Emerson Copeland YB56K1G Instruction Manual

Copeland™Scroll Compressors
for R290 Applications
YB56K1G to YB97K1G
Application Guidelines

AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
About these guidelines ................................................................................................ 1
1Safety instructions............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Icon explanation.................................................................................................................1
1.2 Safety statements ..............................................................................................................2
1.3 General instructions...........................................................................................................2
2Product description .......................................................................................... 3
2.1 Compressor range .............................................................................................................3
2.2 Nomenclature.....................................................................................................................3
2.3 BOM variations ..................................................................................................................3
2.4 Application range ...............................................................................................................4
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerant and oil....................................................................................4
2.4.2 Application limits.....................................................................................................4
2.4.3 PED category and maximum allowable pressure PS ............................................4
2.5 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................5
3Installation......................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Compressor handling.........................................................................................................6
3.1.1 Transport and storage............................................................................................6
3.1.2 Positioning and securing........................................................................................6
3.1.3 Installation location.................................................................................................6
3.2 Mounting parts ...................................................................................................................7
3.3 Brazing procedure..............................................................................................................7
3.3.1 General brazing procedure.....................................................................................8
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YB*K1G compressors in parallel applications....................8
3.4 Pressure safety controls ....................................................................................................9
3.4.1 High-pressure protection........................................................................................9
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection.........................................................................................9
3.5 System protection for operation below atmospheric pressure...........................................9
3.6 Crankcase heater.............................................................................................................10
3.7 Soft starters......................................................................................................................11
3.8 Discharge gas temperature protection.............................................................................11
3.8.1 Excessive discharge gas temperatures ...............................................................12
3.8.2 Discharge line thermostat.....................................................................................12
3.9 Discharge check valve.....................................................................................................13
3.10 Filter screens ...................................................................................................................13
3.11 Mufflers ............................................................................................................................13
3.12 Sound shell ......................................................................................................................14
3.13 Insulation material............................................................................................................14
3.14 Sound and vibration.........................................................................................................14
3.15 Compressor oil return, oil balancing, refrigerant floodback and oil dilution tests ............14
3.16 Suction line accumulator..................................................................................................15

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4Electrical connection...................................................................................... 17
4.1 General recommendations...............................................................................................17
4.2 Electrical installation ........................................................................................................17
4.3 Terminal box ....................................................................................................................18
4.3.1 Terminal box –IP54.............................................................................................19
4.3.2 Terminal box –IP65.............................................................................................19
4.4 Motor insulation................................................................................................................20
4.5 Motor protection...............................................................................................................20
4.6 High-potential testing .......................................................................................................20
5Start-up & operation........................................................................................ 22
5.1 Strength-pressure test .....................................................................................................22
5.1.1 Compressor strength-pressure test......................................................................22
5.1.2 System strength-pressure test .............................................................................22
5.2 Compressor tightness test...............................................................................................23
5.3 System evacuation...........................................................................................................23
5.4 Preliminary checks –Pre-starting....................................................................................23
5.5 Charging procedure .........................................................................................................24
5.6 Run-in time.......................................................................................................................24
5.7 Initial start-up ...................................................................................................................24
5.8 Rotation direction.............................................................................................................24
5.9 Start-up and shut-off sound .............................................................................................25
5.10 Deep vacuum operation...................................................................................................25
5.11 Pumpdown cycle..............................................................................................................25
5.12 Shell temperature.............................................................................................................26
5.13 Minimum run time ............................................................................................................26
5.14 Supply frequency and voltage .........................................................................................26
5.15 Oil level ............................................................................................................................26
6Maintenance & repair...................................................................................... 28
6.1 Qualification of workers....................................................................................................28
6.2 Preparation and work procedure .....................................................................................28
6.3 Disassembling system components ................................................................................29
6.4 Exchanging the refrigerant...............................................................................................29
6.5 Replacing a compressor..................................................................................................30
6.5.1 Compressor replacement.....................................................................................30
6.5.2 Start-up of a new or replacement compressor.....................................................30
6.5.3 Compressor return procedure..............................................................................31
6.6 Lubrication and oil removal..............................................................................................31
6.7 Oil additives .....................................................................................................................32
7Dismantling & disposal................................................................................... 33
8References....................................................................................................... 33

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Appendix 1: Tightening torques................................................................................ 34
DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................... 34

