Campbell RAWS-P User manual

RAWS-P Remote
Automated Weather Station
Revision: 6/10
Copyright © 2006-2010
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance
The RAWS-P REMOTE AUTOMATED WEATHER STATION is
warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date
of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell
Scientific, Inc.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or
replacing (at Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s option) defective products. The
customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping
defective products to Campbell Scientific, Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will
return such products by surface carrier prepaid. This warranty shall not apply
to any Campbell Scientific, Inc. products which have been subjected to
modification, misuse, neglect, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Campbell
Scientific, Inc. is not liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential
damages.
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following
contact information is for US and International customers residing in countries
served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle
repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company
serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact Campbell
Scientific, Inc., phone [phone]. After an applications engineer
determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please
write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell
Scientific's shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a “Declaration of Hazardous Material
and Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it.
The form is available from our website at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A
completed form must be either emailed to [e-mail] or faxed to
435-750-9579. Campbell Scientific will not process any returns until we
receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product
receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the
customer’s expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on
products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety
concerns for our employees.

RAWS-P Table of Contents
PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use
the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.
1. Introduction..................................................................1
2. Getting Started.............................................................2
3. Station Siting and Orientation....................................5
3.1 General Description..................................................................................5
3.2 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity ..................................................5
3.3 Precipitation..............................................................................................5
3.4 Solar Radiation .........................................................................................5
3.5 Wind Speed and Direction........................................................................5
3.6 Barometric Pressure..................................................................................6
3.7 Fuel Moisture and Fuel Temperature........................................................6
4. Sensor Wiring and Troubleshooting..........................6
4.1 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity ..................................................6
4.1.1 General Description, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
(part #HMP45C-LQ)..............................................................................6
4.1.2 Wiring, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
(part #HMP45C-LQ)..............................................................................6
4.1.3 Troubleshooting, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
(part #HMP45C-LQ)..............................................................................6
4.2 Rain Gage.................................................................................................7
4.2.1 General Description, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ).......................7
4.2.2 Wiring, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ)............................................7
4.2.3 Troubleshooting, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ).............................7
4.3 Solar Radiation .........................................................................................7
4.3.1 General Description, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ)....................7
4.3.2 Wiring, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ) ........................................7
4.3.3 Troubleshooting, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ) .........................8
4.4 Wind Speed and Direction........................................................................8
4.4.1 Windset (part #034B-LQ)..............................................................8
4.4.1.1 General Description, Windset (part #034B-LQ)...................8
4.4.1.2 Wiring, Windset (part #034B-LQ)........................................8
4.4.1.3 Troubleshooting, Windset (part #034B-LQ).........................8
4.4.2 2-D WindSonic ...............................................................................9
4.4.2.1 General Description, 2-D WindSonic
(part #WindSonic-LQ)....................................................................9
4.4.2.2 Wiring, 2-D WindSonic (part #WindSonic-LQ)...................9
4.4.2.3 Troubleshooting, 2-D WindSonic (part #WindSonic-LQ)....9
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RAWS-P Table of Contents
4.5 Barometric Pressure................................................................................. 9
4.5.1 General Description, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100-QD) ...... 9
4.5.2 Wiring, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100) .................................. 9
4.5.3 Troubleshooting, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100)................. 10
4.6 Fuel Moisture and Fuel Temperature..................................................... 10
4.6.1 General Description, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature
(part #CS515-LQ)............................................................................... 10
4.6.2 Wiring, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature (part #CS515-LQ)...... 10
4.6.3 Troubleshooting, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature
(part #CS515-LQ)............................................................................... 11
