Cassia X2000 User manual

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Copyright © 2021 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20210624-YJ
Cassia Networks, Inc.
97 East Brokaw Road, Suite 130
San Jose, CA 95112
[email protected]
Cassia Gateway Installation Guide
Release date: June 24, 2021
Contents
1. Version Notice..................................................................................................................2
2. Network Requirement......................................................................................................2
3. Find Gateway’s MAC Address.........................................................................................3
4. Setup using WiFi Hotspot................................................................................................3
5. Setup using Ethernet Connection...................................................................................5
6. Configure AC Server Address.........................................................................................6
7. Setup Gateway Name.......................................................................................................6
8. Configure Uplink Network ...............................................................................................7
9. CAPWAP and MQTT Setting............................................................................................7
10. Enable Local RESTful API and OAuth2 Token ...............................................................8
11. Add Gateway to AC........................................................................................................11
11.1. Login AC..............................................................................................................................11
11.2. Discover the Gateways.......................................................................................................11
11.3. Add the Gateways...............................................................................................................12
12. Upgrade the Gateway ....................................................................................................12
13. Gateway Configurations and Sign out..........................................................................14
14. Trouble Shooting Tips ...................................................................................................15
14.1. Gateway does not generate a WIFI hotspot.......................................................................15
14.2. Forget local web password or make a mistake while configuring the WIFI .......................15
14.3. Wi-Fi or USB cellular uplink is not stable............................................................................15
14.4. Gateway can’t connect to AC..............................................................................................16
14.5. Check if a Bluetooth device can be scan or connect..........................................................17
14.6. Check Bluetooth scan and connect performance in planning and deploy phase ..............18
14.7. Check the multiple connection performance and the throughput....................................... 19
15. Contact Cassia Support ................................................................................................20

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Copyright © 2021 Cassia Networks, Inc.
Version: EN-20210624-YJ
1. Version Notice
This document describes the steps of installing a Cassia gateway with firmware v1.3 or
above. If the user is using firmware 1.2, please follow
https://www.cassianetworks.com/download/docs/Cassia_Quick_Start_Guide-v1.2.pdf
In this guideline, the Cassia gateway is running in AC Managed mode. If the gateway is
running in standalone mode (no AC), please skip chapters 6/9/11.
2. Network Requirement
From v2.1.1, for the gateways that uses MQTT to communicate with AC (default setting),
the following ports are used and required for firewall configuration. TCP ports 80, 443 and
9999 are not required anymore.
Please make sure the following ports are opened outbound on the gateway side firewall.
Type
Port
M/O
Description
TCP
8883
Mandatory
Gateway-AC communication
UDP
53
Mandatory*
DNS lookup for AC address. *Optional if internal DNS
is specified in gateway network configuration
TCP
1883
Optional
For MQTT bypass function only
For the gateways that use CAPWAP to communicate with AC or the gateways using
firmware below v2.1.1, the following ports may be used and required for firewall
configuration.

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Please make sure the following ports are opened outbound on the gateway side firewall.
The user can check if a TCP port is opened by using Netcat in gateway’s local console.
Type
Port
M/O
Description
UDP
5246, 5247*
Mandatory
Gateway-AC communication based on CAPWAP. *Port
5246 and 5246 can be disabled after migrating gateway-
AC communication to MQTT
TCP
8883
Gateway-AC communication based on MQTT
(recommended from firmware v2.0.2)
HTTP
80*
Mandatory
Container and APP download from AC based on HTTP.
*HTTP port 80 can be disabled if HTTPS is enabled
HTTPS
443
Container and APP download from AC based on HTTPS
UDP
53
Mandatory*
DNS lookup for AC address. *Optional if internal DNS
is specified in gateway network configuration
TCP
9999
Mandatory
Remote SSH to container (laptop->8001->AC<-9999<-
container)
TCP
1883
Optional
For MQTT bypass function only
3. Find Gateway’s MAC Address
Please find Cassia gateway’s MAC address on the bottom of the gateway.
Cassia gateway’s MAC address
NOTE: If you are filtering MAC addresses in your security policy, please make sure to input
the active MAC addresses. For example, if you are using WIFI for uplink connection, the
active MAC will be label MAC + 1. Please see the below table for the details.
Model
Label MAC
Ethernet MAC
WIFI MAC
X2000/X1000/E1000/S2000
MAC
MAC
MAC+1
S1000/S1100
MAC
MAC
MAC-1
4. Setup using WiFi Hotspot
From firmware 1.2, the Cassia Bluetooth gateway provides a WIFI hotspot (2.4GHz only) for
initial setup. Its SSID is cassia-xxxxxx (the xxxxxx corresponds to the last 6 digits of the

