Emerson Copeland YF05K1E Instruction Manual

Copeland™Scroll Compressors
for Refrigeration Applications
YF05K1E to YF15K1E
Application Guidelines

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
About these guidelines..............................................................................................1
1Safety instructions..........................................................................................1
1.1 Icon explanation................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Safety statements............................................................................................... 2
1.3 General instructions............................................................................................ 2
2Product description ........................................................................................3
2.1 Compressor range.............................................................................................. 3
2.2 Nomenclature.................................................................................................... 3
2.3 BOM Variation................................................................................................... 4
2.4 Application range............................................................................................... 4
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils..................................................................... 4
2.4.2 Application limits ...................................................................................... 4
2.4.3 PEDcategory and maximum allowable pressure PS...................................... 5
2.5 Dimensions ....................................................................................................... 6
3Installation.......................................................................................................7
3.1 Compressor handling.......................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Transport and storage............................................................................... 7
3.1.2 Positioning and securing............................................................................ 7
3.1.3 Installation location................................................................................... 7
3.2 Mounting parts................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Brazing procedure.............................................................................................. 8
3.3.1 General brazing procedure........................................................................ 9
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YF*K1E compressors in parallel applications................. 9
3.4 Pressure safety controls.....................................................................................10
3.4.1 High-pressure protection..........................................................................10
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection...........................................................................10
3.5 Protection of A2L refrigerant systems operating below atmospheric pressure .............10
3.6 Crankcase heater..............................................................................................11
3.7 Discharge gas temperatureprotection..................................................................12
3.7.1 Excessive discharge gas temperatures.......................................................12
3.7.2 Discharge line thermostat.........................................................................13
3.8 Internal pressure relief valve...............................................................................14
3.9 Discharge check valve.......................................................................................14
3.10Filterscreens....................................................................................................14
3.11Mufflers............................................................................................................14
3.12Sound shell......................................................................................................14
3.13Insulationmaterial.............................................................................................14
3.14Sound and vibration...........................................................................................15
3.15Compressor oil return,oilbalancing, floodback and oil dilution tests ..........................15
3.16Liquid injection..................................................................................................16

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3.17DTC valve installation........................................................................................17
3.18Suction line accumulator.....................................................................................17
4Electrical connection ....................................................................................18
4.1 General recommendations..................................................................................18
4.2 Electrical installation..........................................................................................18
4.3 Terminal box.....................................................................................................19
4.4 Motorinsulation.................................................................................................20
4.5 Motorprotection................................................................................................20
4.6 Highpotential testing .........................................................................................20
5Start-up & operation......................................................................................21
5.1 Strength-pressure test........................................................................................21
5.1.1 Compressor strength-pressure test ............................................................21
5.1.2 Systemstrength-pressure test...................................................................21
5.2 Compressor tightness test..................................................................................22
5.3 System evacuation............................................................................................22
5.4 Preliminarychecks –Pre-starting.........................................................................22
5.5 Charging procedure...........................................................................................23
5.6 Run-in time.......................................................................................................23
5.7 Initial start-up....................................................................................................23
5.8 Rotationdirection..............................................................................................23
5.9 Starting sound ..................................................................................................24
5.10Deep vacuum operation.....................................................................................24
5.11Shell temperature..............................................................................................24
5.12Pumpdowncycle...............................................................................................24
5.13Minimum run time..............................................................................................25
5.14Shut-off sound ..................................................................................................25
5.15Supply frequency and voltage.............................................................................25
5.16Oil level............................................................................................................25
6Maintenance & repair....................................................................................26
6.1 Qualificationof workers......................................................................................27
6.2 Preparation and workprocedure..........................................................................27
6.3 Disassembling system components......................................................................27
6.4 Exchanging the refrigerant..................................................................................28
6.5 Replacing a compressor.....................................................................................28
6.5.1 Compressor replacement..........................................................................28
6.5.2 Start-up of a new or replacement compressor..............................................28
6.5.3 Compressor return procedure....................................................................29
6.6 Lubrication and oil removal.................................................................................29
6.7 Oil additives......................................................................................................30
7Dismantling & disposal.................................................................................31

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8References....................................................................................................31
Appendix 1: Tightening torques..............................................................................32
DISCLAIMER.............................................................................................................32

