Casio ALGEBRA FX 2.0 Guide

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Basic Operation
1-1 Keys
1-2 Display
1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations
1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu
1-5 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu
1-7 Using the Set Up Screen
1-8 When you keep having problems…
Chapter
1

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1-1 Keys
1-1-1
Keys
REPLAY
COPY PASTE CAT/CAL
H-COPY
PRGM
List Mat
i

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Page Page Page Page Page Page
1-3-5
Page Page Page Page Page
1-3-5 1-7-1
1-6-1 2-4-4
1-1-3 1-5-1 2-4-4
1-3-5 5-3-4 10-6-1
5-2-1
1-1-3 1-3-4 1-4-1 1-2-1
2-4-4 2-4-4
2-4-4 2-4-4
2-4-3 2-4-3
2-4-3 2-4-3
1-3-3
1-3-1
2-1-1
2-1-1
2-1-1
2-1-1
2-2-5
2-1-12-1-1
2-4-6
2-1-1
2-4-10
2-4-10
3-1-2 2-8-11
2-4-3
2-4-6 2-4-6
2-1-1
2-4-3
2-4-3
2-2-1
2-4-6
COPY PASTE
CAT/CAL
H-COPY
PRGM
List Mat
i
REPLAY
1-1-2
Keys
kk
kk
kKey Table

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1-1-3
Keys
kk
kk
kKey Markings
Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions
marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and
easily.
Function Key Operation
1log l
210x!l
3Bal
The following describes the color coding used for key markings.
Color Key Operation
Orange Press !and then the key to perform the marked function.
Red Press aand then the key to perform the marked function.
#Alpha Lock
Normally, once you press aand then a key
to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard
reverts to its primary functions immediately.
If you press !and then a, the keyboard
locks in alpha input until you press aagain.

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1-2-1
Display
1-2 Display
kSelecting Icons
This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want.
uu
uu
uTo select an icon
1. Press mto display the Main Menu.
2. Use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the highlighting to the icon you want.
3. Press wto display the initial screen of the mode whose icon you selected.
Here we will enter the STAT Mode.
•You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting
the number or letter marked in the lower right corner of the icon.
Currently selected icon

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The following explains the meaning of each icon.
Icon Mode Name Description
RUN •MATrix Use this mode for arithmetic calculations and function
calculations, and for calculations involving binary, octal,
decimal, and hexadecimal values and matrices.
STAT isticsUse this mode to perform single-variable (standard
deviation) and paired-variable (regression) statistical
calculations, to analyze data and to draw statistical
graphs.
GRaPH-TaBLe Use this mode to store functions, to generate a numeric
table of different solutions as the values assigned to
variables in a function change, and to draw graphs.
DYNAmic graph Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw
multiple versions of a graph by changing the values
assigned to the variables in a function.
RECURsion Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to generate a
numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned
to variables in a function change, and to draw graphs.
CONICS Use this mode to draw graphs of implicit functions.
EQUAtion Use this mode to solve linear equations with 2 to 30
unknowns, and high degree (2 to 30) equations.
PRoGraM Use this mode to store programs in th program area and
to run programs.
Computer Algebra Use this mode to perform algebraic calculations.
System to make other system settings.
ALGEBRA Use this mode for step-by-step solution of expressions.
to make other system settings.
TUTORial Use this mode to determine the expression type and
solve mode, and for interactive equation solutions.
LINK Use this mode to transfer memory contents or back-up
data to another unit.
MEMORY Use this mode to manage data stored in memory.
SYSTEM Use this mode to initialize memory, adjust contrast, and
to make other system settings.
1-2-2
Display

