Dynascan B&K PRECISION 3010 User manual

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TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY
WARNING
Normal useof testequipmentexposesyouto a certainamount of dangerfrom electricalshock
becausetesting must often be performed where exposedvoltage is present. An electrical shock
causing 10miliamps of currentto passthrough theheartwill stopmosthumanheartbeats.Voltage
aslow as35volts dc or ac rmsshouldbeconsidereddangerousandhazardoussinceit canproduce
alethal current undercertainconditions. Highervoltagesposeanevengreaterthreatbecausesuch
voltage canmore easilyproducea lethalcurrent. Your normal work habitisshould include all ac-
cepted practices that will preventcontact with exposedhigh voltage. and that will steercurrent
away from your heart is caseof accidental contact with a high voltage. You will significantly
reduce the risk factor is you know and observethe following safetyprecautions:
Don't exposehigh voltage needlessly.Removehousingsand covers only whennecessary.
Turn off equipment while making testconnectionsin high-voltagecircuits. Dischargehigh-
voltage capacitors after removing power.
2.
Usean insulated floor material or a large,insulated floor mat to stand on, and aninsulated
work surface on which to placeequipment; and makecertain-suchsurfacesare not damp or
wet. Whereinsulated floor surfaceis not available, wear heavygloves.
3. Use the time-proven "one hand in the pocket" technique while handling an instrument
probe. Be particularly careful to avoid contacting a nearbymetal object thatcould providea
good ground return path.
Always use an isolation transformer to power transformerless "hot chassis" equipment,
whereone sideof the ac powerline isconnecteddirectly to thechassis.This includesmostre-
cent television setsand audio equipment. Without an isolation transformer, the chassisof
suchequipment maybe floating at line voltage (120VAC, 60 Hz in USA), dependingupon
which way the2-wireac power plugis inserted. Not only doesthis presentadangerousshock
hazard if the chassisis touched, but damageto test instrumentsor the equipmentunder test
may result from connectingtheground lead of sometestinstrumentsto a "hot" chassis.The
ground lead of this function generatorand most other test instruments with 3-wire power
plugs is at earthground.
S. On testinstruments or any equipmentwith a 3-wireac power plug, useonly a 3-wireoutlet.
This isa safety feature to keepthe housing or other exposedelementsat earthground.
6. If possible,familiarize yourself with the equipmentbeingtestedand the location of its high
votage points. However, rememberthat high voltage may appear at unexpectedpoints in
defectiveequipment.
7.
Also rememberthat acline voltage ispresentonsomepower input current points suchason.
off switches,fuses,power transformers, etc., evenwhen the equipmentis turned off.
8. Never work alone. Someoneshould be nearbyto renderaid if necessary.Training on CPR
(cardo-pulmonary resuscitation)first aid is highly recommended.
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FOR
.'.6460 W. Cortland Street
Chicago, Illinois 60635
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TABLE OFCONTENTS
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3738
INTRODUCTIONSPECIFICATIONS.PANEL CONTROLS AND FEATURES.OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
A. Frequency and Waveform Selection, Manual Operation
B. DC Output.C. Voltage-Controlled Operation.D.TTLOutputAPPliCATIONS
A. Amplifier Frequency Response.B. Tone Control Test..C. Amplifier Overload Characteristic.D. Amplifier Performance Evaluation Using Square Waves
E.SpeakerSystemTestingF.AMReceiverAlignmentG. Using the 3010 As A Bias and Signal Source.H. Preset Frequency Selection.I. Digital Frequency Selection.J. Communications Receiver Alignment.K.AdditionalApplicationsTHEORY OF OPERATION
GeneralCircuitDescriptionDetailed Circuit Description.MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION
Removal of Rear CaseCalibration ProcedureLineVoltageConversionWARRANTY SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS.ONE-YEAR liMITED WARRANTY.
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INTRODUCTION
The B& K-PRECISIONModel 3010 Function Generatoris a versatilesignal
sourcethat can be used in a variety of engineering,industrial,educationaland
hobbyistapplications.Thewide frequencyrange(.1 Hzto 1 MHz)forallfunctions
(sine,square,triangleand TTL output) encompassessubaudible,audio,ultrasonic
andRF applications.ThecontinuouslyvariableDCoffsetcontrolandprovisionfor
external VCO control further enhancethe versatility of this instrument. The
human-engineeredcaselendsitselfto benchuseaswellaseasyportability.
SPECIFICAnONS
GENERAL
Square, sine, triangle, DC and TTL Square Wave
(separateoutputjack).
BasicOutputs
FrequencyRange OJ Hz to 1 MHz in six ranges.
