Cyclades Access Router Cyclades-PR2000 User manual

Cyclades-PR2000
High Performance Access Router
Installation Guide
Cyclades Corporation

Cyclades-PR2000 Installation Guide
Revision 1.2– September 1999
Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1998 - 1999
We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no
responsibility, financial or otherwise, for any consequences from the use of this Installation Guide.
This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation, who reserves the right to make improvements or
changes in the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time
and without notice to any person of such revision or change. The menu options described in this
manual correspond to version 1.8.0 of CyROS.
All brand and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective holders.
FCC Warning Statement:
The Cyclades-PR2000 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital
devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user is required to correct the problem at his or her own expense.
Canadian DOC Notice:
The Cyclades-PR2000 does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital
apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.
Le Cyclades-PR2000 n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux
appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique
edicté par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.

Table of Contents
PR2000 Installation Guide 1
Table of Contents
READ THIS BEFORE YOU START .............................................................................4
How to use this Installation Guide.............................................................................4
Cyclades technical support and contact information ...............................................5
About the PR2000 ......................................................................................................6
1INSTALLING THE PR2000 ....................................................................................7
In this Chapter............................................................................................................7
1.1 Identifying the PR2000 components .............................................................7
1.2 The PR2000 back panel.................................................................................8
1.3 Connecting the configuration Console.........................................................9
1.4 Connecting the Ethernet LAN interface ......................................................11
2TURNING THE PR2000 ON.................................................................................12
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................12
2.1 Turning the Power Switch On......................................................................12
2.2 Loging in......................................................................................................13
2.3 Basic menu navigation................................................................................14
2.4 Menu Shortcuts ...........................................................................................15
2.5 Configuring the PR2000 with a web browser..............................................15
2.6 Changing the super-user password............................................................18
2.7 Reading the PR2000 LEDs...........................................................................18
2.8 Configuring the PR2000 without a console.................................................20
3GETTING THE ETHERNET LAN INTERFACE TO WORK....................................22
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................22
3.1 Required Information...................................................................................22
3.2 Configuring the Ethernet interface..............................................................22
3.3 Configuring the Network Protocol for Ethernet ..........................................23
3.4 Configuring the routing protocol for Ethernet............................................24
3.5 Testing the Ethernet interface.....................................................................25
3.6 Troubleshooting the Ethernet interface......................................................26
4GETTING THE WAN INTERFACES TO WORK....................................................27
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................27
4.1 Required Information...................................................................................27
4.2 Configuring the WAN Interfaces..................................................................27
4.3 Configuring interface-specific parameters for WAN...................................27
4.4 Configuring the encapsulation for WAN interfaces....................................28

Table of Contents
2PR2000 Installation Guide
4.5 Configuring the network protocol for WAN interfaces ...............................31
4.6 Configuring the routing protocol for the WAN interfaces...........................33
4.7 Configuring Traffic Control for the WAN interfaces...................................33
4.8 Managing and listing the WAN interface configuration..............................34
4.9 Troubleshooting the WAN Interfaces..........................................................34
5FINISHING THE ROUTER CONFIGURATION......................................................36
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................36
5.1 Configuring Static and Default Routes........................................................36
5.2 Customizing the PR2000 Menus and Prompts............................................37
5.3 Setting the real-time Clock..........................................................................37
5.4 Configuring the Host Table and DNS client ................................................37
5.5 Finishing IP configuration...........................................................................38
5.6 Finishing IPX configuration.........................................................................38
5.7 Where to go from here?...............................................................................39
6MANAGING THE PR2000....................................................................................40
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................40
6.1 Configuring Users .......................................................................................40
6.2 Updating the Firmware version in flash memory........................................41
6.3 The PR2000 Configuration Vector...............................................................42
6.4 Enabling Optional Software or Hardware....................................................43
6.5 Event Programming.....................................................................................43
6.6 Syslog..........................................................................................................45
6.7 Setting the Hardware Startup Options ........................................................45
7CONFIGURING NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION......................................47
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................47
7.1 What is NAT?...............................................................................................47
7.2 Configuring NAT..........................................................................................48
8CONFIGURING PACKET AND SERVICE FILTERING .........................................50
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................50
8.1 What is Packet and Service Filtering? ........................................................50
8.2 Configuring Packet and Service Filtering ...................................................51
9SHARING NETWORK ADDRESSES OVER REMOTE LOCATIONS ....................55
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................55
9.1 Sub-netting versus IP bridging emulation ..................................................55
9.2 Configuring IP bridging...............................................................................56