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About these guidelines
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance in the application of Copeland™scroll
compressors in users’ systems. They are intended to answer the questions raised while designing,
assembling and operating a system with these products.
Besides the support they provide, the instructions listed herein are also critical for the proper and
safe functioning of the compressors. The performance and reliability of the product may be impacted
if the product is not used according to these guidelines or is misused.
These application guidelines cover stationary applications only. For mobile applications, please
contact the Application Engineering department at Copeland as other considerations may apply.
1 Safety instructions
Copeland scroll compressors are manufactured according to the latest relevant European, UK and
US safety standards. Particular emphasis has been placed on the user’s safety.
YB*K1G compressors are intended for installation in systems in accordance with the following
directives and regulations:
Machinery Directive MD 2006/42/EC
Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulation 2016
Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU
Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulation 2008
Low Voltage Directive LVD 2014/35/EU
Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulation 2016
They may be put to service only if they have been installed in systems according to instructions and
conform to the corresponding provisions of the applicable legislation. For relevant standards please
refer to the Manufacturer’s Declaration, available at www.copeland.com/en-gb.
In order to keep the system compliant with the ATEX Directive 99/92/EC, all accessories to be fitted
on the compressor, eg, oil level regulator, crankcase heater, discharge line thermostat, shall comply
with the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU Zone 2. If one of these accessories does not comply, the
complete system will lose its compliance with the ATEX Directive 99/92/EC and therefore can be
operated only in a non-flammable environment.
NOTE: Only dedicated compressors are allowed to be used with flammable refrigerants.
Copeland marks all compressors that are qualified for A3 refrigerants with a sticker indicating
the usage of such refrigerants. Systems using flammable refrigerants must be executed
correctly while observing safety rules, as specified in corresponding safety standards such
as, but not limited to EN 378. They must comply with any and all applicable legislation and
regulations. Ensuring compliance remains the user’s responsibility.
The Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) of the refrigerant shall be considered –please check the
document provided by the gas supplier.
These instructions shall be retained throughout the lifetime of the compressor. You are strongly
advised to follow these safety instructions.
1.1 Icon explanation
WARNING
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
personal injury and material damage.
Fire hazard
This icon indicates a risk of flammable
atmosphere.
High voltage
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of electric shock.
CAUTION
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
property damage and possible personal
injury.
Danger of burning or frostbite
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of burning or frostbite.
IMPORTANT
This icon indicates instructions to avoid
malfunction of the compressor.
Explosion hazard
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of explosion.
NOTE
This word indicates a recommendation
for easier operation.
Danger of explosive atmosphere
This icon indicates a risk of explosive
atmosphere.

2 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
1.2 Safety statements
▪Refrigerant compressors must be employed only for their intended use. The system has
to be labelled according to the applicable standards and legislation.
▪Only qualified and authorized RACHP (refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump)
personnel are permitted to install, commission and maintain this equipment. Only
competent personnel (as specified in EN 13313) qualified for flammable refrigerant
handling is permitted to commission, initiate and maintain the compressor/refrigeration
systems using flammable refrigerant; non-trained personnel, including the user, are not
allowed to do so and must call on an expert.
▪When planning and building systems, a risk assessment and corresponding precautions
for risk mitigation must be taken by the system designer. Special attention must be paid
to flammability when dealing with A3 refrigerants.
▪The maximum refrigerant charge is specified in standards such as, but not limited to
EN 378, EN 60335-2-40 and EN 60335-2-89. The system designer shall implement all safety
measures defined by the applicable standards and the maximum refrigerant charge shall
not be exceeded.
▪If a flammable atmosphere is detected, immediately take all necessary precautions to
mitigate the risk as determined in the risk assessment.
▪Electrical connections must be made by qualified electrical personnel.
▪All valid standards for connecting electrical and refrigeration equipment must be
observed.
▪The national legislation and regulations regarding personnel protection must be observed.
Use personal safety equipment. Safety goggles, gloves, protective
clothing, safety boots and hard hats should be worn where necessary.
1.3 General instructions
WARNING
Pressurized system! Serious personal injuries and/or system
breakdown! Accidental system start before complete set-up must be avoided.
Never leave the system unattended without locking it out electrically when it is
under vacuum and has no refrigerant charge, when it has a holding charge of
nitrogen, or when the compressor service valves are closed.
WARNING
System breakdown! Personal injuries! Only approved refrigerants and
refrigeration oils must be used.
WARNING
High shell temperature! Burning! Do not touch the compressor until it has
cooled down. Ensure that other materials in the area of the compressor do not
come into contact with it. Lock and mark accessible sections.
CAUTION
Overheating! Bearing damage! Do not operate compressor without
refrigerant charge or without it being connected to the system.
CAUTION
Contact with refrigerant oil! Material damage! Polyalkylene glycol (PAG)
lubricant must be handled carefully and the proper protective equipment
(gloves, eye protection, etc.) must be used at all times. Refrigerant oil must
not come into contact with any surface or material that it might damage,
including, without limitation, certain polymers, eg, PVC/CPVC and
polycarbonate.
IMPORTANT
Transit damage! Compressor malfunction! Use original packaging. Avoid
collisions and tilting.

