DSI Buxco FinePointe User manual

Publication 014181-001 Rev 02
DSI Buxco® FinePointe™
Pulmonary Function Test
USER MANUAL

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Pulmonary Function Test • Publication 014181-001 Rev 02 • www.datasci.com ©2023 Data Sciences International
Table of Contents
Essential Safety Notes ...................................................................................................................................................5
Environmental Conditions.........................................................................................................................................5
Hazards and Warnings...............................................................................................................................................5
Welcome........................................................................................................................................................................7
What you will be learning .........................................................................................................................................7
Application Overview ....................................................................................................................................................8
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) ............................................................................................................................8
How It Works.............................................................................................................................................................9
PFT Test ...................................................................................................................................................................10
FRC (Functional Residual Capacity) Test Automation.........................................................................................10
PV (Pressure Volume) Test Automation .............................................................................................................11
FV (Flow Volume) Test Automation....................................................................................................................12
Ventilator Automation........................................................................................................................................13
Valve Sequence Automation...............................................................................................................................13
System Hardware ........................................................................................................................................................14
PFT Controller Pressure Panel .................................................................................................................................14
Pressure Panel Front...........................................................................................................................................15
Pressure Panel Back ............................................................................................................................................17
Pressure Reservoir...................................................................................................................................................18
Compressed Air Source ...........................................................................................................................................20
Chamber Manifold Design.......................................................................................................................................20
Manifold Types........................................................................................................................................................22
Mouse Manifold..................................................................................................................................................22
Rat/GP Manifold .................................................................................................................................................23
Large Animal Manifold........................................................................................................................................24
Configuring the Hardware.......................................................................................................................................25
1 - Front Panel Connections................................................................................................................................25
2 - Rear Panel Connections .................................................................................................................................26
3 - Compressed Air Source Connection ..............................................................................................................27
4 - Setting Positive Pressure................................................................................................................................28
5 - Setting Negative Pressure..............................................................................................................................29
6 - Setting Inspiration Flow .................................................................................................................................29
7 - Setting Slow Expiration Flow .........................................................................................................................30
Mouse Chamber Configuration Notes ....................................................................................................................31
Switching Between Mouse and Rat.........................................................................................................................33

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Measuring Dead Space in the Manifold ..................................................................................................................34
Boyle’s Law Method............................................................................................................................................34
Alternate Boyle’s Law Method Without Patm .......................................................................................................35
Pressure Conversions and Useful Information ...................................................................................................36
Hardware Configuration in FinePointe Control Panel.............................................................................................37
System Calibration.......................................................................................................................................................42
Definitions of Signals...............................................................................................................................................42
Valves ......................................................................................................................................................................42
Calibration Procedure .............................................................................................................................................43
1 - Open the Calibration Window .......................................................................................................................43
2 - Calibrate Flows...............................................................................................................................................45
3 - Calibrate Pressure..........................................................................................................................................50
Creating a PFT Study....................................................................................................................................................53
Acquiring Data .............................................................................................................................................................56
Launching Acquisition .............................................................................................................................................56
Loading the subject .................................................................................................................................................60
Saving Your Data .....................................................................................................................................................61
Reports ........................................................................................................................................................................62
Creating and Modifying Groups ..............................................................................................................................62
Creating Reports......................................................................................................................................................64
Modifying Measurements.......................................................................................................................................66
Rejecting Data .........................................................................................................................................................69
Test Results..................................................................................................................................................................69
FRC ..........................................................................................................................................................................70
Quasistatic Pressure Volume...................................................................................................................................70
Fast Flow Volume ....................................................................................................................................................71
Resistance & Compliance ........................................................................................................................................72
Appendix A - Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................................................73
Common Reasons PFT Tests Might Fail...................................................................................................................73
FRC Test ..............................................................................................................................................................73
PV Test ................................................................................................................................................................73
FV Test ................................................................................................................................................................74
Leaks........................................................................................................................................................................ 74
Common Symptoms............................................................................................................................................74
General Suggestions ...........................................................................................................................................74
Test for Leaks in the Main Chamber ...................................................................................................................75