Table of Contents
PR2000 Installation Guide 3
10 CONFIGURING MULTILINK CIRCUITS..............................................................57
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................57
10.1 What is a Multilink Circuit?........................................................................57
10.2 Configuring Multilink Circuits ...................................................................58
11 CONFIGURING OSPF ........................................................................................60
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................60
11.1 What is OSPF?...........................................................................................60
11.2 Configuring OSPF in the PR2000 ..............................................................60
12 CONFIGURING X.25 PAD ..................................................................................65
In this Chapter..........................................................................................................65
12.1 What is a PAD?..........................................................................................65
12.2 Configuring PAD Support in the PR2000 ..................................................65
APPENDIX A. HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................68
A.1. General Specifications......................................................................................68
A.2. External Interfaces............................................................................................69
13 INDEX ................................................................................................................72

Read This Before You Start
4PR2000 Installation Guide
Read this before you start
How to use this Installation Guide
This Installation Guide was designed to be an easy-to-use, step-by-step list of
procedures for the installation and configuration of the Cyclades-PR2000 router
(also referred to as the PR2000 or the RAS).
Chapters 1 to 6 cover the basic steps needed to get the router operational in a
typical application. The remaining chapters cover specific functional aspects of
the PR2000 that are not necessarily used in every installation. A quick
inspection of the In this chapter section at the beginning of each chapter
should tell you whether or not it will be of interest.
Chapter 1 - Installing the PR2000 explains how to install and physically
connect the PR2000. At the end of this chapter you should be ready to power
up the router.
Chapter 2 -Turning the PR2000 On is a basic overview of the PR2000 user
interface. At the end of this chapter you should be able to start configuring the
router interfaces.
Chapter 3 - Getting the LAN Interface to Work helps you to configure and
test the LAN interface. At the end of this chapter, it should be possible to telnet
or ping to/from any system connected to the LAN.
Chapter 4 - Getting the WAN Interfaces to Work gives directions on how to
configure the WAN interfaces.
Chapter 5 - Finishing the Router Configuration guides you through the
additional configuration steps necessary to get the router operational.
Chapter 6 - Managing the PR2000 is an overview of the administrative tasks,
including information on how to update the firmware.
Appendix A - Hardware Specifications provides hardware information
(physical specifications, cabling and pinout).

Read This Before You Start
PR2000 Installation Guide 5
Cyclades technical support and contact information
PR2000 users have free and unlimited access to technical support and software
updates from Cyclades. Software updates and the latest product information are
available at:
•WWW: http://www.cyclades.com
•FTP: ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades
For immediate help, any time of the day, check the Technical Support section
on the Cyclades home page. It contains a database of common configuration
problems, examples and frequently asked questions that can be searched
anytime. It is likely to quickly answer to most of your questions. It also contains
the latest information on additional features, bug-fixes, configuration files and
firmware updates.
Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please
make sure to follow the steps described in the first three chapters of this manual
and have the following information handy:
•Cyclades product name and model.
•Hardware and software options and versions.
•Operating environment (network and carrier-related information).
•Printout of Info->Show System.
•Detailed description of the problem.
•Exact error or log messages printed by the router or by any other
system.
•This Installation Guide.
•Contact information in case we need to contact you at a later time.
In the United States and Canada, contact technical support via e-mail, fax or
phone:
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: [phone] (9:00AM to 5:00PM PST)
Fax: [phone]
Outside North America, please contact your local Cyclades distributor or
representative or send us e-mail. Cyclades Corporation can also be contacted
by mail at:
Cyclades Corporation
41934 Christy Street
Fremont, CA 94538

Read This Before You Start
6PR2000 Installation Guide
About the PR2000
The PR2000 is a powerful member of the Cyclades Power Router family. It has
a fixed Ethernet LAN interface, two high-speed synchronous serial WAN ports,
and one asynchronous serial WAN port.
As a member of the Power Router family, the PR2000 uses the CyROS
operating system. CyROS incorporates all the internetworking expertise and
experience accumulated by Cyclades over the years. It is a proven software
platform that allows us to introduce new features and products without
compromising stability, reliability and robustness. It also allows us to provide
interoperability, connectivity, security and consistent interfaces across the
product line.
The PR2000 has an internal Power PC processor that executes all the tasks
related to the supported protocols. There is also a 32-bit RISC processor
dedicated to I/O processing. All the software is stored in 2 or 4 MB of built-in
flash memory. The PR2000 is configured with 8 to 32 Mb of RAM.

