Campbell CS451 User manual

CS451/CS456 Submersible
Pressure Transducer
Revision: 1/13
Copyright © 2009-2013
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty
“PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are
warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12)
months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding
Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are
re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original
manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other
consumables have no warranty. Campbell’s obligation under this warranty is
limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell’s option) defective products,
which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The
customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping
defective products to Campbell. Campbell will return such products by surface
carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other
locations, Campbell will return such products best way CIP (Port of Entry)
INCOTERM® 2010, prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any products
which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service,
accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other
warranties, expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services
performed by Campbell such as programming to customer specifications,
electrical connections to products manufactured by Campbell, and product
specific training, is part of Campbell’s product warranty. CAMPBELL
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Campbell is not liable for any special, indirect,
incidental, and/or consequential damages.”

Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
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served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves
your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL
SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone [phone]. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please
write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell
Scientific’s shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Statement of Product Cleanliness
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
The form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A
completed form must be either emailed to [e-mail] or faxed to
[phone]. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we
receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product
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Table of Contents
PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the
PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Introduction.................................................................1
2. Cautionary Statements...............................................1
3. Initial Inspection .........................................................1
4. Quickstart ....................................................................2
4.1 Step 1 — Desiccant Check...................................................................2
4.2 Step 2 — Choose Appropriate Depth...................................................2
4.3 Step 3 — Dislodge Bubbles .................................................................3
4.4 Step 4 — Install Transducer.................................................................3
4.5 Step 5 — Measure Initial Water Elevation...........................................3
4.6 Step 6 — Use SCWin to Program Datalogger and Generate
Wiring Diagram................................................................................4
5. Overview......................................................................6
6. Specifications .............................................................8
7. Operation...................................................................10
7.1 Configuration .....................................................................................10
7.1.1 PC Connection Using the A200 ..................................................10
7.1.1.1 Driver Installation ............................................................10
7.1.1.2 Wiring ..............................................................................10
7.1.1.3 Powering the Sensor.........................................................11
7.1.1.4 Determining which COM Port the A200 has been
Assigned .......................................................................11
7.1.2 Device Configuration Utility (version 2.03 or higher)................12
7.1.3 SDI-12 Transparent Mode ..........................................................12
7.1.4 RS-232 Connection via PC Terminal Software ..........................14
7.1.5 SDI-12 Commands......................................................................15
7.1.5.1 SDI-12 Addresses.............................................................16
7.1.5.2 Extended SDI-12 Commands...........................................17
7.2 Installation Considerations.................................................................18
7.2.1 Non-Vertical Installations ...........................................................18
7.2.2 Offset Calculation .......................................................................18
7.2.3 Split Mesh Cable Grip (pn 25431) ..............................................19
7.3 Wiring ................................................................................................19
7.3.1 SDI-12.........................................................................................20
7.3.2 RS-232 ........................................................................................20
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Table of Contents
ii
7.4 Programming ..................................................................................... 20
7.4.1 CRBasic Programming............................................................... 21
7.4.1.1 Example Program for CR200(X)-Series Datalogger ....... 21
7.4.1.2 Example Program for CR1000 Datalogger..................... 22
7.4.2 Edlog Programming ................................................................... 22
7.4.2.1 Example Program for CR10(X) Dataloggers................... 23
8. Maintenance ..............................................................23
8.1 Every Visit......................................................................................... 24
8.2 Every Two to Three Years or on a Rotating Schedule ...................... 24
9. Troubleshooting........................................................24
Appendix
A. Calibration Certificate.............................................A-1
Figures
5-1. CS451 nose cone options..................................................................... 7
7-1. A200 Sensor-to-PC Interface............................................................. 11
7-2. Connect screen .................................................................................. 12
7-3. Terminal Emulator ............................................................................ 13
7-4. Terminal Emulator ............................................................................ 15
7-5. Transducer suspended with split mesh cable grip ............................. 19
Tables
7-1. Factory Settings................................................................................. 10
7-2. A200 Wiring...................................................................................... 11
7-3. RS-232 Settings................................................................................. 14
7-4. RS-232 Terminal Commands ............................................................ 15
7-5. SDI-12 Commands ............................................................................ 16
7-6. SDI-12 Wiring................................................................................... 20
7-7. RS-232 Wiring .................................................................................. 20

CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure
Transducer
1. Introduction
The CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer provides pressure and
temperature measurements. It uses the SDI-12 or RS-232 communications
protocols to communicate with an SDI-12 or RS-232 recorder simplifying
installation and programming. The -L in the transducer’s model name
indicates user-specified cable length.