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2 Product description
2.1 Compressor range
These application guidelines cover Copeland scroll compressor models YB*K1G for medium
temperature refrigeration applications. YB*K1G scroll compressors are operated with A3 refrigerants.
Compressor
Cooling capacity*
(kW)
Motor
YB56K1G
12.5
TFD
YB64K1G
14.9
TFD
YB81K1G
17.7
TFD
YB97K1G
20.9
TFD
* Refrigerant dew temperature, evaporating temperature: -10 °C; condensing temperature: 45 °C; suction gas
superheat: 10 K; liquid sub-cooling: 0 K; frequency: 50 Hz
Table 1: YB*K1G model overview for MT applications
2.2 Nomenclature
The model designation contains the following technical information about the compressor:
Figure 1: Nomenclature
2.3 BOM variations
The BOM (bill of material) characters at the end of the compressor designation indicate the different
compressor layouts and details. YB*K1G compressors are available in the following BOM versions:
BOM
Suction and discharge
connections
T-Box
Mounting
parts
Features
GCZ
Brazing stub tubes
IP54
Without
Single compressor
GCY
Extra tube for paralleling
JCE
IP65
Single compressor
JCD
Extra tube for paralleling
9J3
Service version
Extra tube for paralleling
+ end cap for single use
Table 2: BOM variations
BOM versions JCE, JCD and 9J3 contain an IP65 terminal box, which complies with ATEX Directive
94/9/EC part II 3G. The compressor label conforms to the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU specifications
and to the harmonized standard series EN 60079. The ATEX marking for applications in gas
explosive atmosphere Zone 2 locations is as follows:
▪ATEX Directive 94/9/EC part: II 3G
▪Standard part (EN 60079-0, EN 60079-15): Ex nA IIA T2
Please refer to the Copeland price list for more details. The Declaration of Conformity is available
from the manufacturer upon request.

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2.4 Application range
2.4.1 Qualified refrigerant and oil
Compressors
YB*K1G
Qualified refrigerant
R290
Qualified oil (factory
charged)
PAG RLF 68 EP
Servicing oil
PAG RLF 68 EP
Table 3: Qualified refrigerant and oil
Oil recharge values can be taken from the compressor nameplate or from Copeland Select software
available at www.copeland.com/en-gb/tools-resources.
NOTE: R290 is classified as A3 flammable refrigerant.
2.4.2 Application limits
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Compressor breakdown! The superheat at the
compressor suction inlet must always be sufficient to ensure that no refrigerant
droplets enter the compressor. For a typical evaporator-expansion valve
configuration a minimum stable superheat of at least 10 K is required.
For application envelopes and technical data, please refer to Copeland Select software available at
www.copeland.com/en-gb.
2.4.3 PED category and maximum allowable pressure PS
The nameplate of the compressor contains information about the maximum allowable pressure PS,
the minimum and maximum allowed temperatures TS, the internal free volumes and the fluid groups
of the refrigerants qualified for the compressor model range. Values are given for both pressure
ranges on low- and high-pressure sides.
Compressor
PS
LP side
PS
HP side
TS max.
LP side
Internal free volume
LP side
HP side
YB56K1G
14 bar(g)
32 bar(g)
44 °C
11.8 L
1.5 L
YB64K1G
14 bar(g)
32 bar(g)
44 °C
11.8 L
1.5 L
YB81K1G
14 bar(g)
32 bar(g)
44 °C
12.7 L
1.5 L
YB97K1G
14 bar(g)
32 bar(g)
44 °C
12.7 L
1.5 L
Table 4: Maximum allowable pressures, temperatures and internal free volumes
The PED category is assigned according to the Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU.
Requirements apply to the relevant pressure levels in the compressor when the product of "pressure
relative to the environment" by "related internal free volume" (P x V) exceeds given limits. When
calculating the PED category, the high- and low-pressure sides have to be calculated separately.
The highest of the calculation results is considered.
The PED category also depends on the fluid group of the refrigerants qualified for the compressor
model range, also shown on the nameplate. A distinction is made between refrigerants of fluid
group 1 (flammable) and fluid group 2 (non-flammable). The YB*K1G compressors covered in these
application guidelines are operated with A3 refrigerants (fluid group 1).
Compressors
Refrigerant
Fluid group
PED
class
YB*K1G
R290
1
II
Table 5: PED class based on refrigerant and fluid group