Installing the PR2000
PR2000 Installation Guide 7
1Installing the PR2000
In this Chapter
This chapter explains how to physically install and connect the PR2000
hardware. It is important that you follow the instructions carefully. Wrong
physical connections can damage not only the PR2000, but also the equipment
connected to it.
1.1 Identifying the PR2000 components
The PR2000 package includes:
•The PR2000 main module.
•Power Supply.
•Asynchronous serial WAN cable (RS-232).
•Synchronous serial WAN cables (RS-232/V.35 or X.21, depending
on the product purchased).

Installing the PR2000
8PR2000 Installation Guide
1.2 The PR2000 back panel
The figure below shows the back panel of the PR2000.
PR2000 Back Panel
Starting from the left side, we have:
•Power switch. It turns the PR2000 on/off.
•Power jack. Connection to the external power supply.
•Synchronous Interfaces 1 and 2 (WAN 1 and WAN 2). High-
speed Synchronous interfaces. The second synchronous WAN port
is optional.
•Ethernet 10Base-T RJ-45 Jack. To connect to the Ethernet LAN
(typically, an Ethernet Hub or Switch) using a standard 8-wire cable
(not provided).
•Asynchronous Interface. Asynchronous RS-232 serial interface
for backup or secondary links.
•Configuration Console RJ-45 Jack. To connect to the
configuration console using a serial cross-cable (provided).
WAN1WAN2
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Installing the PR2000
PR2000 Installation Guide 9
1.3 Connecting the configuration Console
The configuration console is recommended for the initial setup of the PR2000.
After the basic configuration is completed, the console is no longer required but
it will still useful for hardware diagnosis, additional configuration, management
and monitoring.
When a console terminal is not available, it is possible to configure the PR2000
using telnet (see the Configuring the PR2000 without a console section in
chapter 2 after completing the physical installation described in this chapter).
The console can be any VT100-compatible serial terminal. Typically, it is a PC
or workstation with a terminal emulation program (Windows with Hyper
Terminal, or Unix/Linux with cu or minicom, for example). In this case, the
console port is normally connected to the COM2 serial port (the mouse is
usually on COM1).
Set the following line parameters in your terminal emulation program:
•Serial Speed: 9600 bps
•Data length : 8 bit
•Parity: none
•Stop Bits: 1 stop-bit
•Flow Control: hardware flow-control or none
The Console connector on the PR2000 back panel provides an RS-232 DTE
interface on a RJ-45 modular jack.
Connect the configuration console to the Console port of the PR2000 using the
provided cross-cable (Console cable). If you need to build your own cable,
refer to the console port pinout in Appendix A.
The console can also be remote to the PR2000. In this case, the PR2000
console port is connected to a dial-in modem by a straight-through cable (not
provided).

Installing the PR2000
10 PR2000 Installation Guide
Console
Cable
(provided)
Console
Port
PR2000
DB-25
Connector
COM2
PR2000 Console Connection

Installing the PR2000
PR2000 Installation Guide 11
1.4 Connecting the Ethernet LAN interface
The PR2000 has one Ethernet 10 Base-T interface (labeled Ethernet) provided
in a standard RJ-45 modular jack.
The figure below shows the connection of the PR2000 to an Ethernet hub or
switch. Use a standard 10Base-T straight-through cable (not included). A
crossover cable is required for direct connection to a computer (aRJ-45
Ethernet pinout is provided in the Appendix A).
PR2000
Ethernet Hub
Ethernet Hub
Straight-through RJ-45 Cable
(not provided)
PR2000 Ethernet LAN Interface
If your network uses 10Base2 (thin coaxial cable) or 10Base5 (thick coaxial
cable), you will need a transceiver to convert between the different Ethernet
media.
Note: While the PR2000 works with most any standard RJ-45 cable/connector,
to avoid interference with other equipment according to FCC rules, you should
use shielded Ethernet cables.

Turning the PR2000 on
12 PR2000 Installation Guide
2Turning the PR2000 on
In this Chapter
This chapter guides you through the basics of the PR2000 configuration. Make
sure to follow the procedures detailed in the previous chapter to install PR2000
before proceeding.
2.1 Turning the Power Switch On
Before powering on the PR2000, turn on the terminal or computer that serves
as the configuration console. Make sure it is connected to the console port of
the PR2000 as indicated in Chapter 1 and configured with the default
parameters: 9600 BPS, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.
If you don’t have a configuration console, please read the section Configuring
the PR2000 without a console at the end of this chapter.
Double-check the connections before proceeding. Powering on the PR2000
with wrong physical connections can damage not only the PR2000 unit but also
the devices it is connected to.
Turn the power switch on. The PR2000 will perform a self-test. You should see
reports of the progress of these tests on the console screen.
Assuming that the self-test is successfully completed, the PR2000 loads and
executes CyROS. CyROS is the operating system that manages the PR2000
operation. The software is loaded from flash memory to RAM.
After the process is completed, you should get a login prompt at the console.
If you don’t get the boot messages and login prompt at the console:
•Verify that the PR2000 is powered (the LEDs in the front panel
should be lit) and check the physical connections (the console cable
provided connects the console port on the PR2000 directly to the
serial port on the console terminal).
•Make sure that the serial terminal or terminal emulation program is
configured to use the correct serial port and using the serial