5. Equipment Wiring and Troubleshooting..................11
5.1 Solar Panels............................................................................................ 11
5.1.1 General Description, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ) ................ 11
5.1.2 Wiring, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ)..................................... 11
5.1.3 Troubleshooting, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ)...................... 12
5.2 Charger/Regulator.................................................................................. 12
5.2.1 General Description, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100)..... 12
5.2.2 Wiring, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100) ......................... 13
5.2.3 Troubleshooting, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100) .......... 13
5.3 Battery.................................................................................................... 14
5.3.1 General Description, Battery........................................................ 14
5.3.2 Wiring, Battery............................................................................. 14
5.3.3 Troubleshooting, Battery.............................................................. 14
5.4 GOES Transmitter ................................................................................. 14
5.4.1 General Description, GOES Transmitter (part #TX312) ............. 14
5.4.2 Wiring, GOES Transmitter (part #TX312) .................................. 16
5.4.3 Troubleshooting, GOES Transmitter (part #TX312)................... 16
5.5 Voice Radio Interface ............................................................................ 16
5.5.1 General Description, Voice Radio Interface (part #VSP3).......... 16
5.5.2 Wiring, Voice Radio Interface (part #VSP3)............................... 17
5.5.3 Troubleshooting, Voice Radio Interface (part #VSP3)................ 17
5.6 CR1000 Keyboard/Display.................................................................... 18
5.6.1 General Description, CR1000 Keyboard/Display
(part #CR1000KD).............................................................................. 18
5.6.2 Wiring, CR1000 Keyboard/Display (part #CR1000KD)............. 18
5.6.3 Troubleshooting, CR1000 Keyboard/Display
(part #CR1000KD).............................................................................. 18
5.7 CR1000 Datalogger (part #CR1000) ..................................................... 19
5.7.1 General Description, CR1000 Datalogger (part #CR1000) ......... 19
5.7.2 Wiring, CR1000 Datalogger (part #CR1000) .............................. 20
5.7.3 Troubleshooting, CR1000 Datalogger (part #CR1000)............... 20
6. Desiccant....................................................................20
6.1 When to Replace Desiccant ................................................................... 20
6.2 Reusing Desiccant.................................................................................. 20
7. Sensor and Equipment Maintenance.......................21
7.1 Sensor and Equipment Maintenance...................................................... 21
8. Items that Ship with RAWS Station..........................21
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RAWS-P Table of Contents
9. References .................................................................22
9.1 Specifications, Equipment and Sensor....................................................22
9.2 Siting References....................................................................................22
9.3 RAWS Orientation .................................................................................22
9.3.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation..........................22
9.3.2 USGS Web Calculator..................................................................24
Figures
1-1. Color Coded, Keyed Connector Panel ....................................................1
2-1. Inside Environmental Enclosure .............................................................3
5.2-1 12 Volt Charger/Regulator..................................................................12
5.4-1 GOES Transmitter...............................................................................15
5.5-1 Voice Radio Interface..........................................................................17
5.6-1 CR1000 Keyboard/Display .................................................................18
5.7-1 CR1000 and Printed Circuit Wiring Panel..........................................19
5.7-2 Printed Circuit Board Wiring Panel Connector ID..............................19
9.3-1 Magnetic Declination for the Contiguous United States.....................23
9.3-2 A Declination Angle East of True North (Positive) is Subtracted
from 360 (0) degrees to Find True North..................................................24
9.3-3 A Declination Angle West of True North (Negative) is Subtracted
from 0 (360) degrees to Find True North..................................................24
9.3-4 USGS Web Calculator ........................................................................25
Table
2-1. Public Variables ......................................................................................4
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RAWS-P Table of Contents
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather
Station
1. Introduction
The RAWS environmental enclosure can be used for configuring a custom
Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) that matches the requirements of
your application. The aluminum environmental enclosure houses a 12 V
rechargeable battery and a CR1000 datalogger. The outside of the enclosure
has color-coded, keyed connectors (Figure 1-1) for attaching the sensors.
Besides the connectors, a wiring panel is included that allows the measurement
of additional sensors. Communication options include satellite transmitter and
voice radio interface module. Additional communication equipment
(telephone, cellular phone, radio) can be added to the station. The RAWS data
collection platform is ideal for configuring a custom remote automated weather
station.
FIGURE 1-1. Color Coded, Keyed Connector Panel
The RAWS-P comes with a generic program. Modifications to
this generic program will require datalogger support software
(LoggerNet or PC400) purchased from Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Please contact a Campbell Scientific Application Engineer for
programming assistance. Campbell Scientific company contact
information is listed on the last page of this manual.
