CWT Vulcan S10 Installation and operation manual

Against Scale and Rust
Technology - Applications - Installation
Made in Germany
Training Book

Table of Contents
I. Hard Water and the Scale and Rust Problem
1. The Scale and Rust Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 What is Limescale? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 The Formation of Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Changes of water pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.2 Increase of water temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Problems caused by Scale and Rust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.1 Rust - the common problem with scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.2 Bacterial growth - the side effect of scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
II. Vulcan - Information and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Vulcan - Your Electronic Anti-Scale System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Quick Info. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 The Vulcan full Acrylic Cast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 The Vulcan Impulse Bands... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5
2.4 Quality Indicators - 12 Reasons why Vulcan is so good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5 German Quality Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. The Vulcan Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.1 1st Vulcan effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.2 2nd Vulcan effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 Electronic Scale Protection - The 3 Vulcan Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The removal of scale = the removal of rust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The removal of scale = the removal of bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.3 3rd Vulcan effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Physical Water Treatment - How it works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
3.2.1 The Vulcan impulse field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
3.2.2 Two natural phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
a) Separation of Ca(HCO3)2 by controlled electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
b) Separation of Ca(HCO3)2 by overtone treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
4. External Factors and their Influence on the Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1 The Time Factor ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...12
4.2 The Distance Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
4.3 The Combination Factors: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...13
Temperature - Pressure - Type of heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
4.4 The Water Quality Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4.1 High concentration of iron (Fe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4.2 High concentration of manganese (Mn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4.3 High concentration of salts - (Cl, PO, NO3, SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4.4 Very high concentration of calcium (Ca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4.5 Swimming pool water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
5. Product Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 Vulcan vs. Water Softeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
5.2 Vulcan vs. Magnetic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

III. Application Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Private Applications: Vulcan in your Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 The benefits in your private home - Protection for the piping system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
6.2 Kitchens, kitchen appliances, bathroom: Dishwashers, washing machines, bathrooms fittings, etc. . . . . . .20
6.3 Gardening and Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
6.4 A healthier Lifestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
6.5 Swimming Pools and Jacuzzis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
6.6 Heating and Solar Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
6.7 Vulcan and Reverse Osmosis Filters (RO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.8 Vulcan and Water Softeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.9 Vulcan and Well / Bore-wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
6.10 Saving Money with Vulcan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...23
Money savings in your private home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7. Commercial and Industrial Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
7.1 Condominiums and Large Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
7.2 Educational Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
7.3 Swimming Pools and Spas ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...24
7.4 Hospitality: Hotels, Restaurants, Cafés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
7.
5 Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Residences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.6 Agriculture: Plants, Livestock, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
7.7 Industrial Applications... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...25
7.8 Maritime Applications ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...25
7.9 Poultry Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
7.10 Farming Applications ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...26
7.11 Ice Rinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
7.12 Naval Ships ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...26
7.13 Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.14 Supermarkets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.15 Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.16 Yachts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...27
8. Commercial and Industrial Applications: Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1 Facility Management ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...28
8.2 The Piping System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
a) Reduction of scale deposits in the piping system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
b) New scale-formation is stopped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
c) Corrosion protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
d) Increased water pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
e) Vulcan minimizes rust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
f) Vulcan minimizes bacterial growth in pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.3 Technical Appliances... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...28
Water heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Heating systems regain full performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Solar water heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Cooling towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.4 Vulcan in Hotels & Restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Cleaner bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Kitchen and kitchen appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Cleaner dishwashers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...29
Laundry and washing machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Grease traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Gardening and irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Reverse osmosis filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Spas, swimming pools and jacuzzis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
8.5 A healthier Lifestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
9. The Commercial and Industrial Applications: Savings Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9.1 Monthly Savings in Large Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
9.2 Increase the Efficiency of the Heating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
9.3 Your Hotel Operation – Some Cost Saving Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
9.4 Throw out that expensive Water Softeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
9.5 Savings in Machinery Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
10. Vulcan and its Effect on Machinery and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10.1 Heating and Heat Exchangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
10.2 Grease Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.3 Ice Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
10.4 Solar Water Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
10.5 Snow Production... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...34
10.6 Cooling Towers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
10.7 Reverse Osmosis Systems (RO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
10.8 Vulcan and Water Softeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
10.9 Savings Potential in Machinery Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
IV. Installation and FAQs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11. Vulcan Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.1 Choosing the right Vulcan Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
11.1.1 The pipe diameter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...37
11.1.2 The water capacity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...38
11.2 Choosing the right Installation Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
11.2.1 Installation in a private house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
11.2.2 Installation in apartment buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
11.2.3 Installation in commercial & industrial settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
11.2.4 Installation in circulation lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
11.3 Factors influencing the Installation Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
11.3.1 Electric power fields and magnetic fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
11.3.2 Position of pumps and filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
11.3.3 Piping conditions of the installation area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Protective paint ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...40
Isolation material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Metallic splinters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...40
Piping temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
11.3.4 Outdoor installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
11.4 Quick Guide: Do-It-Yourself-Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
11.4.1 Notes on the installation and examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
11.4.2 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

