Cisco ONS 15454 SDH E1-75 User manual

CHAPTER
15-1
Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6
April 2008
15
Performance Monitoring
Note The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature. These terms
do not refer to using Cisco ONS 15xxx products in a unidirectional path switched ring configuration.
Rather, these terms, as well as "Path Protected Mesh Network" and "PPMN," refer generally to Cisco's
path protection feature, which may be used in any topological network configuration. Cisco does not
recommend using its path protection feature in any particular topological network configuration.
Performance monitoring (PM) parameters are used by service providers to gather, store, set thresholds,
and report performance data for early detection of problems. In this chapter, PM parameters and concepts
are defined for electrical cards, Ethernet cards, and optical cards in the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH.
For information about enabling and viewing PM values, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure
Guide.
Chapter topics include:
•15.1 Threshold Performance Monitoring, page 15-1
•15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring, page 15-2
•15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring, page 15-3
•15.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards, page 15-3
•15.5 Performance Monitoring for Ethernet Cards, page 15-14
•15.6 Performance Monitoring for Optical Cards, page 15-21
•15.7 Performance Monitoring for the Fiber Channel Card, page 15-54
•15.8 Performance Monitoring for DWDM Cards, page 15-57
Note For additional information regarding PM parameters, refer to ITU G.826, and Telcordia documents
GR-820-CORE, GR-499-CORE, and GR-253-CORE.
15.1 Threshold Performance Monitoring
Thresholds are used to set error levels for each PM parameter. You can set individual PM threshold
values from the Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) card view Provisioning tab. For procedures on
provisioning card thresholds, such as line, path, and SDH thresholds, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH
Procedure Guide.

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April 2008
Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring
During the accumulation cycle, if the current value of a performance monitoring parameter reaches or
exceeds its corresponding threshold value, a threshold crossing alert (TCA) is generated by the node and
displayed by CTC. TCAs provide early detection of performance degradation. When a threshold is
crossed, the node continues to count the errors during a given accumulation period. If 0 is entered as the
threshold value, the performance monitoring parameter is disabled.
Change the threshold if the default value does not satisfy your error monitoring needs. For example,
customers with a critical E1 installed for 911 calls must guarantee the best quality of service on the line;
therefore, they lower all thresholds so that the slightest error raises a TCA.
15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring
Intermediate-path performance monitoring (IPPM) allows transparent monitoring of a constituent
channel of an incoming transmission signal by a node that does not terminate that channel. Many large
ONS 15454 SDH networks only use line terminating equipment (LTE), not path terminating equipment
(PTE). Table 15-1 shows ONS 15454 SDH cards that are considered LTE.
Software Release 3.0 (R3.0) and later allows LTE cards to monitor near-end PM data on individual
high-order paths by enabling IPPM. After enabling IPPM provisioning on the line card, service providers
can monitor high-order paths that are configured in pass-through mode on an ONS 15454 SDH operating
in SDH AU4 mode, thus making troubleshooting and maintenance activities more efficient.
IPPM occurs only on high-order paths that have IPPM enabled, and TCAs are raised only for PM
parameters on the IPPM enabled paths. The monitored IPPM parameters are HP-EB, HP-BBE, HP-ES,
HP-SES, HP-UAS, HP-ESR, HP-SESR, and HP-BBER.
Note The E1 card and STM-1 card can monitor far-end IPPM. For all other cards listed in Table 15-1, far-end
IPPM is not supported. However, SDH path PM parameters can be monitored by logging into the far-end
node directly.
The ONS 15454 SDH performs IPPM by examining the overhead in the monitored path and by reading
all of the near-end path PM values in the incoming direction of transmission. The IPPM process allows
the path signal to pass bidirectionally through the node completely unaltered.
Table 15-1 Line Terminating Equipment (LTE)
Electrical LTE
STM1E-12 —
Optical LTE
OC3 IR 4/STM1 SH 1310 OC3 IR/STM1 SH 1310-8
OC12 IR/STM4 SH1310 OC12 LR/STM4 LH1310
OC12 LR/STM4 LH 1550 OC12 IR/STM4 SH 1310-4
OC48 IR/STM16 SH AS 1310 OC48 LR/STM16 LH AS 1550
OC48 ELR/STM16 EH 100 GHz OC192 SR/STM64 IO 1310
OC192 IR/STM64 SH 1550 OC192 LR/STM64 LH 1550
OC192 LR/STM64 LH ITU 15xx.xx TXP_MR_10G
MXP_2.5G_10G —

