HBM C18 User manual

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Force transducer
C18
Mounting Instructions
A0886-4.1_en/de

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English
1 Safety Instructions 3........................................
2 Scope of supply 9..........................................
3 Application instructions 9...................................
4 Structure and mode of operation 11...........................
4.1 Measuring body 11............................................
4.2 Mounting base and thrust piece 11..............................
4.3 Disturbance variables and compensation 11......................
5 Conditions on site 12........................................
5.1 Ambient temperature 12.......................................
5.2 Moisture and humidity 12......................................
5.3 Air pressure 12...............................................
6 Mechanical installation 13....................................
6.1 Important precautions during installation 13......................
6.2 General installation guidelines 14...............................
6.3 Force transducer installation 14.................................
7 Electrical connection 16......................................
7.1 Notes on cabling 16...........................................
7.2 Assignment of cable wires 18...................................
8 Specifications 19............................................
9 Dimensions 21..............................................

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1 Safety Instructions
Designated use
The force transducers in the C18 type series are solely
designed for measuring (static and dynamic) tensile and
dynamic compressive forces within the load limits
specified by the technical data for the respective
maximum capacities. Any other use is not the designated
use.
To ensure safe operation, the regulations in the mounting
and operating instructions, together with the following
safety requirements, and the data specified in the
technical data sheets, must be complied with. It is also
essential to observe the applicable legal and safety
regulations for the application concerned.
The force transducers are not intended for use as safety
components. Please also refer to the section: “Additional
safety precautions”. Proper and safe operation of the
force transducer requires proper transportation, correct
storage, siting and mounting, and careful operation.
Operating personnel
Mounting and operation of the force transducer must only
be carried out by fully qualified personnel. Qualified
personnel in this respect means persons entrusted with
siting, mounting, starting up and operating the product,
who are familiar with the operation of the force transducer
and possess the appropriate qualifications for their
function.
Loading capacity limits
The data in the technical data sheet must be complied
with when using the force transducer. In particular, the
respective maximum loads specified must never be

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exceeded. The following limits set out in the technical
data sheets must not be exceeded
SLimit loads
SLateral load limits
SBreaking loads
SPermissible dynamic loads
STemperature limits
SLimits of electrical loading capacity
Please note that when several force transducers are
interconnected, the load/force distribution is not always
uniform.
Use as a machine element
The force transducers can be used as machine elements.
When used in this manner, it must be noted that, to favor
greater sensitivity, the force transducer cannot be
designed with the safety factors usual in mechanical
engineering. Please refer here to the section “Loading
capacity limits”, and to the specifications.
Additional safety precautions
The force transducers cannot (as passive transducers)
implement any (safety‐relevant) cutoffs. This requires
additional components and constructive measures for
which the installer and operator of the plant is
responsible.
In cases where a breakage or malfunction of the force
transducer would cause injury to persons or damage to
equipment, the user must take appropriate additional
safety measures that meet at least the requirements of
applicable safety and accident prevention regulations

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(e.g. automatic emergency shutdown, overload
protection, catch straps or chains, or other fall protection).
The layout of the electronics conditioning the
measurement signal should be such that measurement
signal failure does not cause damage.
General dangers of failing to follow the safety
instructions
The force transducers are state‐of‐the‐art and reliable.
Transducers can give rise to residual dangers if they are
incorrectly operated or inappropriately mounted, installed
and operated by untrained personnel. Every person
involved with siting, starting‐up, operating or repairing a
force transducer must have read and understood the
mounting instructions and in particular the technical
safety instructions. The force transducers can be
damaged or destroyed by non‐designated use of the
force transducer or by non‐compliance with the mounting
and operating instructions, these safety instructions or
any other applicable safety regulations (BG safety and
accident prevention regulations) when using the force
transducers. Force transducers can break, particularly in
the case of overloading. The breakage of a force
transducer can also cause damage to property or injury
to persons in the vicinity of the force transducer.
If force transducers are not used according to their
designated use, or if the safety instructions or
specifications in the mounting and operating instructions
are ignored, it is also possible that the force transducer
may fail or malfunction, with the result that persons or
property may be affected (due to the loads acting on or
being monitored by the force transducer).
The scope of supply and performance of the transducer
covers only a small area of force measurement
technology, as measurements with (resistive) strain gage

