Campbell CS451 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CS451/CS456 Submersible
Pressure Transducer
Revision: 5/18
Copyright © 2009-2018
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for Canadian and international clients residing in
countries served by Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp. directly. Affiliate
companies handle repairs for clients within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.ca to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves
your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP., phone [phone].After a
measurement consultant determines the nature of the problem, an RMA
number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the
shipping container. Campbell Scientific’s shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP.
RMA#_____
14532 131 Avenue NW
Edmonton, Alberta T5L 4X4
Canada
For all returns, the client must fill out a “Statement of Product Cleanliness and
Decontamination”form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The
form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.ca/repair. A
completed form must be either emailed to [e-mail] or faxed to
[phone]. Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp. is unable to process any
returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days
of product receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the client at
the client’s expense. Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp.f reserves the right to
refuse service on products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause
health or safety concerns for our employees.

Precautions
DANGER —MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND
TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES,
ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS
INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE. TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS.
CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY COORDINATOR (OR POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.
Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed. Do not exceed design
limits. Be familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at www.campbellsci.ca or by
telephoning [phone] (Canada). You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including safety
regulations, and the integrity and location of structures or land to which towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation
sites should be evaluated and approved by a qualified personnel (e.g. engineer). If questions or concerns arise regarding installation,
use, or maintenance of tripods, towers, attachments, or electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or
electrician.
General
Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals and permits.
Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of tripods and towers, and
any attachments to tripods and towers. The use of licensed and qualified contractors is
highly recommended.
Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before
beginning work.
Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety precautions while
working on or around tripods and towers.
Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by other persons. Take
reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers.
Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.
Utility and Electrical
You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or attachments you are
installing, constructing, using, or maintaining, or a tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact
with overhead or underground utility lines.
Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, 6 meters (20 feet), or
the distance required by applicable law, whichever is greater, between overhead utility lines
and the structure (tripod, tower, attachments, or tools).
Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies and have all
underground utilities marked.
Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should
be installed by a licensed and qualified electrician.
Elevated Work and Weather
Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.
During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of un-trained or non-
essential personnel. Take precautions to prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping.
Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain, snow, lightning, etc.
Maintenance
Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including corrosion, stress cracks,
frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.
Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.
WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS,
THE CLIENT ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF
TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS,
ETC.

PLEASE READ FIRST
About this manual
Please note that this manual was originally produced by Campbell Scientific Inc. (CSI) primarily
for the US market. Some spellings, weights and measures may reflect this origin.
Some useful conversion factors:
Area: 1 in2(square inch) = 645 mm2
Length: 1 in. (inch) = 25.4 mm
1 ft (foot) = 304.8 mm
1 yard = 0.914 m
1 mile = 1.609 km
Mass: 1 oz. (ounce) = 28.35 g
1 lb (pound weight) = 0.454 kg
Pressure: 1 psi (lb/in2) = 68.95 mb
Volume: 1 US gallon = 3.785 litres
In addition, part ordering numbers may vary. For example, the CABLE5CBL is a CSI part
number and known as a FIN5COND at Campbell Scientific Canada (CSC). CSC Technical
Support will be pleased to assist with any questions.
About sensor wiring
Please note that certain sensor configurations may require a user supplied jumper wire. It is
recommended to review the sensor configuration requirements for your application and supply the jumper
wire is necessary.