11.4.3 Installation instructions for the Private Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
11.4.4 Installation instructions for the Commercial & Industrial Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
The CWT Impulse Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
11.4.5 Technical drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
12. Setting the Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
12.1 Commercial Line - Vulcan S10, Vulcan S25, Vulcan S100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
13 Installation Check List ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .46
14. FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
14.1 The Piping System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
14.2 The Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
14.3 Installation and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
14.4 Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
14.5 Trouble Shooting... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...50
V. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
15. Water Hardness Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
16. Technical Data Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
17. Application Flyer Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
18. Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1
Introduction
Physical water treatment has over the years successfully proven to be
an efcient method to improve the quality of our water without adding
chemicals or salt. Nowadays, it has become even more important to
capitalize on technologies which do not harm our environment but
rather try to create an optimal balance between man and nature.
Vulcan is based on such a technology and is the result of over thirty
years of constant research and improvements in the eld of physical
water treatment by Christiani Wassertechnik GmbH (CWT). Our latest
product generation continues to provide you with reliable German
quality combined with an extensive warranty.
Christiani Wassertechnik GmbH (CWT)
Köpenicker Str. 154
10997 Berlin
Germany
From USA/Canada
Phone: [phone] - 0494
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.vulcan-descaler.com
From other countries
Phone: +49 (0)30 - 23 60 77 80
Fax: +49 (0)30 - 23 60 77 810
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.cwt-international.com
© Copyright:
Permission is granted to copy or print material
published in this book, for personal use only. Its
use for any other purpose, and in particular its
commercial use or distribution, are strictly forbidden
in the absence of prior written approval.
Any content is not allowed to be translated into
other languages. It is not allowed to detach the
binding or pages from the book. It is also forbidden
to add pages. Please address your requests for
approval to the above address.
EN 11-2013

2
1. The Scale and Rust Problem
1. The Scale and Rust Problem
1.1 What is Limescale?
Scale mainly consists of calcium and magnesium - two minerals that by
themselves have a healthy effect on the human body. However, what is
good for living organisms quickly becomes a scale problem as it deposits
in the piping system, in machinery or on surfaces outside the piping
system. So-called hard water holds high concentrations of calcium: the
more calcium in the water, the harder the water and more problems.
1.2 The Formation of Scale
Scale builds up whenever hard water ows through a pipe. Liquid
calcium in untreated water crystallizes into a sticky structure (pic. 1).
These crystals adhere to each other, adhere to surfaces and immediately
produce solid scale deposits that have a very destructive effect.
1.2.1 Changes of water pressure
Scale grows in particular when the water pressure changes. This
happens when water changes direction in a bend or intersection which
then causes turbulence; or when it leaves the piping system through a
faucet. This drop in pressure enhances the formation of calcium crystals,
which form a sticky structure that deposits anywhere.
1.2.2 Increase of water temperature
Scale also particularly forms when the water temperature inside the
system increases such as on heating elements or in radiators. The hotter
the surfaces, the more scale problems will develop. These problems can
specically be found on heating elements, with water heaters and heat
exchangers.
I. Hard Water and the Scale and Rust Problem
pic. 1