Before using the CS451/CS456 please study
•Section 2, Cautionary Statements
•Section 3, Initial Inspection
•Section 4, Quickstart
2. Cautionary Statements
•Sensor will be damaged if it is encased in frozen liquid.
•Although the CS451/CS456 is rugged, it is also a highly precise scientific
instrument and should be handled as such. There are no user-serviceable
parts and any attempt to disassemble the device will void the warranty.
•Care should be taken when opening the package not to damage or cut the
cable jacket.
•Dropping the instrument or allowing it to “free fall” down a well may
damage the transducer.
•Never suspend the CS451/CS456 from the connections at the top end of
the cable. Sharp bends or excessive pinching of the cable can cause
damage and may pinch off the vent tube causing measurement errors.
•Confirm the compatibility of the sensor and cable to non-water
environments before installation.
•The CS456 should be used in harsh water applications, including salt
water.
3. Initial Inspection
•Upon receipt of the CS451/CS456, inspect the packaging for any signs of
shipping damage and, if found, report the damage to the carrier in
accordance with policy. The contents of the package should also be
inspected and a claim filed if any shipping related damage is discovered.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
•The model number and pressure range is etched on the housing and the
cable length is printed on the label near the connection end of the cable.
Check this information against the shipping documentation to ensure that
the expected product was received.
•The transducer comes with a desiccant tube attached to the cable.
4. Quickstart
This quickstart guide assumes:
•Default settings used (SDI-12 address 0, pressure reported in psig,
temperature reported in C)
•ShortCut Program Generator for Windows (SCWin) used to program
datalogger, calculate offset, and generate wiring diagram
For complete configuration, installation, wiring, and programming information,
see Section 7, Operation.
4.1 Step 1 — Desiccant Check
The desiccant tube is shipped with a black cap to cover the
vent hole. This cap MUST be removed prior to installation.
CAUTION
Ensure the desiccant is blue; replace if not.
The desiccant tube must always be attached to the CS451/CS456.
4.2 Step 2 — Choose Appropriate Depth
The CS451/CS456 must be installed below the water at a fixed depth. This
depth should be chosen so the water pressure will never exceed the
transducer’s pressure range (twice its pressure range).
The output reading will not be correct, and the transducer
can be damaged if pressure is excessive (2 x full scale).
CAUTION
Pressure can be converted to feet of fresh water using the following simple
equation:
1 psi = 2.31 feet of water
For example, the maximum depth with a pressure range of 0 to 7.25 psig is
16.748 feet of water.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
4.3 Step 3 — Dislodge Bubbles
While submersing the transducer, air bubbles may become trapped between the
pressure plate and the water surface, causing small offset errors until the
bubbles dissolve. Dislodge these bubbles by gently shaking the CS451/CS456
while under water.
If bubbles are not removed by rotation and shaking
underwater (or bleeding out the air in a closed system), the
CS451/CS456 reading will drift lower by the distance of the
gap as the bubbles are slowly dissolved into the water over
time.
CAUTION
Hitting against the well casing or other solid surface could
damage the transducer.
CAUTION
4.4 Step 4 — Install Transducer
Lower the transducer to an appropriate depth.
Do not drop the instrument or allow it to “free fall” down a
well as this may damage the sensor.
CAUTION
With long drops it may be necessary to use the weighted nose cone (option
-WN).
The transducer body can be strapped with tie wraps or tape. Campbell
Scientific offers cable ties (pn 7421) that can be used to secure and strain relief
the cable. If installing in a well, fasten the cable to the well head. Wrap the
cable ties around the cable jacket.
Never suspend the CS451/CS456 from the connections at
the top of the cable. Sharp bends or excessive pinching of
the cable can cause damage and may pinch off the vent
tube causing measurement errors.
CAUTION
Several readings should be taken to ensure proper operations after installation.
4.5 Step 5 — Measure Initial Water Elevation
Use a staff gauge (or other device) to measure the initial elevation of water.
This value is used to calculate an offset that corrects the final measurement for
errors due to zero offset or installation. SCWin will make the offset
calculation. Refer to Section 7.2.2, Offset Calculation, if not using SCWin to
calculate the offset.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
4.6 Step 6 — Use SCWin to Program Datalogger and Generate
Wiring Diagram
The simplest method for programming the datalogger to measure a
CS451/CS456 is to use SCWin.