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sensors presuppose the use of electronic signal
processing. In addition, equipment planners, installers
and operators should plan, implement and respond to the
safety engineering considerations of force measurement
technology in such a way as to minimize residual
dangers. On‐site regulations must be complied with at all
times.
Warns of a potentially dangerous situation in which failure
to comply with safety requirements could result in death
or serious physical injury.
WARNING
Description of a potentially dangerous situation
Measures to avoid/prevent the danger
The marking below draws your attention to a potentially
dangerous situation in which failure to comply with safety
requirements could result in slight or moderate physical
injury.
CAUTION
Description of a potentially dangerous situation
Measures to avoid/prevent the danger
The marking below draws your attention to a situation in
which failure to comply with safety requirements could
lead to damage to property.

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Note
Description of a situation that could lead to damage to
property
Disposal
In accordance with national and local environmental
protection and material recovery and recycling
regulations, old transducers that can no longer be used
must be disposed of separately and not with normal
household waste.
If you need more information about waste disposal,
please contact your local authorities or the dealer from
whom you purchased the product.
Conversions and modifications
The transducer must not be modified from the design or
safety engineering point of view except with our express
agreement. Any modification shall exclude all liability on
our part for any damage resulting therefrom.
Qualified personnel
Qualified personnel means persons entrusted with siting,
mounting, starting up and operating the product, who
possess the appropriate qualifications for their function.
This includes people who meet at least one of the three
following requirements:
1. Knowledge of the safety concepts of automation
technology is a requirement and as project personnel,
you must be familiar with these concepts

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2. As automation plant operating personnel, you have
been instructed how to handle the machinery. You are
familiar with the operation of the equipment and
technologies described in this documentation
3. As commissioning engineers or service engineers,
you have successfully completed the training to qualify
you to repair the automation systems. You are also
authorized to activate, ground and label circuits and
equipment in accordance with safety engineering
standards.
It is also essential to comply with the legal and safety
requirements for the application concerned during use.
The same applies to the use of accessories.
The force transducer must only be installed by qualified
personnel, strictly in accordance with the specifications
and with the safety requirements and regulations listed
below.
Maintenance
The C18 force transducer is maintenance‐free.
Accident prevention
The prevailing accident prevention regulations must be
taken into account, even though the nominal (rated) force
values in the destructive range are well in excess of the
full scale value.

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2 Scope of supply
SC18 measuring body
SThrust piece
SMounting base
SMounting instructions
SManufacturing certificate
Accessories (not included among the items supplied)
SDKD calibration certificate to EN10002-3, ISO376,
order no. K-CAL-FD...
3 Application instructions
Force transducers of the C18 type series are suitable for
measuring compressive forces. Because they provide
highly accurate static and dynamic force measurements,
they must be handled very carefully. Particular care must
be taken when transporting and installing the devices.
Dropping or knocking the transducers may cause
permanent damage.
The transducer must always be installed with a
mounting base and a thrust piece, otherwise
measurements errors will result.
Both in conjunction with DC amplifiers and
carrier‐frequency amplifiers, force transducers can be
used at a maximum carrier frequency of 600 Hz.

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C18 force transducers with a DKD certificate from
HBM
An additional force calibration to EN 10002-3 and
ISO376, guarantees a Class 0.5 rating for the transducer.
To achieve optimum accuracy for a DKD calibration, it is
advisable to calibrate the entire measuring chain. This
comprises the transducer and amplifier being used.
Section 8 on page 7 lists the permissible limits for
mechanical, thermal and electrical stress. It is essential
that these are taken into account when planning the
measuring set‐up, during installation and, ultimately,
during operation.

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4 Structure and mode of operation
4.1 Measuring body
The measuring element is a stainless steel measuring
spring, on which strain gages (SG) are installed (ring
torsion concept).
The application of compressive forces causes
deformation, which is detected by the strain gages. When
the excitation voltage is applied, this produces a signal
proportional to the force at the measurement signal
leads. The transducer circuit contains correction and
compensation resistances to avoid unwanted influences
on the zero signal and sensitivity.
4.2 Mounting base and thrust piece
For nominal (rated) forces of 10 kN to 500 kN, the
mounting base is made from stainless steel; for 1 MN to
5 MN, from hardened, heat‐treated steel.
Lightly oil the mounting base to protect it from corrosion.
All thrust pieces are made from stainless steel.
4.3 Disturbance variables and
compensation
Torsion, bending and lateral loads are disturbance
variables and therefore to be avoided.
The temperature effects on the zero signal and on the
sensitivity are compensated.