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 1
About these guidelines
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance in the application of Copeland™scroll
compressors in users’ systems. They are intended to answer the questions raised while designing,
assembling and operating a system with these products.
Besidesthe support they provide, the instructionslisted herein are also critical for the proper and
safe functioning of the compressors. The performance and reliability ofthe product maybe impacted
if the product is not used according to these guidelines or is misused.
These application guidelines cover stationary applications only. For mobile applications, please
contactthe Application Engineering department at Emerson as other considerations may apply.
1 Safety instructions
Copeland scroll compressors are manufactured according to the latest relevant US and European
safetystandards.Particularemphasis has been placed on the user’s safety.
YF*K1E compressors are intended for installation in systems in accordance with the European
Machinery Directive MD 2006/42/EC, the Pressure Equipment Directive PED2014/68/EU and the
Low Voltage Directive LVD 2014/35/EU. They may be putto service onlyif they have been installed
in systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions and conform to the corresponding provisions
of legislation.
NOTE: Only dedicated compressors are allowed to be used with flammable refrigerants.
Emerson marks all compressors that are qualified for flammable refrigerants with a sticker
indicating the usage of such refrigerants. Systems using flammable refrigerants must be
executed correctly while observing safety rules, as specified in corresponding safety
standardssuch as, but not limited to EN 378. They must comply with anyand all applicable
legislation and regulations. Ensuring compliance remains the user’s responsibility.
The MaterialSafetyDatasheet(MSDS)oftheindividualrefrigerantshallbeconsideredwhenworking
with each type of refrigerant –please check the documentation provided by the refrigerant supplier.
These instructions shall be retained throughout the lifetime of the compressor.
You are strongly advised to follow these safety instructions.
1.1 Icon explanation
WARNING
This icon indicates instructions to
avoid personal injury and material
damage.
Fire hazard
This icon indicatesa risk of flammable
atmosphere.
High voltage
This icon indicates operations with a
dangerof electricshock.
CAUTION
This icon indicates instructions to
avoid property damage and possible
personal injury.
Danger of burning or frostbite
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of burning or frostbite.
IMPORTANT
This icon indicates instructions to
avoid malfunction of the compressor.
Explosion hazard
This icon indicates operations with a
dangerof explosion.
NOTE
This word indicates a
recommendation for easier operation.
Danger of explosive atmosphere
This icon indicatesa risk of explosive
atmosphere.

2 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
1.2 Safetystatements
▪Refrigerant compressors must be employed only for their intended use. The system has
to be labelled according to the applicable standards and legislation.
▪Only qualified and authorized RACHP (refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump)
personnel are permitted to install, commissionand maintain this equipment.
▪Electrical connections must be made by qualified electrical personnel.
▪All valid standards for connecting electrical and refrigeration equipment must be
observed.
▪Thenationallegislationandregulationsregardingpersonnelprotectionmustbeobserved.
Additional requirements andstatements for A2L refrigerant compressor/systems:
▪Only competent personnel (as specified in EN 13313) qualified for flammable refrigerant
handling is permitted to commission, initiateand maintain the compressor/refrigeration
systems using flammable refrigerant; non-trained personnel,including the user, are not
allowed to do so and mustcallon an expert.
▪When planning and building systems with such refrigerants, a risk assessment and
corresponding precautions for risk mitigation must be taken by the system designer.
Special attention mustbe paid to flammability when dealing withA2L refrigerants.
▪The maximum refrigerant charge is specified in standards such as, but not limited to
EN378 and EN 60335-2-89. The system designer shall implement all safety measures
defined by the applicable standards and the maximum refrigerant charge shall not be
exceeded.
▪If a flammable atmosphere is detected, immediately take all necessary precautions to
mitigate the risk as determined in the risk assessment.
Use personal safety equipment. Safety goggles, gloves,
protective clothing, safety boots and hard hats should be worn where
necessary.
1.3 General instructions
WARNING
Pressurized system! Serious personal injuries and/or system
breakdown!Accidentalsystemstartbeforecompleteset-upmustbeavoided.
Never leave the system unattended without locking itout electrically when it is
on vacuum and has no refrigerant charge,when it has a holding chargeof
nitrogen, or when the compressor service valvesare closed.
WARNING
System breakdown! Personal injuries! Only approved refrigerants and
refrigeration oils mustbe used.
WARNING
High shell temperature! Burning! Do not touch the compressor until it has
cooled down.Ensure that other materials in the area of the compressor do not
come into contact with it. Lock and mark accessible sections.
CAUTION
Overheating! Bearing damage! Do not operate compressor without
refrigerant charge orwithoutit being connected to the system.
CAUTION
Contact with refrigerant oil! Materialdamage! Polyolester(POE) lubricants
must be handled carefully and the proper protective equipment(gloves, eye
protection,etc.)must be usedat all times. POE must not come into contact
with any surface or material that it might damage, including but without
limitation, certain polymers,eg, PVC/CPVC and polycarbonate.
IMPORTANT
Transit damage! Compressor malfunction! Use original packaging.Avoid
collisions and tilting.

