CAVRO XP 3000 User manual

Contents i
XP 3000 Modular Digital Pump
OPERATOR’SMANUAL
725730C
AUGUST, 1998
CAVRO
CAVRO SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, INC.
2450 ZANKER ROAD, SAN JOSE, CA 95131
TELEPHONE: [phone] •[phone] •FAX: [phone]
E-MAIL: [e-mail]
CAVRO

Contents ii
Copyright © 1998 Cavro Scientific Instruments, Inc.
Part number: 725730C
Copyright and Trademark Information
Teflonis a registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Kel-Fis a registered trademark of the 3M Company
CONTRADâis a registered trademark of Decon Laboratories, Inc.
Microsoft Windowsâ, Windows 3.1â, Windows 95â, and Windows NTâare registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
Product Warranty Information
Cavro warrants that instruments manufactured and sold by Cavro will be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of shipment to customer. Cavro’s liability for the
breach of the foregoing warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the products found to be other than
warranted. Such products will be accepted for return only if customer returns them to Cavro’s factory or repair depot
within thirty (30) days from the time of discovery of the alleged defect, and prior to return, obtains a return
authorization number from Cavro, provides Cavro with the serial number of each instrument to be returned, and
prepays freight charges to the factory or a designated Cavro repair depot. No warranty is expressed or implied for:
•Breakage •Syringes
•Maltreatment •Syringe seals
•Unauthorized service •Tubing and tubing connections
•Units not returned in original or adequate packaging •Cavro Valves
•Units which are “life-cycled” •Cavro Probes
The foregoing warranties and limitations are customer’s exclusive remedies and are in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Product Documentation Warranty Information
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Cavro makes no warranty of any
kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose.
Cavro shall not be liable for errors contained in this document or for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Contents iii
Contents
1 GETTING STARTED.............................................................................1-1
Regulatory Considerations..................................................................................1-1
CE.................................................................................................................1-1
Radio Interference ........................................................................................1-1
XP 3000 Features at-a-Glance............................................................................1-2
Unpacking the XP 3000.......................................................................................1-2
ESD Considerations......................................................................................1-2
Functional Description of the XP 3000................................................................1-3
Syringe and Syringe Drive............................................................................1-4
Valve and Valve Drive...................................................................................1-5
Printed Circuit Board.....................................................................................1-5
Communication Interfaces............................................................................1-6
Multi-Pump Configurations ...........................................................................1-7
Valve Sensor.................................................................................................1-7
Tips for Setting Up the XP 3000..........................................................................1-7
Mating Connector Suppliers................................................................................1-8
Power and Electrical Considerations ..................................................................1-9
Choosing a Power Supply.............................................................................1-9
Integrating a Power Supply...........................................................................1-9
Switching Power Supplies ..........................................................................1-10
2 HARDWARE SETUP ............................................................................2-1
Power ..................................................................................................................2-1
Cabling ................................................................................................................2-2
Communication Interfaces............................................................................2-3
Printed Circuit Board Settings and Options.........................................................2-8
Configuration Jumpers (JP1) for Standard Firmware...................................2-8
Configuration Jumpers (JP1) for Microstep-Enabled Firmware .................2-10
Address Switch Settings.............................................................................2-13
Self-Test......................................................................................................2-14
Inputs/Outputs.............................................................................................2-14
XP 3000 Without Valve .....................................................................................2-15
Installing Components.......................................................................................2-16
Installing the XP 3000 Valve.......................................................................2-16
Installing a Syringe......................................................................................2-18
Mounting the XP 3000.......................................................................................2-19

