting ........................................................ 12
i

Model 109B & 109BAM Temperature
Probe
1. General
The 109B Temperature Probe uses a thermistor to measure temperature. The
109B probe is designed for use with the CR200(X) series CR800 series,
CR1000, and CR3000 datalogger, which all have a special instruction, the
Therm109, for measuring it. The probe can be measured with other Campbell
Scientific dataloggers using generic measurement instructions.
The 109B Temperature Probe can measure soil/water temperatures. The probe
can be buried in soil (maximum of 86 psi) or submerged in water to 200 feet.
The 109BAM is typically used to measure soil or water temperature using a
Campbell Scientific datalogger and a multiplexer (i.e. AM16/32B). When
using the 109BAM with a multiplexer one pick off resistor is required for each
single ended channel used. This will vary depending on the multiplexer
configuration and the number of sensors measured.
The model name 109B will be used in this manual to refer to both 109B and
109BAM probes, unless otherwise specified. The -L option on the model
109B-L Temperature Probe indicates that the cable length is user specified.
This manual refers to the sensor as the 109B.
The standard cable length for the 109B is 25 feet. However, custom lead
length for the 109B-L can be specified when the sensor is ordered. Table 1-1
gives the recommended lead length for mounting the sensor on a tripod or
tower.
TABLE 1-1. Recommended Lead Lengths
2 m Height Atop a tripod or tower via a 2 ft crossarm such as the CM202
Mast/Leg CM202 CM6 CM10 CM110 CM115 CM120 UT10 UT20 UT30
9' 11' 11' 14' 14' 19' 24' 14' 24' 37'
Note: Add two feet to the cable length if you are mounting the enclosure on the leg base of a light-weight tripod.
The 109B ships with:
(1) Resource CD
1

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
1.1 Specifications
Sensor: US Sensor Corp. PR103J23 Thermistor
Temperature
Measurement Range: -50°to +70°C
Thermistor Inter-
changeability Error: Typically <±0.2°C over 0°C to 70°C; ±0.5 @ -50°C
Temperature
Survival Range: -50°C to +100°C
Linearization Error: The Steinhart and Hart equation used to calculate
temperature is fit to the range of 0 to 70°C; maximum
error is 0.03°C at -50°C.
Time Constant
In Air: Between 30 and 60 seconds in a wind speed of 5 m s-1
Maximum Lead Length: 1000 ft.
The black outer jacket of the cable is Santoprene® rubber. This
compound was chosen for its resistance to temperature extremes,
moisture, and UV degradation. However, this jacket will
support combustion in air. It is rated as slow burning when
tested according to U.L. 94 H.B. and will pass FMVSS302.
Local fire codes may preclude its use inside buildings.
NOTE
2. Accuracy
The overall probe accuracy is a combination of the thermistor's interchangeability
specification and the accuracy of the bridge resistor. The Steinhart and Hart
equation used to calculate temperature has a negligible error (Figure 2-1). In a
"worst case" the errors add to an accuracy of ±0.6°C over the range of -50°to 70°C
and ±0.25°C over the range of -10°C to 70°C. The major error component is the
interchangeability specification of the thermistor. The bridge resistor has a 0.1%
tolerance with a 10 ppm temperature coefficient. Figure 2-2 shows the possible
worst case probe and measurement errors. Note that at temperature extremes the
possible error in the CR200(X) measurement may be greater than the error that
may exist in the probe.
2

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
Steinhart & Hart - Tabulated values
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature Degrees C
Error Degrees C
FIGURE 2-1. Steinhart and Hart
Worst Case Errors in 109 Temperature Measurement
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature Degrees C
Possible Error Degrees C
Thermistor Tolerance
CR200 Bridge Measurement Error (0.06% of reading+2.4 mV)
CR10X Bridge Measurement Error, CR200 Resolution (0.5 mV, 0.6 mV)
24.9 k Ohm Fixed Resistor Tolerance (0.1% + 10ppm/degC away from 25deg)
FIGURE 2-2. Possible Errors
3. Installation
3.1 Soil Temperature
The 109B is suitable for burial. Whenever possible it should be placed
horizontally at the desired depth to avoid thermal conduction from the surface
to the thermistor. The recommended maximum burial depth is equivalent to 86
psi.
3