Turning the PR2000 on
PR2000 Installation Guide 13
parameters: 9600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop-bit, flow control: HW or
none.
2.2 Logingin
The PR2000 login screen looks like this:
__________________________________________
| Cyclades-PR2000 version V_X.X.X (MM/DD/YY) |
| Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1999 |
|_______________________________________ __|
[PR2000] login:
To login as a super-user, type super as the login name. Press <Enter>.
You get a password prompt. The PR2000 comes configured from factory with
the super-user password set to surt. For security reasons, you should change
this password as soon as possible as indicated later in this chapter.
To complete the login process, type in the super-user password: surt (you won't
see the password as you type it). Press <Enter>.
Upon a successful login, you should see the PR2000 main menu. You are
ready to start configuring the router.
Until the basic network parameters are set, the console is the only way to
access and configure the router. After some configuration, you will be able to
telnet to the router from any host in the network or use a browser to access
router, and access the exact same menus. This opens the possibility of remote
configuration and management of the router.

Turning the PR2000 on
14 PR2000 Installation Guide
2.3 Basic menu navigation
One of the advantages of using a menu interface is that we can make it intuitive
and easy to use. Here is a quick overview of the basic menu navigation:
Key Action
<Enter> (Carriage Return) Select Option/End of line
<Esc> (Escape) Cancel Selection/Return to the previous menu level
<Backspace> (Backspace) Erase previous character typed
<Space> Scroll one screen in a multi-screen listing
<L>In some configuration menus, this hot key lists the current
parameters without forcing you to navigate back to Info.
Most menus require the selection of an option among several options listed. In
this case, you need to type your selection (typically the item number or a
mnemonic letter) and then press <Enter>.
Some menus offer a default choice (always indicated between brackets [ ]). To
select the default option, simply press <Enter> at the prompt. When no value is
given in brackets, pressing <Enter> without entering any data maintains the
previous value.
Some configuration menus allow you to list the current parameters by pressing
"L" (list). The availability of this option is indicated at the prompt. When a listing
contains multiple screens, use <Space> to scroll one screen, “H” to scroll half a
screen,and any other key to scroll line-by-line.
When you leave a menu after making configuration changes, CyROS will ask
whether the change is to be saved or discarded:
(D)iscard, save to (F)lash or save to (R)un configuration : [ ]
Selecting Discard will simply discard the changes made in that menu. Selecting
save to Flash will save the change to flash-memory and make it permanent.
The change is effective immediately and is also saved to the configuration
vector in flash-memory so that it is effective even after a router reboot. Saving it
only to the run configuration (save to Run configuration) makes it effective
immediately, but the change is not saved to flash-memory and will be lost after
a router reboot.
You can always save the entire run configuration to flash-memory from the
Admin menu.

Turning the PR2000 on
PR2000 Installation Guide 15
The super-user main menu looks like this:
Cyclades-PR2000 (PR2000 name) Main Menu
1. Config 2. Applications 3. Logout
4. Debug 5. Info 6. Admin
Select option ==>
All the router configuration commands are under "Config". Use this option to
change the router current configuration.
Applications such as ping, telnet, and traceroute are under Applications.
Select Logout to close the super-user session and get a new login prompt. For
security reasons, the PR2000 automatically closes open sessions after 10
minutes of inactivity.
Debug concentrates all the debug tools,including line traces, memory and
buffer reports, and event logs.
Use Info to verify the current information or list the current router configuration.
Admin allows you to access administrative commands to set the date and time,
update the firmware, save current run configuration to flash memory, restore a
configuration from flash-memory, etc.
2.4 Menu Shortcuts
If you know the sequence of keystrokes to execute an operation, you can use a
"shortcut" feature in the CyROS menus. Simply enter the sequence of inputs
separated by '+' at any prompt. As an example, typing “1+1” at the super-user's
main menu is equivalent to selecting Config then Interface (Config is option 1
in the main menu and Interface is option 1 in the Config menu.
2.5 Configuring the PR2000 with a web browser
The PR2000 has an internal HTTP server that allows the configuration of the
router with a browser. Enter the following command in the URL field of your web
browser and press return:
http:// <router IP>