Contents iv
3 SOFTWARE COMMUNICATION..........................................................3-1
XP 3000 Addressing Scheme .............................................................................3-1
Communication Protocols ...................................................................................3-3
OEM Communication Protocol .....................................................................3-4
Data Terminal (DT) Protocol.........................................................................3-8
Using DT Protocol with Microsoft Windows................................................3-10
CAN Interface Communications .................................................................3-12
Using the XP 3000 Command Set ....................................................................3-21
Command Execution Guidelines ................................................................3-21
Control Commands.....................................................................................3-23
Initialization Commands..............................................................................3-27
Plunger Movement Commands..................................................................3-29
Valve Commands........................................................................................3-31
Valve Leakage Detection Commands ........................................................3-33
Set Commands (Velocity and Acceleration)...............................................3-34
Report Commands......................................................................................3-39
XP 3000 Microstep-Enabled Firmware Commands ...................................3-41
Error Codes and Query Status ...................................................................3-43
4 SETTING UP THE XP 3000 FOR YOUR APPLICATION......................4-1
Glossary ..............................................................................................................4-1
Optimizing XP 3000 Performance.......................................................................4-3
Helpful Hints........................................................................................................4-8
5 MAINTENANCE....................................................................................5-1
Daily Maintenance...............................................................................................5-1
Weekly Maintenance...........................................................................................5-1
Weak Detergent Cleaning.............................................................................5-2
Weak Acid-Base-Sequence Cleaning...........................................................5-2
10% Bleach Cleaning....................................................................................5-3
Periodic Maintenance..........................................................................................5-3
Quality Control Assurance............................................................................5-3
Replacing Dispense or Reagent Tubing.......................................................5-4
Replacing a Syringe......................................................................................5-5
Replacing the Reagent Syringe Seals..........................................................5-6
Replacing the XP 3000 Valve.......................................................................5-7
On-Site Replacements ........................................................................................5-8
Replacing the Printed Circuit Board (PCB)...................................................5-8
Replacing the EPROM..................................................................................5-8
6 TECHNICAL SERVICE .........................................................................6-1

Contents v
A ORDERING INFORMATION.................................................................... 1
Available Configurations.........................................................................................1
XP 3000 Spare Parts..............................................................................................2
Syringes...........................................................................................................3
Syringe Seals...................................................................................................3
Syringe “O”-Rings............................................................................................3
Valves ..............................................................................................................4
Printed Circuit Board........................................................................................4
Interconnect Tubing.........................................................................................5
Pump Evaluation Accessories.........................................................................6
Miscellaneous Parts.........................................................................................6
Other Cavro Products.............................................................................................7
RSP 9000 Robotic Sample Processor.............................................................7
MSP 9000/9500 Mini Sample Processors.......................................................7
XL Series Smart Valve.....................................................................................8
XL Series Smart Peristaltic Pump....................................................................8
XL 3000 Series Multi-Channel Pumps.............................................................8
XL 3000 Modular Digital Pumps......................................................................8
XE 1000 Pump.................................................................................................8
Smart I/O Board...............................................................................................9
Cavro MiniWash...............................................................................................9
Accessories......................................................................................................9
B PLUNGER INFORMATION ..................................................................... 1
Plunger Force.........................................................................................................1
Plunger Time Calculations .....................................................................................2
Symbol Definitions...........................................................................................2
Move Calculations............................................................................................3
C ASCII CHART OF CODES FOR U.S. CHARACTERS ............................ 1
D CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART......................................................... 1
E XP 3000 PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS.................................................. 1
F CAN COMMUNICATION COMMANDS ................................................... 1
G COMMAND QUICK REFERENCE .......................................................... 1
Control Commands ................................................................................................1
Initialization Commands for 3-Port Valve and T-Valve...........................................1
Initialization Commands for 3-Port Distribution Valve............................................1
Plunger Movement Commands/Status Bit Reports................................................2
Valve Commands...................................................................................................2
Valve Leakage Detection Commands....................................................................2