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring
For detailed information about specific IPPM parameters, locate the card name in the following sections
and review the appropriate definition.
15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring
Pointers are used to compensate for frequency and phase variations. Pointer justification counts indicate
timing errors on SDH networks. When a network is out of sync, jitter and wander occurs on the
transported signal. Excessive wander can cause terminating equipment to slip.
Slips cause different effects in service. Voice service has intermittent audible clicks. Compressed voice
technology has short transmission errors or dropped calls. Fax machines lose scanned lines or experience
dropped calls. Digital video transmission has distorted pictures or frozen frames. Encryption service
loses the encryption key causing data to be transmitted again.
Pointers provide a way to align the phase variations in VC4 payloads. The VC4 payload pointer is located
in the H1 and H2 bytes of the AU pointers section and is a count of the number of bytes the VC4 path overhead
(POH) J1 byte is away from the H3 byte, not including the section overhead bytes. Clocking differences are
measured by the offset in bytes from the pointer to the first byte of the VC4 POH called the J1 byte.
Clocking differences that exceed the normal range of 0 to 782 can cause data loss.
There are positive (PPJC) and negative (NPJC) pointer justification count parameters. PPJC is a count
of path-detected (PPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (PPJC-Pgen) positive pointer justifications. NPJC is a
count of path-detected (NPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (NPJC-Pgen) negative pointer justifications
depending on the specific PM name.
A consistent pointer justification count indicates clock synchronization problems between nodes. A
difference between the counts means the node transmitting the original pointer justification has timing
variations with the node detecting and transmitting this count. Positive pointer adjustments occur when
the frame rate of the POH is too slow in relation to the rate of the VC4.
You must enable PPJC and NPJC performance monitoring parameters for LTE cards. See Table 15-1 on
page 15-2 for a list of Cisco ONS 15454 SDH LTE cards. In CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC
PM parameters appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the card view Provisioning tab.
For detailed information about specific pointer justification count PM parameters, locate the card name
in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.
15.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards
The following sections define performance monitoring parameters for the E1-N-14, E1-42, E3-12, and
DS3i-N-12 electrical cards.
15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Figure 15-1 on page 15-4 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for
the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card.

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Figure 15-1 Monitored Signal Types for the E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card
Figure 15-2 shows where overhead bytes detected on the application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)
produce performance monitoring parameters for the E1-N-14 card.
Note The E1-42 card uses the same PM read points. The only difference from the Figure 15-2 is that the
number of ports on the E1-42 equal 42.
Figure 15-2 PM Read Points on the E1-N-14 Card
The PM parameters for the E1-N-14 card and E1-42 card are described in Table 15-2 on page 15-5
through Table 15-4 on page 15-6.
71101
ONS 15454
SDH
E1 STM16
Fiber
Near End
E1 Signal
CRC4 Framing Path PMs Near + Far End Supported
ONS 15454
SDH
E1STM16
Far End
E1 Signal
VC-12 Low-Order Path PMs Near End Supported
71100
ONS 15454 SDH
E1 Card
LIU
Framer
BTC
Tx/Rx
Cross-Connect
Card STM-N
CV-L
ES-L
SES-L
Rx P-EB
Rx P-BBE
Rx P-ES
Rx P-SES
Rx P-UAS
Rx P-ESR
Rx P-SESR
Rx P-BBER
Tx P-EB
Tx P-BBE
Tx P-ES
Tx P-SES
Tx P-UAS
Tx P-ESR
Tx P-SESR
Tx P-BBER
E1 Side
Low-
Order
Path
Level
SDH Side
LP-EB
LP-BBE
LP-ES
LP-SES
LP-UAS
LP-ESR
LP-SESR
LP-BBER
PMs read on Framer
PMs read on LIU

