Cyclades Access Router Cyclades-PR1000 User manual

Cyclades-PR1000
Installation Manual
Access Router
Cyclades Corporation

Cyclades-PR1000 Installation Manual
Version 1.2 – May 2002
Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1998 - 2002
We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no responsibility, financial
or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this product or Installation Manual.
This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation, which reserves the right to make improvements or changes in
the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time and without notice to any
person of such revision or change. The menu options described in this manual correspond to version 1.9.4 of the
CyROS operating system. This manual is printed horizontally in order to match the electronic (PDF) format of the
Installation Manual, page per page.
All brand and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
FCC Warning Statement:
The Cyclades-PR1000 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant
toPart15oftheFCCrules.Theselimitsaredesignedtoprovidereasonableprotectionagainstharmfulinterference
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the problem at his or her own expense.
Canadian DOC Notice:
The Cyclades-PR1000 does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out
in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
Le Cyclades-PR1000 n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils
numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique edicté par le Ministère
des Communications du Canada.

Cyclades-PR1000
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ......................................................................................................7
Installation Assumptions ..................................................................................................................................8
Text Conventions..............................................................................................................................................8
Icons.................................................................................................................................................................9
Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information...................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX ................................................................................................................12
The V.35/RS-232 Model.................................................................................................................................13
The X.21 Model..............................................................................................................................................14
Horizontal Surfaces........................................................................................................................................15
Vertical Surfaces ............................................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3 USING CYROS MENUS .............................................................................................................19
Connection Using the Console Cable and a Computer or Terminal..............................................................19
Special Keys...............................................................................................................................................21
The CyROS Management Utility....................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS.........................................24
Example 1 Connection to an Internet Access Provider via Modem..............................................................24
Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay ..............................................................................33
CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE ..............................................................41
The IP Network Protocol ................................................................................................................................41
IP Bridge.....................................................................................................................................................43

Cyclades-PR1000
Table of Contents
Other Parameters...........................................................................................................................................44
CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN INTERFACE ............................................................................................................45
CHAPTER 7 NETWORK PROTOCOLS...........................................................................................................48
The IP Protocol...............................................................................................................................................49
The Transparent Bridge Protocol...................................................................................................................51
CHAPTER 8 DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS (ENCAPSULATION).........................................................................52
PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) .................................................................................................................52
HDLC..............................................................................................................................................................54
Frame Relay...................................................................................................................................................54
X.25 ................................................................................................................................................................60
X.25 with PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler).........................................................................................62
CHAPTER 9 ROUTING PROTOCOLS ............................................................................................................63
Routing Strategies..........................................................................................................................................63
Static Routing .............................................................................................................................................63
Dynamic Routing ........................................................................................................................................63
Static Routes ..................................................................................................................................................63
RIP Configuration...........................................................................................................................................67
OSPF..............................................................................................................................................................68
OSPF Configuration on the Interface .........................................................................................................70

Cyclades-PR1000
Table of Contents
OSPF Global Configurations ......................................................................................................................72
CHAPTER 10 CYROS, THE OPERATING SYSTEM.......................................................................................77
Creation of the host table...............................................................................................................................77
Creation of user accounts and passwords.....................................................................................................77
IP Accounting .................................................................................................................................................79
CHAPTER 11 NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION) ........................................................................80
Types of Address Translation .....................................................................................................................82
CHAPTER 12 RULES AND FILTERS ..............................................................................................................86
Configuration of IP Filters...............................................................................................................................86
Traffic Rule Lists.............................................................................................................................................93
CHAPTER 13 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) ....................................................................100
Enabling IPX.................................................................................................................................................101
Configuring the Ethernet Interface ...............................................................................................................101
Configuring Other Interfaces........................................................................................................................101
PPP...........................................................................................................................................................101
Frame Relay .............................................................................................................................................102
X.25 ..........................................................................................................................................................102
Routing .........................................................................................................................................................102
The SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol) Table .......................................................................................103