i
Table of Contents
PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the
PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Introduction ................................................................1
2. Precautions ................................................................1
3. Initial Inspection.........................................................1
4. QuickStart...................................................................2
5. Overview .....................................................................4
6. Specifications.............................................................6
7. Installation ..................................................................7
7.1 Installation Considerations...................................................................8
7.1.1 Vent Tube .....................................................................................8
7.1.2 Appropriate Water Depth..............................................................8
7.1.3 Dislodging Bubbles.......................................................................8
7.2Installation Procedure ..........................................................................9
7.2.1 Lower to Depth .............................................................................9
7.2.2 Secure the Transducer...................................................................9
7.2.2.1 Tie Wrap/Tape....................................................................9
7.2.2.2 Split Mesh Cable Grip........................................................9
7.2.2.3 Heyco Cable Grip.............................................................10
7.2.3 Measure the Initial Elevation ......................................................10
7.2.4 Offset Calculation .......................................................................11
7.3 Wiring ................................................................................................11
7.3.1 SDI-12 Datalogger Connections .................................................11
7.3.2 RS-232 Connections ...................................................................12
7.4 Programming......................................................................................12
8. Operation..................................................................13
8.1 Configuration .....................................................................................13
8.1.1 Computer Connection Using the A200 .......................................13
8.1.1.1 Driver Installation ............................................................13
8.1.1.2 A200 Wiring.....................................................................13
8.1.1.3 Powering the Sensor.........................................................14
8.1.1.4 Determining which COM Port the A200 has been
Assigned .......................................................................14
8.1.2 Device Configuration Utility (version 2.03 or higher) ................15
8.2 SDI-12 Commands.............................................................................15
8.3 Measuring Multiple SDI-12 Sensors..................................................17
9. Maintenance .............................................................17

Table of Contents
ii
9.1 Every Visit ........................................................................................ 17
9.2 Every Two Years............................................................................... 18
10. Troubleshooting.......................................................18
Appendices
A. Importing Short Cut Code into CRBasic Editor ...A-1
B. Example Programs................................................. B-1
C. Calibration Certificate ............................................C-1
D. SDI-12 Sensor Support ..........................................D-1
D.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... D-1
D.2 SDI-12 Command Basics ................................................................ D-1
D.2.1 Acknowledge Active Command (a!)........................................ D-2
D.2.2 Send Identification Command (aI!).......................................... D-2
D.2.3 Start Verification Command (aV!)........................................... D-2
D.2.4 Address Query Command (?!) ................................................. D-3
D.2.5 Change Address Command (aAb!) .......................................... D-3
D.2.6 Start Measurement Commands (aM!) ...................................... D-3
D.2.7 Start Concurrent Measurement Commands (aC!) .................... D-4
D.2.8 Start Measurement Commands with Cyclic Redundancy
Check (aMC! and aCC!) ....................................................... D-5
D.2.9 Stopping a Measurement Command ........................................ D-5
D.2.10 Send Data Command (aD0! … aD9!) ...................................... D-5
D.3 SDI-12 Transparent Mode............................................................... D-6
D.3.1 Changing an SDI-12 Address................................................... D-6
D.3.2 Changing an SDI-12 Address – CR200(X) Series ................... D-7
D.4 References ....................................................................................... D-8
E. RS-232 Connection Via Computer Terminal
Software................................................................ E-1
Figures
5-1. CS451 nose cone options .................................................................... 5
7-1. Transducer suspended with split mesh cable grip ............................... 9
7-2. Heyco Cable Grip.............................................................................. 10
7-3. Transducer mounted in PVC pipe using the Heyco cable grip.......... 10
8-1. A200 Sensor-to-Computer Interface ................................................. 14
8-2. Connect screen .................................................................................. 15
Tables
7-1. Wire Color, Function, and Datalogger Connection for SDI-12
Measurements ................................................................................ 11
7-2. Wire Color, Function, Datalogger Connection, and RS-232 Pin....... 12
8-1. Factory Settings................................................................................. 13
8-2. Wire Color, Function, and A200 Connection.................................... 14
8-3. SDI-12 Measurement Commands ..................................................... 16

Table of Contents
iii
D-1. Campbell Scientific Sensor SDI-12 Command and Response Set.. D-1
D-2. Example aM! Sequence .................................................................. D-3
D-3. Example aC! Sequence ................................................................... D-4
E-1. RS-232 Settings ...............................................................................E-1
E-2. RS-232 Terminal Commands........................................................... E-2
CRBasic Examples
B-1. CS451 SDI-12 Program for CR1000X Datalogger..........................B-1
B-2. CS451 SDI-12 Program for CR200(X)-Series Datalogger ..............B-2