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Test for Leaks in the Valve Assembly..................................................................................................................75
Animal Breathes During Tests .................................................................................................................................76
Appendix B – Anesthesia .............................................................................................................................................77
First Choice..............................................................................................................................................................77
Second Choice .........................................................................................................................................................78
Third Choice............................................................................................................................................................. 78
Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................78
Appendix C - Interpretations PFT Results ....................................................................................................................79
FRC (Functional Residual Capacity) Test..................................................................................................................80
Occlude at FRC ....................................................................................................................................................80
No Efforts During FRC Occlusion.........................................................................................................................81
Data Assumptions Met .......................................................................................................................................81
PV (Pressure Volume) Test......................................................................................................................................82
Test Starts When Flow Is Zero ............................................................................................................................82
At TLC, Volume Rises as Pressure Falls ...............................................................................................................82
At TLC, Volume Drops as Pressure Falls..............................................................................................................83
Almost Vertical Volume Drop Immediately after the Hold Period .....................................................................83
Expiratory Duration Should be Long Enough......................................................................................................83
Volume Should Rise Steadily During Inspire to TLC ............................................................................................83
Volume-Pressure Curve is Smooth .....................................................................................................................83
Overlays of Consecutive PV Tests Differ .............................................................................................................84
FV (Flow Volume) Test ............................................................................................................................................85
Ripples or Squiggles Near the End of the Flow-Volume Curve ...........................................................................85
A Flat Top of the Flow Volume Curve .................................................................................................................85
A Dip in the Center of the Flow-Volume Curve...................................................................................................85
Generally Rounded Flow-Volume Curve.............................................................................................................85
FVC Value is Wildly Different Than IC .................................................................................................................85
Appendix D - Suggested Reading.................................................................................................................................86
Contact Information ....................................................................................................................................................87
DSI Technical Support—North America..............................................................................................................87
DSI Technical Support—Europe..........................................................................................................................87

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Pulmonary Function Test • Publication 014181-001 Rev 02 • www.datasci.com ©2023 Data Sciences International
Essential Safety Notes
This section describes potential hazards which may exist in the operation of these units. A number of warning
labels and symbols are affixed to your instrument. These symbols are used to inform you of potential dangers
which may exist or where caution is required.
THE PROTECTION GIVEN BY THE EQUIPMENT MAY BE IMPAIRED IF USED IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE
MANUFACTURER.
Environmental Conditions
•Indoor use
•Altitude up to 2000 m
•Storage and operation range: 4°C to 40°C; 10% - 80% Rh, Non-condensing
•Mains supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed ± 10% of the nominal voltage
•Supply voltage, voltage range: 12vdc, 4.0A
•Overvoltage Category 2
•Pollution degree 2
Hazards and Warnings
This instrument is subject to the following identified hazards:
CAUTION: The controller is heavy, to transport the controller use two people grasping either end of the controller and lift
using proper techniques.
The AC/DC adapter requires connection to protective earthing (ground), only use with a power supply outlet and power supply
cord that provides protective earthing.
Only use a detachable power cord (AC/DC adapter) that allows for protective earthing and is a minimum of 18 AWG. This cord
will need to have appropriate agency approvals, such as UL, CSA.
DSI cannot guarantee the safety of this device if used other than intended or used by any procedures other than those described
in this manual.
The AC/DC adapter requires connection to protective earthing (ground), only use with a power supply outlet and power supply
cord that provides protective earthing.
Only use a detachable power cord that allows for protective earthing and is a minimum of 18 AWG. This cord will need to have
appropriate agency approvals, such as UL, CSA.
Do Not Operate with Suspected Failures
If damage is suspected on or to the product, do not operate the product. Contact qualified service personnel to perform
inspection.