NOTE
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
2. Getting Started
Set up and test your station before field deployment.
NOTE
Keep this manual and the CR1000KD Keyboard Display
with the RAWS. Review the station siting and orientation
section before field deployment. If a problem is encountered,
review the equipment wiring and troubleshooting sections in this
manual.
NOTE
After siting and leveling the RAWS station, open the enclosure and
(1) connect the battery cable and (2) verify the CH100 switch is in
the ‘on’ position. When this equipment is not in use (i.e.,
transport or storage), disconnect battery cable to the CH100.
NOTE
2

RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
CR1000KD
Packed in Foam
FIGURE 2-1. Inside Environmental Enclosure
(optional equipment shown)
The RAWS-P comes with a generic program. Modifications to
this generic program will require datalogger support software
(LoggerNet or PC400) purchased from Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Please contact a Campbell Scientific Application Engineer for
programming assistance. Campbell Scientific company contact
information is listed on the last page of this manual.
NOTE
Battery
TX312
GOES
Transmitter
VSP3
Vosponder
CS100
Barometric
Sensor RF Radio
CR1000
Datalogger
CR1000 Wiring Panel
SC12
Cable
CR1000
Power In
(
ma
y
g
o here
)
(1)
Connect
Battery
(2)
Turn on
CH100
3

RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
Use the CR1000KD Keyboard Display to see the
“Public Variables” shown in Table 2-1.
NOTE
•Connect the CR1000KD Keyboard Display to
the CS I/O connector (Figure 5.7-2) or SC12
Cable (Figure 2-1)
•Press any key for the CR1000KD Power up
Screen
•Press Enter to move down a menu (Press Esc
to move up a menu)
•(Press up/down arrow to select item)
•Select Data, press Enter Press any key for Power up Screen
Press ^ to turn on/off backlight
Press <> to adjust contrast
•Select Real Time Tables, press Enter
•Select Public, press Enter
•Press up/down arrow to see the Public Variables listed in Table 2-1
TABLE 2-1. Public Variables
Number Name Function
Sensor Variables
1 Batt_Volt System power supply voltage
2 AirTempF HMP45C Air Temperature in Degrees F
3 RH HMP45C Relative Humidity in Percent
4 TdewF Dew point in Deg F, calculated from HMP45C data
5 SlrW Solar Radiation in Watts, pyranometer
6 Rain_in Temporary rain, cleared every scan
7 RainTot TE525 Cumulative rain fall in inches
8 WS_mph Wind Speed in MPH
9 WindDir Wind Direction
10 WSDiag Only for Wind Sonic data, zero otherwise
11 MaxWS MaxWS, reset 2 minutes before transmit
12 MaxWD Direction of wind during Max wind speed
13 SlrMJ Solar Radiation in MJoules
14 BP_inHg Hourly - Barometric pressure, inHg
15 BPelev_ft Elevation, to correct Barometric pressure
16 FuelT_F Hourly - Fuel temperature in degrees F
17 FuelM Hourly - Fuel Moisture, % moisture by weight
GOES Variables
18 CountDwn True or False: True indicates GPS fix good and program is collection data. False
until GPS fix
19 Clockgood True or False: True after GPS fix and CR1000 clock has been set to match
TX312 clock
20 TimeToXmit Seconds until transmit time. Indicates CR1000 and TX312 are properly setup
and running
21 SWR Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), only after a transmission. Indicates condition of
antenna and cable. SWR should be less than 2.0
22 FwdPower Forward Power in dBm, should be about 37
23 RefPower Reflected power in dBm, should be about 25 or less
24 RC_Data Only valid after first transmission. Anything other than zero is a problem
25 Setup_RC Indicates if CR1000 could setup TX312. Zero is success or has not run
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
3. Station Siting and Orientation
3.1 General Description
Selecting an appropriate site for the RAWS is critical in order to obtain
accurate meteorological data. In general, the site should be representative of
the general area of interest and away from the influence of obstructions such as
buildings and trees.