ExternalFrequency
Control VCO; greater than 100:1 on any frequency range
(linear). With FREQUENCY dial set at .1, a
0-to-5.5 V ramp input will produce a 100:1 fre-
quency change. Frequency increases with positive
voltage.
:!:20V peak.
MaximumInput
Input Impedance 1000ohms,nominal.
SPECIFICAnONS (AU specifications apply with dial scalebetween1 and 10)
Dial Accuracy 5% of full scale to 500 kHz, 8% of full scale from
500 kHz to 1 MHz (includes dial scale accuracy and
range-to-rangeaccuracy). Unit calibrated at full scale.
Dial Range Greater than 100: 1,
600.Q,:1:5%.
OutputImpedance
OutputAmplitude 20 V popopencircuit;
10 V popinto 600il.
AmplitudeControl Continuouslyvariable,greaterthan 30dBrange.
3
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DCOffset Continuously variable, :tIO V, open circuit; :tS V,
into 600Q.
Max.
VAC + Voc offset without clipping, :1:10V
opencircuit; :1:5V into 600il.
SineWave
Distortion Lessthan 1%,1 Hz to 100 kHz; hannonicsmore
than 30dB down from fundamental,100KHz to
1MHz.
Lessthan1%,to 100KHz.
SquareWave
Non-Symmetry
TriangleWave
Non-linearity Lessthan 1%,to 100KHz.
SquareWave
Rise/FallTime less than 100nSECat maximumoutput amplitude.
SineWaveAmplitude
flatness :1:.3dB to 1 MHz at maximum output amplitude.
TTL SquareWave
Response Lessthan 25nSECrise/fall time. Fixed TTL level:
LO lessthan .4V; III greaterthan 2.4V. Will drive
20TTL loads.
Short-Term
Stability .05%
PowerRequirements
Dimensions(HWD)
105to 130VAC, 60 Hz. 8 wattsmax.
(105-130/210-260VAC, 50/60 Hz export version
available) "
3.2 x 11.3x 7.7
(8.13x28.70x 19.56cm.)
Weight 21bs.,9oz.(1.16Kg.)withoutlinecord.
21bs.,14oz.(1.31 Kg.)withline cord.
Handle Fourpositions:integralpartof case.
4
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PANELCONTROLSAND FEATURES
(SeeFig. 1)
1. POWERon-off switch.Depressingthis button turnsthe 3010on.To turn off,
pushagainandrelease.
2.
RANGEselectors.Decadefrequencytype.Multiplyingtherangeselectedtimes
the FREQUENCYdial (6) indicationgivesthe outputfrequency,whichapplies
for all functions. For example,if the 100K RANGEbutton is depressedand
theFREQUENCYdialis at 10,the output frequencyis1MHz.
3.
FUNCTION selectors.Selectsquare(IUU), sine("",,), or triangle ("""")
output waveformwhichappearsat 600n OUTPUTjack(9).
4.
AMPliTUDE control. Controls the amplitude of the output signal,which
appearsat 600n jack (9). This control doesnot applyto the DC OFFSET
voltageorto the TTL output.
S. DC OFFSETcontrol. Adds positiveor negativeDC componentto the signal
appearing at 600n OUTPUT jack (9). Continuouslyvariable for :!:SV
(600 ohms)or :!:10V (opencircuit). TheDCcomponentaddedbythis control
is dependentof the adjustmentof AMPLITUDEcontrol(4).
6.
FREQUENCYdial. Multiplying the settingof this dial timesthefrequencyof
theRANGEswitch(2)selectedgivesthe output frequencyof thewaveformsat
the 600n OUTPUTjack(9)andTTLjack(7).
7. TI'L jack. A TI'L squarewaveis availableat this jack. The frequencyis
determinedby the RANGEselectedandthesettingof theFREQUENCYdial.
Thisoutputis independentof theAMPliTUDE andDCOFFSETcontrols.
8. -=b(Ground)jack. Commonreferenceforthe 1TL and600n OUTPUTsignals.
9. 600Q OUTPUTjack. Waveformsselectedby FUNCTIONswitchesaswell as
thesuperimposedDCOFFSETvoltageareavailableatthisjack.
10. HANDLE. Multiple-position designpermits use as a tilt stand or carrying
handle.
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11. VCOINPUTjack(rearpanel).An externalvoltageinput will varythe output
frequency.The changein frequencyis directlyproportionalto input voltage;
therefore,the rateof changeof frequencyis proportionalto that of theinput
voltage.
12. LINE CORD RECEPTACLE (rear panel). This receptacleacceptsthe
detachableline cord. (Fixed powercord on 105-130/210-260VAC, 50/60
Hz export version.)