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kk
kk
kAbout the Function Menu
Use the function keys (1to 6) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar
along the bottom of the display screen. You can tell whether a menu bar item is a menu or a
command by its appearance.
• Command (Example: )
Pressing a function key that corresponds to a menu bar command executes the command.
• Pull-up Menu (Example: )
Pressing a function key that corresponds to a pull-up menu opens the menu.
You can use either of the following two methods to select a command from a pull-up menu.
•Input the key to the left of the command on the pull-up menu.
•Use the fand ccursor keys to move the highlighting to the command you want, and
then press w.
The symbol 'to the right of a command indicates that executing the command displays a
submenu.
To cancel the pull-up menu without inputting the command, press i.
kk
kk
kAbout Display Screens
This calculator uses two types of display screens: a text screen and a graphic screen. The
text screen can show 21 columns and 8 lines of characters, with the bottom line used for the
function key menu. The graph screen uses an area that measures 127 (W) ×63 (H) dots.
Te xt Screen Graph Screen
The contents of each type of screen are stored in independent memory areas.
Press u5(G↔T) to switch between the graphic screen and text screen.
1-2-3
Display
#The symbol ↑in the upper left corner of a pull-
up menu indicates that there are more
commands running off the top of the menu.
Use the cursor keys to scroll the menu contents to
view the commands running off the top.

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kk
kk
kNormal Display
The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this limit are
automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format.
uHow to interpret exponential format
1.2E+12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 ×1012. This means that you should move
the decimal point in 1.2 twelve places to the right, because the exponent is positive. This
results in the value 1,200,000,000,000.
1.2E–03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 ×10–3. This means that you should move
the decimal point in 1.2 three places to the left, because the exponent is negative. This
results in the value 0.0012.
You can specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to normal display.
Norm 1 .................. 10–2 (0.01) > |x|, |x| >1010
Norm 2 .................. 10–9 (0.000000001) > |x|, |x| >1010
All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1.
See page 2-3-2 for details on switching between Norm 1 and Norm 2.
1-2-4
Display

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kk
kk
kSpecial Display Formats
This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal values, and
degrees/minutes/seconds values.
uFractions
................. Indicates: 456
uHexadecimal Values
................. Indicates: ABCDEF12(16), which
equals –1412567278(10)
uDegrees/Minutes/Seconds
................. Indicates: 12°34’ 56.78”
•In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols, which are
described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.
kk
kk
kCalculation Execution Indicator
Whenever the calculator is busy drawing a graph or executing a long, complex calculation or
program, a black box “k” flashes in the upper right corner of the display. This black box tells
you that the calculator is performing an internal operation.
1-2-5
Display
12
––––
23

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1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations
kk
kk
kInputting Calculations
When you are ready to input a calculation, first press Ato clear the display. Next, input your
calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right, and press wto obtain the
result.
○○○○○
Example 1 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =
Ac+d-e+baw
○○○○○
Example 2 2(5 + 4) ÷(23 ×5) =
Ac(f+e)/
(cd*f)w
kEditing Calculations
Use the dand ekeys to move the cursor to the position you want to change, and then
perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the calculation, you can
execute it by pressing w. Or you can use eto move to the end of the calculation and input
more.
uTo change a step
○○○○○
Example To change cos60 to sin60
Acga
ddd
D
s
1-3-1
Inputting and Editing Calculations

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uTo delete a step
○○○○○
Example To change 369 × × 2 to 369 ×2
Adgj**c
ddD
uTo insert a step
○○○○○
Example To change 2.362to sin2.362
Ac.dgx
ddddd
s
uTo change the last step you input
○○○○○
Example To change 396 ×3 to 396 ×2
Adgj*d
D
c
1-3-2
Inputting and Editing Calculations

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kk
kk
kUsing Replay Memory
The last calculation performed is always stored into replay memory.You can recall the
contents of the replay memory by pressing dor e.
If you press e, the calculation appears with the cursor at the beginning. Pressing d
causes the calculation to appear with the cursor at the end. You can make changes in the
calculation as you wish and then execute it again.
○○○○○
Example 1 To perform the following two calculations
4.12 ×6.4 = 26.368
4.12 ×7.1 = 29.252
Ae.bc*g.ew
dddd
!D(INS)
h.b
w
After you press A, you can press for cto recall previous calculations, in sequence
from the newest to the oldest (Multi-Replay Function). Once you recall a calculation, you can
use eand dto move the cursor around the calculation and make changes in it to create
a new calculation.
○○○○○
Example 2
Abcd+efgw
cde-fghw
A
f(One calculation back)
f(Two calculations back)
1-3-3
Inputting and Editing Calculations
#Pressing !D(INS) changes the cursor to
‘‘_’’. The next function or value you input is
overwritten at the location of ‘‘_’’. To abort this
operation, press !D(INS) again.
#Acalculation remains stored in replay memory
until you perform another calculation or
change modes.
#The contents of replay memory are not cleared
when you press the Akey, so you can recall a
calculation and execute it even after performing
the all clear operation.

