Commodore 128 Parts list manual

O Commodore
O
O
System Guide
Ç= Commodore

System Guide
Commodore
Personal Computer
© Commodore Electronics, Ltd. 1985. All rights reser ed.

Please note: All information about the C 128
in this manual is also valid for the C 128
Copyright © 1985 by Commodore Electronics Limited
All rights reserved
This man al contains copyrighted and proprietary information. No part of this p blication may
be reprod ced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, witho t the prior written
permission of Commodore Electronics Limited.
Commodore BASIC 7.0
Copyright © 1985 by Commodore Electronics Limited; All rights reserved
Copyright © 1977 by Microsoft Corp.
All rights reserved
CP/M® Pl s Version 3.0
Copyright © 1982 Digital Research Inc.
All rights reserved
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc.

CONTENTS
C128 SYSTEM GUI E
CHAPTER I — INTRO UCTION
SECTION 1 - HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 1-3
SECTION 2 — OVERVIEW OF THE COMMODORE 128
PERSONAL COMPUTER 2-3
CHAPTER II — USING C128 MODE
SECTION 3 — GETTING STARTED IN BASIC 3-3
SECTION 4 - ADVANCED BASIC PROGRAMMING 4-3
SECTION 5 - SOME BASIC COMMANDS AND
KEYBOARD OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO C128 5-3
SECTION 6 - COLOR, ANIMATION AND
SPRITE GRAPHICS 6-3
SECTION 7 - SOUND AND MUSIC IN C128 MODE 7-3
SECTION 8 - USING 80 COLUMNS 8-3
CHAPTER III — USING C64 MODE
SECTION 9 — USING BASIC IN C64 MODE 9-3
SECTION 10 - STORING AND REUSING YOUR
PROGRAMS IN C64 MODE 10-3
CHAPTER IV — CP/M MODE
SECTION 11 - INTRODUCTION TO CP/M 3.0 11 -3
SECTION 12 - FILES, DISKS AND DRIVES IN
CP/M 3.0 12-3
SECTION 13 — USING THE CONSOLE AND PRINTER
IN CP/M 3.0 13-3
SECTION 14 — SUMMARY OF MAJOR
CP/M 3.0 COMMANDS 14-3
SECTION 15 — COMMODORE ENHANCEMENTS TO
CP/M 3.0 15-3

CHAPTER V — BASIC 7.0 ENCYCLOPAE IA
SECTION 16 - INTRODUCTION 16-3
SECTION 17 — BASIC COMMANDS AND
STATEMENTS 17-3
SECTION 18 - BASIC FUNCTIONS 18-3
SECTION 19 - VARIABLES AND OPERATIONS 19-3
SECTION 20 — RESERVED WORDS AND SYMBOLS 20-3
APPEN ICES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
BASIC LANGUAGE ERROR MESSAGES
DOS ERROR MESSAGES
CONNECTORS/PORTS FOR PERIPHERAL
EQUIPMENT
SCREEN DISPLAY CODES
ASCII AND CHR$ CODES
SCREEN AND COLOR MEMORY MAPS
DERIVED MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
MEMORY MAP
CONTROL AND ESCAPE CODES
MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR
BASIC 7.0 ABBREVIATIONS
DISK COMMAND SUMMARY
GLOSSARY
IN EX
GI-1
ln-1