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Changes in ambient pressure act as additive/subtractive
forces.
5 Conditions on site
5.1 Ambient temperature
To obtain optimum measurement results, the nominal
(rated) temperature range must be observed. Constant,
or very slowly changing temperatures are optimal.
Temperature‐related measurement errors are caused by
heating on one side (e.g. radiant heat) or by cooling. A
radiation shield and all‐round thermal insulation produce
noticeable improvements, but must not be allowed to set
up a force shunt.
5.2 Moisture and humidity
External dampness and a tropical climate do not
adversely affect transducer function.
5.3 Air pressure
Air pressure changes act on the force transducer as a
change in force. Please note that pressure fluctuations
offset the zero point:
Maximum capacity 10kN 20kN 50kN  50kN
max. variation of zero
point [%/10mbar]
0.01 0.005 0.002 t0.001

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6 Mechanical installation
6.1 Important precautions during
installation
SHandle the transducer with care.
SThe force application surfaces must be perfectly clean
and fully bearing.
STo achieve the specified characteristic values, the
force transducer must be used with the load
application parts (mounting base and thrust piece)
that are included among the items supplied.
SWelding currents must not be allowed to flow over the
transducer. If there is a risk that this might happen,
you must use a suitable low‐ohm connection to
electrically bypass the transducer. HBM, forexample,
provides the highly flexible EEK ground cable, which
can be screwed on, both above and below the
transducer.
SMake sure that the transducer cannot be overloaded.
WARNING
There is a danger of the transducer breaking if it is
overloaded. This can cause danger for the operating
personnel of the system in which the transducer is
installed.
Implement appropriate safety measures to avoid
overloads or to protect against resulting dangers.

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6.2 General installation guidelines
The forces must act on the transducer as accurately as
possible in the direction of measurement.
CAUTION
Torsional and bending moments, eccentric loading and
lateral forces produce measurement errors and may
destroy the transducer, if limit values are exceeded. This
can lead to the measuring device overloading.
HBM includes the thrust piece and the mounting base as
mounting aids for the transducers of the C18 type series.
The thrust piece prevents torsional and bending
moments, as well as lateral and angular load, being
applied to the transducers.
6.3 Force transducer installation
The C18 force transducer must always be installed
with a mounting base and thrust piece (both included
among the items supplied).
Thrust piece
Measuring body
Mounting base
Fig. 6.1 Basic diagram of the force transducer mounting
concept

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C18/10kN  50kN
For measuring ranges of 10 kN to 50 kN, the mounting
base is tightly screwed to the underside of the measuring
body by four M5 screws. This has already been done at
the factory.
Tightening torque: 4 N⋅m
C18/100kN  5MN
For measuring ranges of 100 kN to 5 MN, the measuring
body is placed on the mounting base. There is a
centering device in the center of the mounting base.
Important
Note the marks on the mounting base and on the
transducer body: Rotate the transducer so that the two
marks coincide exactly.

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7 Electrical connection
The transducer connection cable has color‐coded free
wire ends. The cable shield is connected in accordance
with the Greenline concept. This encloses the
measurement system in a Faraday cage.
Electromagnetic interference cannot affect the
measurement system.
Transducers with free ends must be fitted with CE‐norm
connectors. The shielding must be connected
extensively.
With other connection techniques, an EMC‐proof shield
should be applied in the wire area and this shield should
also be connected extensively (see also HBM Greenline
Information, brochure i1577).
7.1 Notes on cabling
SUse shielded, low‐capacitance HBM cables only.
SDo not route the measurement cables parallel to
power lines or control circuits. If this is not possible (in
cable pits, for example), protect the measurement
cable with a rigid steel conduit, for example and keep
it at least 50 cms away from the other cables. The
power lines or control circuits should be twisted (15
twists per meter).
SAvoid stray fields from transformers, motors and
contactors.
SDo not ground the transducer, amplifier and indicator
more than once. All the devices in the measurement
chain must be connected to the same grounded
conductor.