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Orient the Equipment Properly
Do not orient the equipment so that it is difficult to manage the disconnection device.
Place Product in Proper Environment
Review the operating manual for guidelines for proper operating environments.
Observe all Warning Labels on Product
Read all labels on product to ensure proper usage.
Before installing your new unit, please take time to familiarize yourself with these warnings and symbols:
Direct Current (DC)
Caution

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Pulmonary Function Test • Publication 014181-001 Rev 02 • www.datasci.com ©2023 Data Sciences International
Welcome
Congratulations on joining the community of users worldwide who rely on DSI’s products to perform preclinical
physiologic research. Thank you for your interest in DSI products. We are committed to providing you with quality
products and services.
This manual will help you get to know your FinePointe Pulmonary Function Test system. The structure of the
manual was designed to sequentially guide you through using your DSI system from set up to data acquisition.
What you will be learning
1. Understand how respiratory data is collected using the Pulmonary Function Test system.
a. Hardware
b. Software
2. How to setup your Pulmonary function Test system hardware.
3. How to use the FinePointe software to:
a. Create a hardware configuration
b. Create a study
c. Calibrate hardware
d. Acquire data
e. Generate reports
f. Review data

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Application Overview
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)
This analyzer monitors a respiratory flow signal and any airway pressure signal during a succession of forced
pulmonary tests from an anesthetized test subject. These tests offer a unique and comprehensive look at the
function of the lung.
PFT is an acronym for Pulmonary Function Testing. This system is also known as Pulmonary Maneuvers. The PFT
system automates a series of tests on an animal which simulate clinical pulmonary testing routinely performed on
humans.
There are 3 tests that the PFT system can perform: FRC, PV, and FV. In addition, the system allows the researcher
to acquire baseline resistance and compliance data.
This picture below illustrates all the lung volumes.
Lung Volumes

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The FRC tests measures the FRC lung volume by using Boyle’s Law. FRC lung volume is the Functional Residual
Capacity. This is the volume of air that remains in the lung at the end of a normal expiration. This lung volume is
important because by knowing this lung volume, it is easy to know all the other lung volumes.
See Section FRC for list of common parameters reported.
The PV test allows the researcher to know the static lung properties. Static lung properties are described by the
pressure-volume relationship of the lung. The slope of the Volume-Pressure curve is the instantaneous compliance
at a given pressure. See Section Quasistatic Pressure VolumeFRC Test for list of common parameters reported.
The FV test allows the researcher to know the dynamic lung properties. Dynamic lung properties are described by
the flow-volume relationship of the lung. The Flow-Volume curve shows the flow at a given expired volume. Since
the pressure across the lung is essentially constant during the acquisition of the flow-volume data, the flow value is
proportional to the conductance of the limiting airways at a given expired volume. See Section Fast Flow Volume
for list of common parameters reported.
See Section Resistance & Compliance for list of common parameters reported.
How It Works
The subject has a tracheotomy performed (or is intubated) and placed in the supine position on the bed within the
plethysmograph. The trach tube is connected to the face plate where fresh air is provided either via bias flow or
through ventilation. The face plate contains a manifold of valves which are actuated to perform the PFT tests.
Also, supporting the manifold is a pressure panel which provides flows at safe pressures to the manifold. The
pressure panel also contains preamplifiers necessary to condition the flow and pressure signals needed for the
data analysis.
With the plethysmograph placed around the subject, the subject breathes through the wall of the face plate and
the chest expands with the air entering and contracts as the air exits the lungs. This expansion forces an equal
amount of air out of the plethysmograph through a screen pneumotach. The pneumotach resists the movement
of air, and so, pressure in the chamber is created as a result of the air being forced through the pneumotach. This
pressure is linearly related to flow of air passing through the pneumotach, and since that is the same as the
volume inspired by the subject, the pressure is related to the flow in and out of the subject.
The lung pressure is measured in the tracheal line. Normally, the pressure is referenced to atmosphere, but it can
optionally be referenced to the subject’s esophagus or even to the intrapleural cavity using a needle.