11 12
Fig.2. Rearpanel.
7
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OPERATINGINSTRucnONS
A.
FREQUENCYAND WAVEFORMSELECTION,MANUALOPERAnON
Withtheunitpluggedinto apowersource,depressthePOWERbutton(1).
2. Selectthe frequencyrangedesiredby depressingtheappropriateRANGE
switch. The frequencyrangeobtained as the FREQUENCYdial (6) is
variedwill be from one-tenththeindicatedRANGEvalueto 10timesthis
value. For example,selectthe 10K range.WhentheFREQUENCYdialis
at .1,the output frequencyis 1 KHz; whenat 1,it is 10KHz andwhenat
10the frequencyis 100KHz.Thefrequencyobtainedappliesto thesignal
atthe lTL jackaswellasthe60012OUTPUTjack.
3. Select the waveform desired by depressingthe appropriate FUNCTION
button. The phase relationships of the waveforms available are shown in
Fig. 3.
4. The amplitude of the selected output signal at the 6001"2OUTPUT jack is
adjusted by AMPLITUDE control (4). The TTL output is not affected by
the AMPLITUDE control.
5, A DC component canbeaddedto the signal at the 600n OUTPUT jack by
use of the DC OFFSET control. The DC component introduced is
independent of the AMPLITUDE control and does not apply to the TTL
output. The level of DC can bevaried :tIO volts opencircuited or :tS volts
across600 ohms.
Fig. 3. Output waveform and phaserelationships.
8
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A. ZERO DC OFFSET
WITH MAXIMUM
SIGNAL.
B. OFFSET LIMITS
WITHOUT CLIPPING
C.EXCESSIVEOFFSET,
-5V .--
NEGATIVE
DC OFFSET
POSITIVE
DC OFFSET
Fig.4. Useof DCOFFSETcontrol.
6. Remember that the output signal swing of the generatorislimited to :1:10
volts (open circuit) or :1:5volts into 600 ohms. This applies to the
combined signal and DC offset. Clipping occursslightly abovetheselevels.
Fig. 4 illustrates the various operating conditions encountered, whenusing
the DC offset. If the desired output signalis large or if a largeDC offset is
used, an oscilloscopeshould be used to make sure that the desired
combination is obtained without undesirableclipping.
7.
Whenusingthe higheroutputfrequenciesandwhenusingthesquarewave
andTTL outputs,terminatethe cablein 600ohmsto minimizeringing.
Keepthecablesasshortaspossible.
B. DC OUTPUT
TheDC OFFSETfeaturecanbeusedto convertthe Model3010to abipolar
DCpowersupplywith aninternalimpedanceof about600ohms.
Depressthe FUNCTION switches slightly so that all switches arereleased
(all buttons out). This removesall signalcomponents from the output.
2. The output now consistsof a DC voltage which canbe varied continuously
from -10 volts to +10 volts (open circuit) by use of the DC OFFSET
control.
9
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A decoupling capacitor (20 mfd or more) can be connected across the
60012 OUTPUT and ground (-=:!::-)terminals to reduce the AC impedance
of the output. Always observepolarity whenusingpolarized capacitors.
c. VOLTAGE-CONTROLLEDOPERAnON
The 3010canbeoperatedasavoltage-controlledoscillator(VCO)byusingan
externalcontrol voltageappliedto the VCO IN jack at the rearof theunit. A
malephono plug is providedfor this purpose.Theexternallyappliedvoltage
will vary the frequencywhichis preselectedby the RANGEswitchesandthe
FREQUENCYdial. A positive-goingvoltagewill increasethe frequencyanda
negative-goingvoltage will decreasethe frequency.Pleasenote that the
frequency does not changewithout limit as the input control voltageis
increased.The upperdial frequencycanbeexceededby about10percent.If
the controlvoltagereducesthelowestfrequencyavailablebelowthe frequency
correspondingto the low end of the frequencydial (.1), erratic operation
results.
The desired frequency, output waveforms,DC offset, and the output
amplitud& adjustmentare selectedas for manualoperation.The maximum
voltage-controlledsweepis overa100:1range.
SWEEPFREQUENCYOPERAnON
Selectfrequencyrangeandfunction.
a.
b. SetDCoffset,if required.
Setamplitudeto desiredlevel.
c.
d. To obtain maximum sweep,set the FREQUENCYdial to either
extreme.For this example,setat lowend(.1 onFREQUENCYdial).
Connecta positive-goingvoltageto theVCOINjack. A 0to +5.5volt
ramp will provide a frequencyincreasecorrespondingto a FRE-
QUENCY dial setting of 10. This is a 100:1 ratio. The frequency
variesin directproportionto theappliedinputvoltage.
e.