1
CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure
Transducer
1. Introduction
The CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer provides pressure and
temperature measurements. It uses the SDI-12 or RS-232 communications
protocols to communicate with an SDI-12 or RS-232 recorder simplifying
installation and programming.
This manual provides information only for CRBasic dataloggers.
For retired Edlog datalogger support, access a retired manual at
www.campbellsci.com/old-manuals.
2. Precautions
•READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety section at the front of this
manual.
•Sensor will be damaged if it is encased in frozen liquid.
•Although the CS451/CS456 is rugged, it is also a highly precise scientific
instrument and should be handled as such. There are no user-serviceable
parts and any attempt to disassemble the device will void the warranty.
•Dropping the instrument or allowing it to “free fall” down a well may
damage the transducer.
•Never suspend the CS451/CS456 from the connections at the top end of
the cable. Sharp bends or excessive pinching of the cable can cause
damage and may pinch off the vent tube causing measurement errors.
•Confirm the compatibility of the sensor and cable to non-water
environments before installation.
•The CS456, instead of the CS451, should be used in harsh water
applications, including salt water.
3. Initial Inspection
•Upon receipt of the CS451/CS456, inspect the packaging for any signs of
shipping damage and, if found, report the damage to the carrier in
accordance with policy. Also inspect the contents of the package and file a
claim if shipping related damage is discovered.
•The model number and pressure range is etched on the housing, and the
cable length is printed on the label near the connection end of the cable.
Check this information against the shipping documentation to ensure that
the expected product was received.
•Ensure the desiccant tube is attached to the vent tube on the cable. The
desiccant should be blue; replace if it is another color.
NOTE

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
2
4. QuickStart
A video that describes datalogger programming using Short Cut is available at:
www.campbellsci.com/videos/cr1000x-datalogger-getting-started-program-
part-3. Short Cut is an easy way to program your datalogger to measure the
sensor and assign datalogger wiring terminals. Short Cut is available as a
download on www.campbellsci.com. It is included in installations of
LoggerNet, PC200W, PC400, or RTDAQ.
The following procedure also describes programming with Short Cut.
1. Open Short Cut and click Create New Program.
2. Double-click the datalogger model.
3. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type CS451 (1). You can also
locate the sensor in the Sensors | Water | Level & Flow folder. Double-
click CS450/CS451/CS455/CS456 Pressure Transducer (2). Water level
defaults to feet and temperature defaults to degrees Celsius. These can be
changed by clicking the Water Level (3) or Temperature (4) box and
selecting a different option. Type the correct SDI-12 Address (5) for the
CS451. After entering the Properties, click on the Wiring (6) tab to see
how the sensor is to be wired to the datalogger.

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
3
4. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type Offset (1) and double-
click the Offset Calculation (2) under the Sensors | Water | Level &
Flow folder. For the Linked Level parameter (3), select the variable that
stores the level measurement (typically Lvl_ft or Lvl_m). Type the initial
water level in the Observed Level Reading box (4).
5. Repeat step three for other sensors being measured.

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
4
6. In Output Setup, enter the scan rate (1), Data Output Storage Intervals
(2), and meaningful table names (3).
7. Select the measurement and its associated output options.
8. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program to the datalogger if
the datalogger is connected to the computer.
9. If the sensor is connected to the datalogger, check the output of the sensor
in the data display in LoggerNet, PC400, RTDAQ, or PC200W to make
sure it is making reasonable measurements.
5. Overview
The CS451/CS456 pressure transducer provides a reliable, accurate
pressure/level measurement that is fully temperature compensated. Its 24-bit
A/D has simultaneous 50/60 Hz rejection and automatic calibration for each
measurement.
A number of additional advanced measurement techniques are employed to
harness the best possible performance available from today’s state-of-the-art
pressure transducer technology. The transducer reverts to a low power sleep