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
Placement of the cable inside a rugged conduit may be advisable for long cable
runs, especially in locations subject to digging, mowing, traffic, use of power
tools, or lightning strikes.
3.2 Water Temperature
The 109B can be submerged to 200 feet. Please note that the 109B is not
weighted. Therefore, the installer should either add a weighting system or
secure the probe to a fixed or submerged object.
4. Wiring
Connections to Campbell Scientific dataloggers are given in Table 4-1. The
109B Temperature is measured with one Single-Ended input channel and a
Voltage Excitation channel. Multiple probes can be connected to the same
excitation channel (the number of probes per excitation channel is physically
limited by the number of lead wires that can be inserted into a single voltage
excitation terminal, approximately six).
TABLE 4-1. 109B Connections to Campbell Scientific Dataloggers
Colour Heat Shrink
Label
CR200(X)
CR800
CR3000
CR1000
CR510
CR500
CR10(X)
CR5000
CR23X
Black Volt Excite
Switched
Voltage
Excitation
(Vx)
Switched
Voltage
Excitation
Switched
Voltage
Excitation
(Vx)
Red Signal
Single-Ended
Input
Single-Ended
Input
Single-Ended
Input
Purple Signal
Reference AG
Clear Shield G
The 109BAM is measured directly by the multiplexer (i.e. AM16/32B) with
the use of the H & L input channels. A 24.9KΩresistor assembly (RES24.9K-
0.1) is required at the datalogger to complete the half bridge measurement at
each of the single ended channels used. Additional information regarding
multiplexer connections can be found in the multiplexer manual.
Table 4-2 shows the wiring for up to three 109BAMs for each of the COM
terminals.
4

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
5
TABLE 4-2. 109BAM, MUX & Datalogger Connections
Function Colour
Multiplexer
Connection
CR200(X)
CR800
CR1000
CR3000
CR510
CR500
CR10(X)
CR5000
CR23X
109BAM (1,2,3)
Excitation* Black 1H terminal
109BAM(1) Signal* White 1L terminal
109BAM(2) Signal* White 2H terminal
109BAM(3) Signal* White 2L terminal
109BAM(1,2,3) Clear* Shield
Mux Power** Red 12V 12V 12V 12V
Power Reference** Black GND G G G
Mux Clock** Green CLK C(1) C(1) C(1)
Mux Reset** White RES C(2) C(2) C(2)
Shield** Clear G
Excitation Source† Red COM ODD H Vx(1) E(1) Vx(1)
Signal Return(1)† White COM ODD L SE(1)†† SE(1) †† SE(1) ††
Signal Return(2)† Black COM EVEN H SE(2) †† SE(2) †† SE(2) ††
Signal Return(3)† Green COM EVEN L SE(3) †† SE(3) †† SE(3) ††
Shield† Clear COM G
* The wiring assumes that the datalogger in the “4x16”
configuration.
**Connections are made with the FIN4COND(-L) on the
Multiplexer at the “Control” Terminals and connect the
corresponding terminals on the datalogger.
† Connections are made with a second FIN4COND(-L) on the
multiplexer at the “COM” terminals and connect the
corresponding terminals on the datalogger.
†† Each single ended channel used requires a RES24.9K-0.1
completion resistor assembly. The RES24.9K-0.1 must be
connected between the single ended channel and Ground
(i.e. or G).
NOTES

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
5. Programming
This section is for users who write their
own datalogger programs. A datalogger program to measure this
sensor can be generated using Campbell Scientific’s Short Cut
Program Builder software. You do not need to read this section
to use Short Cut.
NOTE
The datalogger is programmed using either CRBasic or Edlog. Dataloggers
that use CRBasic include our CR200(X)-series, CR800, CR850, CR1000,
CR3000, CR5000, and CR9000(X); see Section 5.1. Dataloggers that use
Edlog include our CR510, CR10(X), CR23X, and CR7; refer to Section 5.2.
Short Cut, CRBasic, and Edlog are included in our LoggerNet, PC400, and
RTDAQ software.
If applicable, please read “Section 5.3—Electrically Noisy Environments” and
“Section 5.4—Long Lead Lengths” prior to programming your datalogger.
Measurement details are provided in Section 6.
5.1 CRBasic
In the CR200(X)-series, CR800, CR850, CR1000, and CR3000 dataloggers,
Instruction Therm109 is used to measure temperature. Therm109 provides
excitation, makes a single ended voltage measurement, and calculates
temperature.
The Therm109 instruction has the following form:
Therm109 (Dest, Repetitions, SE Chan, Ex Chan, Multiplier, Offset)
A multiplier of 1.0 and an offset of 0.0 yields temperature in Celsius. For
Fahrenheit, use a multiplier of 1.8 and an offset of 32. See Section 5.1.1 for
example programs.
The CR5000 and CR9000(X) use the BrHalf instruction to read the 109B’s
resistance. The Steinhart-Hart equation is entered as an expression to convert
the resistance to degrees Celsius.
5.1.1 CRBasic Examples
TABLE 5-1. Wiring for Examples 5.1.1.1 & 5.1.1.2
Colour Function Connection
Black Excitation EX1 or VX1
Red Signal SE1
Purple Signal Ground
Clear Shield
6