See Section 9 for siting references.
NOTE
If any part of the weather station comes in contact with
power lines, you could be killed. Contact local utilities
for the location of buried utility lines before digging or
driving ground rods.
WARNING
3.2 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
A temperature and relative humidity sensor should be located over an open
level area at least 9 m in diameter (EPA). The surface should be covered by
short grass, or where grass does not grow, the natural earth surface. The sensor
must be housed inside a radiation shield and adequately ventilated.
Situations to avoid include: 1) large industrial heat sources, 2) rooftops, 3)
steep slopes, 4) sheltered hollow, 5) high vegetation, 6) shaded areas,
7) swamps, 8) areas where snow drifts occur, and 9) low places holding
standing water after rains.
3.3 Precipitation
A rain gauge should be located over an open level area covered by short grass,
or where grass does not grow, the natural earth surface. Level the rain gage.
Take off the funnel and remove the rubber band securing the
tipping bucket mechanism during transport.
NOTE
3.4 Solar Radiation
A solar radiation sensor should be located to avoid shadows on the sensor at
any time. Orient the solar radiation sensor where the solar radiation sensor
faces south (northern hemisphere) minimizing the chance of shading from
other weather station structures. Reflective surfaces and sources of artificial
radiation should be avoided. Level the solar radiation sensor.
3.5 Wind Speed and Direction
A wind sensor should be located over open level terrain and at a distance of at
least ten times (EPA) the height of any nearby building, tree, or other
obstruction.
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
3.6 Barometric Pressure
The barometric pressure sensor is mounted to the back plate inside the RAWS
environmental enclosure.
3.7 Fuel Moisture and Fuel Temperature
The fuel moisture and fuel temperature sensor should be left outside at the field
site continually exposed to the same conditions as forest fuels. The fuel
moisture and fuel temperature dowel rods absorb and desorb moisture from its
surroundings. Install the probes horizontally on the mounting stake and face
the sensors south (northern hemisphere) above a representative forest floor duff
layer. Place the sensor away from foot traffic areas.
4. Sensor Wiring and Troubleshooting
4.1 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
4.1.1 General Description, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity (part
#HMP45C-LQ)
The Vaisala Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor (part #HMP45C-
LQ) contains a Platinum Resistance Temperature detector (PRT) probe and a
Vaisala HUMICAP® 180 capacitive relative humidity probe. The probe
output for each sensor is a voltage.
4.1.2 Wiring, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity (part #HMP45C-LQ)
The temp/RH sensor is connected to the RAWS connector panel “TEMP/RH”
connector COLOR CODED ORANGE. This sensor is internally wired from
the RAWS connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger.
Connector Panel “TEMP/RH” connector COLOR CODED ORANGE
Connector Pin A Temp Hi to CR1000 1L
Connector Pin B Sensor excitation to CR1000 EX1
Connector Pin C Sensor signal Lo/AG to CR1000 AG
Connector Pin D Power ground to CR1000 Ground
Connector Pin E RH signal to CR1000 1H
Connector Pin F SW_12V to CR1000 SW_12V
4.1.3 Troubleshooting, Air Temperature and Relative Humidity (part
#HMP45C-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and look for damaged pins.
Verify that the sensor body is connected to the sensor head. Under the filter
assembly, verify the sensors are connected but not touching. Try connecting a
substitute sensor. Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
before returning this sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the HMP45C-L manual for more information.
NOTE
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
4.2 Rain Gage
4.2.1 General Description, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ)
The Texas Electronics Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ) is an adaptation of a
Weather Bureau tipping bucket rain gage. The rain gage has a 6 inch collector.
The rain gage sensor output has a switch closure for each bucket tip. Level the
rain gage.
4.2.2 Wiring, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ)
The rain gage is connected to the RAWS connector panel “PRECIP” connector
COLOR CODED BLUE. This sensor is internally wired from the RAWS
connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger.