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
5
state between measurements. A series of measurements are performed yielding
a temperature and pressure value. This measurement cycle takes less than 1.5 s.
The transducer can also be configured to output pressure only in less than 1 s.
The measurement cycle is activated using SDI-12 or RS-232 commands.
The transducer consists of a piezoresistive sensor housed in a 316L stainless-
steel (CS451) or titanium (CS456) package to enhance reliability. The rugged
construction makes the CS451/CS456 suitable for water level measurement in
irrigation applications, water wells, lakes, streams, and tanks. The titanium
package of the CS456 makes it ideal for salt water or other harsh environments.
The cable incorporates a vent tube to compensate for atmospheric pressure
fluctuations and the jacket is made of rugged Hytrel®, designed to remain
flexible and tough, even under harsh environmental conditions.
The CS451/CS456 has two communication options: SDI-12 and RS-232. The
CS451/CS456 is shipped from the factory with both communications options
enabled. As an SDI-12 sensor, the CS451/CS456 is shipped with an address of 0.
Two values are output by the CS451/CS456—pressure/level and temperature.
By default, the sensor outputs pressure in pounds per square inch gage (psig),
which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. By default, the sensor
outputs temperature in degrees Celsius.
The CS451/CS456 has three nose cone options. FIGURE 5-1 shows the nose
cone options. The weighted nose cone makes the transducer easier to submerge
to depth. The 1/4-inch NPT nose cone allows the transducer to be used in
closed-pipe applications. Nose cones can be switched out later. The nose cones
are available separately from Campbell Scientific, allowing the nose cone to be
changed to a different style at a later date, if desired.
FIGURE 5-1. CS451 nose cone options
Weighted Nose Cone
Standard Nose Cone
1/4 inch NPT Nose Cone

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
6
6. Specifications
Features:
•Output acceptable for recording devices with SDI-12 or RS-232
capability including Campbell Scientific dataloggers
•Quality construction ensures product reliability
•Rugged stainless steel or titanium case protects piezoresistive sensor
•Fully temperature compensated
•Low power sleep state between measurements reduces power
consumption
•Weighted nose cone offered adds 0.2 kg (7.4 oz) to the transducer
weight. Additional weight makes submersion of the transducer easier
•Compatible with Campbell Scientific CRBasic dataloggers:
CR1000X, CR300 series, CR6, CR200(X) series, CR800 series,
CR1000, CR3000, and CR5000
Power Requirements: 5 to 18 Vdc
Power Consumption: Quiescent current < 50 µA
Measurement/Communication Current: 8 mA
for 1-s measurement
Maximum Peak Current: 40 mA
Measurement Time: Less than 1.5 s
Outputs: SDI-12 (version 1.3) 1200 bps
RS-232 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity,
1 stop bit, no flow control
Measurement Ranges:
Pressure (psig) Pressure (kPa)
Depth of fresh water
0 to 2.9 0 to 20 0 to 2 m (6.7 ft)
0 to 7.25 0 to 50 0 to 5.1 m (16.7 ft)
0 to 14.5 0 to 100 0 to 10.2 m (33.4 ft)
0 to 29 0 to 200 0 to 20.4 m (67 ft)
0 to 72.5 0 to 500 0 to 50.9 m (167 ft)
0 to 145 0 to 1000 0 to 102 m (334.5 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.1% full scale range TEB1or
±0.05% full scale range TEB2
Water-Level Resolution: 0.0035% full scale range
Worst-Case
Temperature Resolution: 0.006 °C
Overpressure: Twice the pressure range
Dry Storage Temperature: –10 to 80 °C
Sensor will be damaged if it is encased in frozen liquid.
Operating Temperature: 0 to 60 °C
CAUTION