CHAPTER
INTRO UCTION

SECTION 1
How to Use This Guide
1-1

This Commodore 128 System Guide is designed to help yo
make f ll se of the advanced capabilities of the Commodore
128 comp ter.
Before yo read any f rther in this System Guide, make
s re yo have read the other book that comes with yo r
comp ter, the Commodore 128 Personal Computer
Introductory Guide. This introd ctory g ide contains
important information on getting started with the Commodore
128.
If yo are primarily interested in sing the BASIC lang age
to create and r n yo r own programs, yo sho ld read
Chapter II, USING C128 MODE. This chapter introd ces yo
to the BASIC programming lang age as sed in both C128
and C64 modes, describes the Commodore 128 keyboard,
defines some advanced commands yo can se in both
C128 and C64 modes, shows how to se a n mber of
powerf l new BASIC commands (incl ding colo r, graphic
and so nd commands) that are niq e to C128 Mode, and
describes how to se the 80-col mn capabilities available in
C128 Mode.
If yo want to se BASIC in C64 Mode, read Chapter III,
USING C64 MODE.
If yo want to se CP/M on the Commodore 128, read
Chapter IV, USING CP/M MODE. This chapter tells yo how
to start p and se CP/M on the Commodore 128. ln CP/M
yo can choose from tho sands of commercial software
packages, incl ding the PERFECT series (PERFECT
WRITER, PERFECT CALC, PERFECT FILER). Yo can also
create yo r own CP/M programs.
If yo want details on the BASIC 7.0 commands, read
Chapter V, BASIC 7.0 ENCYCLOPAEDIA. This chapter gives
format and sage details on all BASIC 7.0 commands,
statements and f nctions.
If, after reading Chapters I thro gh V, yo are looking for
additional technical information abo t a partic lar
Commodore 128 topic, first check the Appendices to this
1-3

System Guide. These appendices contain a wide range of
information, s ch as a complete list of BASIC and DOS error
messages and a s mmary of disk commands. A Glossary
following the Appendices provides definitions of comp ting
terms.
For complete technical details abo t any feat re of the
Commodore 128, cons lt the Commodore 128 Programmer’s
Reference G ide.
1-4

SECTION 2
Overview of the Commodore
C128 Personal Computer
OVERVIEW OF THE COMMO ORE C128 PERSONAL
COMPUTER ...................................................................................2-3
C128 MODE ............................................................................... 2-3
C64 MODE .................................................................................2-3
CP/M MODE ..............................................................................2-4
SWITCHING BETWEEN MO ES ...............................................2-5
2-1

OVERVIEW OF THE COMMO ORE C 128 PERSONAL
COMPUTER
The Commodore 128 Personal Comp ter offers three primary
operating modes:
* C128 Mode
* C64 Mode
* CP/M Mode
C128 Mode
ln C128 Mode, the Commodore 128 Personal Comp ter provides
access to 128K of RAM and a powerf l extended BASIC
lang age known as BASIC 7.0. BASIC 7.0 offers over 140
commands, statements and f nctions. C128 Mode also provides
both 40 and 80 col mn o tp t and f ll se of the 92-key
keyboard. A b ilt-in machine lang age monitor allows yo to
create and deb g yo r own machine lang age programs, ln
C128 Mode yo can se a n mber of new peripheral devices
from Commodore, incl ding a new fast serial disk drive (the
1571), a mo se, and a 40/80 col mn composite video/RGBI
monitor (the 1901). Yo can also se all standard Commodore
serial peripherals.
C64 Mode
ln C64 Mode, the Commodore 128 operates exactly like a
Commodore 64 comp ter, allowing yo to take f ll advantage of
the wide range of available C64 software. Yo also have f ll
compatibility with all C64 peripherals.
C64 Mode provides the BASIC 2.0 lang age, 40 col mn o tp t
and access to 64K of RAM.
CP/M Mode
ln CP/M Mode, an onboard Z80 microprocessor gives yo all the
capabilities of Digital Research’s CP/M Pl s version 3.0, pl s
several new capabilities added by Commodore. The Commodore
128’s CP/M package, called CP/M Pl s, provides 128K of RAM,
40 and 80 col mn o tp t, access to the f ll keyboard, incl ding
the n meric keypad and special keys, and access to the new
Commodore 1571 fast serial disk drive as well as standard serial
peripherals.
2-2

Chapters II, III and IV, which incl de Sections 3 thro gh 15, tell
yo how to access and se the capabilities of the three powerf l
and versatile operating modes of the Commodore 128 Personal
Comp ter.
Switching Between Modes
The following chart tells yo how to switch to one mode from
another.
NOTE: If yo are sing a Commodore 1901 d al monitor,
remember to move the video switch on the monitor from
COMPOSITE or SEPARATED to RGBI when switching from 40
col mn to 80 col mn display. Reverse this step when switching
from 80 to 40 col mns.
2-4

