Dell GX260 - Optiplex Pentium 4 2.0GHz 512MB 40GB... Installation instructions

Computer disassembly
Dell OptiPlex GX260

Overview
Working with the Dell
OptiPlex GX260
•Disassemble
•Identify the parts
•Reassemble

Precautionary measures
NOTICE: To help avoid possible damage to the system board, wait 5 seconds (or wait until the standby light is extinguished) after turning off the
computer and unplugging the power cord before removing a component from the system board or disconnecting a device from the
computer.
Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following steps in the sequence listed:
1. Perform an orderly computer shutdown using the operating system menu.
2. Turn off the computer and all attached devices.
3. Ground yourself by touching an unpainted metal surface on the chassis, such as the metal around the card-slot openings at the back of
the computer, before touching anything inside your computer. While you work, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface on the
computer chassis to dissipate any static electricity that might harm internal components.
4. Disconnect your computer and devices from their power sources. Also, disconnect any telephone or telecommunication lines from the
computer. Doing so reduces the potential for personal injury or shock.
In addition, take note of these safety guidelines when appropriate:
•When you disconnect a cable, pull on its connector or on its strain-relief loop, not on the cable itself. Some cables have a connector with
locking tabs; if you are disconnecting this type of cable, press in on the locking tabs before disconnecting the cable. As you pull
connectors apart, keep them evenly aligned to avoid bending any connector pins. Also, before you connect a cable, make sure both
connectors are correctly oriented and aligned.
•Handle components and cards with care. Do not touch the components or contacts on a card. Hold a card by its edges or by its metal
mounting bracket. Hold a component such as a microprocessor chip by its edges, not by its pins.
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge
Static electricity can harm delicate components inside your computer. To prevent static damage, discharge static electricity from your body before
you touch any of your computer's electronic components, such as the microprocessor. You can do so by touching an unpainted metal
surface on the computer chassis.
As you continue to work inside the computer, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface to remove any static charge your body may have
accumulated.
You can also take the following steps to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD):
•When unpacking a static-sensitive component from its shipping carton, do not remove the component from the antistatic packing material
until you are ready to install the component in your computer. Just before unwrapping the antistatic packaging, be sure to discharge static
electricity from your body.
•When transporting a sensitive component, first place it in an antistatic container or packaging.
•Handle all sensitive components in a static-safe area. If possible, use antistatic floor pads and workbench pads.

Back panel
Input/Output (I/O) ports
1. Parallel port
2. Serial port
3. External Video Graphics Array
(VGA) port
4. PS/2 keyboard
5. PS/2 mouse
6. RJ-45 (Ethernet socket)
7. Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 (4
separate ports)
8. Stereo line-in (mini-jack)
9. Microphone-in (mini-jack)
10. Speakers/line-out (mini-jack)
11. External VGA (Graphics card)
12. S-Video out (Graphics card)
13. AC-Power

Opening the cover
1. Security cable slot
2. Pad lock ring
3. Button

Inside the computer
1. Hard drive
2. Chassis intrusion
switch
3. Card cage
4. Power supply
5. Heat sink and blower
assembly
6. System board
7. Floppy drive
8. Compact Disc (CD)/
Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) drive

Humor?
There are 10 kinds of people:
Those who can read binary and those
who cannot
(10 in binary base is 2 in decimal base)

Representing and storing data
•Binary digit (bit)
– Has 2 possible states
– How many different
combinations can you have
with your representation?
•Byte (8 bits, 2^7=256
combinations)
– Used to represent
characters
– A typical college essay has
250 words per page, a word
has on average 5.5
characters. Using
approximately 1 KB of
storage
•Data transfers measured in
Bits per second (bps)
OffOnStatus
10Binary digit

Binary numbers – base 2
0001001001001000Binary value
1248Decimal value
2^02^12^22^3Weight (base^position)
0123Position
Binary: 1010=1000+0000+0010+0000
Decimal: 10= 1*8+ 0*4+ 1*2+ 0*1
General: anbn+an-1bn-1+...+a0b0
13
1101
10
1010
11
1011
12
1100
14
1110
3
0011
4
0100
5
0101
6
0110
7
0111
8
1000
9
1001
15210Decimal (Base 10)
1111001000010000Binary (Base 2)

Computer cables
1. CD/DVD drive audio
cable
2. CD/DVD drive data
cable
3. Floppy-drive data
cable
4. Control-panel cable
5. Integrated Drive
Electronics (IDE) data
cable (hard drive)

Buses
•Transfer data from the I/O devices to
the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
•Different buses have different
specifications e.g
–Width, number of bits in one unit,
–Speed, cycles per second.

PCI Card Cage
•Peripheral
Component
Interconnect (PCI
card)
•Standards for the
connector and
motherboard slot

Removing AGP or DVI card
•Accelerated
Graphics Port (AGP)
Graphics card

Removing Hard drive
1. Hard-drive cable
2. Power cable
Hard Drive (HDD) 20 –
80GB for the
OptiPlex GX260
models

Removing Floppy Drive
1. Power cable
2. Floppy-drive cable
Floppy Disk Drive
(FDD) 1.44MB

Removing a DVD
1. Audio cable
2. CD/DVD drive cable
3. Power cable
CD typically 700MB
DVD
4.7GB (Single layer)
8.5GB (Double layer)

Removing front I/O
1. I/O cable
2. Control-panel cable
3. Front audio cable
4. Internal speaker
cable

Memory
•Each byte in the memory has an address. Data is stored and
retrieved by going to the address in the memory
•Types of Memory
– Random Access Memory (RAM)
•Is reset when power is turned off
– Read Only Memory (ROM)
•Retains information when power is switched off
•Pre-recorded instructions
•Flash Memory
–Can be changed by the user. The Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is
stored in flash memory and contains all instructions for starting up the
computer
– Cache Memory
•Fast memory for frequently used addresses, located close to the
processor

RAM Memory chip
128 MB double data rate
synchronous dynamic random
access memory (DDR SDRam)
2 dual in-line memory module
(DIMM) slots
Max RAM memory capacity 1GB

Processing
•Each processor has an instruction set
– Different processors have different instruction sets
•During a machine cycle (Clock cycle) the Control unit and
Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
1. Fetch instructions from memory and load to instruction register
2. Control unit decodes the instructions in the register
3. ALU executes the instructions
4. Store the result in a register or memory
–Bus width or word size is measured in bits. Number of bits
handled during internal processing
–Clock speed, how many cycles per second