1. Open Short Cut and click on New Program then select Next.
2. Select a datalogger and scan interval then select Next.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
3. Select CS451/CS456 Pressure Sensor, click the right arrow to add it to
the list of sensors to be measured, then select Next.
4. Select Offset Calculation then select lvl_ft for the Linked Level and
enter the initial water level in the Observed Level Reading box.
Enter
initial
water
elevation
here
5. Choose the outputs and then select Finish.
6. In the Save As window, enter an appropriate file name and select Save.
7. In the Confirm window, click Yes to download the program to the
datalogger.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
8. Click on Wiring Diagram and wire according to the wiring diagram
generated by SCWin Short Cut.
Refer to Section 7, Operation, for wiring, offset calculation, and
programming information if not using SCWin Short Cut.
NOTE
5. Overview
The CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer is designed to provide a
reliable, accurate pressure/level measurement that is fully temperature
compensated.
The 24 bit A/D has simultaneous 50/60 Hz rejection and automatic calibration
for each measurement. A number of additional advanced measurement
techniques are employed to harness the best possible performance available from
today’s state-of-the-art pressure transducer technology. The transducer reverts to
a low power sleep state between measurements. A series of measurements are
performed yielding a temperature and pressure value. This measurement cycle
takes less than 1.5 second. The transducer can also be configured to output
pressure only in less than 1 second. The measurement cycle is activated by
commands via SDI-12 or RS-232 terminal commands.
The design uses a piezoresistive sensor housed in a 316L stainless-steel (CS451)
or titanium (CS456) package to enhance reliability. The rugged construction
makes the CS451/CS456 suitable for water level measurement in irrigation
applications, water wells, lakes, streams and tanks. The titanium package of the
CS456 makes it ideal for salt water or other harsh environments. The cable
incorporates a vent tube to compensate for atmospheric pressure fluctuations and
the jacket is made of rugged Hytrel®, designed to remain flexible and tough,
even under harsh environmental conditions.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
The CS451/CS456 has two communication options: SDI-12 or RS-232. The
CS451/CS456 is shipped from the factory with both communications options
enabled; there is no configuration required. As an SDI-12 sensor, the
CS451/CS456 is shipped with an address of 0.
Two values are output by the CS451/CS456—pressure/level and temperature.
The CS451/CS456 is shipped from the factory to output pressure in psig and
temperature in degrees Celsius.
The CS451/CS456 has three nose cone options. FIGURE 5-1 shows the nose
cone options. The weighted nose cone makes the transducer easier to
submerge to depth. The NPT nose cone allows the transducer to be used in
closed-pipe applications. The nose cones can be switched out later.
Standard Nose Cone
Weighted Nose Cone
N
PT Nose Cone
FIGURE 5-1. CS451 nose cone options
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
6. Specifications
Features:
•Output acceptable for recording devices with SDI-12 or RS-232
capability including Campbell Scientific dataloggers
•Quality construction that ensures product reliability
•Rugged stainless steel or titanium case that protects piezoresistive
sensor
•Fully temperature compensated
•Low power sleep state between measurements that reduces power
consumption
•Weighted nose cone offered that adds 0.2 kg (7.4 oz) to the
transducer’s weight. Additional weight makes submersion of the
transducer easier
Compatible Dataloggers: CR200(X) series
CR800
CR850
CR1000
CR3000
CR5000
CR500
CR510
CR10(X)
CR23X
Power Requirements: 5 to 18 Vdc
Power Consumption: Quiescent current < 50 µA
Measurement/Communication Current: 8
mA for 1-s measurement
Maximum Peak Current: 40 mA
Measurement Time: Less than 1.5 s
Outputs: SDI-12 (version 1.3) 1200 bps
RS-232 9600 bps
Measurement Ranges:
Pressure (psig) Pressure (kPa) Depth of fresh water
0 to 2.9 0 to 20 0 to 2 m (6.7 ft)
0 to 7.25 0 to 50 0 to 5.1 m (16.7 ft)
0 to 14.5 0 to 100 0 to 10.2 m (33.4 ft)
0 to 29 0 to 200 0 to 20.4 m (67 ft)
0 to 72.5 0 to 500 0 to 50.9 m (167 ft)
0 to 145 0 to 1000 0 to 102 m (334.5 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.1% full scale range TEB* or
±0.05% full scale range TEB**
Resolution: 0.0035% full scale range
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
Overpressure: 2x pressure range
Dry Storage Temperature: ─10° to 80°C
Sensor will be damaged if it is encased in frozen liquid.