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gateway’s MAC address). The default password of the WIFI hotspot is the same as the SSID.
For example, if the gateway’s MAC address is “CC:1B:E0:E0:96:DC”, the WIFI hotspot SSID
and its default password will be “cassia-E096DC”.
Gateway’s WIFI hotspot (2.4GHz only)
Then, power up your Cassia gateway, search its WIFI hotspot from your laptop, and connect
your laptop to the WIFI hotspot.
If you can’t find the WIFI hotspot, and you are sure that your firmware is 1.2 or above,
please press and hold the reset button at the bottom of Cassia gateway for 10 to 15
seconds while the gateway is powered on.
Cassia Gateway Reset Button
Please open Google Chrome on your laptop and enter the gateway’s default IP address
192.168.40.1. The default web username and password is admin/admin.
The first time you log in, the system will ask you to change the default password. The
password should include numbers, characters, and special characters. The password length
should be between 8-20. Please note down your new password for future use.

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If you forget the username and password, please reset the Cassia Bluetooth gateway. Once
reset, the username and password will be restored to admin/admin. What is more, the
gateway configurations in the below table will be set to the default profile settings. The
country code, container, and customer APP will not be impacted. You need to configure the
Cassia gateway again.
Parameter
Manufacturing Default Value
Gateway Console Username
admin
Gateway Console Password
(set new password)
AC Server Address
Empty
Local RESTful API
OFF
Remote Assistance
OFF
Connection Priority
Wired
WIFI / Operating Mode
Hotspot
WIFI / SSID
cassia-xxxxxx
WIFI / Password
cassia-xxxxxx
Enable Local SSH Login
OFF
AC-Gateway Protocol Priority
MQTT (this configuration is available from firmware 2.0.2)
Now, please log in to the gateway’s web page with the new password.
Cassia gateway’s web login page
5. Setup using Ethernet Connection
If you don’t have a laptop that supports WiFi, please connect the Cassia Bluetooth gateway
to a managed Ethernet switch and access the DHCP table or scan using a port scanning tool
to locate the IP address assigned to the gateway’s MAC ID.
After that, please open Google Chrome on a computer that is connected to the same
network and enter the IP address discovered above.

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6. Configure AC Server Address
Configure AC address in Cassia gateway’s web
The user can skip this step in the below scenarios.
•If the gateway and the AC are in the same network and DHCP is configured in the
network, AC can discover the gateways automatically.
•If the user needs to configure more Cassia gateways at the same time, it is better to
use DHCP server option 43 to help the gateways to find the AC. IP gateway will serve
as a DHCP relay.
•If the gateway is configured as standalone mode, there will be no AC.
7. Setup Gateway Name
From firmware v2.1.1, the user can setup gateway name from the gateway’s local webpage.
The user can still setup gateway’s name from AC as before.
This is very useful for the user who doesn’t share AC account to the engineers that install
the Bluetooth gateway. When a new Bluetooth gateway is installed, the user will identiy this
gateway on AC by the gateway name easily, for example “Gateway 1 in factory A”.

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8. Configure Uplink Network
The Cassia Bluetooth Gateway supports Ethernet (Wired), WIFI, and USB cellular modems
as networking uplinks.
Please check Cassia User Manual for more information. In this guideline, we use Ethernet as
an example.
Below is the configuration with wired and DHCP.
Setup network configuration for your gateway
9. CAPWAP and MQTT Setting
Before firmware 2.0.2, Cassia Bluetooth gateway communicates with AC using CAPWAP
protocol. CAPWAP is based on UDP port 5246 and 5247 and uses DTLS 1.2 to ensure
security.
From firmware 2.0.2, the user can also select MQTT for the communication between
gateways and AC. MQTT uses TCP port 8883 and TLS 1.2. MQTT improves the robustness of
gateway and AC communication.
The user can set the preferred gateway-AC protocol by setting parameter “AC-Gateway
Protocol Priority” on AC or gateway’s console. First, the gateway will use the preferred
protocol to connect AC. If it failed, e.g. port is blocked by the firewall, the gateway will try
the other protocol automatically.
NOTE: From firmware 2.0.3, the default “AC-Gateway Protocol Priority” on the gateway is
MQTT. If the gateway was upgraded from lower versions, the default value will be CAPWAP.