Cyclades-PR1000
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 14 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK CONFIGURATION...............................................................104
APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................................................109
What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When Using a Console. ................................................109
What to Do if the Router Does Not Work or Stops Working. ....................................................................... 110
Testing the Ethernet Interface ...................................................................................................................... 111
Testing the WAN Interface ........................................................................................................................... 112
APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................114
General Specifications ................................................................................................................................. 114
External Interfaces ....................................................................................................................................... 115
The WAN Interface ................................................................................................................................... 115
The LAN Interface .................................................................................................................................... 115
The Console Interface .............................................................................................................................. 116
Cables .......................................................................................................................................................... 117
The Straight-Through Cable..................................................................................................................... 117
The DB-25 to M.34 Adapter ..................................................................................................................... 118
The X.21 Modem Cable ........................................................................................................................... 119
The Loop-Back Connector .......................................................................................................................120
APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION WITHOUT A CONSOLE ...........................................................................121
Requirements...............................................................................................................................................121
Procedure.....................................................................................................................................................121
INDEX ..............................................................................................................................................................122

Cyclades-PR1000
7
Chapter 1 - How To Use This Manual
CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
ThreeCycladesmanualsarerelated to the PR1000.
1 TheQuickInstallation Manual -- provided withtherouter,
2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site,
3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyclades web site.
CyROS stands for the Cyclades Routing Operating System. It is the operating system for all Cyclades Power
Routers (PR1000, PR2000, PR3000, and PR4000). The CyROS Reference Guide contains complete information
about the features and configuration of all products in the PR line.
CyROS is constantly evolving, and the menus in this manual might be slightly different from the menus in the
router. Thelatestversionofall three manuals (and thelatestversionofCyROS)can be downloaded from Cyclades’
web site. All manuals indicate on the second page the manual version and the corresponding version of CyROS.
This manual should be read in the order written, with exceptions given in the text.
Chapter 2 - What is in the Box
- explains how the router should be connected.
Chapter 3 -Using Menus
- describes CyROS menu navigation.
Chapter 4 -Step-by-Step Instructions for Common Applications - guide to configuration with detailed examples.
Chapters 5 to 9- Basic router configuration information for applications that do not fit any of the examples in
chapter 4.
Chapter 10 - CyROS - shows how to set router specific parameters and create lists of hosts and users.
Chapter 11 - Network Address Translation- describes CyROS’ NATimplementation.

Cyclades-PR1000
8
Chapter 1 - How To Use This Manual
Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic.
Chapter 13 - IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated.
Chapter 14 -VirtualPrivate Network - describes CyROS’ VPN implementation.
Appendix A -Troubleshooting- provides solutions and tests for typical problems.
Appendix B - Hardware Specifications.
Appendix C - Configuration Without a Console.
Installation Assumptions
This Installation Manual assumes that the reader understands networking basics and is familiar with the terms and
conceptsusedinLocal Area and Wide Area Networking.
Text Conventions
Common text conventions are used. A summary is presented below:
Convention Description
CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>L A combination of menu items, with the last being either a menu item, a
parameter, or a command. In this example, L lists the interface configuration.
<INTERFACE>
A variable menu item that depends on hardware options or a choice of
hardware or software options.
IP Address
A parameter or menu item referenced in text, without path prepended.
Screen Text Screen Text
<ESC>, <Enter> Simbols representing special keyboard keys.

Cyclades-PR1000
9
Chapter 1 - How To Use This Manual
Icons
Iconsareusedtodrawattentiontoimportanttext.
Icon Meaning Why
What is Wrong? When an error is common, text with this icon will mention the symptoms and
how to resolve the problem.
Where Can I Find
More Information? CyROS contains many features, and sometimes related material must be broken up into digestible pieces. Text with this icon will indicate the relevant
section.
Caution! Not following instructions can result in damage to the hardware. Text with
this icon will warn when damage is possible.
Reminder. Certain instructions must be followed in order. Text with this icon will explain
the proper steps.