MODE SWITCHING CHART
TO OFF C128
40 COL
FROM
C128
80 COL C64 CP/M 40 COL CP/M
80 COL
C128
1. Check that 1. Press
ESC key; 1 .Check that 1. Check that 1. Check that
40 COL 40/80
key is release.
40/80 key is
40/80 key is UP.
40/80 key is UP.
UP. 2. Press
X key. UP. 2. Turn computer 2. Turn computer
2. Turn computer
OR 2
Turn computer OFF, then O . OFF, then O .
O . 1. Check that OFF, then O .
40/80 key is
UP.
2. Press RESET
button.
C128
1. Press
40/80 1. Press
ESC !.3y; 1. Press
40/80* 1. Press 40/80 key 1. Check that
80 COL
key DOW . release. key DOW . DOW .
40/80 key is
2. Turn computer 2. Press
X key. 2. Turn computer 2. Remove CP/M DOW .
O
OR OFF, then O system disk from 2. Remove CP/M
1Press
40/80
drive, if system disk from
key DOW . necessary. drive, if
2. Press RESET
3 .Turn computer necessary.
button. OFF, then O .
3 .Turn computer
OFF, then O .
C64 1. Hold
o key 1. Type
GO 64;
1. Type
GO 64;
1. Turn computer 1. Turn computer
DOW . press RETURN.
press RETURN
OFF. OFF.
2. Turn computer 2. The computer 2. The computer
! 2. Check that
40/ 2. Check that
40/
O . responds: responds: 80 key is UP.
80 key is UP.
OR ARE YOU SURE? ARE YOU SURE? 3
.Hold DOW
O3
.Hold DOW o
1. Insert C
64
Type Y; press Type Y; press key while turning key while turning
cartridge.
RETURN. RETURN.
computer O . computer O .
2. Turn computer
OR OR
O . 1. Turn computer 1. Turn computer
OFF. OFF.
2. Insert C
64
2. Insert C 64
cartridge. cartridge.
; 3 .Turn power O .
3 .Turn power O .
CP/M
1. Turn disk drive 1. Turn disk drive 1. Turn disk drive
1 Check that 1. Insert CP/M
40 COL
O . O . O .
40/80 key is utilities disk in
2. Insert CP/M 2. Insert CP/M 2. Insert CP/M UP drive.
system disk in system disk in system disk in 2 Turn disk drive 2. At screen
drive drive. drive. O . prompt,
A> type:
3 .Check that 3 . Check that
3 .Check that
3 .Insert CP/M DEVICECO OUT: =
40 C 0 L
40/80 key is 40/80 key is
40/80 key is system disk in
3 .Press
RETURN.
UP. UP. UP. drive.
4 .Turn computer 4
Type: BOOT 4
.Type:
BOOT 4
Turn computer
O .
5 . Press RETURN 5
. Press RETURN
OFF, then O .
CP/M
1. Turn disk drive 1. Turn disk drive 1. Turn disk drive 1 .Press
40/80 I
1 - Insert CP/M
80 COL
O . O . O . key DOW . utilities disk in
2. Insert CP/M 2. Insert CP/M 2. Insert CP/M
2 .Turn disk drive drive.
system disk in system disk in system disk in O . ! 2. At screen
drive. drive. drive. 3 Insert CP/M prompt,
A> type:
3 .Press
40/80 3
.Press
40/80 3
.Check that system disk in DEVICE CO OUT
=80 COL
key DOW . key DOW .
40/80 key is drive.
3 .Press
RETURN.
4 .Turn computer 4 .Type:
BOOT
DOW . 4 Turn computer
O .
5 .Press
RETURN 4
.Type:
BOOT
OFF, then O .
5 . Press RETURN
NOTE: If you are using a Commodore 1902 dual monitor, remember to move the video
switch on the monitor from COMPOSITE or SEPARATE to RGBI when switching from
40-column to 80-column display; reverse this step when switching from 80 to 40
columns. Also, when switching between modes remove any cartridges from the
expansion port and any disks from the disk drive.
2-5

CHAPTER
USING C128 MO E