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 3
2 Product description
2.1 Compressorrange
These application guidelinescover Copeland scroll compressor models YF*K1Eforlow-temperature
refrigeration applications. YF*K1E scroll compressors can be operated with either A1 or A2L
refrigerants.
Compressor
Cooling capacity* (kW)
Displacement
(m3/h)
Motor
R404A
R407A
R407F
R448A
R449A
YF05K1E
1.12
0.98
1.06
0.95
0.95
5.9
TFDN
YF06K1E
1.36
1.22
1.32
1.15
1.14
7.3
TFDN
YF07K1E
1.50
1.34
1.44
1.37
1.36
8.0
TFDN
YF09K1E
1.90
1.68
1.81
1.70
1.70
9.9
TFDN
YF10K1E
2.15
1.92
2.08
1.98
1.97
11.8
TFDN
YF13K1E
2.63
2.35
2.54
2.43
2.43
14.4
TFDN
YF15K1E
3.06
2.88
3.12
3.12
3.10
17.1
TFDN
Table 1: YF*K1E model overview for LTapplications withA1 refrigerants
Compressor
Cooling capacity* (kW)
Displacement
(m3/h)
Motor
R454C
R455A
R454A
YF05K1E
0.93
1.04
1.20
5.9
TFDN
YF06K1E
1.15
1.28
1.48
7.3
TFDN
YF07K1E
1.27
1.40
1.64
8.0
TFDN
YF09K1E
1.56
1.74
2.02
9.9
TFDN
YF10K1E
1.86
2.05
2.40
11.8
TFDN
YF13K1E
2.27
2.49
2.93
14.4
TFDN
YF15K1E
2.68
2.95
3.48
17.1
TFDN
Table 2: YF*K1E model overview for LTapplications withA2L refrigerants
* Refrigerant dew point temperature, evaporating temperature: -35 °C; condensing temperature: 45 °C;
suction gas superheat: 10 K; liquid sub-cooling: 0 K; frequency: 50 Hz.
2.2 Nomenclature
The model designationcontains the following technical information aboutthe compressor:
Figure 1: Nomenclature

4 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
2.3 BOM Variation
The BOM (bill of material) marking at the end of the compressor designation indicatesthe different
compressor layouts and details. YF*K1E compressor models are available in the following BOM
versions:
BOM
Suction and discharge
connections
T-Box
Mounting
parts
Features
GDV
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Single compressor
DTC valve
Brazing injection portforliquidinjection
GDW
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Extra tube for paralleling
DTC valve
Brazing injection portforliquidinjection
GDY
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Single compressor
Brazing injection portforliquidinjection
GDZ
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Extra tube for paralleling
Brazing injection portforliquidinjection
Table 3: BOM designation
Please refer to the Emerson price list for more details.
2.4 Application range
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils
IMPORTANT
Some refrigerantblends have a significant temperature glide.It is essential
that the glide ofthe refrigerant blendsbe carefully considered when adjusting
pressure and superheat controls.
IMPORTANT
Refrigerant blends with low GWP containing HFO’s have a low chemical
stabilityinpresenceofairorhumidity.Thesamelevelsofcleanliness,dryness
and evacuation of the refrigerant circuit are required as in HFC & POE
applications,including the use of filter dryers.
NOTE: R454C, R455Aand R454A are classified as A2L (mildly flammable) refrigerants.
Compressors
YF05K1E to YF15K1E
Qualified
refrigerants
R404A, R407A, R407F, R448A, R449A,
R454C, R455A and R454A
Qualified oil (factory
charged)
RL32 3MAF
Servicing oil
RL32 3MAF
Table 4: Qualifiedrefrigerants andoils
Oil recharge values can be taken from the compressor nameplate or from Copeland Selectsoftware,
which can be downloaded from www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-resources.
NOTE: For systems using A1 refrigerants (R404A, R407A, R407F, R448A or R449A) the
flammable refrigerant sticker is not of application and can be removedfrom the compressor.
2.4.2 Application limits
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Compressor breakdown! The superheat at the
compressorsuctioninletmustalwaysbesufficienttoensurethatnorefrigerant
droplets enter the compressor. For a typical evaporator-expansion valve
configuration a minimumstable superheat of at least 5 K is required.
For application envelopesand technicaldata, please refer to Copeland Select software available at
www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-resources.