2.
FREQUENCYMODULATION
If analternatingvoltagewith no DC componentisappliedto theVCOIN
jack, the presetfrequencywill varyaboveand b~lowthe frequencythat
was preset by the RANGE switch and FREQUENCYdial. The DC
componentof suchan input signalcanbe removedby transformeror
capacitivecoupling.
10
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Selectfrequencyandfunction.
a.
b. SetDCoffset,if required.
Setamplitudeto desiredlevel.c.
d. Adjust the VCO IN voltage to provide the desired frequency
modulation.
e. Theapproximatefrequencydeviationobtainedfor a givenVCOsignal
canbedeterminedasfollows:
(1) .055volt will producea changein frequencyequalto one per
centof the highestfrequencyobtainableon a givenrange.For
example,if the 1 K RANGEis selectedandthe FREQUENCY
dial is at 10, the output frequencyis 10KHz. Onepercentof
10KHz is 100Hz. Therefore,for each.055volt changein the
VCOvoltage,a 100Hz changein frequencyisproducedwith the
1 K RANGEselected,regardlessof FREQUENCYdialsetting.
(2) As an example,assumethe RANGE switchand FREQUENCY
dial are set for 5 KHz output. If analternatingsignalhavingan
amplitude of :t.55 volt is is appliedto the VCO IN jack, a
frequencyswingof :t (:ih) 100= :tl KHz is obtained.Thetable
belowindicatesthe frequencychangeper .055volt input to the
VCOIN jack for eachrange.
Range,
Hz
Min.
Frequency,Hz
(Dial at .1)
Max.
Frequency, Hz
(Dial at 10) 1%FrequencyChange,
Hz (For .055 V input)
1
10
100
1:
10
100
.1
1
10
100
1
10
10
100
1
10
100
1
10
100
lK
lOK
K
K
K
KKKKKM
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lTL OUTPUTD.
This is a fast rise time squarewaveoutput, available at the front panel. Because
of the fast transition times of this output, cabie termination should be
provided to minimize ringing. The output is always positive with respectto
ground. This signalcan be'usedasanexternal sync pulse for oscilloscopeswhen
using the other generator outputs. It also can be usedasa variable frequency
signalsource for exercisinglogic circuits.
1. Selectdesiredfrequency(repetitionrate).
2. Connectto TTL output.
3.
The AMPliTUDE and DC OFFSETcontrolshaveno effect onthe TTL
outputsignal.
12
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APPLICATIONSA.
AMPUFffiR FREQUENCYRESPONSE(SeeFig. 5)
1. Interconnect equipment asindicated Fig. SA. This useof either the oscil-
loscope or the AC voltmeter to measureoutput voltage is adequate.The
advantage of the oscilloscope is that waveform distortion can be
simultaneously monitored, particularly if a power responsecurve is being
run. The AC voltmeter, provided with decibel scales,is convenient for
converting the observed output variations into standard units of measure-
ment (dB). The amplifier under test may be anything from a single stage
transistor amplifier to a higi1 fidelity component type. The dual trace
oscilloscope is convenient for this application becausethe -input to the
amplifier as well asthe output c~ be monitored simultaneously.
Vary the frequencyof the 3010 as required,maintaininga constant
amplitudeasobservedontheoscilloscope.Theamplifierinputandoutput
waveformscanbemonitoredsimultaneouslyasindicatedin Fig.Sb.Using
two centimetersforamplitudereferencesprovidesaconvenientmethodof
determiningpercentofchangein amplitude.
3.
Theresultsof responsetestscanbeplotted onsemi-logpaperasindicated
in Fig.6.
B.
TONECONTROLTEST
If the amplifier under testis provided with baseand treble controls, the effects
of thesecontrols on overall responsecan bedetermined by running consecutive
responsecurves with the controls at both extremes of adjustment. The results
canbe plotted onsemi-log graph paper,asindicated in Fig. 7.
C. AMPliFIER OVERLOADCHARACTERISTIC
1. The overload point for some.amplifiers is difficult to determine exactly
becauseof the gradual overload characteristic. The exact point of which
signal compression begins is difficult to determine using sine-waveinput.
The triangle wave form is ideal for this type of test becauseany departure
from absolute linearity is readily detectable.
2.
Usingthe test set-upof Fig. SAand usingthe triangleoutput,the peak
overload condition for an amplifier can be readily determined.This
overloadconditionis shownin Fig.8.