Connector Panel “PRECIP” connector COLOR CODED BLUE
Connector Pin A Tipping Bucket to CR1000 C6
Connector Pin B 5V to CR1000 5V
Connector Pin C Ground to CR1000 Ground
4.2.3 Troubleshooting, Rain Gage (part #TE525-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and use a DVM to check the
resistance between Pin A (sensor signal) and Pin C (sensor ground). The
resistance should read as an open circuit until you move the rain gage tipping
mechanism where the magnet swings past the reed relay. Try connecting a
substitute sensor. Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
before returning this sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the TE525-L manual for more information.
NOTE
4.3 Solar Radiation
4.3.1 General Description, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ)
The Apogee Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ) measures incoming solar radiation
with a silicon photovoltaic detector mounted in a cosine-corrected head. The
detector outputs current; a shunt resistor in the sensor converts the signal from
current to voltage. During the night the CS300-LQ may read slightly negative
incoming solar radiation. The negative signal is caused by RF noise.
4.3.2 Wiring, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ)
The pyranometer sensor is connected to the RAWS connector panel “SOLAR
RAD SDI-12” connector COLOR CODED GREEN. The pyranometer sensor
is internally wired from the RAWS connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger.
Connector Panel “SOLAR RAD SDI-12” connector COLOR CODED GREEN
Connector Pin A Solar Sensor + to CR1000 3H
Connector Pin B Solar Sensor - to CR1000 3L/AG (3L shorted to AG)
Connector Pin C Solar Sensor Gnd to CR1000 AG
Connector Pin D SDI-12 Ground to CR1000 Ground*
Connector Pin E SDI-12 Signal to CR1000 C5* (*Note: 2nd SDI-12
sensor)
Connector Pin F SDI-12 12V to CR1000 12V*
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
4.3.3 Troubleshooting, Pyranometer (part #CS300-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and use a DVM to check the
voltage between Pin A Solar Sensor (+) and Pin B Solar Sensor (-). The
voltage should be 0 to 200 mV for 0 to 1000 Wm-2 radiation. No voltage
indicates a problem with either the photodiode or the shunt resistor, both of
which are potted in the sensor head and cannot be serviced. Try connecting a
substitute sensor. Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
before returning this sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the CS300-L manual for more information.
NOTE
4.4 Wind Speed and Direction
4.4.1 Windset (part #034B-LQ)
4.4.1.1 General Description, Windset (part #034B-LQ)
The Met One Windset (part #034B-LQ) is an integrated cup anemometer and
wind vane. The anemometer consists of three cups that sense the wind speed.
These cups rotate on a vertical shaft that magnetically activates a sealed reed
switch. The reed switch opens and closes at a rate proportional to wind speed.
The wind direction is sensed by a vane. The vane drives a 10 K Ohm
potentiometer. The wind speed sensor outputs a pulse. The wind direction
sensor outputs a voltage.
4.4.1.2 Wiring, Windset (part #034B-LQ)
The windset sensor is connected to the RAWS connector panel “WS/WD”
connector COLOR CODED RED. The wind speed probe is internally wired
from the RAWS connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger.
Connector Panel “WS/WD” connector COLOR CODED RED
Connector Pin A Sensor ground to CR1000 AG
Connector Pin B Wind dir. Excitation to CR1000 Ex2
Connector Pin C Wind dir. Signal to CR1000 2H
Connector Pin D Power ground to CR1000 Ground
Connector Pin E +12V power to CR1000 +12V
Connector Pin F Wind speed signal to CR1000 P1
4.4.1.3 Troubleshooting, Windset (part #034B-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and look for damaged pins.
Verify free movement of the cup anemometer and wind vane. Try connecting
a substitute sensor. Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
before returning this sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the 034B-L manual for more information.
NOTE
8

RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
4.4.2 2-D WindSonic
4.4.2.1 General Description, 2-D WindSonic (part #WindSonic-LQ)
The Gill Instruments 2-D Sonic Wind Sensor (part #WindSonic-LQ) is an
ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind direction and wind speed. It uses
two pairs of orthogonally oriented transducers to sense the horizontal wind.
The transducers bounce the ultrasonic signal from a hood, thus minimizing the
effects of transducer shadowing and flow distortion. The 2-D Sonic Wind
Sensor makes wind measurements at a frequency of 1 Hz and outputs a SDI-12
signal to the datalogger.