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2.5 Dimensions
Figure 2: External dimensions –Front and top views
Compressors
A
(mm)
B
(mm)
C
(mm)
D
(mm)
E
(mm)
YB56K1G & YB64K1G
533.8
501.8
277.3
245.6
93.0
YB81K1G & YB97K1G
551.5
519.5
295.0
263.4
92.6
Table 6: Dimensions of compressors YB*K1G with BOM GCZ & GCY and IP54 T-Box
NOTE: The connection in blue colour is an additional connection for paralleling models (only
on models with BOM GCY).
Figure 3: External dimensions –Front and top views
Compressors
A
(mm)
B
(mm)
C
(mm)
D
(mm)
E
(mm)
YB56K1G & YB64K1G
533.6
501.8
277.3
253.4
93.0
YB81K1G & YB97K1G
551.5
519.5
295.0
271.4
92.6
Table 7: Dimensions of compressors YB*K1G with BOM JCE, JCD & 9J3 and IP65 T-Box
NOTE: The connection in blue colour is an additional connection for paralleling models (only
on models with BOM JCD and 9J3).

6 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
3 Installation
WARNING
High pressure! Injury to skin and eyes possible! Be careful when opening
connections on a pressurized item.
3.1 Compressor handling
3.1.1 Transport and storage
WARNING
Risk of collapse! Personal injuries! Move compressors only with
appropriate handling equipment according to weight. Keep in the upright
position. Respect stacking loads according to Figure 4. Check the tilting
stability and if needed take action to ensure the stability of the stacked loads.
Keep the packaging dry at all times.
Respect the maximum number of identical packages which may be stacked on one
another, where "n" is the limiting number:
▪Transport: n = 1
▪Storage: n = 2
Figure 4: Maximum stacking loads for transport and storage
The compressor tilt angle should not exceed 30° during transport and handling. This will prevent oil
from exiting through the suction stub. A tilt angle of maximum 45° is allowed for a very short time.
Tilting the compressor more than 45° might affect its lubrication at start-up.
NOTE: The compressor is pre-charged with dry air to avoid any moisture contamination.
3.1.2 Positioning and securing
IMPORTANT
Handling damage! Compressor malfunction! Only use the lifting eyes
whenever the compressor requires positioning. Using discharge or suction
connections for lifting may cause damage or leaks.
The compressor should be kept vertical during handling.
The discharge connection plug should be removed first before pulling the suction connection plug to
allow the dry air pressure inside the compressor to escape. Pulling the plugs in this sequence
prevents oil mist from coating the suction tube making brazing difficult. The copper-coated steel
suction tube should be cleaned before brazing.
The plugs must be removed as late as possible before brazing so that the air humidity does not affect
the oil characteristics.
For YB*K1G compressors, as oil might spill out of the suction connection located low on the shell,
the suction connection plug must be left in place until the compressor is set into the unit.
No object, eg, a swaging tool should be inserted deeper than 51 mm into the suction tube as it might
damage the suction screen and motor.
3.1.3 Installation location
The YB*K1G compressors shall be installed in Zone 2 locations, as defined by the ATEX directive,
or in non-hazardous atmospheres.
Ensure the compressors are installed on a solid level base. For single-compressor applications, the
compressor tilt angle during operation should not exceed 15° to allow adequate lubrication. For
multiple-compressor parallel configurations, the compressors must be positioned completely
vertically on a totally horizontal surface or rail.