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SThe connection cable shielding is connected to the
transducer housing.
SFollow the connection diagram and keep to the
(Greenline) grounding concept.
SA four‐wire configuration is used for the force
transducers and the cable must not be shortened.
STo achieve full accuracy, a six‐wire configuration
should be used for the extension cable.
Note
Under no circumstances must the force transducer's
screwed cable gland be opened. Should this happen by
mistake, you must return the transducer to the factory for
repair.

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7.2 Assignment of cable wires
Transducers are fitted with a four‐core connection cable
and are calibrated in a four‐wire configuration as
standard. The 5m long transducer connection cable has
color‐coded free wire ends.
If the transducer is connected in accordance with the
following connection diagram, the output voltage at the
amplifier is positive when under compressive loading.
wh (white) Measurement signal (+) UA
bk (black) Excitation voltage (-) UB
rd (red) Measurement signal (-) UA
bu (blue) Excitation voltage (+) UB
ye (yellow) Cable shield, connected to the housing
Fig. 7.1 Transducer with a four‐core connection cable
wh (white) Measurement signal (+) UA
bk (black) Excitation voltage (-) UB
rd (red) Measurement signal (-) UA
bu (blue) Excitation voltage (+) UB
ye (yellow) Cable shield,
connected to the housing
Sense lead
Sense lead
Fig. 7.2 Transducer with a four‐core connection cable,
amplifier in a six‐wire configuration

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8 Specifications
Nominal (rated) force Fnom kN 10 -
200
300 500 -
1000
2000 -
3000
5000
Class to ISO 376 (0.2 Fnom to Fnom)1) 0.5
Nominal (rated) sensitivity Cnom mV/V 2
Rel. sensitivity error
(compression)
dC% 0.2
Relative zero signal error ds,o % 1
Relative zero error (zero
signal return) 1) fo% 0.012 0.024
Hysteresis error
(0.2Fnom to Fnom )1)
u % 0.08
Relative reproducibility and
repeatability errors (0.2Fnom
to Fnom) for:
a constant mounting position1)
varying mounting positions1) bl b
%
%
0.04
0.08
Non‐linearity dlin % 0.05
Effect of temperature on
sensitivity/10 K, rel. to nominal
(rated) sensitivity TKc% 0.01
Effect of temp. on zero
signal/10 K, rel. to nominal
(rated) sensitivity TK0% 0.01
Effect of lateral forces (lateral
force 10% Fnom)2)
dQ% 0.035 0.1 0.15
Effect of eccentricity per mm % 0.02
Relative creep over 30 min dcrF+E % 0.03
Input resistance RiΩ4450"100
Output resistance RoΩ4010"2
Insulation resistance Ris Ωu50 x 109
Reference excitation voltage Uref V 5

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50002000 -
3000
500 -
1000
30010 -
200
kNFnom Nominal (rated) force
Operating range of excitation
voltage BU,G TV5 to 30
Carrier frequency of
excitation voltage Hz v600
Nominal (rated) temperature
range
Bt,nom oC+10 ... +40
Operating temperature range Bt,G oC-30 ... +80
Storage temperature range Bt,S oC-50 ... +85
Reference temperature tref oC +22
Max. operating force (FG) % 170 150 135
Limit force (FL) % 170 150 135
Breaking force (FB) % 400 320 290
Static lateral limit force2) (FQ) % 0.27⋅Fnom; (to Fz≤0.5Fnom)
0.45⋅(Fnom-0.8⋅Fz);
(for Fz> 0.5Fnom)
(Fz= force in direction of
measurement)
1) Class 0.5 to ISO 376, classification only guaranteed in conjunction with a DKD calibration
certificate to ISO376.
2) Relative to a force application point on the force application surface of the measuring body
Nominal (rated)
force
Fnom kN 10 20 50 100 200 300 500 1000 2000 3000 5000
Nominal (rated)
displacement
Snom mm 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.26 0.45 0.62 0.79 1.08
Total weight kg 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.3 3.9 10.4 15.3 45.6 52.6 90.4
Rel. permissible
vibrational
stress
Frb % 70
Degree of protection per
EN60529
IP68 (test conditions 1 m water column / 100 h)
Cable length, four‐wire
configuration
m 5
Measuring body material stainless steel