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After the gateway is online, the user can find the actually used protocol by checking “AC-
Gateway Protocol” on AC or gateway’s console.
For more information about MQTT and CAPWAP, please check Cassia User Manual.
10. Enable Local RESTful API and OAuth2 Token
This step is only valid for the users who want to use RESTful APIs on the local gateways (not
through AC or in a container). From firmware 2.0.3, the user can enable the OAuth2 token
for Cassia local RESTful API to improve the security. The default value is off.

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From firmware 1.3, if the gateway is configured as standalone mode, local RESTful API will
be automatically turned on. If the gateway is configured as AC managed mode, the local
RESTful API will be automatically turned off.
(v1.3) Configuration of Gateway Mode on Gateway Console
From firmware 1.3, the user can still enable the local RESTful API from the AC console like
below, even if the gateway is configured as AC managed mode.

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(v1.3) Turn on Local RESTful API in AC Console
Before firmware 1.3, the user needs to turn on Local RESTful API in the AC console or
gateway console manually. By default, it is OFF. Please see the below figures.
(v1.2) Turn on Local RESTful API in AC Console

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(v1.2) Turn on Local RESTful API in Gateway Console
11. Add Gateway to AC
11.1. Login AC
Please switch your laptop to the WIFI SSID which will provide you with Internet access.
Please open Google Chrome and enter the IP address or domain name of the AC, and log in.
Cassia AC login page
11.2. Discover the Gateways
Navigate to the Gateways page.

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Discover Bluetooth gateways
After clicking the Discover button, Cassia AC will identify the gateways that are either in the
same local network as the AC or have been configured to talk to this AC (set AC Server
Address) but haven’t been added to the AC yet.
11.3. Add the Gateways
Please find the gateways you want to add, then click the “Add selected gateways” button.
You can select multiple gateways and add all of them in one batch.
Add the gateways into the AC
12. Upgrade the Gateway
If your gateway is not running the latest firmware, you can upgrade the firmware.
If you don’t have the latest firmware on the AC yet, please get it from Cassia, and then
upload it to the AC maintenance page. The latest firmware download is available here:
https://www.cassianetworks.com/knowledge-base/router-gateway-firmware/. Please
note, this download site is password protected for Cassia’s authorized partners

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Upload firmware to the AC
Please navigate to the Gateways page, select the gateway(s) that you want to upgrade, and
click the Upgrade button.
Upgrade a gateway
Please choose a firmware you want to upgrade to, and then click OK. If the E1000, X1000,
and X2000 firmware upgrade fails during firmware download, it will resume from the last
broken download.
Select firmware and upgrade the gateway
From firmware 1.3, the user can update the gateway’s firmware locally from the gateway

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console by clicking the Select File and Upgrade button. If the firmware image is encrypted
with *.GPG, please switch on “Verify GPG File Encryption?”. Please turn it off if the
firmware image is *.gz file format.
From firmware 1.4.2, the user can update the gateway’s firmware from an Android
smartphone locally. Please download the gateway firmware onto your smartphone in
advance and log into the gateway’s local console from WiFi hotspot (2.4GHz only) or the
gateway’s private IP.
Update gateway’s firmware locally from gateway web
13. Gateway Configurations and Sign out
Please follow Cassia User Manual to finish other gateway configurations, if necessary. After
the configuration, please click the Sign Out button on the Other page to sign out.
Cassia gateway configuration page –other continued
To simplifies and speed up the gateway deployment and the pre-configuration before
shipping gateways to the end users, you can also try “Gateways Auto Configuration” and
“Gateway Batch Configuration” features on AC. Please check Cassia user manual for the
detailed guideline.