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3.2 Mounting parts
The compressors are designed to be mounted on vibration absorber grommets. The grommets
dampen the start-up surge of the compressor and minimise sound and vibration transmission to the
compressor base during operation. The metal sleeve inside is a guide designed to hold the grommet
in place. It is not designed as a load-bearing member, and application of excessive torque to the
bolts can crush the sleeve. Its inner diameter is approximately 8.5 mm to fit, eg, an M8 screw. The
mounting torque should be 13 ± 1 Nm. It is critically important to avoid compressing the grommets.
If the compressors are mounted in tandem or used in parallel, then the hard mountings (bolt M8) are
recommended. The mounting torque should be 27 ± 1 Nm.
See Copeland spare parts and accessories catalogue available at www.copeland.com/en-gb/tools-
resources for reference.
Standard mounting parts for YB*K1G –Soft mountings
Alternative mounting parts for YB*K1G –Hard mountings
Figure 5: Mounting parts and sleeve
3.3 Brazing procedure
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove all refrigerant before opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
WARNING
High temperature! Burning! Proceed with caution when brazing system
components. Do not touch the compressor until it has cooled down. Ensure
that other materials in the area of the compressor do not come into contact
with it.
CAUTION
Blockage! Compressor breakdown! Maintain a flow of oxygen-free nitrogen
through the system at very low-pressure during brazing. Nitrogen displaces
the air and prevents the formation of copper oxides in the system. If allowed
to form, the copper oxide material can later be swept through the system and
block screens such as those protecting capillary tubes, thermal expansion
valves, and accumulator oil return orifices.
Contamination or moisture! Bearing failure! Do not remove the connection
plugs until the compressor is set into the unit. This minimises any entry of
contaminants and moisture.

8 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
3.3.1 General brazing procedure
Copeland scroll compressors have copper-plated steel
suction and discharge stub tubes. These stub tubes are
far more robust and less prone to leaks than copper
tubes. Make sure the brazing procedures are carried out
in an appropriate manner taking into account the
different thermal properties of steel and copper.
Refer to Figure 6 and procedure below for the brazing of
the stub tube connections of a scroll compressor.
▪It is mandatory to flush oxygen-free nitrogen through the piping during the brazing process of
systems using A3 flammable refrigerants.
▪The copper-coated steel tubes on scroll compressors can be brazed in approximately the same
manner as any copper tube.
▪Recommended brazing materials: any Silfos material is recommended, preferably with a
minimum of 5 % silver. However, 0 % silver is acceptable.
▪Be sure tube fitting inner and outer surfaces are clean prior to assembly.
▪Using a double-tipped torch, apply heat in area 1.
▪As the tube approaches brazing temperature, move the torch flame to area 2.
▪Heat area 2 until braze temperature is attained, moving the torch up and down and rotating around
the tube as necessary to heat the tube evenly. Add braze material to the joint while moving the
torch around the joint to flow braze material around the circumference.
▪After the braze material flows around the joint, move the torch to heat area 3. This will draw the
braze material down into the joint. The time spent heating area 3 should be minimal.
▪As with any brazed joint, overheating may be detrimental to the final result.
NOTE: Since the discharge stub contains a check valve, care must be taken not to overheat
it to prevent brazing material from flowing into it.
3.3.2 Brazing procedure for YB*K1G compressors in parallel applications
WARNING
Air/flammable refrigerant mixture! Creation of a potentially flammable
atmosphere! Fire hazard! Remove all refrigerant before opening the system.
When working on a refrigerant-filled system, make sure to follow the safety
and working instructions given in Chapter 6 "Maintenance & repair".
Only compressor models officially approved by Copeland in the qualified configuration may be used
for parallel applications. For YB*K1G compressors in parallel applications with passive oil
management, additional precautions shall be taken before brazing the oil and gas equalization ports.
The sequence shall be as follows:
First, install the compressors on the base frame and tilt the assembly so that oil will not be lost when
opening the cap. The gas and oil equalization line assembly should be ready for brazing at this point.
For new compressors, release the protective gas charge: the rubber plug from the discharge port of
the compressor has to be removed first, then the rubber plug from the oil port.
Most probably the oil port will be coated with some oil. It is mandatory to clean out the oil before
brazing. If the inner surface is contaminated with oil the brazing material will not adhere to the surface
and the joint will fail, generating leakage. The oil should be carefully wiped out with industrial
absorption paper. Industrial solvents on a clean cloth can be used too but only with great care. Note
that emery cloth will not remove the oil.
It is possible that the oil cannot be completely cleaned out. In this case additional measures should
be taken. For instance, if a connection is coated with flux then the residual oil will be removed when
brazing thanks to the applied heat.
If an active oil level control is to be used, eg, OM* TraxOil from Alco Controls, please refer to the
product documentation when brazing the connection adaptor.
Figure 6: Tube brazing areas

AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01 9
3.4 Pressure safety controls
Pressure protection devices to be used in ATEX Zone 2 locations must comply with the ATEX
directive requirements. Non ATEX-certified pressure protection devices shall NOT be used in ATEX
Zone 2 locations.
ATEX-approved pressure protection devices are available from Alco Controls. Please refer to the
dedicated "Product Guide for R290".
3.4.1 High-pressure protection
Applicable regulations and standards, for example EN 378-2, shall be followed to apply appropriate
control and ensure that the pressure never exceeds the maximum limit.
High-pressure protection is required to stop the compressor operating outside the allowable pressure
limits. The high-pressure control must be installed correctly, which means that no service valve is
allowed between the compressor and the pressure protection.
The high-pressure cut-out setting shall be determined according to the applicable standard, the type
of system, the refrigerant and the maximum allowable pressure PS.
3.4.2 Low-pressure protection
CAUTION
Operation outside the application envelope! Compressor breakdown! A
low-pressure protection shall be fitted in the suction line in order to stop the
compressor when it operates outside the envelope limits. Do not bridge or by-
pass the low-pressure limiter.
Applicable regulations and standards shall be followed to apply appropriate control and ensure that
the pressure is always above the required minimum limit.
Low-pressure protection is required to stop the compressor operating outside the allowable envelope
limits. The low-pressure control must be installed correctly into the suction line, which means that no
service valve is allowed between the compressor and the pressure protection.
The minimum cut-out setting shall be determined according to the refrigerant and the allowed
operation envelope –see Select software at www.copeland.com/en-gb/tools-resources.
3.5 System protection for operation below atmospheric pressure
WARNING
Operation below atmospheric pressure! Fire hazard! During operation
below atmospheric pressure, a flammable mixture can form inside the system.
Ensure system tightness to prevent any ingress of air.
YB*K1G compressors in R290 systems may be operated below atmospheric pressure only when
installed in hermetically sealed systems. For non-hermetically sealed systems, the pressure must
always be above atmospheric pressure. The operating pressure must be limited as defined by the
operation envelope –refer to the technical documentation.
When YB*K1G compressor systems operate below atmospheric pressure, the following precautions
must be observed.
▪Check all the critical points on the system and piping connections; tightness has to be ensured
also at very low pressure.
▪Minimum absolute working pressure: 0.5 bar.
▪The installation of mechanical high-pressure and low-pressure cut-outs is mandatory. For
systems provided with a service shut-off valve on the discharge side of the compressor, only a
mechanical pressure cut-out shall be used. Electronic pressure limiters, which could cause
delayed sensor response, are not allowed.
▪The high- and low-pressure cut-outs must be installed correctly on the discharge and suction
lines, which means that no service valve is allowed between the compressor and the pressure
protection (refer to EN 378 or ISO 5149).
▪A discharge temperature control is mandatory to stop the compressor when the maximum
discharge temperature is exceeded –see section 3.8 "Discharge gas temperature
protection".