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 5
2.4.3 PED category and maximum allowable pressure PS
The nameplate of the compressor containsinformation about the maximumallowable pressure PS,
the minimum and maximumallowed temperaturesTS, the internal free volume and the fluid groups
of the refrigerants qualified for the compressor model range. Valuesare given for the two existing
pressure rangeson low- and high-pressure sides.
Compressor
PS
Low-pressure
side
PS
High-pressure
side
TS max.
Low-pressure
side
Internal free
volume
LP side (litres)
Internal free
volume
HP side (litres)
YF05K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
4.1
0.5
YF06K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
4.2
0.5
YF07K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
4.2
0.5
YF09K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
4.3
0.5
YF10K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
6.4
0.6
YF13K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
6.4
0.6
YF15K1E
23.5bar(g)
38 bar(g)
50 °C
6.4
0.6
Table 5: Maximum allowable pressures,temperatures andinternal free volumes
The PED categoryis assigned according to the Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU.
Requirements apply to the relevantpressure levelsin the compressor if a limit value for the product
of pressure relative to the environment and relevant internal free volume is exceeded. For the
calculation of the PED category, a differentiation must be made between the high- and low-pressure
sides. The highestof the calculation results is considered to determine the PED category.
YF*K1E scroll compressors can be operated with either A1 orA2L refrigerants. To determinethe
PED category a distinction is made between refrigerants of fluid group 1 (flammable) and fluid
group 2 (non-flammable).As a result, identicalcompressor models maybe subject to different PED
categories depending on the refrigerantused.
Compressorrange
Refrigerant
Fluid group
PED class
YF05K1E to YF15K1E
R404A, R407A, R407F,
R448A, R449A
2
1
R454C, R455A,R454A
1
2
Table 6: PEDcategory

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2.5 Dimensions
Figure 2: Front view drawing
Figure 3: Upper view drawing
NOTE: The 7/8" connection in blue colour (see dimension F) is an additional brazing
connection for paralleling models (BOM versions GDW andGDZ).
Compressor
A ± 3.0
(mm)
B
(mm)
C ± 3.0
(mm)
D
(mm)
E
(mm)
F
(mm)
Ø G
(mm)
Ø H
(mm)
Ø I
(mm)
Ø J
(mm)
YF05K1E
368.8
343.8
244.5
280
163.1
69.6
1/2"
3/4"
165.8
3/8"
YF06K1E &
YF07K1E
391.4
366.4
264.4
302.6
185.7
75.3
1/2"
3/4"
165.8
3/8"
YF09K1E
405.1
380.1
277.1
316.4
198.4
88
1/2"
3/4"
165.8
3/8"
YF10K1E to
YF15K1E
442
409.6
296.7
340.9
225.2
79.6
1/2"
7/8"
185.5
3/8"
Table 7: Dimensions ofYF*K1E compressor models

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 7
3 Installation
WARNING
High pressure! Injury to skinand eyes possible! Be careful when opening
connections on a pressurized item.
3.1 Compressorhandling
3.1.1 Transport and storage
WARNING
Risk of collapse! Personal injuries! Move compressors only with
appropriate mechanical or handling equipment according to weight. Keep in
the upright position. Respect stacking loadsaccording to Figure 4. Check the
tilting stability and if needed take action to ensure the stability of the stacked
loads. Keep the packaging dryat all times.
Respect the maximum number of identical packages which may be stacked on one
another, where "n" is the limiting number:
▪Transport: n = 1
▪Storage: n = 2
Figure 4: Maximum stacking loads for transport andstorage
The compressortilt angle should not exceed 30° during transport and handling.This will prevent oil
from exiting through the suction stub. A tilt angleof maximum45° is allowed for a very short time.
Tilting the compressormore than 45° mightaffect its lubrication atstart-up.
NOTE: The compressor is pre-chargedwith dry airto avoid any moisture contamination.
3.1.2 Positioning and securing
IMPORTANT
Handling damage! Compressor malfunction! Only use the lifting eyes
whenever the compressor requires positioning. Using discharge or suction
connections for lifting may cause damage or leaks.
The compressorshould be kept vertical during handling.
The discharge connection plug should be removed first before pulling the suction connection plug to
allow the dry air pressure inside the compressor to escape. Pulling the plugs in this sequence
prevents oil mist from coating the suction tube making brazing difficult. The copper-coated steel
suction tube should be cleaned before brazing.
The plugs mustberemovedaslateaspossiblebeforebrazingsothattheairhumiditydoesnot affect
the oil characteristics.
For YF*K1E compressors, as oil might spill outof the suction connection located low on the shell,
the suctionconnection plug mustbe left in place until the compressor is set into the unit.
No object, eg, a swaging toolshould beinserted deeper than 51 mminto the suction tubeas it might
damage the suction screen and motor.
3.1.3 Installation location
Ensure the compressors are installed on a solid level base. Forsingle-compressor applications,the
compressor tilt angle during operation should not exceed 15° to allow adequate lubrication. For
multiple-compressor parallel configurations, the compressors must be positioned completely
vertically on a totally horizontal surface or rail.