CAUTION
Operating Temperature: 0° to 60°C
Temperature Accuracy: ±0.2°C
Maximum Cable Length:
SDI-12 (one transducer
connected to a single port): ~475 m (1500 ft)
SDI-12 (10 transducers
connected to a single port): 60 m (200 ft)
RS-232: 60 m (200 ft)
Cable Type: 5 Conductor, 26 AWG
Hytrel Jacket
Body Material: CS451 – 316L Stainless Steel
CS456 – Titanium
Element Material: CS451 – 316L Stainless Steel
CS456 – Hastelloy
Top Cone Material: Delrin
Dimensions: Length 213.36 mm (6.875 in)
Diameter 21.34 mm (0.84 in)
Distance from pressure sensor interface
(black line etched on housing) to:
End of NPT fitting: 2.54 cm (1 in)
End of standard nose cone: 2.3 cm (0.9 in)
End of weighted nose cone: 9.9 cm (3.9 in)
Air Gap
Standard and weighted
nose cone: 0.653 cm (0.257 in)
NPT fitting: 2.72 cm (1.07 in)
Weight: CS451: 0.17 kg (0.37 lb)
CS456: 0.10 kg (0.23 lb)
Cable: 0.421 kg/m (0.283 lb/ft)
25431 Split Mesh Grip
Accepts cable diameter: 4.57 to 6.35 mm (0.18 to 0.25 in)
Breaking Strength: ~300 lb
* Total Error Band (TEB) includes the combined errors due to nonlinearity,
hysteresis, nonrepeatability, and thermal effects over the compensated
temperature range, per ISA S51.1.
** 0.05% full scale range accuracy not available in the 0 to 2.9 psig range.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
7. Operation
7.1 Configuration
The CS451/CS456 is configured at the factory with default settings:
TABLE 7-1. Factory Settings
SDI-12 Address 0
RS-232 Baud Rate 9600
Pressure/Level Units PSIG
Temperature Units Celsius
Communicating with the CS451/CS456 requires the sensor to be either
connected to a PC or to an SDI-12 recorder. The sensor typically connects to a
PC via the A200 sensor to PC interface. Many SDI-12 recorders allow
communication to the sensor via a terminal screen. Configurable settings can
be changed via SDI-12 commands or by using Campbell Scientific’s software
Device Configuration Utility.
7.1.1 PC Connection Using the A200
The A200 or another device is required to connect the CS451/CS456 to a PC.
This allows sensor settings to be changed via our Device Configuration Utility.
7.1.1.1 Driver Installation
If the A200 has not been previously plugged into your PC and your PC
operating system is not Windows 7, the A200 driver needs to be loaded onto
your PC.
Drivers should be loaded before plugging the A200 into the PC.
NOTE
The A200 drivers can be downloaded, at no charge, from:
www.campbellsci.com/downloads.
7.1.1.2 Wiring
One end of the A200 has a terminal block while the other end has a type B
female USB port. The terminal block provides 12V, G, TX, and RX terminals
for connecting the sensor (see FIGURE 7-1 and TABLE 7-2).
A data cable (pn 17648) ships with the A200. This cable has a USB type-A
male connector that attaches to a PC’s USB port, and a type B male connector
that attaches to the A200’s USB port.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
7.1.1.3 Powering the Sensor
The A200 provides power to the sensor when it is connected to a PC’s USB
port. An internal DC/DC converter boosts the 5 Vdc supply from the USB
connection to a 12 Vdc output is required to power the sensor.
7.1.1.4 Determining which COM Port the A200 has been Assigned
When the A200 driver is loaded, the A200 is assigned a COM port number.
This COM port number is needed when using the Device Configuration Utility
or a PC terminal software such as HyperTerminal.
Often, the assigned COM port will be the next port number that is free.
However, if other devices have been installed in the past (some of which may
no longer be plugged in), the A200 may be assigned a higher COM port
number.
To check which COM port has been assigned to the A200, watch for the
appearance of a new COM port in the list of COM ports offered in the software
package (e.g., LoggerNet) before and after the installation, or look in the
Windows Device Manager list under the ports section (access via the control
panel).