10 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
▪Additional warning notices shall be affixed to any system equipped with shut-off valves. The
warnings must contain instructions to open the shut-off valves completely after each repair or
maintenance work. The compressors may only be energized when the safety measures (high-
and low-pressure cut-outs and discharge temperature cut-out) have been checked and verified
to be operational.
NOTE: All of the above points must be fulfilled. If any of them cannot be met, the compressor
shall not be operated below atmospheric pressure.
3.6 Crankcase heater
WARNING
Ignition source in a potentially flammable atmosphere! Fire hazard! The
crankcase heater, as specified by Copeland (see spare parts catalogue), is
not an ignition source during normal operation in A3-refrigerant systems but
could become one if not installed properly according to installation
instructions. Ensure correct electrical and mechanical installation.
CAUTION
Overheating and burnout! Compressor damage! Never apply power to the
crankcase heater in free air, before the crankcase heater is installed on the
compressor or when it is not in complete contact with the compressor shell.
IMPORTANT
Oil dilution! Bearing malfunction! Turn the crankcase heater on 12 hours
before starting the compressor.
A crankcase heater is used to prevent refrigerant from migrating into the shell during standstill
periods. The installation of a crankcase heater is required when the system charge exceeds the
charge limits indicated in Table 8. This requirement is independent from system type and
configuration.
Compressor model
Refrigerant
charge limit
(kg)
Crankcase heater
Position
Height
(mm)
YB*K1G
3.7
14 - 24
Table 8: Refrigerant charge limit & crankcase heater position
The initial start-up in the field is a very critical moment for any compressor because all load-bearing
surfaces are new and require a short break-in period to carry high loads under adverse conditions.
The crankcase heater must be turned on a minimum of 12 hours prior to starting the
compressor. This will prevent oil dilution and bearing stress on initial start-up. The crankcase
heater must remain energized during compressor off cycles.
Crankcase heaters to be used in ATEX Zone 2 locations must comply with the ATEX Directive
requirements. Non ATEX-certified crankcase heaters shall NOT be used in ATEX Zone 2 locations.
NOTE: The crankcase heater presently available from Copeland is not ATEX-certified and can
only be used in non-flammable environments. In case the available crankcase heater has to
be ordered from Copeland, please refer to the Copeland spare parts & accessories catalogue
available at www.copeland.com/en-gb/tools-resources to select the correct model.
Caution: Crankcase heaters must be properly grounded!
For installation, the manufacturer/installer shall follow the recommendations mentioned below.

AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01 11
Assembly instructions
▪Choose the appropriate model according to compressor size and required wattage.
▪Check the compressor application guidelines for crankcase heater connection and operation.
▪Position the crankcase heater between the lower cover and the lower bearing weld projection
(Fig. 7).
▪Fit the heater horizontally around the crankcase, ensuring that it is in close contact with the
compressor housing along the entire length.
▪Avoid having the heating portion of the heater in contact with any weld projection (Fig. 8 & 9).
▪Avoid having the assembly heater inclined (Fig. 10).
▪Close the lock and tighten the screw, torque: 2-3 Nm.
▪The excess clamp bracket may be trimmed. Sharp edges must not come into contact with wires.
▪The presence of the heater shall be made evident by the posting of caution signs or markings at
appropriate locations.
Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10
Electrical connection
▪Connect the crankcase heater according to the compressor application guidelines.
▪The crankcase heater must be connected only to its rated voltage.
▪The metal braid of the heater must be connected to a suitable earthing terminal.
▪Check the resistance according to the technical data.
▪Perform an insulation test before start-up.
▪Electrical security and safety measures are to be provided on site.
3.7 Soft starters
Copeland scroll fixed-speed compressors can generally be operated with soft starters. Soft starter
versions and sizes should be selected according to the soft starter manufacturer’s recommendations,
taking into consideration the compressor amps. Normally, the ramp-up time should not exceed
1 second.
Due to the inherent design of the Copeland scroll, the internal compression components start
unloaded, even if system pressures are not balanced. Since the compressor internal pressures are
balanced at start-up, low voltage starting characteristics are excellent, and starting components are
normally not required.
However, for extreme electrical conditions such as weak power supplies, single-phase soft starters
can be supplied on request by Copeland, while three-phase soft starters are available on the market.
3.8 Discharge gas temperature protection
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Scroll set damage! All YB*K1G compressors must
be equipped with a discharge gas temperature protection.
A good system control shall prevent the system from operating outside the published operating
envelope and acceptable superheat range, whatever the climatic conditions and the capacity
demand. However, under some extreme operating conditions such as loss of charge or improper
control operation, the internal discharge gas temperature reached can cause compressor damage.
In order to ensure positive compressor protection, discharge gas temperature protection is required
for any application with Copeland compressors.
The maximum discharge gas temperature is 135 °C for all YB*K1G compressors.
Discharge gas temperature protection is the "fall-back" for failure of the system control. It is essential
that proper control of both the evaporating and condensing pressures and the superheat is
maintained and has the ability to cope with all likely conditions and high loads. Reliance on protectors
will cause inadequate system performance and short cycling.