3
1. The Scale and Rust Problem
1.3 Problems caused by Scale and Rust
• Blocked piping system
• Loss of water pressure due to a reduced pipe diameter
• Rust accumulation in the pipes that may lead to corrosion
• Bacterial growth in drinking water carrying pipes
• Repeated repairs or replacement of household appliances
• Replacement of the whole piping system
• Loss of energy in the hot water circuit and high costs for heating
• Dull surfaces in bathroom and kitchen
• High cleaning costs and the need of aggressive cleaning agents
• Malfunctioning machinery
• High production costs due to maintenance
• Long pauses in production when machinery has to be maintained
and cleaned leading to inefcient production planning
• Decrease in productivity
1.3.1 Rust - the common problem with scale
Unfortunately, scale deposits also attract other unwanted substances
which again create even more problems and threats: The main
components of scale are calcium and magnesium. This would lead us
to believe that scale deposits have a white color. However, most scale
deposits are brown. As soon as scale deposits built up, all iron and
oxidized iron particles imbed into the scale. This also means that rust is
rmly attached to the pipe which causes a serious threat to the pipe by
pitting corrosion.
1.3.2 Bacterial growth - the side effect of scale
Scale deposits are also perfect breeding ground for bacteria and other
unwanted micro-organisms. As the deposits have an uneven, rough
surface, these little sockets are a perfect hide-out for bacteria to nest
in. Whether in cold or hot water, you will always face an increase in
potentially dangerous bacteria growth on the scale.
Water heater Washing machine heating element
Heat exchanger
Tube heat exchanger Plate heat exchanger
Pipe with scale deposits

4
2. Vulcan - Your Electronic Anti-Scale System
The salt-free alternative to water softeners
Vulcan is an eco-friendly water treatment system that
protects your piping system and appliances against
scale deposits and rust. The Vulcan-Impulse-
Technology is based on the principle of physical water
treatment. Special electronic impulses change the
crystallization process of the liquid calcium. This way
the hard scale loses its adhesive power. The technology
works exclusively with capacitive electric impulses: no
use of any salt or chemicals.
• The eco-friendly solution against scale problems
• No use of salt or chemicals
• Suitable for pipe diameters from 1/2“ to 20“
(~10-500 mm)
• Fully cast in acrylic for optimal quality endurance
• Do-it-Yourself installation without cutting the pipes
• Works on every pipe material – iron, inox, copper,
stainless steel, galvanized iron, plastic, PVC, PE-x,
hose, compound pipes (any material mixture), etc.
2.2 The Vulcan full Acrylic Cast
The special Vulcan acrylic cast guarantees the best
quality. Vulcan is especially designed for use in humid,
wet, very cold or very hot areas.
The acrylic cast ensures that the circuit board is
protected. The parts are fully covered in acrylic.
Therefore the parts can not move and are xed in place.
This guarantees a high life expectancy.
It protects the unit from humidity, e.g. when
installed outdoor. The full body acrylic cast protects
from dust and dirt, e.g. when installed in a basement.
The full body acrylic cast protects against heat and
coldness as acrylic is a perfect isolating material. E.g.
when installed in extremely hot areas with outdoor
temperature up to 45-50°C (~113 - 122 °F) or in very cold
temperatures down to -25°C (~-13°F).
The acrylic cast ensures a very long product life. The
Vulcan‘s solid acrylic isolating material ensures
that the electronic components are perfectly isolated
from the inside as well. The most common cause of
a malfunction in electronic devices is a burn-out on
the circuit board due to excessively high operating
temperatures. The thick acrylic covering together
with the vacuum prevents heat production. This
"cooling" of the unit ensures a long life.
II. Vulcan - Information and Technology
2. Vulcan - Your Electronic Anti-Scale System
2.1 Quick Info