Contents vi
Set Commands.......................................................................................................2
Microstep-Enabled Firmware Commands..............................................................3
Report Commands .................................................................................................3
Error Codes............................................................................................................3
Error Codes and Status Byte..................................................................................4
DB-15 Connector Pin Assignments........................................................................4
Figures
Figure 1-1. XP 3000 Modular Digital Pump.............................................................................................. 1-3
Figure 1-2. Syringe Components ............................................................................................................. 1-4
Figure 1-3. 3-Port Valve Components...................................................................................................... 1-5
Figure 1-4. XP 3000 Printed Circuit Board External Connectors.............................................................. 1-6
Figure 2-1. DB-15 Connector Pins ........................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-2. Termination Jumpers............................................................................................................. 2-4
Figure 2-3. RS-232 Multi-Pump Cabling .................................................................................................. 2-5
Figure 2-4. RS-485 Multi-Pump Cabling ................................................................................................... 2-6
Figure 2-5. CAN Multi-Pump Cabling........................................................................................................ 2-7
Figure 2-6. Configuration Jumpers........................................................................................................... 2-8
Figure 2-7. JP4 Jumper Settings Per Mode........................................................................................... 2-10
Figure 2-8. Printed Circuit Board Settings for Microstep-Enabled Firmware......................................... 2-12
Figure 2-9. Address Switch .................................................................................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-10. XP 3000 Valve Installation (3-Port Valve Shown).............................................................. 2-16
Figure 2-11. Syringe Installation............................................................................................................. 2-18
Figure 2-12. XP 3000 Threaded Mount Holes........................................................................................ 2-20
Figure 3-1. Valve Positions for all Valve Types...................................................................................... 3-32
Figure 4-1. Syringe Speed........................................................................................................................ 4-2
Figure 5-1. Syringe Replacement............................................................................................................. 5-5
Figure 5-2. Syringe Seal Assembly.......................................................................................................... 5-6
Figure 5-3. XP 3000 Valve Replacement (3-Port Valve Shown).............................................................. 5-7
Figure B-1. Plunger Force Curve .................................................................................................................1

Getting Started 1-1
1 - Getting Started
Congratulations on your purchase of the Model XP 3000 Modular Digital Pump from
Cavro Scientific Instruments, Inc.
The XP 3000 is a compact OEM pump module designed to handle precision liquid
handling applications in the 5 µL to 5 mL range. It is controlled by an external computer
or microprocessor and automates pipetting, diluting, and dispensing functions.
This chapter includes these topics:
•Regulatory Considerations
•XP 3000 Features at-a-Glance
•Unpacking the XP 3000
•Functional Description of the XP 3000
•Tips for Setting Up the XP 3000
•Mating Connector Suppliers
•Power and Electrical Considerations
•Choosing a Power Supply
Regulatory Considerations
The XP 3000 is a general laboratory module. Since it is not a medical device, it is not
subject to FDA regulatory approval. The XP 3000 uses UL-approved components
wherever possible.
CE
Wherever possible, UL-approved components have been used in the design and
manufacturing of the XP 3000. As a module designed for incorporation into larger
systems which require independent testing and certification, the XP 3000 does not carry
its own CE mark. Compliance with EMC Directive 89/336 EEC may be inferred from
testing of the Cavro MSP 9000 Mini Sample Processor, including the XP 3000, which
meets all requirements of the EMC Directive.
Radio Interference
The XP 3000 generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy which may cause
interference to radio and television communications. Follow standard good engineering
practices relating to radio frequency interference when integrating the XP 3000 into
electronic laboratory systems.