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14. Trouble Shooting Tips
14.1. Gateway does not generate a WIFI hotspot
•Cassia gateway’s WiFi hotspot is 2.4GHz only
•If the gateway is configured to use a WIFI network for uplink, the gateway will not
generate a WIFI hotspot.
•Check the power supply and make sure the power and Wi-Fi LED are ON.
•Try to reset the Cassia Bluetooth gateway.
NOTE: once reset, all gateway configurations will be reset to the default profile
settings, except for country code, container, and customer APP. What is more, the
gateway debugs log and route event log will be cleaned. If you would like Cassia to
troubleshooting this issue, please don’t reset the gateway!
14.2. Forget local web password or make a mistake while configuring the WIFI
•From firmware 2.0.3, the user can enable “Verify before saving” before switching to
Client mode. If the gateway can’t connect to Wi-Fi AP within 30 seconds, it will switch
back to Hotspot mode automatically. This function will avoid an un-necessary gateway
reset if the user sets the wrong Wi-Fi configuration.
•Please reset the Cassia Bluetooth gateway.
NOTE: once reset, all gateway configurations will be reset to the default profile
settings, except for country code, container, and customer APP.
14.3. Wi-Fi or USB cellular uplink is not stable
•If you are using gateway firmware v2.0 or higher versions, please check the Wi-Fi
and cellular network signal strength on AC->Gateway->Details->Uplink or gateway
console Status tab. If the signal strength is POOR, please try other WiFi SSID, try 5G
WiFi (only supported by E1000 and X2000), try SIM card from other cellular
operators, or try other uplink solutions. NOTE: Only some cellular modems support
signal strength measurement. Please check the Cassia user manual for the list.
•If you are using gateway firmware lower than v2.0, please check the Wi-Fi and
cellular signal strength on your mobile phone.
•The country code should be set correctly when using 5G Wi-Fi. Otherwise, 5G Wi-Fi
may not work correctly.
•Cassia gateways support USB cellular modem auto power reset function. After
setting “Recover Action” in gateway webpage Basic tab or “Cellular modem auto
power reset” in AC webpage Config tab to ON, Cassia gateway will power reset the
USB cellular modem (X2000) or reset the USB interface (other gateways) if it can’t
reconnect to the cellular network in 10 minutes.

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14.4. Gateway can’t connect to AC
•Double-check the Bluetooth gateway configuration and Internet connection.
•Check Ethernet and Wi-Fi LED on Cassia Bluetooth gateway. Check the LED on the
USB cellular modem. Check the 4G LED on X2000.
•In case a USB cellular modem is used, check the model is supported (check Cassia
User Manual) and that the modem has established a connection to a mobile
network.
•Check that the network does not use VPN.
•Check the network firewall settings.
•Check the connection to AC with Debug Tools in the Other tab. Please check Cassia
User Manual for more information.
•Check CAPWAP and MQTT configuration. Please check Cassia User Manual for more
information.
•Reboot the Bluetooth gateway (power off/on)

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14.5. Check if a Bluetooth device can be scan or connect
•Check the Bluetooth device is power on and working well.
•Check the BLE LED is ON.
•Check BLE chip status on gateway webpage status tab or AC webpage gateway detail
tab
•The gateway location or orientation needs to be changed if the Bluetooth devices
are not reachable or if the RSSI is lower than -70, e.g. -80. If you are using AC
software v1.4 or higher versions, you can try to scan and connect the Bluetooth
device with AC Bluetooth Debug Tool (please check Cassia User Manual). Please use
http://www.bluetooth.tech/debugger/, if you are using lower AC versions.
oRSSI value between 0 and -70 is OK
oRSSI value between -70 and -80 is weak. The Bluetooth device might be scan
and connect from time to time
oRSSI value -80 or less is poor. Most probably the Bluetooth device cannot be
reached.
X2000 LED (Green)
LED
Function
Status
Description
PWR
Power status
Off
Power off
Solid on
Power on
SYS
System status
Off
The system didn't start or cannot operate normally
Solid on
The system is starting, going to reset, or cannot
operate normally
Slow blinking
The system is operating normally
ETH
Ethernet status
Off
No Ethernet link
On
Ethernet link present
Blinking
Sending or receiving data
WIFI
Wi-Fi status
Off
Wi-Fi didn't start or is in disable mode
On
Wi-Fi is operating normally in hotspot or client mode
Blinking
Sending or receiving data
BT1/2
Bluetooth status
Off
Bluetooth chip didn't start
Solid on
Bluetooth chip is operating normally
Fast blinking
Bluetooth connection has been setup
Slow blinking
Bluetooth scan has been enabled
4G
Cellular modem
status
Off
USB cellular modem is not connected to X2000 or
cellular modem works abnormally
Solid on
1: PPPoE cellular modem*: X2000 has connected to
the cellular network
2: DHCP cellular modem*: X2000 has connected to
the cellular modem. NOTE: Does not guarantee
cellular network connectivity
Blinking
1: PPPoE cellular modem*: X2000 is sending or
receiving data to the cellular network
2: DHCP cellular modem*: X2000 is sending or
receiving data to the cellular modem. NOTE: Does not
guarantee cellular network connectivity
AC
AC online status
Off
X2000 is offline on AC