Cyclades-PR1000
10Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual
Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information
All Cyclades products include limited free technical support, software upgrades and manual updates.
These updates and the latest product information are available at:
http://www.cyclades.com
ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades
Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please collect the information
listed below.
•The Cyclades product name and model.
•Applicable hardware and software options and versions.
•Information about the environment (network, carrier, etc).
•The product configuration. Print out a copy of the listing obtained by selecting INFO=>SHOW
CONFIGURATION=>ALL.
•A detailed description of the problem.
•The exact error or log messages printed by the router or by any other system.
•The Installation Guide for your product.
•Contact information in case we need to contact you at a later time.
In the United States and Canada, contact technical support by phone or e-mail:
Phone: [phone] (9:00AM to 5:00PM PST)
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
OutsideNorthAmerica, please contactusthroughe-mailor contact your localCycladesdistributororrepresentative.

Cyclades-PR1000
11Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual
The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are:
Cyclades Corporation
Phone: + 01 [phone]
Fax: + 01 [phone]
41829 Albrae Street
Fremont, CA 94538
USA

Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 12
CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX
The Cyclades-PR1000 comes in two varieties, described below. Both models are accompanied by the following
accessories:
• Quick Installation Manual
• Documentation CD containing the complete Installation Manual and the CyROS Reference Guide
• Console Cable and Power Source
• Mounting Kit containing Velcro® Strips and screws.
The Documentation CD also contains a back-up copy of the op Code, in case the preinstalled copy is corrupted
in some way.

Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 13
Cyclades-PR1000
The V.35/RS-232 Model
DB-25
Male
DB-25
Male
Back Panel of PR1000
or
Straight-
Through
Cable
Straight-
Through
Cable
DB-25
Male
RS-232 Modem
with DB-25
Interface
Console Cable
Labeled “Conf”
or “Console”
To COM Port
of Computer
Power Source
To Wall Outlet
V.35 DSU/CSU
with M.34
Interface
M.34
Adaptor
1
0
WAN
On/Off
Ethernet Console
FIGURE 2.1 V.35/RS-232 MODEL
Figure2.1showswhichcables(purchasedseparately) should be used for each type of modem and how everything
shouldbeconnected. Thepinoutdiagramsofthese cables are provided in Appendix B of the Installation Manual.

Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 14
The X.21 Model
DB-15
Male
Back Panel of PR1000
DB-25
Male
X.21 DSU/CSU
with DB-15
Interface
Console Cable
Labeled “Conf”
or “Console”
To COM Port
of Computer
Power Source
To Wall Outlet
X.21 Modem
Cable
1
0
WAN
On/Off
Ethernet Console
FIGURE 2.2 X.21 MODEL
Figure2.2shows whichcable(purchasedseparately)should be usedforanX.21 modem andhoweverythingshould
beconnected. Thepinoutdiagramofthis cable appears in Appendix B of the Installation Manual.
Cyclades recommends the use of Category 5, shielded twisted-pair cables for Fast Ethernet connections.
The Cyclades-PR1000 comes with rubber pads to prevent it from slipping on a horizontal surface. It may be
necessary to affix the router more securely to either a horizontal or vertical surface. To this end, Velcro® strips
and screws have been provided.

Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 15
Cyclades-PR1000
Horizontal Surfaces
The Velcro® strips should be used to attach the PR1000 more firmly to a horizontal surface. Remove the
backing from the prickly Velcros® and attach them to the router as shown in the figure. Remove the backing
from the fuzzy Velcros® and place them on the horizontal surface so they are aligned with the Velcros® on the
router.
Cyclades-PR1000
Horizontal Surface Where the PR1000 Will be Secured
Fuzzy
Velcro®
Prickly
Velcro®
Prickly
Velcro®
FIGURE 2.3 HOW TO ATTACH THE VELCRO® STRIPS

Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 16
Next,placethePR1000onthehorizontalsurface,aligningthefuzzyandpricklyVelcros® as shown in Figure 2.4.
Cyclades-PR1000
Horizontal Surface Where the PR1000 Will be Secured
FIGURE 2.4 HOW TO ATTACH THE PR1000 TO A HORIZONTAL SURFACE
Vertical Surfaces
There are two slots in the base of the PR1000 to allow it to be affixed to a vertical surface. Screws and nylon
fixings (for cement walls) are provided for this purpose.
Make holes 184,8mm (7.27 in) apart on the vertical surface. If using a drill, a 5mm bit should be used. Four
millimeters (or a little more than 1/8 in) of the screw should be exposed (not counting the head).

Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 17
Cyclades-PR1000
184,8 mm or 7.27 in
Screw Slot
Cyclades-PR1000
Vertical Surface Where
the PR1000 Will be Secured
Two 5mm Ø Screws
with Nylon Fixings
FIGURE 2.5 POSITIONING OF SCREWS

Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 18
Placethecenter ofthescrewslotsover thescrewsandslidethe routerdownsothescrews holdtherouterinplace as
showninFigure 2.6.
Cyclades-PR1000
Vertical Surface Where
the PR1000 Will be Secured
12
FIGURE 2.6 HOW TO ATTACH THE PR1000 TO A VERTICAL SURFACE
Note that the PR1000 can be hung with the LEDs facing up or facing down, whichever is more convenient.

Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 19
Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 3 Using CyROS Menus
ThischapterexplainsCyROSmenunavigationandspecialkeys. Therearethreeways to interact with CyROS:
• Traditional menu interface using a console or Telnet session,
• CyROS Management Utility based on interactive HTML pages,
• SNMP (explained in the CyROS Reference Manual).
Connection Using the Console Cable and a Computer or Terminal
The first step is to connect a computer or terminal to the router using the console cable. If using a computer,
HyperTerminal can be used in the Windows operating system or Kermit in the Unix operating system. The
terminal parameters should be set as follows:
• Serial Speed: 9600 bps
• Data Length: 8 bits
• Parity: None
• Stop Bits: 1 stop bit
• Flow Control: Hardware flow control
or none
[PR1000] login : super
[PR1000] Password : ****
Cyclades Router (Router Name) – Main Menu
1 – Config 2 – Applications 3 – Logout
4 – Debug 5 – Info 6 – Admin
Select Option ==>
FIGURE 3.1 LOGIN PROMPT AND MAIN MENU

Cyclades-PR1000
Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 20
Once the console connection is correctly established, a Cyclades banner and login prompt should appear on the
terminalscreen. Pressing<ESC>duringthebootprocesswilltemporarilyhaltinitializationandpresentseveraloptions:
IPaddressof therouter, IPaddressofthe boot server, bootfromnetwork,MACaddress, etc. If theloginpromptdoes
notappear,seethefirstsectionofthe troubleshooting appendix for help. Next,login. Thepresetsuper-useruserID
is“super” andthecorrespondingpreset passwordis“surt”. The passwordshouldbechanged assoonaspossible, as
describedin chapter10of theinstallationmanual andatthe endofevery exampleinchapter 4. Theloginprompts and
mainmenuareshown in Figure 3.1.
All menus have the following elements:
• Title – In the example in Figure 3.1: “Main Menu”.
• Prompt – The text: “Select Option ==>”.
• Options –The menu options, which are selected by number.
• Router Name – The default is the name of the product. Each router can be renamed by the super user for
easier identification.
Menus can also be navigated using a short-cut method. This method must be activated first by choosing a
shortcut character (“+” in the example that follows) in the CONFIG =>SYSTEM =>ROUTER DESCRIPTION
menu. Typing 4+1+1 at the main-menu prompt, for example, is equivalent to choosing option 4 in the main
menu (Debug), then choosing option 1 in the debug menu (Trace), then choosing option 1 in the trace menu
(Driver Trace). In addition to menus, some screens have questions with letter choices. In the line below, several
elements may be identified:
lmi-type((A)NSI, (G)roup of four, (N)one )[A]:
• Parameter description – The name of the parameter to be configured, in this case “lmi-type”.
• Options – Legal choices. The letter in parenthesesistheletterthatselectsthe corresponding option.
• Current value – The option in square brackets is the current value.
Pressing <Enter> without typing a new value leaves the item unchanged.