Getting Started 1-2
XP 3000 Features at-a-Glance
The XP 3000 is a compact syringe pump that is designed for OEM precision liquid
handling applications. It has the following standard features and functions:
•Small and lightweight
•Syringe sizes from 50 µL to 5 mL
•Accuracy <1.0% at full stroke
•Precision ≤0.05% at full stroke
•Standard dispense/aspirate resolution of 3,000 steps
•Microstep dispense/aspirate resolution of 24,000 steps
•3-port-, 3-port distribution-, and T- valves, or Y-block
•Borosilicate glass, Kel-Fand Teflonfluid contact
•Optional RS-232/RS-485 or CAN/RS-485 interface
•Programmable plunger speeds from 1.2 sec/stroke to 20 min/stroke, with ramps
and on-the-fly speed changes
•Valve leak detection
•Rack and pinion drive with lost-step detection
•Manually movable syringe drive (power off)
•Pump diagnostics, self-test, and error reporting
•5K programmable EEPROM
•Auxiliary inputs and outputs
•Operates using a single 24VDC power supply
Unpacking the XP 3000
To unpack the module, follow these steps:
1 Remove the pump module(s) and accessories from the shipping cartons.
2 Check the contents against the packing slip to make sure that all the components are
present.
ESD Considerations
The XP 3000 is an electronic device that is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Static discharge from clothing or other fixtures can damage these components. To
prevent premature failure of pump components, the XP 3000 should be handled using
good ESD practices. These include, but are not limited to:
•Using wrist or ankle straps
•ESD mats or worktables
•ESD wax on the floor
Prepare an ESD-free work area before the chassis is grounded.

Getting Started 1-3
Functional Description of the XP 3000
The XP 3000 uses a stepper-motor driven syringe and valve design to aspirate and
dispense measured quantities of liquid. Both the syringe and the valve are replaceable.
Functional descriptions and illustrations of each major XP 3000 component are provided
in the sections that follow.
Figure 1-1. XP 3000 Modular Digital Pump

Getting Started 1-4
Syringe and Syringe Drive
The syringe plunger is moved within the syringe barrel by a rack and pinion drive that
incorporates a 1.8°stepper motor and quadrature encoder to detect lost steps.
The syringe drive has a 30 mm travel length and resolution of 3000 steps (3000 or 24000
steps for microstep-enabled firmware). When power is not applied to the pump, the
syringe drive can be moved by pushing up or down firmly on the plunger holder
assembly. This facilitates syringe removal.
The base of the syringe plunger is held to the drive by a knurled screw. The top of the
syringe barrel attaches to the pump valve by a 1/4-28" fitting.
Figure 1-2 shows the components of a typical syringe.
Figure 1-2. Syringe Components
Syringes are available in these sizes: 50 µL, 100 µL, 250 µL, 500 mL, 1.0 mL, 2.5 mL,
and 5.0 mL. For ordering information, see Appendix A, “Ordering Information.”

Getting Started 1-5
Valve and Valve Drive
The valve is made of a Kel-F body and Teflon plug. The plug rotates inside the valve
body to connect the syringe port to the various input and output ports. The valve is turned
by a 1.8°stepper motor that has an encoder coupled to it for positioning feedback. A
small circuit board is located under the valve drive. This board contains the optical sensor
for the valve encoder and a home sensor for the syringe drive.
Figure 1-3 shows the components of a 3-port valve.
Figure 1-3. 3-Port Valve Components
The XP 3000 is available with the following valves:
•Three-port valve. This valve has an input port, output port, and syringe port. The
syringe port is a “common” port, which means it is always connected to one of the
other two ports. In the standard configuration, the ports are placed at 120°intervals
around the circular valve body.
•T-valve. This valve has an input port, output port, and syringe port. The syringe
port is a “common” port, which means it is always connected to one of the other
two ports. The input and output ports are designed to be easily flushed. The ports
are placed at 90°intervals from the syringe port.
•Three-port distribution valve. This valve has four ports. The common syringe port
can distribute fluid to an input port, an output port, and an extra port. The ports are
placed at 90°intervals around the circular valve body.
•Y-block. In place of the switchable valve, there is a Kel-F manifold with two ports
at 120°intervals from the syringe port for input and output. No valve motor is
included.
Printed Circuit Board
The printed circuit board (PCB) holds the microprocessor and circuitry to control the
syringe and valve drives. The accessible external face of the PCB provides connectors for

Getting Started 1-6
electrical inputs and outputs, jumpers for configuring different modes of operation, and a
communications address switch. Jumpers can be added or removed to select the desired
communication mode. For more information on the modes of operations, see Chapter 3,
“Software Communication.”
Figure 1-4 shows the accessible components of the printed circuit board.
Figure 1-4. XP 3000 Printed Circuit Board External Connectors
For more information on the printed circuit board inputs/outputs, jumpers, the address
switch, and EPROM, see Chapter 2, “Hardware Setup.”
Communication Interfaces
Depending on the pump configuration, the XP 3000 can communicate singly or in a
multi-pump configuration through an RS-232, RS-485, or CAN (Controller Area
Network) interface. For RS-232 and RS-485, baud rates of 9600 and 38400 are
supported. For CAN, baud rates of 100K and 125K are supported.
For details on the communications interfaces, see Chapter 2, “Hardware Setup.”