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Pulmonary Function Test • Publication 014181-001 Rev 02 • www.datasci.com ©2023 Data Sciences International
PFT Test
The following summarizes the test automation:
FRC (Functional Residual Capacity) Test Automation
•Uses Boyle’s Law to determine FRC
•Synchronize to Breathing
•Occlude airway until the subject attempts to breathe on its own

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Pulmonary Function Test • Publication 014181-001 Rev 02 • www.datasci.com ©2023 Data Sciences International
PV (Pressure Volume) Test Automation
•Synchronize to Breathing
•Inspire to TLC
•Hold
•Slow Expire to RV
Slow Expire
to RV
HoldInspire to TLCSync to Breathing

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FV (Flow Volume) Test Automation
•Synchronize to Breathing
•Inspire to TLC
•Hold
•Fast Expire
Inspire to TLC Hold
Fast Expire
Sync to Breathing

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Ventilator Automation
•Inspire
•Hold
•Passive Expire
•Repeat
Normal Inspire
Normal Expire
Valve Sequence Automation
Sequence
Vfrc
Vinsp
Vexpire
Vff
How end is determined
Inspire
X
X
-
-
Determined at target pressure (e.g.
10cmH2O) or timeout.
Inspire to TLC
X
X
-
-
Determined at target pressure (e.g.
30cmH2O) or timeout.
Expire to RV
X
-
X
-
Determined at target pressure (e.g. -
30cmH2O) or timeout.
Fast Expire
X
-
-
X
Determined when flow is below a target or
timeout.
Hold or Occlude
X
-
-
-
Determined by duration or when sufficient
data is acquired
Passive Expire
-
X
-
-
Determined by duration
Idle
-
-
-
-
Indefinite

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System Hardware
This chapter contains information on the hardware components of the system, including how to connect the
hardware, and definitions and descriptions of the hardware.
PFT Controller Pressure Panel
PFT controller pressure panel
The PFT controller pressure panel consists of:
•A pump and pressure reservoirs, both internal and external.
•Regulators to charge the pressure in the reservoirs.
•Plumbing and associated actuators to control the breathing of the subject sufficiently to perform
each test.
•Meters and controls which allow you to set flow rates suitable for the animals you are
testing.
•Preamplifiers for flow and pressure transducers.
•A/D converter and USB interface for the PC to acquire data and control the tests.

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Pressure Panel Front
Pressure panel controls
The following are descriptions and operational definitions of controls and modules on the front of the Pressure
Panel
1. Preamplifier modules (Flow, Mouth Pressure, Esophageal) - These modules provide signal amplification
and conditioning for the flow, mouth pressure, and (optionally) esophageal pressure transducers.
2. Valve Control module - This module has two purposes:
•The Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure adjustment knobs control the pressure that is maintained
in the positive and negative pressure reservoirs.The pressure levels should be set at values that
ensure the safety of the animal. By default, set them to +50 cmH2O on the positive pressure
reservoir and -50 cmH2O on the negative pressure reservoir.
•The valve control switches are used to set the valves to one of three states, On, Off, or Auto. On closes
the valve. Off opens the valve. Auto allows the FinePointe software to control the valves. Valves are
manually controlled when setting flow rates and when calibrating the lung pressure. Auto control is
used when FinePointe is controlling the system during the test recording session.
3. Signal Generator module - This module provides pre-set computer-generated waveforms. This allows you
time to learn how the system works without having to run with a live animal. When set to the Live
position, the generated signals are disabled, and live signals from the transducers are used.The control
knob must be set to the Live position when collecting data. The Volume and High Volume reset buttons
are inactive and not used by the system.
4. Power module - This module has the pressure panel On/Off switch, and 2 LEDs in the top right corner. These
two LEDs confirm that the internal power supply is functioning. If they are dim, your power supply might not be
putting out the required voltage. If they are off, the Pressure panel has no power.

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5. Large Animal/Small Animal mode selection switch – Toggles between the large animal and small animal
flow vale adjustment control knobs. A green indicator light will illuminate above the selected valve control
knobs. The large green knobs control the large animal flow rates when the PFT Pressure Panel is connected
to the large animal reservoir. The small silver knobs control the small animal flow rates when connected to
the small animal reservoir.
6. Inspiration Flow Valve Adjustment knobs – These knobs control the large animal or small animal
inspiration flow rate that is used in the PV and FV tests during inspiration to 30 cm H20 (this is a positive
flow).
7. Slow Expiration valve - These knobs control the large animal or small animal slow expiration flow rate that
is used during the Pressure Volume (PV) test during expiation (this is a negative flow).
8. Digital Flow and Pressure Displays - These displays are used to set the flow rates and confirm the pressure
in the positive and negative reservoirs. There are trim screws to allow you to easily adjust the zero should
the sensors drift.

