CCS WattNode WNA-1P-240-TP78 User manual

WATTNODE
®
for LONWORKS®
User’s Guide
Continental Control Systems
http://www.ccontrolsys.com Rev 1.22

2
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical without the prior written
permission of Continental Control Systems, LLC.
© 1998 Continental Control Systems, LLC. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Document Number: WN-LM-1.22
Revision Date: February 21, 2007
Continental Control Systems, LLC.
3131 Indian Rd., Suite A
Boulder, CO 80301
[phone]
FAX: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.ccontrolsys.com
WattNode is a registered trademark of Continental Control Systems, LLC.
Echelon, Neuron, LonTalk, LONMARK, and LONWORKS are registered trademarks of Echelon Corporation.
FCC INFORMATION
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant
to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area can cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense.
Standard Product Warranty
All products sold by Continental Control Systems, LLC (CCS) are guaranteed against defects in material
and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. CCS’s responsibility is limited to repair,
replacement, or refund. CCS reserves the right to substitute equivalent new or used parts.
This warranty covers only defects arising under normal use and does not include malfunctions or failures
resulting from: misuse, abuse, neglect, improper application, improper installation, acts of nature, or repairs
by anyone other than CCS.
NO OTHER WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AND CCS DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CCS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.

Contents 3
Contents
1 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................ 5
1.1 WattNode.............................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Current Transformers ..........................................................................................................................5
1.3 LonTalk®Network ..............................................................................................................................6
1.3.1 LonMark®...................................................................................................................................6
1.3.2 External Interface File (XIF) ......................................................................................................6
2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION............................................................................... 7
2.1 Precautions ..........................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Measurement Configurations ..............................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Single-Phase Two-Wire..............................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire............................................................................................................9
2.2.3 Three-Phase Three-Wire Delta.................................................................................................10
2.2.4 Three-Phase Four-Wire Wye....................................................................................................11
2.2.5 Three-Phase Four-Wire Delta...................................................................................................12
2.3 Mounting ...........................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Connecting Current Transformers.....................................................................................................13
2.5 Connecting Voltage Terminals..........................................................................................................14
2.6 Network Wiring.................................................................................................................................14
2.7 Installation Summary.........................................................................................................................15
3 NETWORK CONFIGURATION............................................................................ 16
3.1 Identifying the WattNode..................................................................................................................16
3.2 WattNode Reinitialization.................................................................................................................16
3.3 Network Variables.............................................................................................................................17
3.3.1 Authentication...........................................................................................................................17
3.3.2 Network Variable Summary .....................................................................................................18
4 OPERATION........................................................................................................ 19
4.1 Node Object.......................................................................................................................................19
4.1.1 Requests....................................................................................................................................19
4.1.2 Status.........................................................................................................................................20
4.1.3 Time of Day..............................................................................................................................21
4.1.4 Alarms.......................................................................................................................................21
4.2 Energy Measurement.........................................................................................................................22
4.2.1 Energy Output...........................................................................................................................22
4.2.2 Zeroing Energy.........................................................................................................................23
4.2.3 Energy Configuration ...............................................................................................................23
4.3 Power Measurement ..........................................................................................................................24
4.3.1 Power Output............................................................................................................................24
4.3.2 Power Alarms............................................................................................................................25
4.3.3 Power Alarm Example..............................................................................................................26
4.4 Demand Measurement.......................................................................................................................27
4.4.1 Demand Configuration .............................................................................................................28
4.4.2 Demand Output.........................................................................................................................29
4.4.3 Peak Demand............................................................................................................................29
4.4.4 Demand Alarms........................................................................................................................30
4.4.5 Load Control.............................................................................................................................30

4Contents
5 TROUBLESHOOTING.........................................................................................31
5.1 Service LED.......................................................................................................................................31
5.2 Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Test CT Polarity........................................................................................................................34
5.2.2 Test CT Ordering ......................................................................................................................34
5.2.3 Test CT Output..........................................................................................................................34
6 SPECIFICATIONS ...............................................................................................35
6.1 Models................................................................................................................................................35
6.2 Current Transformers.........................................................................................................................35
6.3 Accuracy ............................................................................................................................................36
6.4 Timekeeping ......................................................................................................................................36
6.5 Update Rate........................................................................................................................................36
6.6 Ratings ...............................................................................................................................................36
6.6.1 Electrical ...................................................................................................................................36
6.6.2 Environmental...........................................................................................................................36
6.6.3 Mechanical................................................................................................................................36
6.7 Communication..................................................................................................................................36
7 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................37
INDEX.......................................................................................................................38