Getting Started 1-7
Multi-Pump Configurations
Up to fifteen XP 3000s can be connected together in a multi-pump configuration (also
called “daisy-chaining”). Within a multi-pump configuration, the RS-485
communications bus is required, although the first pump in the chain may receive either
RS-232 or RS-485 communications. For CAN communication, neither RS-232 or RS-485
is required. Each pump can be addressed separately from a single terminal via its unique
address, which is set using the address switch on the back panel of the pump. For more
information on setting addresses, see Chapter 2, “Hardware Setup.” For XPs with
microstep-enabled firmware, up to 16 XP 3000s can be connected together in a multi-
pump configuration.
Valve Sensor
The XP 3000 sensor board includes a circuit that detects fluid leakage out the back of the
valve. The valve is made of a Kel-F body and a Teflon plug which rotates inside the
body. Over time, the plug wears, causing the valve to leak. The length of time before
leakage occurs depends on the type of fluids used, duty cycle of the pump, and
maintenance procedures. The circuit will detect conductive fluid (i.e., ionic solution). On
power-up, the valve leak detector is set to 0, which means it is disabled. The user sets the
sensitivity of the leak detector. If fluid is detected, the pump returns an error code.
Tips for Setting Up the XP 3000
For complete information on setting up the XP 3000, see Chapter 2, “Hardware Setup”
and Chapter 3, “Software Communication.”
To ensure proper operation, follow these tips:
GAlways set up and mount the pump in an upright position. Failure to do so can cause
problems priming the system.
GAlways run liquid through the syringe and valve when they are moving. Failure to do
so can damage the sealing surfaces.
GBefore running any organic solvents through the pump, see Appendix D, “Chemical
Resistance Chart” for more information on solvents.
GKeep fingers out of the syringe slot while the pump is running. Failure to do so can
cause injury.
GAlways power down the instrument when connecting or disconnecting pumps.

Getting Started 1-8
Mating Connector Suppliers
Cavro does not sell mating connectors beyond those found on its evaluation power
supply. For customer convenience, a list of DB-15 mating connectors is provided below
(Table 1-1).
Table 1-1. DB-15 Mating Connectors
Manufacturer Description Manufacturing Part
Number
Cable Connector, Receptacle
AMP 15 pin female - solder cup, receptacle 747909-2
Cinch 15 pin female - solder cup, receptacle DA-15S
Cable Connector, Housing
AMP Plastic housing with locks 207908-4
Cinch Plastic housing with locks SDH-15GL-CS
Fujitsu Metal Housing FCN-770C015-C/E
Fujitsu Locking post screw FCN-770A15
Circuit Board Connectors
Fujitsu 15 pin female - straight for .62 to .93 mm
thick PCB FCN-774J015-G/C
AMP 15 pin female - straight for .62 to .93 mm
thick PCB 745184-1
Flat Ribbon
3M 15 pin female - 15 pin flat ribbon receptacle 89815-8000
3M 15 pin female - strain relief 3448-8D15A

