Cubic Validator 3 User manual

Operations Manual
For Validator 3 Product
Document Number: 8800-45001
Revision: A
Date: 06 Oct 2022

06 Oct 2022
This document contains proprietary and confidential information originated or owned by Cubic. Neither this document nor the
information disclosed herein shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents or used or disclosed to others for
manufacturing or any other purposes except as specifically authorized in writing by Cubic.
8800-45001.A
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Proprietary Notice
The information disclosed herein contains proprietary rights of Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc. (Cubic).
Neither this document nor the information disclosed herein shall be reproduced or transferred to other
documents. Nor shall the information be used or disclosed to others for manufacturing or any other purposes
except as specifically authorized in writing by Cubic.
Copyright©2022 Cubic Corporation. All rights reserved.
TRADEMARKS
Cubic®is a registered trademark of Cubic Corporation.
All other product and service names mentioned herein are the service marks, trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective companies or owners.
The Cubic Validator-3 (FCC ID LVCVAL3LTE and IC ID 4387A-VAL3LTE) contains FCC IDs: LVCTR04,
VPYLBEE5HY1MW and RI7LE910CXNF.
It contains IC IDs: 4387A-TR04, 772C-LBEE5HY1MW and 5131A-LE910CXNF.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION NOTICES
The following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) notices apply:
1. The user is cautioned that changes or modifications to the Validator 3 that are not expressly
approved by Cubic could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
2. “NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference won’t occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.”
2a. “Cet équipement a été testé et déclaré conforme aux limites d'un appareil numérique de classe B,
conformément à la partie 15 des règles de la FCC. Ces limites sont conçues pour fournir une protection
raisonnable contre les interférences nuisibles dans une installation résidentielle. Cet équipement génère des
utilisations et peut émettre de l'énergie de radiofréquence et, s'il n'est pas installé et utilisé conformément aux
instructions, peut causer des interférences nuisibles aux communications radio. Cependant, il n'y a aucune
garantie que des interférences ne se produiront pas dans une installation particulière. Si cet équipement
cause des interférences nuisibles à la réception radio ou télévision, ce qui peut être déterminé en éteignant et
en rallumant l'équipement, l'utilisateur est encouragé à essayer de corriger l'interférence par l'une des
mesures suivantes :
- Réorientez ou déplacez l'antenne de réception.
- Augmenter la distance entre l'équipement et le récepteur.

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- Branchez l'équipement sur une prise d'un circuit différent de celui sur lequel le récepteur est branché.
- Consultez le revendeur ou un technicien radio/TV expérimenté pour obtenir de l'aide.”
3. “This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.”
Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc.
9233 Balboa Avenue
San Diego, CA
92123
USA

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information disclosed herein shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents or used or disclosed to others for
manufacturing or any other purposes except as specifically authorized in writing by Cubic.
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REVISION STATUS
Revision Date Description
A 06 Oct 2022 Initial release
Document approved for release by:
Author
Ryan Wilcox
Senior Technical Training Manager
Dana Sanderlin
Senior Principal Software Engineer Lead
Tony Mazzola
Senior Director Enterprise Software
Vasilios Tsourapas