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Table 15-2 Line PM Parameters for the E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card, Near-End
Parameter Definition
Note SDH path PMs do not increment unless IPPM is enabled. See the “15.2 Intermediate-Path
Performance Monitoring” section on page 15-2.
E1 CV-L Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations
occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations
(BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation
period.
E1 ES-L Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or
more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.
E1 SES-L Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds
containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ >
2048) and/or defects on the line.
E1 LOSS-L Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals
containing one or more LOS defects.
Table 15-3 Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters
for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards and E1-42 Cards
Parameter Definition
Note Under the Provisioning > Threshold tab, the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card have
user-defined thresholds for the E-1 Rx path PM parameters. In the Threshold tab, they are
displayed as EB, BBE, ES, SES, and UAS without the Rx prefix.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-EB Path Errored Block (P-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error
within a block.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-BBE Path Background Block Error (P-BBE) is an errored block not occurring
as part of an SES.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-ES Path Errored Second (P-ES) is a one-second period with one or more
errored blocks or at least one defect.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-SES Path Severely Errored Seconds (P-SES) is a one-second period containing
30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect; SES is a subset
of ES.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-UAS Receive Path Unavailable Seconds (E1 Rx P-UAS) is a count of
one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the signal
receive end. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur.
The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path becomes
unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur
with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from
unavailable time.
Transmit Path Unavailable Seconds (E1 Tx P-UAS) is a count of
one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the transmit end
of the signal. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs
occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path
becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds
occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from
unavailable time.

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-AISS AIS Seconds Path (P-AISS) is a count of one-second intervals containing
one or more AIS defects.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-ESR Path Errored Second Ratio (P-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total
seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-SESR Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (P-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total
seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
E1 (Tx or Rx) P-BBER Path Background Block Error Ratio (P-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total
blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count
of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.
Table 15-4 VC-12 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards
and E1-42 Cards
Parameter Definition
LP-EB Low-Order Path Errored Block (LP-EB) indicates that one or more bits
are in error within a block.
LP-ES Low-Order Path Errored Second (LP-ES) is a one-second period with one
or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
LP-SES Low-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (LP-SES) is a one-second
period containing greater than or equal to 30 percent errored blocks or at
least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.
LP-UAS Low-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (LP-UAS) is a count of the seconds
when the VC path was unavailable. A low-order path becomes unavailable
when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as LP-SESs, and it
continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not
qualify as LP-SESs.
LP-BBE Low-Order Path Background Block Error (LP-BBE) is an errored block
not occurring as part of an SES.
LP-ESR Low-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (LP-ESR) is the ratio of errored
seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
LP-SESR Low-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (LP-SESR) is the ratio of
SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
LP-BBER Low-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (LP-BBER) is the ratio of
BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.
Table 15-3 Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters
for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards and E1-42 Cards (continued)
Parameter Definition

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Figure 15-3 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the E3-12 card.
Figure 15-4 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring
parameters for the E3-12 card.
Figure 15-3 Monitored Signal Types for the E3-12 Card
Figure 15-4 PM Read Points on the E3-12 Card
The PM parameters for the E3-12 card are described in Table 15-5 on page 15-8 through Table 15-8 on
page 15-9.
71105
ONS 15454
SDH
E3 STM16
Fiber
Near End
E3 Signal
E3 Path Near End PMs Supported
ONS 15454
SDH
E3STM16
Far End
E3 Signal
VC3 Low-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End
VC4 High-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End
71102
ONS 15454 SDH
E3 Card
LIU Mux/Demux ASIC
BTC
ASIC
Cross-Connect
Card STM-N
E3 Side
Low-
Order
Path
Level
SDH Side
LP-EB
LP-BBE
LP-ES
LP-SES
LP-UAS
LP-ESR
LP-SESR
LP-BBER
HP-EB
HP-BBE
HP-ES
HP-SES
HP-UAS
HP-ESR
HP-SESR
HP-BBER
CV-L
ES-L
SES-L
LOSS-L
P-ES
P-SES
P-UAS
P-ESR
P-SESR
PMs read on Mux/Demux ASIC
PMs read on LIU High-
Order
Path
Level