Getting Started 1-9
Power and Electrical Considerations
Choosing a Power Supply
The XP 3000 is powered by a 24VDC line via the DB-15 connector. The 24VDC supply
for a single XP 3000 should meet the following basic requirements:
•Output voltage: 24V nominal
•Output voltage tolerance: ±10% minimum, ±5% preferred
•Output voltage regulation: ±1% with varying line (input voltage) and load
•Output current (not including loads other than a single pump):
–≥1.5A for power supplies with minimal capacitance
–≥850mA for power supplies with internal filter capacitance of at least 1000
µF per amp of output current
–≥850mA for power supplies with external capacitance of at least 1000 µF per
amp of output current (aluminum electrolytic capacitor preferred)
•Output voltage ripple: 50mV rms maximum at full load
•Conformance to required safety and EMI/RFI specifications
•Voltage turn-on and turn-off overshoot: < 2 volts
•Minimum current load (for switchers): see “Switching Power Supplies” in this
chapter.
To meet the above basic requirements, the supply must incorporate either linear or
switching regulation; it must have adequate output filter capacitance.
A current-limiting power supply is recommended. Current limiting above 1.0A is
acceptable, assuming that no additional equipment is operated from the supply.
If the power supply uses current feedback, the time-current foldback point must be
sufficient to allow charging of a 470 µF capacitor without folding back. If an external
capacitor is used, exercise care to ensure that the supply always starts after foldback,
particularly at low AC line voltage.
Integrating a Power Supply
When a power supply is used to operate more than one XP 3000 or other device, it must
provide the total average current for all devices. The power supply and filter capacitance
together must satisfy the total peak input current for all devices.
For example, if a system incorporates six XP 3000s with other equipment that together
require 4 amps, a 10A power supply is satisfactory, provided the output filter capacitance
in the supply is at least 10,000 µF:
6 x 0.85 = 5.1A; +4A = 9.1A (choose a 10A power supply)
If the power supply filter capacitance is less than 10,000 µF, use either additional
external capacitance or a 15A power supply:

Getting Started 1-10
6 x 1.5 = 9.0A; +4A = 13A (choose a 15A power supply)
In this example, it is assumed that all the pumps and other equipment will sometimes
operate simultaneously.
External equipment with inadequate bypass capacitance or that is inadequately sourced
for current can cause overvoltage transients and sags, and can create unnecessary ripple
current in the XP 3000. This can result in decreased component life. Additionally, it is
possible for a regulated power supply to become unstable with certain loads and oscillate
if adequate filter capacitance is not present. Some forms of oscillation can cause failures
in the XP 3000. These issues can be avoided by using a properly designed commercial
power supply.
Consideration should also be given to the wiring of the XP 3000 and any additional
devices. Wiring should be of sufficient gauge for the current, and as short as possible.
Unless otherwise required by safety requirements, the power supply lines to the XP 3000
should be 20AWG or heavier. Multiple XP 3000s can be daisy-chained, provided that the
wire size and the power supply are adequate for the total current. In the example of the
six XP 3000s above, use 18AWG wire if the units are daisy-chained. It is best if each pair
is twisted or dressed together from the device to the supply. For more information on
multi-pump cabling, see Chapter 2, “Hardware Setup.”
To control power to the XP 3000, switch power to the power supply. Do not use a relay
or switch contacts between the 24V supply and the XP 3000 (i.e., do not switch DC input
to the pump).
Switching Power Supplies
Be sure to check carefully the minimum load requirement of the power supply. Typically,
switching supplies have a minimum load requirement of up to 10% of the rated output
current.
NOTE The XP 3000 idle current is less than 10% of the full running current.
For example, in a system with multiple XP 3000s, a 24V 5-amp switcher with a
minimum load less that 500mA may not provide sufficient current when the XP 3000
motors are idle and all other devices are in a low current state. If the XP 3000 is the only
load on the 24V supply, a switcher should have a minimum load specification of 50mA
or less. An appropriate external power resistor can be used to ensure that the minimum
load is met.

Hardware Setup 2-1
2 - Hardware Setup
This chapter includes these sections describing the various parts of hardware setup:
Power XP 3000 Without Valve
Cabling Installing Components
Printed Circuit Board Settings and
Options Mounting the XP 3000
Power
The XP 3000 requires a 24VDC power supply with a current rating of at least 1.5A,
provided through a DB-15 connector. Cavro recommends using one power cable for
every two pumps to provide noise immunity; i.e., power should not be daisy-chained to
more than two pumps.
For complete information on choosing a power supply, see Chapter 1, “Getting Started.”