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manufacturing or any other purposes except as specifically authorized in writing by Cubic.
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 SAFETY......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 VALIDATOR................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 User Interface................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.1.2 Device Communications ................................................................................................ 2-3
2.1.3 Power Management....................................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.4Software Design............................................................................................................. 2-4
2.1.5 Security .......................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.1.6 Specifications................................................................................................................. 2-5
3. OPERATING PROCEDURES................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 CONTACTLESS MEDIA................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 AUDIO FEEDBACK AND DISPLAY INDICATORS....................................................................... 3-2
3.3 VALIDATOR SCREENS AND INDICATORS................................................................................ 3-2
3.3.1 In Service Screen........................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.2 Out of Service Screen - Issue ........................................................................................ 3-3
3.3.3 Fare Paid Screen ........................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.4 Denied Screens.............................................................................................................. 3-3
3.3.5 Denied – Invalid Card Screen ........................................................................................ 3-5
3.3.6 Warning Screens............................................................................................................ 3-6
4. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES...................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 CLEANING MATERIALS............................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE................................................................................ 4-2
4.2.1 Visual Inspection............................................................................................................ 4-3
4.2.2 Cleaning ......................................................................................................................... 4-3
Figures
Figure 2-1.Validator.......................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Figure 2-2. Validator Display............................................................................................................................ 2-2
Figure 3-1. Using a Wearable Device and Smart Card Examples................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-2. Valid Transaction Example............................................................................................................ 3-1
Figure 3-3. In Service Screen Example........................................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-4. In-Service No EMV Example......................................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-5. Out of Service Screen Example .................................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-6. Fare Paid Screen........................................................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-7. Not Accepted Screen Example...................................................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-8. Card Expired Screen Example...................................................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-9. Invalid Card Screen Example........................................................................................................ 3-5
Figure 3-10. Insufficient Balance Screen Example.......................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-11. Pass Expired Screen Example.................................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-12. Tap Again Screen Example......................................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-13. Present One Card Screen Example............................................................................................ 3-7
Figure 3-14. Card Already Read Screen Example .......................................................................................... 3-7

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Tables
Table 2-1. Design Life and Reliability .............................................................................................................. 2-6
Table 4-1. Cleaning Materials List ................................................................................................................... 4-1
Table 4-2. Schedule......................................................................................................................................... 4-2

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manufacturing or any other purposes except as specifically authorized in writing by Cubic.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
Cubic Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc.
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSC Contactless Smart Card
D-PAS Discover Payment Application Specification
EMV Europay, MasterCard, Visa
ISO International Organization for Standards
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
MAC Message Authentication Code
MCBF Mean Cycles Between Failures
PCI Payment Card Industry
PCI PTS Payment Card Industry PIN Transaction Security
PMU Power Management Unit
RAM Random Access Memory
RTC Real Time Clock
SD Secure Digital
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory
SRED Secure Reading and Exchange of Data
TCH Transit Control Head
USB Universal Serial Bus
VDC Volts, direct current
VLU Vehicle Logic Unit

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1-1
1. INTRODUCTION
This manual provides operation procedures for the Validator 3 product. It is intended for use by authorized
transit personnel and contains equipment descriptions, operational instructions, and preventive maintenance
procedures.
1.1 SAFETY
Throughout this manual WARNING, CAUTION and NOTE graphics are used to highlight areas where special
attention must be used. Warnings and Cautions are used to highlight procedures or activities that may cause
injury or death to personnel and possible damage to equipment. Notes are used to provide special
instructions and clarification for procedures. Examples of each graphic are provided below.
WARNING
Operating procedures or practices cited to prevent the following
operational or maintenance procedural step from causing serious
injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
Operation procedures or practices cited to prevent the following
operational or maintenance procedural step from causing injury to
personnel or damage to equipment.
NOTE
An amplifying or explanatory comment related to procedural steps
or text.

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2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
This chapter provides detailed information on the validator features and function.
2.1 VALIDATOR
Customers seeking to board a vehicle pay their fare by simply presenting contactless media at the validator,
shown in Figure 2-1. The location on the validator where the customer presents their media is instantly
recognizable with graphics and messaging shown on the display. The customer can either tap or bring the
media close to the display for processing.
Figure 2-1.Validator
Depending on the media type presented, the validator begins reading when the contactless media is
approximately 1.9 inches from the display. When the media has been successfully read, the display on the
validator provides a visual indication that the media has been read successfully.
Upon a successful read, all authentication and local validation actions are performed automatically by the
validator.
The validator contains a Point of Interaction (POI) device that is a highly secure Level 1/Level 2 compliant
contactless payment reader for the processing of open loop contactless payment media and closed loop
proximity smart cards.
The device can read and process a wide variety of International Organization for Standards (ISO) 14443
compliant smartcards and portable devices employing Near Field Communications (NFC) technology such as
NFC phones and smart wearables.
The validator components include the following:
•Liquid crystal display (LCD)
•A fast, low power central processing unit (CPU)
•Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM)
•Flash memory
•Serial input/output (I/O) port
•Battery