Overview 5
1 Overview
1.1 WattNode
The WattNode is designed for use in demand side management (DSM), sub-metering, and energy
monitoring applications where accuracy at reasonable cost is essential. It is also possible to use the
WattNode to measure power generation. Models are available for single-phase, three-phase wye and three-
phase delta configurations for voltages from 120 VAC to 600 VAC, 60 Hz.
The WattNode is a LonMark interoperable product. Functionally, it can be viewed as three sensors in one
package: a power meter (watts), an energy meter (watt-hours), and a demand meter (watts)—demand is the
average power over a specified time interval. These quantities are output as LonWorks Standard Network
Variable Types (SNVTs). The choice of three different output units (SNVTs) for each measurement allows
developers to choose the most convenient representation. Additionally, the WattNode can be configured to
alarm at over-range power, under-range power, and over-range demand power.
The LonWorks network interface allows a virtually unlimited number of WattNodes to be monitored from
one central location with automatic real-time monitoring, data logging, and demand profiling.
The following table shows the various WattNode models that are available.
Model VAC phase to
neutral VAC phase to phase Phases Wires Neutral Present
WNA-1P-240-xxx 120 240 1 2 or 3 Yes
WNA-3Y-208-xxx 120 208,240 3 4 Yes
WNA-3Y-400-xxx 240 400 3 4 Yes
WNA-3Y-480-xxx 277 480 3 4 Yes
WNA-3Y-600-xxx 347 600 3 4 Yes
WNA-3D-208-xxx N/A 208 3 3 No
WNA-3D-480-xxx N/A 480 3 3 No
WNA-4WD-240-xxx 120/208 240 3 4 Yes
The transceiver suffixes (-xxx) are -TP78 or -FT10.
Table 1.1: WattNode Models
1.2 Current Transformers
The WattNode can use either toroidal or split-core (opening) current transformers (CTs). The WattNode
requires CTs with internal burden resistors generating 0 – 0.333 VAC. This type of CT eliminates the
shock hazard of the 5 amp output CTs. They are also generally smaller and lower cost. Do NOT use 5 amp
output CTs. Split-core CTs offer greater ease of installation, because they can be installed without
disconnecting the circuit being measured (although connecting the voltage terminals on the WattNode
requires that at least one circuit in the service panel be turned off). Toroidal CTs are more compact, more
accurate and less expensive, but they require that the measured circuit be disconnected during installation.
The rated current of the CTs should normally be chosen at or above the maximum current of the circuit
being measured. See section 6.2 Current Transformers for CT specifications. The WattNode can
measure up to 150% of rated maximum power with reduced accuracy, so occasional overloads are
acceptable. CTs are nonlinear at very low power levels and may report less than the true current.

6Overview
CTs can measure lower currents than they were designed for by passing the wire through the CT more than
once. For example, to measure currents up to 1 amp with a 5 amp CT, pass the wire through the CT once,
then loop back around the outside of the CT, and pass the wire through the CT again. Repeat until the wire
passes through the CT 5 times. The CT is now effectively a 1 amp CT instead of a 5 amp CT; therefore, set
the CT current rating to 1 amp as described in section 4.2.3 Energy Configuration. In general, the
current rating of the CT is divided by
n where n is the number of times that the wire passes through the CT.
1.3 LonTalk®Network
The WattNode communicates using Echelon's®LonTalk network protocol. This interoperable network
standard supports many physical media and allows easy communication between LonTalk compatible
devices and monitoring computers. Network variables interface the WattNode to the network. Each device
on the network may have both input and output network variables. During network setup, output network
variables may be bound (connected) to input network variables of the same type. Whenever an output
network variable is updated, the new value is propagated over the network, and all devices which have
input network variables bound to the updated output will update their internal copies of the variable.
1.3.1 LonMark®
The WattNode is certified as meeting LonMark Interoperability Guidelines version 3.0. The guidelines
ensure that products from different manufacturers can be integrated together in a network. The guidelines
also specify consistent documentation and network variable organization to speed installation.
1.3.2 External Interface File (XIF)
The external interface file contains definitions for all the network variables in the WattNode and hardware
parameters pertaining to the node, such as transceiver type. The XIF file also contains self-documentation
information about the WattNode and all of the network variables. Most network management tools can use
XIF files to pre-install a node before the actual node has been connected to the network. Some network
management tools require the use of the XIF file during installation. Every order of WattNodes includes a
disk with the required XIF file. If you use the XIF file for installation, it is important that the XIF file
matches the WattNode version and transceiver type.