Hardware Setup 2-2
Cabling
A single cable supplies both power and communications to each XP 3000. (Power is
described in the “Power” section in this chapter.)
Set a unique address to identify each pump module. For more information, see “Address
Switch Settings” in this chapter; see also Chapter 3, “Software Communication.”
Table 2-1. DB-15 Connector Pin Assignments
Pin Function Remarks
124VDC
2 RS-232 TxD line Output data
3 RS-232 RxD line Input data
4 Unused
5 CAN high signal line
6 CAN low signal line
7 Auxiliary input #1 TTL level
8 Auxiliary input #2 TTL level
9 Ground Power and logic
10 Ground Power and logic
11 RS-485 A line
12 RS-485 B line
13 Auxiliary output #1 TTL level
14 Auxiliary output #2 TTL level
15 Auxiliary output #3 TTL level

Hardware Setup 2-3
Figure 2-1 shows the pin positions of the DB-15 connector on the printed circuit board.
This is a male connector that requires a female connector on the mating cable.
Figure 2-1. DB-15 Connector Pins
Communication Interfaces
The computer or controller communicates with the XP 3000 through an RS-485 interface,
RS-232 interface, or CAN (Controller Area Network) interface. The RS-232 interface
automatically converts the protocol to RS-485 for the benefit of any other devices which
may be connected to the XP 3000’s RS-485 communications bus (this constitutes a so
called “multi-drop” device configuration).
NOTE The RS-232 interface does not support hardware handshaking and requires
only three lines: RXD, TXD, and Signal Ground.
When using a multi-drop arrangement, up to 15 pumps can be addressed by the controller
on the same communications bus (up to 16 pumps for microstep-enabled firmware). Take
special care to ensure that the RS-485 A and B lines are not reversed. Special
consideration must be given to the position of jumpers on JP2. These jumpers switch
termination resistors into the RS-485 A and B line circuits, thereby dampening the signal
at the ends of the RS-485 chain. This prevents echoing of the signal back to the listeners
on the chain. Multi-drop configurations require jumpers in both positions of JP2 for the
first and last pump in the RS-485 chain (i.e., the ends of the chain). Single pump
configurations (i.e., only one pump communicating with a controller) always require that
jumpers be installed on JP2.

Hardware Setup 2-4
Figure 2-2 shows the termination jumpers on the printed circuit board.
Figure 2-2. Termination Jumpers
NOTE Pumps are shipped with the RS-485 termination jumper installed on JP2.
Please remove the jumpers if they are not needed.
When communicating with the pumps via RS-232, one pump in the chain must be
configured for RS-232 communication. This pump receives the RS-232 signal from the
PC or controller and converts it to RS-485, then passes the RS-485 signal to all other
pumps in the chain.
Refer to the cabling illustrations on the following pages. These illustrations show the
multi-pump cabling for RS-232, RS-485, and CAN connections, respectively. Also
shown is the external termination scheme for the RS-485 chain. This scheme can be used
if the terminators are installed in the system instead of on the pump.
The CAN interface is a two-wire serial system. The bus is driven differentially in a
manner similar to RS-485. The major difference is in the protocol. The CAN protocol is
designed to allow any device on the bus to send a message at any time. This is unlike
other two-wire interfaces in which the slave devices can only transmit in response to a
query. Using the CAN interface, the pump can send a message to inform the master that it
has completed its task. Anti-collision detection (which reconciles problems that occur
when two devices talk at once) is carried out by the CAN controller hardware.
NOTE Always power off pumps before connecting to or disconnecting from the bus.
For XP 3000s with microstep-enabled firmware, please refer to “Configuration
Jumpers (JP1) for Microstep-Enabled Firmware” and “Termination Jumpers
(JP4) for Microstep-Enabled Firmware,” later in this chapter.