8 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
3.2 Mounting parts
The compressors are designed to be mounted on vibration absorber grommets. The grommets
dampen the start-up surge of the compressor and minimise sound and vibration transmission to the
compressor base during operation. The metal sleeve inside is a guide designed to hold the grommet
in place. It is not designed as a load-bearing member, and application of excessive torque to the
bolts can crush the sleeve. Its inner diameteris approximately 8.5 mm to fit, eg, an M8 screw. The
mounting torque should be 13 ± 1 Nm. It is critically important that the grommet is notcompressed.
If the compressors are mounted in tandemor used in parallel, then the hard mountings (bolt M8) are
recommended.The mounting torque should be 27 ± 1 Nm.
See Emerson spare parts software for reference.
Standard mounting parts for YF*K1E–Soft mountings
Alternative mounting parts for YF*K1E –Hard mountings
Figure 5: Mounting parts
3.3 Brazing procedure
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove allrefrigerantbefore opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
WARNING
High temperature! Burning! Proceed with caution when brazing system
components. Do not touch the compressoruntil it has cooled down. Ensure
that othermaterials in the area of thecompressordo not come into contact
with it.
CAUTION
Blockage! Compressorbreakdown! Maintain a flowof oxygen-free nitrogen
through the system at very low-pressure during brazing.Nitrogen displaces
the air and prevents the formation of copper oxides in the system. If allowed
to form, the copper oxidematerialcan later be swept throughthe systemand
block screens such as those protecting capillary tubes, thermal expansion
valves, and accumulator oil return orifices.
Contaminationor moisture! Bearing failure! Do notremove the connection
plugs until the compressor is set into the unit. This minimises any entry of
contaminantsand moisture.

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 9
3.3.1 General brazingprocedure
Copeland scroll compressors have copper-plated steel
suction and discharge stub tubes. These stub tubesare
far more robust and less prone to leaks than copper
tubes.Duetothedifferentthermalpropertiesofsteeland
copper, brazing must be carried out in an appropriate
manner.
Referto Figure 6 and procedure belowfor the brazing of
the stub tube connectionsof a scrollcompressor.
▪Flushing oxygen-free nitrogen through the piping during the brazing process isrecommended for
applicationswithA1 refrigerants and mandatory for applicationswith flammable A2L refrigerants.
▪The copper-coated steel tubes on scroll compressorscan be brazed in approximately the same
manneras any copper tube.
▪Recommended brazing materials: any Silfos material is recommended, preferably with a
minimum of 5 % silver. However, 0% silveris acceptable.
▪Be sure tube fitting inner diameter and tube outer diameter are clean prior to assembly.
▪Using a double-tipped torch, apply heat in area 1.
▪As the tube approachesbrazing temperature, move the torch flame to area 2.
▪Heat area 2untilbrazetemperatureis attained, movingthetorchup anddownandrotatingaround
the tube as necessary to heat the tube evenly. Add braze materialto the jointwhile moving the
torch around the jointto flow braze material around the circumference.
▪After the braze material flows around the joint, move the torch to heat area 3. This will draw the
braze material down into the joint. The time spentheating area 3 should be minimal.
▪As with any brazed joint, overheating maybe detrimental to the final result.
NOTE: Since the discharge stub contains a check valve, care must be taken not to overheat
it to prevent brazing material fromflowinginto it.
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YF*K1Ecompressors in parallelapplications
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove allrefrigerantbefore opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
Only compressor models officially approved by Emerson in the qualified configuration may be used
for parallel applications. For YF*K1E compressors in parallel applications with passive oil
management, additional precautions shallbe taken before brazing the oil and gasequalization ports.
The sequence shallbe asfollows:
First, install the compressors on the base frame and tilt the assembly so thatoil willnot be lost when
opening the cap. The gas and oil equalization line assembly should be ready for brazing atthis point.
For new compressors, release the protective gascharge: the rubberplug from the discharge port of
the compressorhas to be removed first, then the rubber plug fromthe oil port.
Most probably the oil port will be coated with some oil. It is mandatory to clean out the oil before
brazing.If theinnersurfaceiscontaminatedwithoilthebrazingmaterialwillnotadheretothesurface
and the joint will fail, generating leakage. The oil should be carefully wiped out with industrial
absorption paper. Industrialsolvents on a clean cloth can be used too butonly with great care.Note
that emery cloth will not remove the oil.
It is possible that the oil cannotbe completely cleaned out. In this case additional measures should
be taken. For instance,if a connection is coated with flux then the residualoilwill be removed when
brazing thanks to the applied heat.
If an active oil level control is to be used, please refer to the product documentation when brazing
the connection adaptor.
: Brazing areas
Figure 6: Brazingareas