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•Audio and speaker module
•Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces
•Ethernet port interface
•Bluetooth®interface
The validator uses the Linux operating system and can be installed in several types of station level
equipment.
2.1.1 User Interface
The user interface is the traveler presenting media and the device giving an audio and visual response. The
components involved are the display, the POI device and the audio output.
2.1.1.1 Display
The display provides full graphic screens that include information and transaction feedback to the Traveler. In
addition, it is also capable of displaying video files. See Figure 2-2. Display features include:
•Integrated 5-inch full color, sunlight-readable display.
•Visible across all normal lighting conditions, including day and night operation.
•Visual indicator to designate the presentation area and the transaction results, as well as
messages such as an indication of a valid tap or of a low account balance.
•LCD transmissive mode display, viewable from 0 to 45 degrees on either side.
•Variable brightness and backlighting under software control. The design includes using ambient
light data from a sensor to control the brightness level so that it is appropriate for the environment.
Figure 2-2. Validator Display
2.1.1.2 POI Device
The POI device is a secure contactless card reader that provides the Traveler interface for transacting with
smart media.
It supports card initialization (wake-up), anti-collision, authentication, media selection, and read/write functions
for the following media types:
•EMV approved contactless payment cards

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•MasterCard®M/Chip
•Visa®Contactless Payment Specification (VCPS)
•American Express®ExpressPay
•Discover®Network (D-PAS)
•MIFARE DESFire™ EV1, EV2
•MIFARE Classic™
•MIFARE Ultralight C™, MIFARE Ultralight™
•MIFARE Plus™
2.1.1.3 Audio Output
The validator has one speaker below the center of validator which plays audio tones corresponding to valid
and invalid taps.
Characteristics of the audio interface include the following:
•One weather-resistant speaker emits audio tones or voice instructions using wav resource files.
•Tone frequency and duration is software configurable through substitution of audio resource files.
•Audio volume is software adjustable and is capable of 70dB at maximum from 1 meter away.
The validator can communicate with an existing vehicle logic unit (VLU) / Transit Control Head (TCH) using
the available connectivity, like Ethernet RJ-45.
2.1.2 Device Communications
The device sends and receives information through ports and wireless communication.
2.1.2.1 Ethernet
The validator provides an RJ-45 connection for provision of 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet. Ethernet is routed
from the host device through the Personality Module to the POI device. Within the Personality Module, any
power from a power over Ethernet supply is taken off before passing the Ethernet signals to the POI device
via an adapter cable.
2.1.2.2 Bluetooth
Bluetooth connectivity is provided for configuration and diagnostics. The validator supports:
•Bluetooth 5
•Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
2.1.2.3 Serial
The validator provides a serial output via RS-485.
2.1.2.4 USB
The validator has two internal USB 2.0 connectors, which are intended for use during setup, maintenance and
are not available while pole mounted.

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2.1.3 Power Management
The Power Management Unit (PMU) is a logical component that performs all power monitoring, conditioning
and control within the validator. The validator further filters and fuses the onboard power and provides a surge
protection circuit in case of unwanted spikes in voltage.
Validator power is derived from the onboard power system of the bus battery. Voltage can range from 8 to 36
Volts, direct current (VDC) nominally, while during some ignition or cold start events there may be transients
of up to 60V. The validator is designed to run in the above range as well as handle any voltage spikes that
may occur.
2.1.3.1 Battery
The Validator contains 2 super-capacitors which provide sufficient hold-up to allow for a safe shutdown during
unexpected power loss.
A lithium coin cell is used within the validator for Real Time Clock (RTC) power.
The persistent data (e.g., audit registers) is saved to the flash, which theoretically has unlimited storage
duration when powered down. The keys and RTC are backed up by the lithium coin cell battery.
The validator monitors the coin cell battery voltage. If the voltage falls under a warning threshold, a coin cell
battery low event is generated to indicate that the coin cell battery needs to be replaced.
2.1.3.2 Power Loss
To protect the validator against corruption during a period of power loss, the validator includes
supercapacitors that hold power for 5 seconds. A microcontroller monitors external power to ensure the
device is aware of the power failure and able to power down safely. After a main power loss, the validator
powers down under 5 seconds.
2.1.4 Software Design
The validator application software implements the following tasks:
•Business rules
•Back Office connectivity
•User interface
•Configuration
The validator calculates the required fare, deducts the correct fare from the stored value or stored rides on the
card, and re-encodes the remaining value or number of rides to the card. If a transit pass is on the card, the
Validator validates the transit pass and re-encodes the usage information on the card.
Transactions are stored in the unit and transmitted to the Back Office. The customer is immediately notified of
fare status via the display and audible alerts.
The validators receive date/time synchronization on a regular basis from the Back Office to which it
communicated with in real time via Ethernet or Wi-Fi. The validator also receives the appropriate software
configuration from the Back Office.
2.1.4.1 Transaction Records and Storage
The validator generates and stores transaction records for each transaction performed and can store at least
30 days of payment transactions and risk mitigation lists. In the event of communications failure, transaction
data is held in non-volatile flash until communications are restored and the data is uploaded to the Back