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1-3-4
Inputting and Editing Calculations
kMaking Corrections in the Original Calculation
○○○○○
Example 14 ÷0 ×2.3 entered by mistake for 14 ÷10 ×2.3
Abe/a*c.d
w
Press i.
Make necessary changes.
db
Execute again.
w
kk
kk
kCopy and Paste
You can temporarily copy commands, programs, and other text data you input to a memory
area called “the clipboard,” and then paste it to another location on the display.
uTo specify the copy range
1. Move the cursor (t) the beginning or end of the range of text you want to copy and
then press u. This changes the cursor to “ ”.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and highlight the range of text you want to
copy.
Cursor is positioned automatically at the
location of the cause of the error.

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3. Press u1(COPY) to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard, and exit the copy
range specification mode.
To cancel text highlighting without performing a copy operation, press i.
uPasting Text
Move the cursor to the location where you want to paste the text, and then press u
2(PASTE). The contents of the clipboard are pasted at the cursor position.
A
u2(PASTE)
kk
kk
kCatalog Function
The Catalog is an alphabetic list of all the commands available on this calculator.You can
input a command by calling up the Catalog and then selecting the command you want.
uTo use the Catalog to input a command
1. Press u4(CAT/CAL) to display the Catalog at
the bottom of the screen.
2. Press the function key that matches the first letter of the command you want to input.
3. Select the command from the pull-up menu.
○○○○○
Example 1 To use the Catalog to input the ClrGraph command
Au4(CAT/CAL)3(C~)h(CLR)
b(Graph)
1-3-5
Inputting and Editing Calculations

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○○○○○
Example 2 To use the Catalog to input the Prog command
Au4(CAT/CAL)6(g)6(g)
5(P)I(Prog)
Pressing ior !i(QUIT) closes the Catalog.
1-3-6
Inputting and Editing Calculations

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1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu
The option menu gives you access to scientific functions and features that are not marked on
the calculator’s keyboard. The contents of the option menu differ according to the mode you
are in when you press the Kkey.
See “8-7 Program Mode Command List” for details on the option (OPTN) menu.
uOption Menu in the RUN •MAT or PRGM Mode
•{LIST} ... {list function menu}
•{MAT} ... {matrix operation menu}
•{CPLX} ... {complex number calculation menu}
•{CALC} ... {functional analysis menu}
•{NUM} ... {numeric calculation menu}
•{PROB} ... {probability/distribution calculation menu}
•{HYP} ... {hyperbolic calculation menu}
•{ANGL} ... {menu for angle/coordinate conversion, DMS input/conversion}
•{STAT} ... {paired-variable statistical estimated value menu}
•{FMEM} ... {function memory menu}
•{ZOOM} ... {zoom function menu}
•{SKTCH} ... {sketch function menu}
•{PICT} ... {picture memory menu}
•{SYBL} ... {symbol menu}
•{°’ ”} … {DMS}
•{ °’ ”} … {DMS conversion}
•{ENG}/{ENG} … {ENG conversion}
1-4-1
Option (OPTN) Menu
#The option (OPTN) menu does not appear
during binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
calculations.