10 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
3.4 Pressure safetycontrols
3.4.1 High-pressure protection
Applicable regulations and standards, for example EN 378-2, shall be followed to apply appropriate
control and ensure that the pressure never exceeds the maximumlimit.
High-pressureprotectionisrequiredtostopthecompressoroperatingoutsidetheallowablepressure
limits. The high-pressure control must be installed correctly, which means that no service valve is
allowed between the compressor and the pressure protection.
The high-pressure cut-out setting shall be determined according to the applicable standard, the type
of system, the refrigerantand the maximumallowable pressure PS.
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection
CAUTION
Operation outside the application envelope! Compressor breakdown! A
low-pressure protection shall be fitted in the suction line to stop the
compressor when it operatesoutside the envelope limits.
Applicableregulationsandstandardsshall befollowedtoapplyappropriatesafetycontrolandensure
that the pressure is always above the required minimum limit.
Low-pressureprotectionisrequiredtostopthecompressoroperatingoutsidetheallowableenvelope
limits. The low-pressure control must be installed correctly into the suction line,which meansthat no
service valve is allowed between the compressor and the pressure protection.
The minimum cut-outsetting shall be determined according to the refrigerantand the allowed
operation envelope –see Select software at www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-resources.
3.5 Protection of A2L refrigerant systems operatingbelowatmospheric pressure
WARNING
Operation below ambient pressure! Fire hazard! During operation below
atmospheric pressure, a flammable mixture can form inside the system.
Ensure system tightnessto preventany ingress of air.
Special requirementsforsafetyand tightnessapplyto YF*K1Ecompressorsystems that are to be
operated belowatmosphericpressure. The following precautions must be observed:
▪Check all the critical points on the systemand piping connections; tightnesshas to be ensured
also at very lowpressure.
▪Minimum absolute working pressure: 0.5 bar.
▪The installation of mechanical high-pressure and low-pressure cut-outs is mandatory. For
systems provided with a service shut-off valve on the discharge side of the compressor, only a
mechanical pressure cut-out shall be used. Electronic pressure limiters, which could cause
delayed sensor response,are not allowed.
▪The high- and low-pressure cut-outs must be installed correctly on the discharge and suction
lines, which means that no service valve is allowed between the compressorand the pressure
protection (refer to EN 378 or ISO 5149).
▪A discharge temperature control is mandatory to stop the compressor when the maximum
discharge temperature is exceeded –see section 3.7 "Discharge gas temperature
protection".
▪Additional warning notices shall be affixed to any system equipped with shut-off valves. The
warnings must contain instructionsto open the shut-off valvescompletely after each repair or
maintenance work. The compressors may only be energized when the safety measures (high-
and low-pressure cut-outs and discharge temperature cut-out) have been checked and verified
to be operational.
NOTE:Ifany ofthe abovepointscannotbemet,thecompressors mustnotbeoperatedbelow
atmospheric pressure!

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 11
3.6 Crankcase heater
WARNING
Ignition source in a potentially flammable atmosphere! Firehazard! The
crankcase heater is not an ignition source during normal operation in A2L
systems but could become one when not installed properly according to
installation instructions.Ensure correct electrical and mechanical installation.
CAUTION
Overheating and burnout!Compressor damage! Never apply power to the
crankcase heater in free air, before the crankcase heateris installed on the
compressor or when it is not in complete contact with the compressor shell.
IMPORTANT
Oil dilution! Bearing malfunction! Turn the crankcase heateron12 hours
before starting the compressor.
A crankcase heater is used to prevent refrigerant from migrating into the shell during standstill
periods. The installation of a crankcase heater is required when the system charge exceeds the
charge limits indicated in Table 8. This requirement is independent from system type and
configuration.
Compressormodel
Refrigerant
chargelimit
(kg)
Crankcase heater
Position
Height
in mm
YF05K1E to YF09K1E
1.54
10 - 40
YF10K1E to YF15K1E
1.93
Table 8: Refrigerantcharge limits &crankcase heater position
The initial start-up in the field is a very critical moment for any compressor because all load-bearing
surfaces are newand require a short break-in period to carry highloads underadverse conditions.
The crankcase heater must be turned on a minimum of 12 hours prior to starting the
compressor. This will prevent oil dilution and bearing stress on initial start-up. The crankcase
heater must remain energizedduringcompressor off cycles.
NOTE: Please refer to the accessories and spare parts list available at
www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-resources to select the correct crankcase heater
model.
Caution: Crankcase heaters must be properly grounded!
For installation, the manufacturer/installer shallfollowthe recommendations mentioned below.
Assembly instructions
▪Choose the appropriate model according to compressorsize and required wattage.
▪Check the compressorapplication guidelines for crankcase heater connection and operation.
▪Positionthecrankcase heaterbetween the lower coverand the lower bearing weld projection
(Fig. 7).
▪Fit the heater horizontally around the crankcase, ensuring that it is in close contact with the
compressor housing along theentire length.
▪Avoid having the heating portion ofthe heater in contactwith any weld projection (Fig. 8 & 9).
▪Avoid having the assembly heaterinclined (Fig. 10).
▪Close the lock and tighten the screw, torque: 2-3 Nm.
▪The excess clamp bracket maybe trimmed. Sharp edges must not come into contact with wires.
▪The presence of the heater shall be made evidentby the posting of caution signs or markings at
appropriate locations.