Turning the PR2000 on
16 PR2000 Installation Guide
where “router IP” is the PR2000 IP address.
The browser shows a screen with Cyclades’ logo. Click on “Enter”. The browser
prompts you for the username and password. Type the super-user login
information (the default for the PR200 is super for the user name, and surt for
the password). Only super-users can login to the PR2000 through a web
browser.
After your password has been authenticated, the PR2000 shows the Main
Menu. Select one of these options:
•Menu Interface to access router menus;
•End HTTP Session to close the HTTP session.
By selecting “Menu Interface”,you can navigate through the PR2000
configuration menus.
Here is an overview of basic menu navigation through a web browser:
Field / Button Action
Command Use this field to send data to PR2000. After entering data in this
field, press <Enter> key or the <Enter> button (see bellow)
<Enter> Select option/end of a command line (see above)
<Escape> Cancel Selection/Return to the previous menu level
<L>In some configuration menus, this button lists the current
parameters without forcing you to navigate back to Info Menu.
Use it when the prompt is “(L for list) Select Option ==>” or
when the “more” command is shown
Return to Main Menu Return to Main Menu, where you can close the HTTP session
Most menus require the selection of an option among several options listed. In
this case, you need to type your selection (typically the item number or a
mnemonic letter) in the command filed and then press <Enter> (key or button).
Some menus offer a default choice (always indicated between brackets [ ]). To
select the default option, simply press the button <Enter>. When no value is
given in brackets, pressing <Enter> without entering any data maintains the
previous value.
Some configuration menus allow you to list the current parameters by pressing
button <List>. The availability of this option is indicated at the prompt. When a
listing with multiple screens is requested, use <List> to scroll one screen and
<Enter> to scroll line-by-line.

Turning the PR2000 on
PR2000 Installation Guide 17
The super-user main menu is shown above:
Cyclades-PR2000 (PR2000 name) Main Menu
1. Config 2. Applications 3. Logout
4. Debug 5. Info 6. Admin
Select option ==>
Command:
Return to Main Menu
All the router configuration commands are under "Config". Use this option to
change the router current configuration.
Applications such as ping, telnet, and traceroute can not be executed from web
browser interface.
Only one HTTP session (one super-user) is allowed at a time and telnet
sessions have priority over HTTP session. For example, if there is an open
HTTP session and someone telnets to the PR2000, the HTTP session will be
automatically closed.
Console sessions have the highest priority level and close any other type of
connection (telnet or HTTP).
Select Return to Main Menu and End HTTP session to close the super-user
session and get a new login prompt. For security reasons, the PR2000
automatically closes active sessions after 3 minutes of inactivity.
Debug concentrates all the debug tools, including line traces, memory and
buffer reports, and event logs.
Use Info to verify the current information or list the current router configuration.
Admin allows you to access administrative commands to set the date and time,
update the firmware, save current run configuration to flash memory, restore a
configuration from flash-memory, etc.
Enter Escape List

Turning the PR2000 on
18 PR2000 Installation Guide
2.6 Changing the super-user password
To preserve system security, the super user password should be changed as
soon as possible. Of course, if you are in an environment where security is not
an issue, changing the password can be left for later.
To change the password and the super-user name (optional) select Config-
>Security->Users->Modify from the main menu. Then type in super (which is
the current super-user name). You will be offered the opportunity to change the
user name and then the password. Select super as the user type and make
sure to keep it enabled. You will be able to choose the default telnet hosts (you
can leave this blank for now) and restrict the login privileges (normally, the user
responsible for router administration should have no access restriction). When
leaving the Security Menu, save the changes to the flash-memory so that they
become permanent.
Make sure that the new password is (1) easy to remember and (2) not obvious
or easy to guess. Remember that someone with the super-user access can
change any configuration in the router.
If you forget the super-user password, you won't have access to the router. If
that happens, call Cyclades Technical Support for assistance. Make sure call
from the location where the PR2000 is installed and to have the invoice and the
product serial number available.
2.7 Reading the PR2000 LEDs
The PR2000 has two groups of four LEDs on the front panel. They allow you to
visually monitor the operation of the router.
PR2000 LED’s
The first group of LEDs monitors the Ethernet LAN 10/100Base-T interface.
•Power – Indicates that the PR2000 is On.
Power
CPU 123
Ethernet
Col. Link TX RX
System