FIGURE 7-1. A200 Sensor-to-PC Interface
TABLE 7-2. A200 Wiring
Color
Sensor
Cable Label
A200
Terminal
Red 12V +12Vdc
Black G G
White C Tx
Blue G Rx
Yellow G G
Clear Signal Ground G
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
7.1.2 Device Configuration Utility (version 2.03 or higher)
The Device Configuration Utility allows you to change the settings of the
CS451/CS456. Device Configuration Utility is shipped on the Campbell
Scientific ResourceDVD included with the CS451/CS456.
To use Device Configuration Utility, the transducer needs to be connected to
the PC via the A200 (see Section 7.1.1, PC Connection Using the A200). After
installing Device Configuration Utility and connecting the transducer to the
PC, select CS451 from the Device Type list on the left column of the screen.
In the PC Serial Port box, select the COM port that was assigned to the A200
(see Section 7.1.1.4, Determining which COM Port the A200 has been
Assigned). Click on the Connect button to enable communication with the
sensor. Once successfully connected, the screen should look like FIGURE 7-2.
FIGURE 7-2. Connect screen
There are three settings that can be changed: SDI-12 address, Pressure/Level
Units and Temperature Units. Double-click on the window of the units to be
changed. This will open a pick menu box. Select the desired units and Apply
the changes.
7.1.3 SDI-12 Transparent Mode
Transparent Mode allows direct communication with the CS451/CS456. This
may require waiting for programmed datalogger commands to finish before
sending responses. While in the transparent mode, datalogger programs may
not execute. Datalogger security may need to be unlocked before transparent
mode can be activated.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
Transparent mode is entered while the PC is in telecommunications with the
datalogger through a terminal emulator program. It is most easily accessed
through Campbell Scientific datalogger support software, but is also accessible
with terminal emulator program.
To enter the SDI-12 transparent mode, enter Terminal Emulator from
LoggerNet, PC400 or PC200W datalogger support software. A terminal
emulator screen is displayed. Click the Open Terminal button.
For CR800-series, CR1000, CR3000 dataloggers, press <Enter> until the
datalogger responds with the prompt (“CR800>” for the CR800). Type SDI12
at the prompt and press <Enter>. In response, the query Enter Cx Port 1,3,5
or 7 will appear. Enter the control port integer to which the transducer is
connected. An Entering SDI12 Terminal response indicates that SDI-12
Transparent Mode is active.
FIGURE 7-3. Terminal Emulator
For CR10X and CR510 standard mixed-array dataloggers, the
telecommunications command to enter SDI-12 transparent mode is nX<Enter>
where nis the control port being used for SDI-12. In this example, the selected
control port is C1, so the command would be 1X<Enter>. In response, the
datalogger opens the link to control port 1 and responds with a prompt. CR10X
and CR510 dataloggers reply with entering SDI-12.
CR10X-PB and CR510-PB dataloggers require *#n being entered at the
prompt, where nis the control port being used.
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CS451/CS456 Submersible Pressure Transducer
Now check for response from the sensor with address zero by typing the SDI-
12 Identify command 0I!<Enter> (that’s a zero, not the letter O). The sensor
should respond with an identification string similar to:
013CSI450.Std.01_xxxxxxxx, where xxxxxxxx represents the eight digit serial
number. Note that the SDI-12 standard allows for multiple probes to be
connected to one datalogger control port. For example, if you have another
SDI-12 probe on the C1 that has address 7, you could issue the identify
command 7I!<Enter>.
Only one sensor of the same address can be connected when using the change
address command.
7.1.4 RS-232 Connection via PC Terminal Software
PC terminal software can be used to communicate with the CS451/CS456 via
the RS-232 communication mode (see FIGURE 7-4).
The CS451/CS456 is connected to the PC via the A200 (see Section 7.1.1, PC
Connection Using the A200).
Upon setup, the terminal emulator software will request you enter the
Communication connection; defaults to a phone connection. Change the
communication to appropriate “Com” in the “Connect Using” box (see Section
7.1.1.4, Determining which COM Port the A200 has been Assigned, to
determine the COM port that was assigned to the A200). The software will
then prompt for the proper “Port Settings”. TABLE 7-3 shows the RS-232
settings.
TABLE 7-3. RS-232 Settings
Bits per Second 9600
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
You will now be able to communicate with the CS451/CS456. At the prompt,
push the <Enter> key several times. This will wake-up the RS-232 mode of
the sensor. TABLE 7-4 shows the RS-232 commands that can be entered once
it is in the RS-232 mode.
By default, the CS451/CS456 is in the SDI-12 mode for
communication. Once in the RS-232 mode, if there is no
communication for 20 seconds, the sensor will return to the SDI-
12 mode.
NOTE
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