12 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10
Electrical connection
▪Connect the crankcase heater according to the compressor application guidelines.
▪The crankcase heater must be connected only to its rated voltage.
▪The metal braid of the heater must be connected to a suitableearthing terminal.
▪Check the resistance according to the technical data.
▪Performan insulation test before start-up.
▪Electrical security and safety measures are to be provided on site.
3.7 Discharge gas temperature protection
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Scroll set damage! All YF*K1E compressorsmust
be equipped with a discharge gas temperature protection.
A good system control shall prevent the system from operating outside the published operating
envelope and acceptable superheat range, whatever the climatic conditions and the capacity
demand. However, under some extreme operating conditions such as loss of charge or improper
control operation, the internal discharge gas temperature reached can cause compressordamage.
In order to ensure positive compressor protection, discharge gas temperature protection is required
for any applicationwith Copeland brand compressors.
The maximum discharge gastemperature is 130 °C for YF*K1E compressors.
Discharge gas temperature protection is the "fall-back" for failure of the system control. It is essential
that proper control of both the evaporating and condensing pressures and the superheat is
maintained and has theabilitytocopewithalllikelyconditionsand highloads.Relianceonprotectors
will cause inadequate system performance and short cycling.
NOTE: The maximum discharge gas temperatures indicated in this chapter are validfor safe
operation within the approved application envelope.The discharge line thermostat has the
function of a compressor protection device; it is not designed to control the operating
envelope. For compressor envelope control, an additionalcontrol device or regulationmust
be used.
3.7.1 Excessive discharge gas temperatures
A fewof the possible consequences of excessive discharge gas temperatures are listed below:
▪Since the oil circulates in the systemwith the refrigerant,it is subjected to high discharge gas
temperatures. If the discharge gastemperature becomestoo high,the so-called "cooking"effect
will occur (heating of oil under exclusion of air). Carbon deposits can form at points of high
temperature,forexampleonthevalves,oilchannels,oilfilters,etc.Theoillubricitywillbereduced
and a progressive wear process will occur whichwill prematurely damage the compressor.
▪The stability of the refrigerant can also be affected, particularly if traces of contaminant are
present.
The problems described above frequently occur simultaneously, particularly since the chemical
reaction speed approximately doubles with every 10 °C temperature rise. This directly leads to
chemical reactions of the oil with the refrigerant and the compounds extracted fromsealants and
insulation material. As a consequence,contaminants of various types,among them acids, will form
inside the system.

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 13
3.7.2 Discharge line thermostat
YF*K1E compressors haveno internal discharge gas temperature protection. Therefore, an external
discharge line thermostat must be installed.
Figure 11: Discharge line thermostatwithclamp
Technical data of the discharge line thermostat
Compressor range
YF*K1E
Voltage
120-240VAC
Maximum amperage
5 A / 240 V
Operating temperatures
Open
134 °C (± 4 K)
Close
106 °C (± 8 K)
Wire insulation maximumtemperature
150 °C
Clipsfortube
ø 12.7mm (0.5")
Table 9: Discharge line thermostat –Technical data
To ensure proper functioning and to avoid false readings, the discharge line thermostat must be
installed and insulated according to the procedure and recommendations hereunder.
Assembly of the discharge line thermostat
▪Install the discharge linethermostatonthe
discharge tube 120 mm fromtop cap.
▪Snap the retainerclip overthe tubeandonto
the thermostat.
▪The thermostatshould be placedonthe
discharge tube sothat its bodyis in upward
position on a horizontaltubeinstallation.
▪Ensure that the thermostatisnot tilted.
▪The wire mustnot bein contactwith the top
cap of the compressororthe discharge tube.
Careshould be taken to route wiresso that
they do not come intocontactwith sharp
objects.
▪To avoidanyimpacton tripping temperature
by the ambient,thedischargelinethermostat
mustbe insulated.
▪Wrap thermal insulationaround thepipeleft
and right of the thermostatand secure itwith
plasticstraps.
▪Wrap a second layerof insulationaroundthe
firstone and aroundthethermostatand
secure it with plasticstraps.