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Table 15-5 Line PM Parameters for the Near-End E3-12 Card
Parameter Definition
E3 CV-L Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates that the number of coding
violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of BPVs and
EXZs occurring over the accumulation period.
E3 ES-L Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or
more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.
E3 SES-L Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds
containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ >
44) and/or defects on the line.
E3 LOSS-L Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals
containing one or more LOS defects.
Table 15-6 Path PM Parameters for the Near-End E3-12 Card
Parameter Definition
E3 P-ES Path Errored Second (P-ES) is a one-second period with at least one
defect.
E3 P-SES Path Severely Errored Seconds (P-SES) is a one-second period containing
at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.
E3 P-UAS Path Unavailable Seconds (P-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the
path was unavailable. A path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive
seconds occur that qualify as P-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable
until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as P-SESs.
E3 P-ESR Path Errored Second Ratio (P-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total
seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
E3 P-SESR Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (P-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total
seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
Table 15-7 VC3 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card
Parameter Definition
LP-EB Low-Order Path Errored Block (LP-EB) indicates that one or more bits
are in error within a block.
LP-BBE Low-Order Path Background Block Error (LP-BBE) is an errored block
not occurring as part of an SES.
LP-ES Low-Order Path Errored Second (LP-ES) is a one-second period with one
or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
LP-SES Low-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (LP-SES) is a one-second
period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
SES is a subset of ES.

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
LP-UAS Low-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (LP-UAS) is a count of the seconds
when the VC path was unavailable. A low-order path becomes unavailable
when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as LP-SESs, and it
continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not
qualify as LP-SESs.
LP-ESR Low-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (LP-ESR) is the ratio of errored
seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
LP-SESR Low-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (LP-SESR) is the ratio of
SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
LP-BBER Low-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (LP-BBER) is the ratio of
BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval.
The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.
Table 15-8 VC4 High-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card
Parameter Definition
HP-EB High-Order Path Errored Block (HP-EB) indicates that one or more bits
are in error within a block.
HP-BBE High-Order Path Background Block Error (HP-BBE) is an errored block
not occurring as part of an SES.
HP-ES High-Order Path Errored Second (HP-ES) is a one-second period with one
or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
HP-SES High-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (HP-SES) is a one-second
period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
SES is a subset of ES.
HP-UAS High-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (HP-UAS) is a count of the seconds
when the VC path was unavailable. A high-order path becomes
unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as HP-SESs,
and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that
do not qualify as HP-SESs.
HP-ESR High-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (HP-ESR) is the ratio of errored
seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
HP-SESR High-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (HP-SESR) is the ratio
of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement
interval.
HP-BBER High-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (HP-BBER) is the ratio
of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement
interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.
Table 15-7 VC3 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card (continued)
Parameter Definition

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Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring
15.4.3 DS3i-N-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
15.4.3 DS3i-N-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters
Figure 15-5 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the DS3i-N-12
card. Figure 15-6 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring
parameters for the DS3i-N-12 card.
Figure 15-5 Monitored Signal Types for the DS3i-N-12 Card
Figure 15-6 PM Read Points on the DS3i-N-12 Card
71108
ONS 15454
SDH
DS3i STM16
Fiber
Near End
DS3 Signal
C-Bit and M23 Framing DS3 Path Near-End PMs Are Supported
ONS 15454
SDH
DS3iSTM16
Far End
DS3 Signal
VC3 Low-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End
VC4 High-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End
71103
ONS 15454 SDH
DS3i Card
LIU
Mux/Demux ASIC
BTC
ASIC
Cross-Connect
Card STM-N
DS3 Side SDH Side
CV-L
ES-L
SES-L
LOSS-L
AISS-P
CVP-P
ESP-P
SASP-P
SESP-P
UASP-P
CVCP-P
ESCP-P
SASCP-P
SESCP-P
UASCP-P
CVCP-PFE
ESCP-PFE
SASCP-PFE
SESCP-PFE
UASCP-PFE PMs read on Mux/Demux ASIC
PMs read on LIU
Low-
Order
Path
Level
SDH Side
LP-EB
LP-BBE
LP-ES
LP-SES
LP-UAS
LP-ESR
LP-SESR
LP-BBER
HP-EB
HP-BBE
HP-ES
HP-SES
HP-UAS
HP-ESR
HP-SESR
HP-BBER
High-
Order
Path
Level