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
5.1.1.1 Sample Program for CR200(X) Series Datalogger
'CR200(X) Series Datalogger
‘This example program measures a single 109B Thermistor probe
‘once a second and stores the average temperature every 10 minutes.
‘Declare the variable for the temperature measurement
Public Air_Temp
‘Define a data table for 10 minute averages:
DataTable (AvgTemp,1,1000)
DataInterval (0,10,min)
Average (1,Air_Temp,0)
EndTable
BeginProg
Scan (1 ,sec)
‘Measure the temperature:
Therm109 (Air_Temp,1,1,Ex1,1.0,0)
Call the data table:
CallTable AvgTemp
NextScan
EndProg
5.1.1.2 Sample Program for CR1000 Datalogger
'CR1000
'Declare Variables and Units
Public T109B_C
Units T109B_C=Deg C
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(Table1,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,10,Min,10)
Average(1,T109B_C,FP2,False)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(1,Sec,1,0)
'109B Temperature Probe measurement T109B_C:
Therm109(T109B_C,1,1,1,0,_60Hz,1.0,0.0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(Table1)
NextScan
EndProg
7

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
5.1.1.3 Sample Program for CR1000 Datalogger & AM16/32B (4x16 mode)
Wiring for this example can be found in Table 4.2.
'CR1000
'Declare Variables and Units
Dim LCount_4
Public T109BAM_C(6)
Units T109BAM_C=Deg C
'Define Data Tables
DataTable(Table1,True,-1)
DataInterval(0,60,Min,10)
Average(6,T109BAM_C(1),FP2,False)
EndTable
'Main Program
BeginProg
Scan(5,Sec,1,0)
'Turn AM16/32B Multiplexer On
PortSet(2,1)
Delay(0,150,mSec)
'Switch to next AM16/32 Multiplexer channel set
PulsePort(1,10000)
'109BAM Temperature Probe (3-wire) measurements T109BAM_C(1,2,3) on the AM16/32B
Therm109(T109BAM_C(1),3,1,1,0,_60Hz,1,0)
'Switch to next AM16/32 Multiplexer channel set
PulsePort(1,10000)
'109BAM Temperature Probe (3-wire) measurements T109BAM_C(4,5,6) on the AM16/32B
Therm109(T109BAM_C(4),3,1,1,0,_60Hz,1,0)
'Turn AM16/32 Multiplexer Off
PortSet(2,0)
'Call Data Tables and Store Data
CallTable(Table1)
NextScan
EndProg
5.2 Edlog
In Edlog, Instruction 5 is typically used to measure the 109B’s resistance.
Instruction 55 is used to apply the Steinhart and Hart equation. Instruction 55
does not allow entering the coefficients with scientific notation. In order to use
this instruction with as much resolution as possible, the ln resistance term is
pre scaled by 10-3. This allows the first order coefficient (B) to be multiplied
by 103, and the 3rd order coefficient (C) to be multiplied by 109(see Section
5.2.1).
8

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
5.2.1 Example Edlog Programs
TABLE 5-2. Wiring for Example Programs
Color Description CR10X
Black Excitation E1
Red Signal SE1
Purple Signal Ground AG
Clear Shield G
5.2.1.1 Example Program for CR10X
;{CR10X}
;
*Table 1 Program
01: 1 Execution Interval (seconds)
1: AC Half Bridge (P5)
1: 1 Reps
2: 25 2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range
3: 1 SE Channel
4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1
5: 2500 mV Excitation
6: 1 Loc [ V_Vx ]
7: 1.0 Mult
8: 0.0 Offset
2: Z=1/X (P42)
1: 1 X Loc [ V_Vx ]
2: 2 Z Loc [ Vx_V ]
3: Z=X+F (P34)
1: 2 X Loc [ Vx_V ]
2: -1 F
3: 3 Z Loc [ Vx_V_1 ]
4: Z=X*F (P37)
1: 3 X Loc [ Vx_V_1 ]
2: 24900 F
3: 4 Z Loc [ Rtherm ]
5: Z=LN(X) (P40)
1: 4 X Loc [ Rtherm ]
2: 5 Z Loc [ lnRt ]
6: Z=X*F (P37)
1: 5 X Loc [ lnRt ]
2: .001 F
3: 6 Z Loc [ Scal_lnRt ]
7: Polynomial (P55)
1: 1 Reps
9