4.4.2.2 Wiring, 2-D WindSonic (part #WindSonic-LQ)
The 2-D Sonic Wind Sensor is connected to the RAWS connector panel “SDI-
12” connector COLOR CODED YELLOW. The wind sensor is internally
wired from the RAWS connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger.
Connector Panel “SDI-12” connector COLOR CODED YELLOW
Connector Pin A Signal + to CR1000 C7
Connector Pin B 12V to CR1000 12V
Connector Pin C Power ground to CR1000 Ground
Connector Pin D Open to CR1000
4.4.2.3 Troubleshooting, 2-D WindSonic (part #WindSonic-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and look for damaged pins.
Try connecting a substitute sensor. Should the 2-D sonic sensor be damaged,
fails to output data, or sends a nonzero diagnostic, obtain a Return Material
Authorization (RMA) number before returning this sensor to Campbell
Scientific for repair.
Consult the WINDSONIC4-L manual for more information.
NOTE
4.5 Barometric Pressure
4.5.1 General Description, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100-QD)
The Setra Barometric Pressure Sensor (part #CS100-QD) is a capacitive
pressure transducer that uses Setra’s electrical capacitor technology for
barometric pressure measurements over the 600 to 1100 milibar range. The
CS100 is supplied in the triggered mode, in which the datalogger switches 12
VDC power to the barometer before the measurement. The datalogger then
powers down the barometer after the measurement to conserve power.
4.5.2 Wiring, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100)
The barometric pressure sensor (part #CS100-QD) is mounted inside the
RAWS environmental enclosure and the sensor wires are attached to the
CR1000 printed circuit board wiring panel.
9

RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
CS100 Barometric Pressure Sensor wires attached to CR1000 Wiring
Panel
CS100 Blue wire to CR1000 wiring panel 5H
CS100 Yellow wire to CR1000 wiring panel AG
CS100 Red wire to CR1000 wiring panel 12V
CS100 Clear wire to CR1000 wiring panel Ground
CS100 Black wire to CR1000 wiring panel Ground
CS100 Green wire to CR1000 wiring panel C4
The CS100 is sensitive to static when the back plate is
removed. To avoid damage, take adequate anti-static
measures when handling this sensor.
CAUTION
4.5.3 Troubleshooting, Barometric Pressure (part #CS100)
Verify the sensor wires are securely fastened to the CS100 Barometric Pressure
Sensor connector and the CR1000 printed circuit board wiring panel. Use a
DVM to check the sensor output voltage on the CR1000 printed circuit board
wiring panel (0 to 2.5 VDC) between terminals 5H and AG.
For the DVM test, “temporarily” move the green wire from “C4”
to “5V” terminal. No voltage indicates a problem with the sensor
or a bad sensor cable connection. Try connecting a substitute
sensor.
NOTE
Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number before returning this
sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the CS100 manual for more information.
NOTE
4.6 Fuel Moisture and Fuel Temperature
4.6.1 General Description, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature
(part #CS515-LQ)
The Campbell Scientific Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor (part
#CS515-LQ) consists of a CS505 Fuel Moisture Probe, CS205 Fuel
Temperature Stick, and 107-LQ thermistor mounted on a 10974 fuel
moisture/temperature mounting stake. The fuel moisture probe provides the
moisture content of a standard 10-hour fuel moisture dowel. This moisture
represents the moisture content of small-diameter (10-hour time lag) forest
fuels. The fuel temperature probe consists of a Ponderosa pine dowel with a
bored hole and a Model 107 Temperature Probe inserted into the dowel. The
CS205 mounts on the mounting stake with the CS505.
4.6.2 Wiring, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature (part #CS515-LQ)
The Campbell Scientific CS505 and CS205 sensors are combined into one
connector (part#CS515-LQ). This sensor is internally wired from the RAWS
connector panel to the CR1000 datalogger. This sensor is connected to the
RAWS connector panel “FM/FT” connector COLOR CODED BROWN.
10

RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
Connector Panel “FM/FT” connector COLOR CODED BROWN
Connector Pin A CS205 Temp. Signal to CR1000 4L
Connector Pin B Sensor Ground to CR1000 Ground
Connector Pin C CS205 Temp. Excitation to CR1000 EX1
Connector Pin D CS505 FM Enable to CR1000 C8
Connector Pin E CS505 FM Signal to CR1000 4H
Connector Pin F CS505 FM +12V power to CR1000 +12V
4.6.3 Troubleshooting, Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature (part #CS515-LQ)
Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the connector and look for damaged pins.
Verify the CS505 sensor element is securely fastened. Try connecting a
substitute sensor. Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
before returning the CS515-QD sensor to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the CS505-L, CS205 and 107-L manuals for more
information.
NOTE
5. Equipment Wiring and Troubleshooting
5.1 Solar Panels
5.1.1 General Description, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ)
The RAWS Solar Panel is a photovoltaic power source used for charging lead
acid batteries. The SP20-LQ 20 watt solar panel is used for system
configurations that have higher-than-average power requirements. It is also
recommended for use at higher elevations and latitudes. The solar panel
should be mounted facing south if located in the northern hemisphere, or facing
north in the southern hemisphere.
The SP10-LQ 10 watt solar panel is recommended for a RAWS where NO
communication equipment is used. The SP20-LQ 20 watt solar panel is
recommended for a RAWS where communication equipment is used (i.e.,
GOES, voice, cell phone, or radio).
The solar panel selected for the RAWS depends on the station
power requirements, specifically the communication equipment
selected for the station.
NOTE
The SP10-LQ solar panel outputs 0.59 Amps, 8.9 Watts typical peak power.
The SP20-LQ solar panel outputs 1.17 Amps, 18 Watts typical peak power.
5.1.2 Wiring, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ)
The RAWS-Solar Panel (part # SP20-LQ or SP10-LQ) attaches to the
connector panel labeled “BATT CHARGER/SOLAR PANEL”. Inside the
RAWS environmental enclosure the “BATT CHARGER/SOLAR PANEL”
connector pin A and pin B are wired to the CH100 charger/regulator “CHG”
and “CHG” ports. Polarity does not matter; either lead can be connected to
either terminal. The CH100 charger/regulator has two functions: 1) blocks any
current flow from the battery to the solar panel, and 2) limits the source current
to the battery.
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
5.1.3 Troubleshooting, Solar Panel (part #SP10/20-LQ)
If a problem with the solar panel is suspected, the solar panel may be checked
by measuring the voltage output from the solar panel. Check the voltage with a
voltmeter connected between the two leads going to the CH100
charger/regulator “CHG” “CHG” terminals located inside the environmental
enclosure (15 VDC to 28 VDC). There must be solar radiation incident on the
panel and there must be a load connected to the solar panel. The load can be
the datalogger, other equipment, or a 75 ohm resistor capable of dissipating
solar panel power between the two leads. No voltage output implies a bad
solar panel, regulator, or cable. The magnitude of the voltage output depends
on the incident solar radiation. Check the sensor cable. Disconnect the
connector and look for damaged pins. Try connecting a substitute panel.
Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number before returning the
SP10/20-LQ to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Consult the SP10_SP20 Solar Panels manual for more
information.
NOTE
5.2 Charger/Regulator
5.2.1 General Description, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100)
The 12 Volt charger/regulator (part #CH100) is a charging regulator for 12 V
rechargeable batteries. The CH100 is connected to an external charging source
such as an unregulated solar panel (part # SP20-LQ or SP10-LQ) or a wall
charger (part #9591-QD). The CH100 charger/regulator has two functions: 1)
blocks any current flow from the battery to the solar panel, and 2) limits the
source current to the battery.
FIGURE 5.2-1. 12 Volt Charger/Regulator
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
5.2.2 Wiring, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100)
The leads from the RAWS connector panel “BATT CHARGER/SOLAR
PANEL” connector COLOR CODED PURPLE are wired to the CH100
“CHG” terminals. Polarity does not matter; either lead can be connected to
either terminal. The charge indicating diode should be “ON” when voltage to
the charging circuitry (CHG Terminals) is present.
An internal and/or external battery can be connected to the CH100
Charger/Regulator by means of the INT (Internal) or EXT (External)
connectors. The battery red lead connects to the positive battery terminal and
the black lead connects to the negative terminal.
An “external battery cable” (part #6186) ships with the RAWS
Quick Deployment Weather Station.
NOTE
Connect 12 V power to the datalogger and/or peripherals using the “+12
and Ground” terminals. The ON-OFF switch applies power to these 12 V
terminals.
Reversal of battery polarity will damage the CH100 or
battery.
WARNING
A battery must be attached for the CH100 to function
correctly as a power supply.
CAUTION
It is possible to leave two batteries connected. The battery
connections are diode isolated; however, if one of the
batteries fails, it could draw all the charging current and the
other battery will be discharged.
CAUTION
5.2.3 Troubleshooting, 12 V Charger/Regulator (part #CH100)
If a problem with the charger/regulator (part #CH100) is suspected, the CH100
may be checked by measuring: 1) input voltage (CHG terminals) from the solar
panel (15 VDC to 28 VDC) or input voltage from the AC adapter (part #9591-
QD) about 18 VAC RMS, 2) charging output voltage (BATT INT or EXT
terminal) with battery disconnected about 13.5 VDC to 14 VDC, and 3) power
out (+12 terminals) about 11 VDC to 14 VDC. No voltage output implies a
bad solar panel, regulator, or battery. Power out (+12 terminals) is controlled
by the CH100 ON-OFF switch position. If problems persist, try a substitute.
Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number before returning this
equipment to Campbell Scientific for repair.
Power out (+12 terminals) is controlled by the CH100 ON-OFF
switch position.
NOTE
Consult the CH100 manual for more information.
NOTE
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RAWS-P Remote Automated Weather Station
5.3 Battery
5.3.1 General Description, Battery
The RAWS battery is a rechargeable 12 Volt battery. The battery requires a
regulated charging source provided by the RAWS Charger/Regulator (part
#CH100) connected to an unregulated solar panel or a wall charger.
RAWS rechargeable batteries are designed to be float
charged. Permanent damage occurs and battery life is
shortened if the battery is allowed to discharge below
10.5 volts.
WARNING
5.3.2 Wiring, Battery
The RAWS rechargeable battery should be connected to the CH100
charger/regulator INT (Internal) connector. The battery red lead connects to
the positive battery terminal and the black lead connects to the negative
terminal. If desired, an external battery can be connected to the CH100
charger/regulator EXT (External) connector. It is possible to leave two
batteries connected. The battery connections are diode isolated; however, if
one of the batteries fails, it could draw all the charging current and the other
battery will be discharged. An “external battery cable” (part #6186) ships with
the RAWS.
Reversal of battery polarity will damage the CH100 or
battery.
WARNING
It is possible to leave two batteries connected. The battery
connections are diode isolated; however, if one of the
batteries fails, it could draw all the charging current and the
other battery will be discharged.
CAUTION
5.3.3 Troubleshooting, Battery
Measure the +12 V and Ground terminal on the CR1000 printed circuit board
wiring panel. Acceptable readings are +11 VDC to +14 VDC. Use PC200W
software to collect the 1-HR data table from the CR1000 datalogger and review
the historical record of battery voltage.
5.4 GOES Transmitter
5.4.1 General Description, GOES Transmitter (part #TX312)
The High Data Rate GOES transmitter (part #TX312) shown in Figure 5.4-1
supports one-way communication, via satellite, from a Campbell Scientific
datalogger to a ground receiving station. Satellite telemetry offers a convenient
communication alternative for field stations where phone systems or RF
systems are impractical or rendered unreliable after a tragedy to the local
infrastructure. Data transmission rates of 100, 300, and 1200 bps are
supported. Because clock accuracy is critically important for GOES satellite
telemetry, the TX312 includes a robust, TCXO-based real-time clock and a
GPS receiver.
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