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Office. Critical transaction data is also duplicated on a Secure Digital (SD) card which can be put in another
device in the repair shop to send data in the event of communication failures.
2.1.5 Security
The validator is capable of being certified as a component of Payment Card Industry PIN Transaction Security
(PCI PTS) –POI 5.0. The external interface compliant with the PCI PTS provides transaction encryption and
key management protocols. The following features of the validator are designed to meet compliance with the
PCI PTS.
•Remotely applies operating system patches.
•Destroys Contactless Smart Card (CSC) keys when the reader enclosure is opened. Note that the
validator contains the reader module (POI device), which contains the CSC keys. When this reader
module is opened, the keys are lost. To open it, you first must remove it completely from the
validator. Simply removing the rear cover of the validator does not destroy the keys.
•Prevents any unauthorized access to the transaction data.
•Does not store/transmit/display/print any sensitive data including, but not limited to, personal
account numbers.
•Only installs software from the Back Office when that software has Message Authentication Code
(MAC) that verifies immediately prior to the installation.
2.1.5.1 Software and Configuration Updates
The validator software, as well as configuration, is downloaded from the Back Office. The software and
configuration updates have version numbers as well as effective dates and times. The devices verify the
integrity of the downloaded package before proceeding with the upgrade. An upgrade can either be
immediate or based on an effective date and time.
2.1.6 Specifications
This section shows the design specifications of the Validator 3.
2.1.6.1 Physical Design
The physical design of the validator is:
•Dimensions—Width 6.88-inches, height 9.05-inches
•Depth— validator only 3.9-inches
•Weight—3.3 lbs. (The pole mount weighs 1.1 lbs.)
2.1.6.2 Processor
•Processor: Quad Core 1 GHz Cortex
2.1.6.3 Memory and Storage
•System memory consists of:
Random Access Memory (RAM): 2 gigabytes
Storage 32 gigabytes with 16 gigabytes available at a time (A/B side)
•Expansion Memory:

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Expansion port 2 USB 2.0 (not available while pole mounted) Serial RS232/RS485
(software selectable); Micro SD card for additional memory capacity
2.1.6.4 Temperature and Humidity
The temperature and humidity design targets are:
•Humidity range of 10 to 97 percent, non-condensing relative humidity
•Temperature range of -16.6 °F to 149 °F operating with solar load from direct sunlight through bus
window and -22 °F to 176 °F storage
2.1.6.5 Startup Time
Cold boot—From application of power to validator ready is less than two minutes.
2.1.6.6 Design Life and Reliability
Design life and reliability are described in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Design Life and Reliability
Item Description
Design Life Validator components are designed to support a usable life of 12 years or greater.
Mean Cycles Between
Failure Mean cycles between failures (MCBF) is no less than 75,000 if maintenance guidelines are followed. Failures connected with mishandling, vandalism, and
misuse are not covered within the MCBF figure.
Mean Time to
Remove/Replace The Mean Time to Remove and Replace (MTTR) the validator is less than 7 minutes.
2.1.6.7 Security and PCI Compliance
The inside of the validator is only accessible when it is removed from the pole it is mounted on. The validator
is locked to the pole-mount by a high security Medeco lock. All data is securely retained in the validator, which
is PCI compliant. The secure module reader used in the validator is:
•Secure Reading and Exchange of Data (SRED) compliant with the POI security standard.
•Certified to PCI PTS standard for POI devices.
The keys are stored on a tamper resistant area of the POI device reader within the validator and are injected
in a secure facility at the Cubic Manufacturing Facility in Tullahoma, TN.
2.1.6.8 Entry Validation Transaction Time
The design for the transaction time from properly presented media to response on the validator display is less
than 500 microseconds. Reading and processing of the media has the greatest variability because of the
different form factors and implementations.