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
7
Temperature Accuracy: ±0.2 °C
Maximum Cable Length:
SDI-12 (one transducer
connected to a single
terminal): ~475 m (1500 ft)
SDI-12 (10 transducers
connected to a single
terminal3): 60 m (200 ft)
RS-232: 60 m (200 ft)
Cable Type: 5 Conductor, 26 AWG
Hytrel Jacket
Body Material: CS451 – 316L Stainless Steel
CS456 – Titanium
Element Material: CS451 – 316L Stainless Steel
CS456 – Hastelloy
Standard Nose Cone Material: Delrin
Length: 213.36 mm (6.875 in)
Diameter: 21.34 mm (0.84 in)
Distance from pressure sensor
interface (black line etched on
housing) to:
End of NPT fitting: 2.54 cm (1 in)
End of standard nose cone: 2.3 cm (0.9 in)
End of weighted nose cone: 9.9 cm (3.9 in)
Air Gap
Standard and weighted
nose cone: 0.653 cm (0.257 in)
NPT fitting: 2.72 cm (1.07 in)
Weight: CS451: 0.17 kg (0.37 lb)
CS456: 0.10 kg (0.23 lb)
Cable: 0.421 kg/m (0.283 lb/ft)
Compliance: View the EU Declaration of Conformity at:
www.campbellsci.com/cs451
www.campbellsci.com/cs456
1Total Error Band (TEB) includes the combined errors due to nonlinearity, hysteresis,
nonrepeatability, and thermal effects over the compensated temperature range, per
ISA S51.1.
20.05% full scale range accuracy not available in the 0 to 2.9 psig range.
3Campbell Scientific recommends using separate terminals when possible.
7. Installation
If using Short Cut to program the datalogger, skip Section 7.3, Wiring (p. 11),
and Section 7.4, Programming (p. 12). Short Cut automatically performs these
steps. See Section 4, QuickStart (p. 2), for a Short Cut tutorial.

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
8
7.1 Installation Considerations
The CS451/CS456 is designed for water level measurements. Typical
applications include agricultural water level/flow, water wells, lakes, streams,
and tanks. If the device is to be installed in a liquid other than water or in
contaminated water, check the compatibility of the wetted material. The CS456
should be used in harsh water applications, including salt water.
7.1.1 Vent Tube
A vent tube incorporated in the cable vents the sensor diaphragm to the
atmosphere. This eliminates the need to compensate for changes in barometric
pressure. To prevent water vapor from entering the inner cavity of the sensor,
the vent tube opening terminates inside a desiccant tube.
The desiccant tube is shipped with a black cap to cover the
vent hole. This cap MUST be removed prior to installation.
Before installing the sensor, ensure the desiccant is blue; replace if not.
The desiccant tube must always be attached to the CS451/CS456.
7.1.2 Appropriate Water Depth
The CS451/CS456 must be installed below the water at a fixed depth. This
depth should be chosen so the water pressure will never exceed the transducer
overpressure range (twice the pressure range).
The output reading will not be correct, and the transducer
can be damaged if pressure is excessive (twice the pressure
range).
Pressure can be converted to feet of fresh water using the following
conversion:
1 psi = 2.31 feet of water
For example, the maximum depth with a pressure range of 0 to 7.25 psig is
16.748 feet of water.
7.1.3 Dislodging Bubbles
While submersing the transducer, air bubbles may become trapped between the
pressure plate and the water surface, causing small offset errors until the
bubbles dissolve. Dislodge these bubbles by gently shaking the CS451/CS456
while under water.
If bubbles are not removed by rotation and shaking
underwater (or bleeding out the air in a closed system), the
CS451/CS456 reading will drift lower by the distance of the
gap as the bubbles are slowly dissolved into the water over
time.
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
9
Hitting against the well casing or other solid surface could
damage the transducer.
7.2 Installation Procedure
7.2.1 Lower to Depth
Lower the transducer to an appropriate depth.
Do not drop the instrument or allow it to “free fall” down a
well as this may damage the sensor.
With long drops, it may be necessary to use the weighted nose cone
(option -WN).
7.2.2 Secure the Transducer
7.2.2.1 Tie Wrap/Tape
The transducer body can be strapped with cable ties or tape. Campbell
Scientific offers cable ties that can be used to secure and strain relief the cable.
If installing in a well, fasten the cable to the well head.
Never suspend the CS451/CS456 from the connections at
the top of the cable. Sharp bends or excessive pinching of
the cable can cause damage and may pinch off the vent
tube causing measurement errors.
7.2.2.2 Split Mesh Cable Grip
The Split Mesh Cable Grip can be used to center the cable and to provide a
method of suspending the cable-reducing cable stretch. It is often
recommended for use in wells. FIGURE 7-1 shows a transducer cable
suspended using the split mesh cable grip.
FIGURE 7-1. Transducer suspended with split mesh cable grip
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION