Cannon CT-1000 User manual

i
CANNON®CT-1000 Constant Temperature Bath
Revision 3.1a—February, 1998; CANNON®Instrument Company
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
CONTENTS
1INTRODUCTION 1
Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1
Safety features .................................................................................................................... 3
Operator Safety ................................................................................................................. 3
2UNPACKING AND ASSEMBLY 5
Unpacking the CT-1000 ..................................................................................................... 5
Assembly procedure ........................................................................................................... 5
Glass jar installation ........................................................................................................... 6
Motor-stirrer ........................................................................................................... 8
Inserting viscometer tubes/thermometers ........................................................................... 9
Filling the bath.................................................................................................................. 10
Draining the Bath.............................................................................................................. 11
3BATH OPERATION 13
Turning on the CT-1000 ................................................................................................... 13
Setting the bath temperature ............................................................................................. 14
Fixed temperature adjustments............................................................................. 14
Variable temperature adjustments......................................................................... 14
Setting the Limit Control.................................................................................................. 15
AAPPENDIX A —CT-1000 PROBLEM ANALYSIS 17
BAPPENDIX B — CORRECTING SHAFT & IMPELLER MISALIGNMENT 19
Shaft run-out correction.................................................................................................... 19
CAPPENDIX C — CHOOSING A TEMPERATURE BATH LIQUID 21
DAPPENDIX D — ADJUSTING TRIMPOTS (POTENTIOMETERS) 23
EAPPENDIX E — CT-1000 SPARE PARTS LIST 25

ii
CANNON®CT-1000 Constant Temperature Bath
Revision 3.1a—February, 1998; CANNON®Instrument Company
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
FAPPENDIX F—THERMOMETRY 27
KINEMATIC VISCOSITYAND TEMPERATURE ....................................................... 27
ASTM THERMOMETER TABLES ................................................................................ 28
ASTM D 445 — CHECKING THE ICE POINT............................................................. 29
NBS MONOGRAPH 150: REPAIRING SEPARATED MERCURY COLUMNS ......... 31
GWARRANTY/RETURN INFORMATION 33
Products limited warranty................................................................................................. 33
Reagent and chemical warranty........................................................................................ 33
Returning a product to CANNON®.................................................................................. 34

1
CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
1
INTRODUCTION
Overview
CT-1000 function
The CANNON®CT-1000 Constant Temperature Bath is designed to
maintain precise temperatures at a wide range of settings for accurate
viscosity measurements. Because of its temperature stability and ease of
use, it is also suitable for any other application where temperatures must
be maintained within close tolerances.
Temperature range
The CANNON®CT-1000 will maintain temperatures of 20°C to 100°C
within 0.01°C and temperatures of 101°C to 150°C within 0.03°C.
Manual/video
This manual is intended to provide information on the installation, charac-
teristics and operation of the CANNON®CT-1000 Constant Tempera-
ture Bath. The manual materials are supplemented and enhanced by an
instructional video shipped with the bath.
Figure 1: The CT-1000

2
CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
Temperature selection
Ten of the most commonly-used temperatures for kinematic viscosity
measurement can be set by using a switch on the bath front panel. The
bath will equilibrate within a fraction of one degree of the desired tem-
perature.A fine-tuning control permits further temperature adjustments.
By switching to the variable setting on the front panel, the operator can
set any temperature within the operating range of the instrument.
Bath description
The bath chamber is a cylindrical clear Pyrex®vessel 300 mm (12
inches) in diameter and 300 mm (12 inches) high. Astainless steel baffle
coated with white Teflon is located in the center of the bath and provides
a convenient backdrop for viewing viscometers placed in the bath. The
top cover contains seven round holes 51 mm (two inches) in diameter for
insertion of viscometer holders. Two additional holes are provided for
thermometers. Twin fluorescent lamps provide glare-free illumination of
the bath.
A solid-state control circuit equipped with a stainless steel-encased
thermistor provides proportional temperature control.Amotor-driven
stirrer ensures that a uniform temperature is maintained throughout the
bath.
The bath housing is fabricated from heavy aluminum and coated with a
corrosion-resistant epoxy. The top cover consists of three layers; a
stainless steel top surface, an insulating layer, and a bottom stainless steel
heat reflector.
Temperature stability
The temperature control of ± 0.01°C below 100°C, and ± 0.03°C from
100 to 150°C, provides the sensitivity required byASTM D 445 for
kinematic viscosity measurements.Abuilt-in cooling coil, when connected
to tap water or a cooling system, permits operation below or slightly
above ambient temperature.
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3
CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
Safety features
Overheat thermistor
A thermistor in the bath senses any over-temperature fault condition. If
such a condition occurs, all power is removed from the bath until an
operator resets the over-temperature limit circuit.
Thermistor detection/cutoff
If the control thermistor is disconnected, all power to the bath heaters is
cut off.
Liquid-level control float
Operation of the bath is not possible unless it is filled with liquid to a safe
operating level.Aliquid-level control float prevents the control circuit
from heating the bath until the safe operating level is attained. The bath
heaters are automatically turned off if the bath liquid drops below the
minimum safe level.
Operator Safety
All technicians who use the CT-1000 should follow these basic safety
procedures:
Do not place the CT-1000 system on an unstable cart or stand. The
CT-1000 should be placed on a stable laboratory table or bench.
If any liquids are spilled into the electronic components of the CT-
1000, contact CANNON®Instrument Company immediately.
Do not position power cords so that they are likely to be walked on or
pinched by items placed on or against them. Keep all connections as
neat as possible.
If the CT-1000 will not be used for an extended period of time, unplug
the power cord from the wall outlet. To disconnect the power cord,
pull it out by the plug. Never pull the cord itself.
CAUTION Donotattempt to service theCT-1000 system by removingpanelsand
tryingto effect repairs.ContactCANNON®Instrument Companyregarding
serviceand repairneeds.
CAUTION Thebathfluid used withtheCT-1000 may bedangerous. Use theproper
safetyprecautionswhen handling the bathfluidin use (refer to theMaterial
Safety Data Sheet included with the bath fluid for more detail.)

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
2
UNPACKINGANDASSEMBLY
This chapter of the manual provides assistance in unpacking and assem-
bling the CT-1000 Constant Temperature Bath. For additional assistance,
consult the instructional video.
Unpacking the CT-1000
The CANNON®CT-1000 Constant Temperature Bath is shipped in two
boxes:
Box 1 contains the glass jar, front glass panel pieces, jar gasket top,
trimpot adjust screwdriver,Allen wrench, seven hole covers, rubber
thermometer holder and instruction manual.
Box 2 contains the bath housing, including the electronics drawer.
Box 2 also contains a smaller box with the motor and stirrer, including
the impeller and mounting plate.
The bath unit housing is shipped completely assembled. However, the
glass jar, the glass panels, and the motor and stirrer must be installed in it.
To allow this, some disassembly of the bath unit housing is required.The
tools required are a utility knife, phillips screwdriver, and a 1/8"Allen
wrench. TheAllen wrench is included with the bath.
Assembly procedure
1. Unpack the bath unit housing.
Figure 2: Primary bath components after unpacking

6
CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
2. Move the bath unit
housing to its
permanent
location on the
laboratory bench.
3. Remove all eight
screws from the
stainless steel top
covers (see
Figure 3).
4. Disconnect all
probes, heaters,
and float switch
from the rear
panel.
5. Remove the front top cover and rear top cover (see Figure 4 and 5).
Use caution when removing the rear top cover because the tempera-
ture control probes and heating elements are attached to it.
Glass jar installation
1. Remove the glass jar from its
box.
WARNING The glass jar is heavy. Use caution
when lifting it.
2. Make sure the rubber support
ring is seated properly around
the bottom jar opening in the
bath unit (see Figure 6).
Figure 3: Removing screws from top cover
Figure 4:
Removing front top cover Figure 5:
Removing rear top cover
Figure 6: Checking support ring

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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
3. Place the rubber gasket
around the top rim of the
jar (see Figure 7). The
rubber may have to be
trimmedslightly toallow
the ends of the rubber
gasket to meet with no gap
when placed around the
rim.
4. Remove the large piece of
foam packing from the
inside of the cabinet.Also
remove the small piece of
foam from the float level,
located on the upper left-hand corner of the inside of the cabinet.
5. Lower the glass jar into the cabinet so it seats evenly on the rubber
support ring (see Figure 8).
6. Unwrap the two glass panels. Place the thinner of the two piece of
glass in the slot closest to the jar (see Figure 9).
7. Place the wider (tempered) piece of glass in the front slot furthest
away from the jar. The middle slot is left empty as a vapor barrier.
8. Replace the rear top cover. Align the four holes, then insert and
tighten the screws.
9. Replace the front top cover. Line up the four holes, then insert and
tighten the screws.
10. To ensure that the gasket forms a tight seal with the top covers of the
bath, proceed as follows:
Figure 7: Placing gasket
Figure 8: Installing bath jar Figure 9: Placing inner glass plate

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
11. Pull out the drawer using the handles provided, disconnecting the two
connection cables as you do so.
CAUTION Youwill need topullthe ACline(power) cordthroughthe rear panel
openingas you removethe drawer—youshouldnot trytoremove thecord
until you loosen the screw securing the power cord to its connection on the
back of the drawer).
12. Press down or pull up on the plastic release bars on either side of the
drawer track to release the drawer, then pull the drawer completely
free of the unit and set it aside.
13. When the drawer is removed, locate the four 1/4-20 set screws
visible at the top of the drawer opening underneath the bath.
14. Turn the set screws
clockwise with the
Allen wrench (in-
cluded with the bath)
until the top of the jar
forms a tight seal with
the covers (see
Figure 10). Make
sure you tighten the
set screws uniformly
so the jar remains
level.
15. Run the AC cord through the rear panel opening
16. Replace the drawer in the slide tracks and push the drawer back into
its opening. Insert the two plugs into the rear of the drawer assembly.
Motor-stirrer Complete the assembly of the bath, including the motor-stirrer installation,
per the instructions below:
1. Take the motor/stirrer from its
box. Remove the two screws on
the top heater housing and lift off
the housing (see Figure 11).
2. After checking the impeller blades
to make sure that the flat sections
all lie in the same plane (see
Appendix B), insert the motor
stirrer in the opening provided (see
Figure 12, next page).
NOTE To keep from accidentally bending the motor shaft, do not hold the motor
assembly by the shaft. Use care when inserting the motor shaft and
impellertoprevent damagetodelicate components.
FIgure 10: Adjusting seal with set screws
Figure 11: Removing housing

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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
NOTE Twoscrews located oneither side
of the opening for the motor stirrer
serve as locating pins for the
motorsupport pad. Donotremove
these screws; the holes in the pad
fit loosely over their heads. The
motorline cord shouldpoint toward
the rear of the bath (offset slightly
to the right or left). The motor
stirrer should now lie flat on the top
of the bath.
3. Reattach the top heater housing , making sure that the heater, motor,
and fan cords pass through the left-hand opening (as viewed from the
rear) and that the control probe, over-temperature probe, and level
switch cords exit from the right opening (as viewed from the rear).
The back lip on the rear top cover fits into the slot on the top heater
housing. Line up the holes, insert screws, and tighten.
4. Connect all plugs and probes to the correspondingly labeled sockets
at the rear of the CT-1000 bath unit.
5. Adjust the four feet on the bottom of the bath housing to level the
bath. This should be done before filling the bath with fluid.
Inserting viscometer tubes/thermometers
The top cover of the CT-1000 contains seven apertures, 51 mm (2”)
in diameter, for the insertion of viscometer tube holders. Two additional
holes are provided for insertion of thermometers.
Inserting viscometer tubes
If necessary, remove the viscometer tube hole cover(s) from the top of
the bath and carefully place the viscometer tube(s), with the proper
holder attached, into the bath through the aperture(s) in the top cover.
NOTE After filling the bath with fluid, adjust the height of the viscometer tube(s)
to ensure that the liquid under test and/or any timing marks on the tube
are a minimum of 6 mm (¼") below the top level of the liquid.
Thermometer immersion
Proper thermometer immersion is critical for viscosity measurements.
Even a calibrated thermometer will read incorrectly if is it improperly
immersed in the bath. “Total immersion” kinematic viscosity thermom-
eters should be used with the bulb and only the mercury column beneath
the surface of the liquid, but with the emergent stem above the surface at
ambient temperatures.
NOTE Differentthermometers have differentimmersion requirements. Referto
the information included with the thermometer in use for specific instruc-
tions.
Figure 12: Installing the motor

10
CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
Figure 13: Filling the CT-1000 bath
Filling the bath
After CT-1000 assembly
is complete, you are
ready to fill the bath.
CAUTION Make sure that the bath is
placed in its intended final
positionbefore adding
bathfluid. The CT-1000
shouldnotbe moved with
bath fluid in the bath jar.
NEVERUSE FLAM-
MABLEBATH LIQUIDS.
1. Make sure that the
instrument power is
OFF and select a
bathliquid appropriate
to your operating
temperature range
(see APPENDIX C).
2. Fill the jar with bath liquid at ambient temperature to a level sufficient
to engage the float switch. This float permits bath operation when the
minimum amount of fluid has been added to the bath jar.
3. Continue to add fluid until the bath liquid level has risen to approxi-
mately 40 mm (1.5") of the top of the jar.
4. Turn the instrument power ON and incrementally heat the bath to
desired control temperature while monitoring the bath liquid level
carefully. The bath level must be 15-20 mm (approximately ½" to ¾")
from the top of the jar at the control temperature. If it becomes
apparent that this liquid level will not be achieved, return the bath to
within 10°C of ambient, turn the instrument power OFF and add or
remove liquid as necessary.
5. Repeat step four until you have attained the proper bath liquid level at
the desired control temperature.
CAUTION Different bath fluids expand at different rates. Do not overfill the bath!
WARNING Monitorthelevel ofbathliquid closelywhenoperating the CT-1000at
highertemperatures (100-150°C).Thebath liquidwillexpand asthe
temperatureincreases.The CT-1000 bathjaris not designed tocontain
liquidunderpressure. If thebathis overfilled, liquidmayoverflow.

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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
Draining the Bath
If it becomes necessary to drain the liquid from the bath:
Obtain a suitable container to hold all of the liquid drained from the bath
(approximately 20-22 liters or 4.5 - 5 gallons). Make sure that the bath
liquid is within 10°C of ambient temperature. Then insert a tube into the
bath chamber from the top opening and siphon the liquid from the bath
into a container positioned lower than the bath.
WARNING Always use a rubber bulb or similar device to apply suction to a tube
containing bath liquids.

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
3
BATH OPERATION
NOTE The various functions controlling the bath are printed at the bottom of the
front panel of the CT-1000. These functions, reading from left to right, are:
1) Power,2)Temperature, 3)Temperature Adjust,4) Preheat,and5)
Limit Control. In this manual the five functions are printed in boldface
upper-andlowercase letters (tomatchtheir typeface onthepanel). The
switches and dials controlling each function are also printed in boldface
type, but in capital letters (to match their typeface on the panel).
Turning on the CT-1000
1. Turn the Power BATH switch on (Figure 14, A).
NOTE The bath heaters will not be activated if there is no liquid in the bath.
Figure 14: Bath control panel
2. Set the Limit Control TEMPERATURE ADJUST dial (Figure
14, B) to 999 (turn the dial clockwise to its furthest setting) to enable
the bath to heat properly. Proper technique for resetting the dial after
the bath reaches operating temperature is described in the instruc-
tional video and in the following section of the manual
3. Turn on the Power LIGHT switch (Figure 14, C) to illuminate the
interior of the bath.
4. Move the Temperature Adjust SELECT switch (Figure 14, D) to
the left.
5. After releasing its lock, move the Temperature Adjust FIXED dial
(Figure 14, E) to 500. Relock the dial.
AC D
EB

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
NOTE All the dials except Temperature SELECT are equipped with a dial lock to
prevent accidental changing of dial settings. Push the lock upward to
release the dial. When the dial has been set to the proper position, push
the lock downward to relock the dial.
Setting the bath temperature
There are two ways to set the bath temperature, depending on whether
or not the desired temperature is on the Temperature SELECT dial.
Fixed temperature adjustments
To set the bath to a temperature on the Temperature SELECT switch:
1. Choose a temperature using the Temperature SELECT switch.
NOTE ThePreheat switch activatesanauxiliary heaterfor theCT-1000.You may
turn it ON to heat up the bath more rapidly. You should turn the Preheat
switchOFF whenthe desired temperatureis reached iftheoperational
temperatureisunder 120°C. Forbathtemperatures in excessof120°C,
thePreheat switchmust remain ON to maintaintemperature control. After
thePreheat switchhas been turnedON,thePreheat HEAT light will glow
continuouslyuntilthe bath temperatureisapproximately that selectedwith
the Temperature SELECT switch, when the light will begin to blink.
The light above the TemperatureAdjust control will glow steadily when
the bath is heating. The light will start to blink when the bath temperature
is approximately that selected with the Temperature SELECT switch.
2. To adjust the bath to the exact temperature, read from the kinematic
viscosity thermometer (seeAppendix F), then release the dial lock on
the Temperature Adjust FIXED dial and turn the dial to incremen-
tally adjust the temperature. To decrease the temperature, turn the
dial counterclockwise; to increase the temperature, turn the dial
clockwise. Relock the Temperature Adjust FIXED dial after each
adjustment and allow several minutes for the bath to equilibrate.
NOTE Ifthedesiredtemperature cannot be obtained by turning theTemperature
Adjust FIXED dial, it may be necessary to adjust the small trimpots on
thecircuitboard in theelectronicsdrawer (see Appendix D).
Variable temperature adjustments
To set the bath to a temperature that is not on the Temperature SE-
LECT switch you should use the following procedure:
1. Turn the Temperature SELECT switch to the temperature closest
to that desired.
2. Move the Temperature Adjust SELECT switch to the right.
NOTE

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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
ThePreheat switch activatesanauxiliary heaterfor theCT-1000.You may
turn it ON to heat up the bath more rapidly. You should turn the Preheat
switchOFF whenthe desired temperatureis reached iftheoperational
temperatureisunder 120°C. Forbathtemperatures in excessof120°C,
thePreheat switchmust remain ON to maintaintemperature control. After
thePreheat switch hasbeenturned ON,the Preheat HEAT light willglow
continuouslyuntilthe bath temperatureisapproximately that selectedwith
the Temperature SELECT switch, when the light will begin to blink.
The light above the TemperatureAdjust control will start to blink when
the bath temperature has approximated the setting on the Temperature
SELECT switch.
3. To adjust the bath to the exact temperature, read from the kinematic
viscosity thermometer (seeAppendix F), then release the dial lock on
the Temperature Adjust VARIABLE dial and turn it. To incremen-
tally decrease the temperature, turn the dial counterclockwise; to
increase the temperature, turn the dial clockwise. Relock the Tem-
perature Adjust VARIABLE dial after each adjustment and allow
several minutes for the bath to equilibrate.
NOTE If a desired bath temperature is within two or three degrees of one on the
Temperature SELECT dial, it is sometimes possible to attain the tem-
perature by using the Temperature Adjust FIXED dial. Because this dial
hasafineradjustment than the Temperature Adjust VARIABLE dial, the
final temperature may be reached more quickly. If you wish to try this
alternatemethod, follow theprocedure forfixedtemperature adjustments
givenon thepreviouspage.
NOTE Toattain temperaturesbelowambient temperature(20-25°C),a coolant
must be pumped through the bath’s cooling coil. The coil is accessed
throughtherear ofthebath. Coolant temperatureshould be approximately
3°Cbelow the desiredbath temperature. Temperaturestability below
ambient temperature may be limited by the flow rate of the coolant.
Setting the Limit Control
Set the Limit Control after the bath has reached the desired tempera-
ture. This will prevent the bath from overheating if a malfunction occurs.
To set the Limit Control, slowly turn the Limit Control TEMPERATURE
ADJUSTdial counterclockwise until the OVERTEMP message lights up
on the Limit Control PUSH TO RESETbutton.
Turn the dial clockwise approximately one-quarter turn and relock, then
push the Limit Control PUSH TO RESET button.
NOTE Thetemperaturemay change slightlywhenyou set the LimitControl,but
the bath temperature will quickly stabilize.

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
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CANNON®CT-1000 Constant TemperatureBath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
A
APPENDIXA —CT-1000
PROBLEMANALYSIS
Problem
Bath does not appear to
havepower.
Bathilluminationnot
functioning.
Bathliquidnotagitated.
Bathdoesnotheat.
Bathcontroloutsideof
specific limits.
Bathtopsurface
temperaturetoohigh.
Airbubblesin bath fluid.
Probable Cause
• Power cable not connected to outlet or rear of electrical drawer.
• Over-temperature control set too low.
• Power out on mains.
• Separate switch for LIGHT must be on.
• fluorescent lamps may be defective.
• Lamps may be out of sockets.
• Lamp ballast may be defective.
• Power supply to ballast may not be working properly.
• Check connection of stirring motor on rear panel.
• Check for working motor by connecting to outlet with the proper
voltage (see motor label for correct voltage).
• Check connections for sensors on rear panel.
• Check temperature setting — it must be above existing bath
temperature for heat to go on.
• Bath fluid level may be too low.
• Limit Control Temperature Adjust dial may be set too low (turn
completely clockwise to 999, then press PUSH TO RESET
button).
• Bath fluid viscosity may be too high (if the fluid is too viscous at the
desired temperature the stirring will be inadequate, resulting in
poor control).
• Check for normal function of stirring motor and motor impeller.
• Remove control thermistor probe plug and check resistance with an
ohmmeter (call CANNON®for proper resistance at bath
temperature).
• Check cooling fan on rear panel.
• Check cooling fan in top assembly.
• Level of fluid may be too low.
• Stirring impeller may be on shaft with the wrong orientation.
• Bath fluid may be too viscous for operation at this temperature.

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CANNON®CT-1000Constant Temperature Bath
Revision3.1a—February,1998;CANNON®InstrumentCompany
P.O . Box 16 • State College, PA • USA
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