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3-1
3. OPERATING PROCEDURES
This chapter provides screen examples and descriptions for operating a validator.
3.1 CONTACTLESS MEDIA
Travelers boarding a vehicle or subway pay their fare by presenting contactless media to the validator. The
Traveler can either tap or position the media close to the area below the display for processing. Figure 3-1
illustrates a Traveler presenting media to a validator on a bus, using a wearable/mobile device and using a
smart card.
Figure 3-1. Using a Wearable Device and Smart Card Examples
Depending on the media type presented, the validator begins reading when the contactless media is
approximately 1.9 inches from the display. When the media has been read successfully, the display provides
a visual indication to the Traveler. An example is shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2. Valid Transaction Example
The result of the transaction displays for 3 seconds. While the results screen displays, the validator is ready to
accept the next tap and does not have to wait for the Idle Screen to display. If there is another tap within the
3 seconds, the screen blanks momentarily to indicate the change.

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3.2 AUDIO FEEDBACK AND DISPLAY INDICATORS
In addition to the screen display, the validator provides audio feedback in the form of a “Good” tone, “Bad”
tone or “Warning” tone depending on the transaction results.
3.3 VALIDATOR SCREENS AND INDICATORS
This section provides information and examples for the validator screens and audio. The text in the screens is
configurable and may change per the transit agency’s discretion.
NOTE
When the validator starts up after a reboot or power off, note the
state on the display. The display stays OFF for a period of up to 60
seconds, showing a black screen with a red X and the NOT IN
SERVICE text.
3.3.1 In Service Screen
When the validator is in service, the In Service screen displays with a black background and white text as
shown in Figure 3-3. If it is in service, but cannot process EMV cards it displays with a card, as shown in
Figure 3-4. The screen contains both a visual graphic and text message prompting the Traveler to tap their
contactless fare media to the validator. The display is black when In Service with a white triangle and “Tap
below” text.
Figure 3-3. In Service Screen Example
Figure 3-4. In-Service No EMV Example

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3-3
3.3.2 Out of Service Screen - Issue
When an issue or condition occurs that renders the validator out of service, the validator informs the Traveler
of this by displaying the Out of Service screen. The black screen contains an X with the text message “Out of
service”. There is no tone associated with the Out of Service screen.
An example of the Out of Service screen is shown in Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-5. Out of Service Screen Example
3.3.3 Fare Paid Screen
If the validator is in service and the fare media presented is valid, the validator displays the Fare Paid screen
shown in Figure 3-6. The screen has a checkmark and a “good” tone sounds.
Figure 3-6. Fare Paid Screen
3.3.4 Denied Screens
There are various reasons that may cause media to be denied. There are specific screens that display along
with a “bad” tone.

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3.3.4.1 Not Accepted Screen
If the fare media presented is not valid on this device the validator displays the Not Accepted screen,as
shown in Figure 3-7. The black screen contains an X, signifying a negative result, and the text message “Not
accepted”. A “bad” tone sounds and the media is denied. The fare media may be invalid for various reasons
including being rendered as such by the Back Office.
Figure 3-7. Not Accepted Screen Example
3.3.4.2 Card Expired Screen
If the validity period for the fare media presented has expired, the validator displays the Card Expired screen
as shown in Figure 3-8. The black screen contains an X signifying a negative result, and the text message
“Card has expired”. A “bad” tone sounds and the media is denied.
Figure 3-8. Card Expired Screen Example