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Pressure Panel Back
Connections on the back of the pressure panel
The following are descriptions of the connections on the back of the Pressure Panel
1. USB Port - The USB port accepts a standard non-powered USB cable which is then connected to the PC. All
data acquired from the controller, and all control commands (from the PC) are sent through this connection.
2. Slow Expiration Port - This port is connected to the negative pressure section of the pressure
reservoir.
3. Inspiration Port – This port is connected to the positive pressure section of the pressure reservoir.
4. Power Connector – The power transformer is connected to this port.
5. Pump Out Negative Port – This port is connected to the pump port on the negative section of the pressure
reservoir.
6. Pump Out Positive Port- This port is connected to the pump port on the positive section of the pressure
reservoir.
7. Solenoids Port – This 9-pin D shell connector is connected to the chamber manifold. It controls the chamber
manifold valves.

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Pressure Reservoir
Small animal pressure reservoir
The pressure reservoir is divided into two sections, negative and positive. The positive reservoir is used to inflate
the lungs at the configured inspiration flow rate. The negative reservoir section is used to slowly deflate the lungs
at the configured slow expiration flow rate during PV tests, and to deflate the lungs as quickly as possible during FV
tests.
The pressure in both reservoirs is set on the Valve Control Module.
The pressure reservoir is available in two sizes. Small animal (SA) and large animal (LA). The small animal model is
used for mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The large animal model is used for rabbits, ferrets, and small primates.

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Small animal pressure reservoir
Large animal pressure reservoir

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Compressed Air Source
Every PFT chamber model other than the mouse chamber requires a compressed air source to articulate the
pneumatic control valves on the manifold. These valves drive FRC cylinders and the Fast Expiration
cylinders. This includes the Rat/GP, Rabbit, Ferret, and Primate chambers.
The compressed air source must deliver 40 to 50 PSI. If the pressure is higher than 60 PSI, the pneumatic
valves will be damaged. The air sources include low noise air compressors with a pressure regulator, or a
laboratory air source with a pressure regulator.
DSI offers a low noise air compressor for sale. The models have varied over the years, so model specific
details are not included in this manual. If you purchased your compressor from DSI, please see the
manufacturers product manual that was included with you unit. A compressor purchased from DSI will also
include a kit that includes the tubing and fittings you will need to connect the compressor to the chamber.
Please contact your DSI sales representative or DSI technical support for more information.
Chamber Manifold Design
The manifold connects the trachea of the anesthetized animal to the valves that control each test. Although the
manifolds for the mouse, rat or monkey do not look similar, they are identical in theory and operation.
Not all the PFT tests are “forced.” For example, the FRC test operates from the driving pressure of the animal. All
the PFT tests require tracheal connections. Gas flow paths must be switched to accommodate all the tests in rapid
sequence. Most of the connection switching is performed automatically, under computer control.
The features of the manifold are described below:
Feature
Description
FRC Valve
(VFRC)
This valve is a low resistance normally open valve that the animal can breathe
through when the test is not running. This valve is closed during each test.
Fast Expiration Valve
(VFExp)
This valve is closed all the time except for expiration during the Fast FV test. This is
a low resistance valve which (when open) exposes the trachea directly to the
negative reservoir.
Slow Expiration Valve
(VExp)
This valve is closed all the time except for expiration during the Quasistatic PV test.
This valve draws air from the trachea at a rate set by the adjustable valve on the
Pressure Panel.
Inspiration Valve
(VInsp)
This valve is open to either clear CO
2
build up in the dead-space of the manifold, or
to force an inspiration.
N
2
Sample Port
This port is used to calibrate the pressure sensor.