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
2: 6 X Loc [ Scal_lnRt ]
3: 7 F(X) Loc [ 1_Tk ]
4: .001129 C0
5: .234108 C1
6: 0.0 C2
7: 87.7547 C3
8: 0.0 C4
9: 0.0 C5
8: Z=1/X (P42)
1: 7 X Loc [ 1_Tk ]
2: 8 Z Loc [ Tk ]
9: Z=X+F (P34)
1: 8 X Loc [ Tk ]
2: -273.15 F
3: 9 Z Loc [ Air_Temp ]
10: If time is (P92)
1: 0 Minutes (Seconds --) into a
2: 10 Interval (same units as above)
3: 10 Set Output Flag High (Flag 0)
11: Real Time (P77)
1: 110 Day,Hour/Minute (midnight = 0000)
12: Average (P71)
1: 1 Reps
2: 9 Loc [ Air_Temp ]
*Table 2 Program
02: 0.0000 Execution Interval (seconds)
*Table 3 Subroutines
End Program
5.3 Electrically Noisy Environments
AC power lines, pumps, and motors, can be the source of electrical noise. If
the 109B probe or datalogger is located in an electrically noisy environment,
the 109B probe should be measured with the 60 or 50 Hz rejection option as
shown in the Examples in Section 5.4.
5.4 Long Lead Lengths
Additional settling time may be required for lead lengths longer than 300 feet,
where settling time is the delay before the measurement is made.
For the CR200(X)-series, CR800, CR850, CR1000, and CR3000:
10

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
The 60 and 50 Hz integration options include a 3 ms settling time; longer
settling times can be entered into the Settling Time parameter. The example
Therm109 instruction listed below has a 20 mSec (20000 µSec) delay:
‘Therm109 ( Dest, Reps, SEChan, ExChan, SettlingTime, Integ, Mult, Offset )
Therm109(T109B_C,1,1,1,20000,_60Hz,1.0,0.0)
In Edlog use the DC Half Bridge instruction (P4) with a 20 millisecond delay
as shown below. Use P4 in place of P5 in Example 5.2.1.1 (the instructions
that follow P5 to convert the measurement result to temperature are still
required).
1: Excite-Delay (SE) (P4)
1: 1 Reps
2: 25 2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range (Delay must be zero)
3: 1 SE Channel
4: 1 Excite all reps w/Exchan 1
5: 2 Delay (0.01 sec units)
6: 2500 mV Excitation
7: 3 Loc [V_Vx ]
8: .0004 Multiplier
9: 0.0 Offset
6. Measurement Details
Understanding the details in this section are not necessary for general
operation of the 109B Probe with CSI's dataloggers.
The Therm109 Instruction outputs a 2500 mV excitation and measures the
voltage across the 24.9 K resistor (Figure 6-1). The thermistor resistance
changes with temperature.
EX
HI
AG
G
BLACK
RED
PURPLE
CLEAR
24.9K
Ω
, 0.1%
10K3AI
THERMISTOR
FIGURE 6-1. 109B Thermistor Probe Schematic
11

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
The measured voltage, V, is:
t
EX R
VV + =
900,24
900,24
Where VEX is the excitation voltage, 24,900 ohms is the resistance of the fixed
resistor and Rtis the resistance of the thermistor
The resistance of the thermistor is:
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛−= 1900,24 V
V
REX
t
The Steinhart and Hart equation is used to calculate temperature from
Resistance:
3
))(ln()ln(
1
TT
KRCRBA
T++ =
Where TKis the temperature in Kelvin. The Steinhart and Hart coefficients
used in the Therm109 instruction are:
A = 1.129241x10-3
B = 2.341077x10-4
C = 8.775468x10-8
7. Maintenance and Calibration
The 109B Probe requires minimal maintenance. Periodically check cabling for
signs of damage and possible moisture intrusion. For all factory repairs and
recalibrations, customers must get a returned material authorization (RMA).
Customers must also properly fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
Refer to the “Warranty and Assistance” page for more information.
8. Troubleshooting
Symptom: Temperature is NAN, -INF, -9999, -273
Verify the red wire is connected to the correct Single-Ended analog input
channel as specified by the measurement instruction, the black wire is
connected to the switched excitation channel as specified by the measurement
instruction, and the purple wire is connected to datalogger ground, as described
in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
Symptom: Incorrect Temperature
Verify the multiplier and offset parameters are correct for the desired units
(Section 5). Check the cable for signs of damage and possible moisture
intrusion.
12

Model 109B & 109 BAM Temperature Probe
Symptom: Unstable Temperature
Try using the 60 or 50 Hz integration options, and/or increasing the settling
time as described in Sections 5.3 and 5.4. Make sure the clear shield wire is
connected to datalogger ground, and the datalogger is properly grounded.
For all factory repairs, customers must get an RMA. Customers
must also properly fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements
specified in it. Refer to the “Warranty and Assistance” page for
more information.
NOTE
13