14 AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01
3.8 Internal pressure reliefvalve
There is an internal pressure relief valve on YF*K1Ecompressors. It opensat adifferential pressure
of 40.5 bar(g) ± 3 bar between high- and low-pressure sides. A high-pressure protection must be
provided by the systemmanufacturer/installer for each system and according to EN 378-2, clause
6.2.6.2. The IPR valve is a safety device, not an HP switch. It is not designed for repeated operation
and thereis no guaranteethat it willreset correctlyif it doeshave repeatedoperation.
3.9 Discharge checkvalve
YF*K1E compressors contain an internal check valve on the discharge connection. The discharge
check valve prevents the high-pressure discharge gas from flowing rapidly back through the
compressor aftershutdown.
NOTE: This check valve cannot be used with recycling pumpdown because it is not entirely
leak-proof.
3.10 Filterscreens
CAUTION
Screen blocking! Compressor breakdown! Use screens with at least
0.6 mm openings.
The use of filter screens finer than 30 x 30 mesh (0.6 mmopenings) anywhere in the systemshould
be avoided with these compressors.Field experience has shown that finer mesh screens used to
protect thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes or accumulators can become temporarily or
permanently plugged with normalsystem debrisand block the flowof eitheroil or refrigerant to the
compressor. Such blockage can result in compressor failure.
3.11 Mufflers
Gas flow through scroll compressors is continuouswith relatively low pulsation. External mufflers
may not be required on Copeland scroll compressors. Due to system variability, individual tests
should be conducted by the system manufacturerto verify acceptable levels of sound and vibration.
If adequate attenuation is notachieved, use a muffler with a largercross-sectional area to inlet area
ratio. A ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 is recommended. A hollowshell muffler will work quite well. Locate the
muffler at minimum15 cm to maximum45 cm fromthe compressor for the most effective operation.
The fartherthemuffleris placedfromthecompressorwithintheseranges, themoreeffective.Choose
a muffler with a length of 10 to 15 cm.
3.12 Sound shell
For the selection of sound reduction material in A2L applications, attention shall be paid to the
electrostatic charge of the material, which could be a potential ignition source.
The standard Emerson sound shell material is not an ignition source for A2L refrigerants (R454C,
R455A and R454A).
NOTE: Please see Emerson spare parts software at www.climate.emerson.com/en-gb/tools-
resources to check the available soundshell kits according to compressor model.
3.13 Insulationmaterial
Insulation material is commonlyused in a system to insulate the suction line, suction accumulator,
expansion valve bulb or discharge line thermostat. When choosing the insulation materialfor A2L
applications, particular attention shall be paid to its non-electrostatic properties, as it could be a
potential ignition source.

AGL_Ref_ST_YFK1E_EN_Rev01 15
3.14 Sound and vibration
WARNING
Vibrations! Creation of a flammable atmosphere! Carefully check the
system for vibrations in applications with A2L refrigerants.
Vibrations during compressor operation can cause cracks which could lead to refrigerant leakage.
This situation must be avoided bythe system manufacturer/installer. To thisend, the pipework must
be carefully designed when connecting a scrollcompressorto a system.
Ascrollcompressormakesbotharockingand twistingmotion
and enough flexibility must be provided in the pipework to
allow starting, stopping and steady state running of the
compressor without transmitting excessive stress into any
line attached to the unit. In a splitsystem, the most important
goal is to ensure minimal vibrationin all directions to avoid
transmitting vibrations to the structure to which the lines are
fastened.
Under some conditions, the Copeland scroll has a normal
starting rotational motion that can transmita transient noise
along the lines. This may be particularly pronounced in
compressors using a three-phase motor due to their
inherently higherstarting torque. This phenomenon, likethe
one described previously, can easily be avoided by using
standard line isolation techniques.
The sound levelofasystemis theresultof design, qualityand application.Scrollcompressorssound
powerlevelsgenerallyincreasewiththecompressormodelcapacityandtheconditionpressureratio.
3.15 Compressoroil return, oil balancing, floodback andoil dilutiontests
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Bearing and moving parts destruction! Ensure
adequate oil return fromthe system into the compressorat all times. No liquid
refrigerant should return to the compressor. Liquid refrigerant dilutesthe oil,
could wash the oil off the bearingsand moving parts and could lead to local
overheating and compressor failure.
The systempiping mustbe carefully designed to ensure sufficient refrigerant gasvelocity, so that oil
returns to the compressor at all times and conditions.Individual piping diameter calculation depends
on the refrigerant properties, pressure,mass flow, and density.
Once a new systemdesign is set and assembled, a functional testis required.The functional test
includes a qualification for the general systemoil return and a refrigerant floodback and oil dilution
test. Systems with multiple compressors (two, three, or more) require additional oil balancing
qualification between the parallelcompressors.
A sample compressor equipped with an external oil sight tube can be ordered fromEmerson for lab
testing.
Records of the evaporating temperature and the bottom shell temperature shallbe takenwith a high
sampling rate during the entire oil return or oil balance testing and under all tested conditions. The
liquid level in the sight tube has to be observed and recorded too. Testing conditions shallinclude
the different operation modes and varying loads. If the system is reversible, the tests should be
conducted in cooling,heating and defrost modes.
System engineers should review the systemdesign and operation to identify the critical conditions
and to check oil return, oil balancing, liquid floodback and oil dilution. Typically, the following
situations should beconsidered:
▪In single compressor systems: to check oil return, testing conditionsshall be at minimum mass
flow and minimum density of suction gas in continuous and frequentstart/stop-cycling.
▪In multiple compressor systems: to check oil return and oil balancing in the tandem or trio,
testing conditionsshall be at the corner pointsof the systemapplication envelope in continuous
and frequentstart/stop-cycling.
Figure 12: Example of suction tube
design