Hardware Installation 7
2 Hardware Installation
2.1 Precautions
Different versions of the WattNode measure circuits with voltages from 120 VAC single-phase to 600
VAC three-phase. These voltages are lethal! Always adhere to the following checklist:
1) CCS recommends that a licensed electrician install the WattNode.
2) The WattNode does not contain any user serviceable parts; return to CCS for service.
3) Verify that circuit voltages are within the proper range for the WattNode model.
4) Only use CTs with a 0 – 0.333 VAC output. Never use 5 amp output CTs.
5) Ensure that the line voltage inputs to the WattNode have either fuses or circuit breakers on each
voltage phase (not needed for the neutral wire).
6) Never connect the WattNode to a live circuit. Split-core CTs may be placed around live wires.
7) Always connect the CTs to the WattNode before connecting the line voltages to the WattNode.
Note: in some installations the CT screw terminals will be at line voltage.
8) Do not place more than one voltage wire in a screw terminal.
9) Remember that the screw terminals are not insulated. Do not contact metal tools to the screw
terminals if the circuit is live!
10) Before turning on power to the WattNode, ensure that all the wires are securely installed by gently
tugging on each wire.
11) Do not install the WattNode in an environment where it may be exposed to temperatures below -
30°C or above 60°C, excessive moisture, dust or other contamination.
2.2 Measurement Configurations
Below is a list of different power measurement configurations, with connections and recommended
WattNode models. Note: Ground wires do not carry current except in the case of a malfunction of the
circuit being measured and are not used by the WattNode.
DANGER — HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD
Improper installation procedures may result in injury or death.

8Hardware Installation
2.2.1 Single-Phase Two-Wire
The single-phase two-wire 120 VAC configuration is most often seen in homes and offices. The two wires
are neutral and line. The unused CT inputs must be shorted with an insulated jumper wire. Single-phase
two-wire circuits can be measured with models WNA-1P-240 or WNA-3Y-208.
Phase A
LINE
Neutral
LOAD
Current
Transformer
WHITE
BLACK
Source
Face
120 VAC
Neutral
FT10
WNA-1P-240-FT10
Continental Control Systems
W ATT N ODE
B CT
A CT
Service
B 120 VAC
A 120 VAC
BLACK
WHITE
Shorting
Wire
Figure 2.1: Single-Phase Two-Wire Connection

Hardware Installation 9
2.2.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire
This is seen in residential and commercial service with 240 VAC for large appliances. The three wires are
neutral and two line voltage wires with AC waveforms 180° out of phase. The ground wire is not
connected. This results in 120 VAC between either line wire and neutral, or 240 VAC between the two line
wires. Single-phase three-wire circuits can be measured with models WNA-1P-240 or WNA-3Y-208.
Note: Neutral must be connected.
Phase A
LINE
Neutral
Phase B
LOAD
Current
Transformers
WHITE
BLACK
Source
Faces
WHITE
BLACK
120 VAC
120 VAC
240 VAC
Neutral
FT10
WNA-1P-240-FT10
Continental Control Systems
W ATT N ODE
B CT
A CT
Service
B 120 VAC
A 120 VAC
Figure 2.2: Single-Phase Three-Wire Connection

10 Hardware Installation
2.2.3 Three-Phase Three-Wire Delta
WARNING
This configuration is dangerous because there is no neutral wire, and as a result, the screw terminals to
connect the CTs will have line voltages on them whenever the WattNode is powered. Therefore, for
safety, it is critical that the WattNode is not powered while connecting the CTs.
This is typically seen in manufacturing and industrial environments. There is no neutral wire, just three
power lines with AC waveforms shifted 120° between the successive phases. With this configuration, the
line voltage wires may be connected to the phase A, B and C terminals in any order, so long as the CTs are
connected to matching phases. Three-phase three-wire delta circuits should be measured with the
WNA-3D-208 (208 VAC phase to phase) or the WNA-3D-480 (480 VAC phase to phase).
Source
Faces
Phase A
LINE
Phase B
Phase C
LOAD
Current
Transformers
WHITE
BLACK
WHITE
BLACK
FT10
WNA-3D-xxx-FT10
Continental Control Systems
W ATT N ODE
C CT
B CT
Service
C VAC
B VAC
A VAC
Figure 2.3: Three-Phase Three-Wire Delta Connection
The three-phase delta configuration may require larger current transformers than expected. For balanced
loads, the line currents are 1.732 (the square root of 3) times larger than the phase currents. For example, in
Figure 2.4 below, if phase currents i
ab
, i
bc
, and i
ca
are each 100 amps, then line currents i
a
, i
b
, and i
c
are
each 173.2 amps. This circuit would therefore require CTs rated for at least 175 amps. When choosing the
current rating for the CTs, determine if the maximum circuit current is a line current or a phase current.