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Solid on
X2000 is online on AC
* Huawei models E3372s-153 and E8372h-153 are DHCP cellular modems. MultiTech models
MTCM-LNA3-B03 and MTCM2-L4G1 are PPPoE cellular modems. If you want to know the
type of other USB cellular modems, please contact your Cassia sales/support contact
E1000/S2000 LED (Green)
LED
Function
Status
Description
PWR
Power status
Off
Power off
Solid on
Power on
SYS
System status
Off
The system didn't start or cannot operate normally
Solid on
The system cannot operate normally
Fast blinking
The system is starting or going to reset
Slow blinking
The system is operating normally
ETH
Ethernet status
Off
No Ethernet link
On
Ethernet link present
Blinking
Sending or receiving data
WIFI
Wi-Fi status
Off
Wi-Fi didn't start or is in disable mode
On
Wi-Fi is operating normally in hotspot or client mode
Blinking
Sending or receiving data
BT1/2
Bluetooth status
Off
Bluetooth chip didn't start
Solid on
Bluetooth chip is operating normally
Fast blinking
Bluetooth connection has been setup
Slow blinking
Bluetooth scan has been enabled
X1000 LED (Blue)
LED
Function
Status
Description
PWR
Power status
Off
Power off
Solid on
Power on
X1000 LED may keep on blinking if the PoE power supply is not stable. Please try to replace
the PoE injector.
14.6. Check Bluetooth scan and connect performance in planning and deploy phase
From firmware 2.1.0, the user can run the deployment tool by selecting “Deployment” in
the gateway’s local console, or run it from the AC console tools tab. To get the correct
display format, please use this tool on the computer only.
This tool can help the user to assess the gateway and device’s Bluetooth performance
during the planning and deploying phase. The user can check the scan and connect
performance in real-time, including RSSI, the number of scanned packets, scan and connect
duration, connection success and failure rate, etc.

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14.7. Check the multiple connection performance and the throughput
From firmware 2.1.0, the user can run the BLE throughput monitor tool by selecting
“Throughput” in the gateway’s local console. This tool can show how many BLE connections
on each chip and show the BLE throughput of all the connections or part of them. The user
can check the result in chart format (not supported by S2000) or table format.
This tool is not available on the AC console because the traffic amount is huge. To get the
correct display format, please use this tool on the computer only.

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15. Contact Cassia Support
If you can’t fix the issue following the above tips, please contact Cassia support
[e-mail]. Please export the gateway debug log and gateway event
log, and email them to us for further analysis.
NOTE: the gateway debug log and route event log will be cleaned after the gateway reset. If
you would like Cassia to troubleshooting, please don’t reset the gateway!
From firmware 2.0.3, the user can download the gateway debug log from AC too (see below
screenshot). Only one gateway’s debug log can be downloaded from AC at the same time. It
may take 2-5 minutes (time out in 10 min) to download one gateway debug log. Please
don’t touch the AC console and wait until the download is finished, otherwise, the
download may be interrupted. This log is not readable to end-users.
On the AC console, the user can export the gateway event log by clicking the below button.
On the gateway console, the user can export the gateway debug log by clicking the Export
Debug Log button on the Other tab. This log is not readable to end-users.