13
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Select waveform
as required No DC Offset Dual Trace
Oscilloscope preferred
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Amplifier under test
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.. AC Voltmeter
Output
Termination
A. TESTSET-UP.
B. WAVESHAPEANDAMPUTUDE.
Fig.5. Amplifier frequencyresponse,manualfrequencychange.
14
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Fig.7. Tonecontroleffectiveness.
Fig. 6. Plot of amplifier frequency response.
FREQUENCY, Hz
FREQUENCY. Hz
15
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Input
Waveform
Output
Waveform
Fig.8. Amplifieroverloadcharacteristics.
D. AMPliFIER PERFORMANCEEVALUAnON USINGSQUAREWAYES
The standardsine-wavefrequencyresponsecurves,suchasthoseobtainedin
Par.A, do not give a full evaluationof the amplifiertransientresponse.The
squarewave,becauseof the highharmoniccontent,yields muchinformation
regardingamplifier performance,whenusedin conjunctionwith an oscillo-
scope.
Usethe testset.upof Fig.9A. Thisis
that a terminationisspecifiedatthe;
usingsquarewavesto eliminatethe
risetimes.
Usingthe triangle output of the 3010, setthe AMPliTUDE controlso
thatthereisnosignalclippingovertherangeof frequenciesto beused.
2.
Selectthe squarewaveoutput and adjustthe frequencyto severalcheck
points within the passbandof the amplifier,suchas20Hz, 1000Hz and
10KHz.
At eachfrequencycheckpoint the waveform obtainedat the amplifier
output providesinformationregardingamplifierperformancewith respect
to the frequencyof the squarewaveinput. Fig.9B indicatesthe possible
waveformsobtainedatthe amplifieroutputandthecauses.
4.
Squarewave evaluationis not practical for narrow band amplifiers.The
restricted band width of the amplifier cannot reproduce all frequency
16
similarto thatusedin Fig. SAexcept
!mplifierinput. Thisisessentialwhen
ringingeffectsgeneratedby the fast
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componentsof the squarewavein the properphaseandamplituderelation-
ships.
Dual Trace
Oscilloscope preferred
rNo DC Offset
"'°1111
'-Square wave
selected
Amplifier under test 0-1
-<>
-0 -t
Termination Output I
A. TEST SET-UP.
B. TESTWAVEFORMS.
Fig.9. Amplifierperformanceevaluation,usingsquarewaves.
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SPEAKERSYSTEMTESnNGE.
The 3010canbeusedto provideinformationregardingtheinputimpedanceof
speakersystemsvs.frequency.In addition,thelow-frequencyresonanceof the
system can be determined.Becausethe Model 3010 output impedanceis
600ohms,whichis muchhigherthan the impedanceof conventionalspeaker
systems,the 3010 canbe usedas a variable.frequencycurrent sourceto
evaluatethe input impedanceof.the speakersystem.Thisis shownin Fig.lOB.
1Usethe testset-upFig. lOA. An oscilloscopecouldbeusedin this set-up
to verify thatthe 3010is notbeingoperatedin aclippingcondition.
Vary the frequencyof the 3010overthe full rangeof interestandlogthe
voltagemeasuredat the speakerterminalsvs.frequency.ThedBscalesof
the AC voltmeter are convenientfor convertingthis information to
standardresponseunits.
2.
It will be observedthat atsomelow frequency,a pronouncedincreasein
voltagewill occur. This is th~ resonancefrequencyof the low-frequency
driverin the speakersystem.Thistestset-upis convenientwhendesigning
speakerenclosures.It canhelp the designerto determinethe effect on
systemresonanceof varyingport sizes,dampingmaterialsandotherbasic
enclosurefactors.
3.
The measurementsobtainedin the abovetestscanbeplotted onsemi-log
graphpaperasindicatedin Fig.IOC.
4.
AM RECEIVER AUGNMENT
F-
Usethe test set-upof Fig. 11.Becauseof the linearrelationshipbetween
sweepvoltage and frequencyof the Model 3010, a linear frequency
presentationis obtainedon the oscilloscope,regardlessof whetherthe
sweepvoltageisa triangle,sinewaveoraramp.
1
To minimizethe numberof set-upadjustmentsrequired,the sweepvoltage
to the VCO IN jack of the 3010shouldnot havea DCcomponent.This
canberemovedby capacitorcoupling.
2.
If a precisecenterfrequencyis required,a frequencycountershouldbe
usedwhensettingthe output frequencyof the3010.Thisisdonewithout
sweepvoltageinput.
3.
The sweepvoltageto theoscilloscopecanbesuppliedeitherto anexternal
horizontalinput jackor,if theoscilloscopehasfront panelX-Y capability,
it canbeappliedto oneof thetwo verticalinputjacks.
4.
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