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The following shows the function menus that appear under other conditions.
uOption Menu when a number table value is displayed in the GRPH •TBL or
RECUR Mode
•{LMEM} … {list memory menu}
•{ °’ ”}/{ENG}/{ENG}
uOption Menu in the CAS or ALGEBRA or TUTOR Mode
•{∞} … {infinity}
•{Abs} … {absolute value}
•{x!} … {factorial}
•{sign} … {signum function}
•{HYP}/{FMEM}
The meanings of the option menu items are described in the sections that cover each mode.
1-4-2
Option (OPTN) Menu

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1-5 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
To recall variable data, press Jto display the variable data menu.
{V- WI N }/{FACT}/{STAT}/{GRPH}/{DYN A}/
{TABL}/{RECR}/{EQUA*1}
See “8-7 Program Mode Command List” for details on the variable data (VARS) menu.
uV-WIN — Recalling View Window values
•{Xmin}/{Xmax}/{Xscale}/{Xdot}
…X-axis {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}/{dot value*2}
•{Ymin}/{Ymax}/{Yscale}
…Y-axis {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}
•{T θ min}/{T θ max}/{T θ ptch}
…T, θ{minimum value}/{maximum value}/{pitch}
•{R-Xmin}/{R-Xmax}/{R-Xscl}/{R-Xdot}
…Dual Graph right graph X-axis {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}/
{dot value*2}
•{R-Ymin}/{R-Ymax}/{R-Yscl}
…Dual Graph right graph Y-axis {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}
•{R-Tmin}/{R-Tmax}/{R-Tpch}
…Dual Graph right graph T, θ {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{pitch}
uFACT — Recalling zoom factors
•{Xfact}/{Yfact}
... {x-axis factor}/{y-axis factor}
1-5-1
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
*1The EQUA item appears only when you
access the variable data menu from the
RUN
•
MAT or PRGM Mode.
#The variable data menu does not appear if
you press Jwhile binary, octal, decimal, or
hexadecimal is set as the default number
system.
*2The dot value indicates the display range (Xmax
value – Xmin value) divided by the screen dot
pitch (126).
The dot value is normally calculated automati-
cally from the minimum and maximum values.
Changing the dot value causes the maximum to
be calculated automatically.

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uSTAT — Recalling statistical data
• {n}…{number of data}
• {X}… {single-variable, paired-variable x-data}
•{
oo
oo
o}/{Σx}/{Σx2}/{x σ n}/{x σ n–1}/{minX}/{maxX}
…{mean}/{sum}/{sum of squares}/{population standard deviation}/{sample
standard deviation}/{minimum value}/{maximum value}
• {Y}... {paired-variable y-data}
•{
pp
pp
p }/{Σ y}/{Σ y2}/{Σ xy}/{ y σ n}/{ y σ n–1}/{minY}/{maxY}
…{mean}/{sum}/{sum of squares}/{sum of products of x-data and y-data}/
{population standard deviation}/{sample standard deviation}/{minimum value}/
{maximum value}
•{GRAPH}... {graph data menu}
•{a}/{b}/{c}/{d}/{e}
... {regression coefficient and multinomial coefficients}
•{r}/{r2}
... {correlation coefficient}
•{Q1}/{Q3}
... {first quartile}/{third quartile}
•{Med}/{Mod}
... {median}/{mode} of input data
•{H-Strt}/{H-ptch}
... histogram {start division}/{pitch}
•{PTS}... {summary point data menu}
•{x1}/{y1}/{x2}/{y2}/{x3}/{y3} ... {coordinates of summary points}
1-5-2
Variable Data (VARS) Menu

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uGRPH — Recalling Graph Functions
•{Yn}/{rn}
... {rectangular coordinate or inequality function}/{polar coordinate function}
•{Xtn}/{Ytn}
... parametric graph function {Xt}/{Yt}
•{Xn} ... {X=constant graph function}
(Press these keys before inputting a value to specify a storage area.)
uDYNA — Recalling Dynamic Graph Set Up Data
•{Start}/{End}/{Pitch}
... {coefficient range start value}/{coefficient range end value}/{coefficient value
increment}
uTABL — Recalling Table & Graph Set Up and Content Data
•{Start}/{End}/{Pitch}
... {table range start value}/{table range end value}/{table value increment}
•{Result*1}
... {matrix of table contents}
1-5-3
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
*1 The Result item appears only when the TABL
menu is displayed in the RUN
•
MAT or PRGM
Mode.