12 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
NOTE: The maximum discharge gas temperatures indicated in this chapter are valid for safe
operation within the approved application envelope. The discharge line thermostat has the
function of a compressor protection device; it is not designed to control the operating
envelope. For compressor envelope control, an additional control device or regulation must
be used.
3.8.1 Excessive discharge gas temperatures
A few of the possible consequences of excessive discharge gas temperatures are listed below:
▪Since the oil circulates in the system with the refrigerant, it is subjected to high discharge gas
temperatures. If the discharge gas temperature becomes too high, the so-called "cooking" effect
will occur (heating of oil under exclusion of air). Carbon deposits can form at points of high
temperature, for example on the valves, oil channels, oil filters, etc. The oil lubricity will be reduced
and a progressive wear process will occur which will prematurely damage the compressor.
▪The stability of the refrigerant can also be affected, particularly if traces of contaminant are
present.
The problems described above frequently occur simultaneously, particularly since the chemical
reaction speed approximately doubles with every 10 °C temperature rise. This directly leads to
chemical reactions of the oil with the refrigerant and the compounds extracted from sealants and
insulation material. As a consequence, contaminants of various types, among them acids, will form
inside the system.
3.8.2 Discharge line thermostat
YB*K1G compressors have no internal discharge gas temperature protection. Therefore, an external
discharge gas temperature protector must be installed.
Copeland can supply an ATEX discharge line thermostat which can be used with A1, A2L and A3
refrigerants. It can also be used in ATEX zone 2 or non-ATEX environments. This thermostat is
marked with a special ATEX label –see Figure 11.
Figure 11: ATEX discharge line thermostat and ATEX label
Technical data of the discharge line thermostat
Voltage
120-240 V AC
Maximum amperage
5 A / 240 V
Operating temperatures
Open
134 °C (± 4 K)
Close
106 °C (± 8 K)
Wire insulation maximum temperature
150 °C
Clips for tube
Ø 22.2 mm (7/8")
Table 9: Discharge line thermostat –Technical data
To be ATEX-compliant, the cable ends of the thermostat must be connected with suitable cable
glands and electrical enclosure to achieve a minimum protection degree of IP54 according to
IEC 60079-15, clause 6.3. When connecting the cable ends, a creepage distance of minimum 4 mm
and a clearance distance of 2.5 mm between the conductive parts at different potentials must be
maintained. Maximal voltage and amps values for the thermostat and a protection against electrical
shock must be respected during the installation.
Additionally, the ATEX compliance requires a protection of the thermostat body against mechanical
damage, according to IEC 60079-0, clause 26.4.2, table 13. There is no need for an additional
housing around the thermostat body. Protection against mechanical damage to the thermostat can
be achieved with an overall cover or box placed around the compressor or refrigerant system.
To ensure proper functioning and to avoid false readings, the discharge line thermostat must be
installed and insulated according to the procedure and recommendations hereunder.

AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01 13
Assembly of the discharge line thermostat
▪Install the discharge line thermostat on the
discharge tube 120 mm from top cap.
▪Snap the retainer clip over the tube and onto
the thermostat.
▪The thermostat should be placed on the
discharge tube so that its body is in upward
position on a horizontal tube installation.
▪Ensure that the thermostat is not tilted.
▪The wire must not be in contact with the top
cap of the compressor or the discharge tube.
Care should be taken to route wires so that
they do not come into contact with sharp
objects.
▪To avoid any impact on tripping temperature
by the ambient, the discharge line thermostat
must be insulated.
▪Wrap thermal insulation around the pipe left
and right of the thermostat and secure it with
plastic straps.
▪Wrap a second layer of insulation around the
first one and around the thermostat and
secure it with plastic straps.
3.9 Discharge check valve
YB*K1G compressors contain an internal check valve on the discharge connection. The discharge
check valve prevents the high-pressure discharge gas from flowing rapidly back through the
compressor after shutdown.
NOTE: This check valve cannot be used with recycling pumpdown because it is not entirely
leak-proof.
3.10 Filter screens
CAUTION
Screen blocking! Compressor breakdown! Use screens with at least
0.6 mm openings.
The use of filter screens finer than 30 x 30 mesh (0.6 mm openings) anywhere in the system should
be avoided with these compressors. Field experience has shown that finer mesh screens used to
protect thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes or accumulators can become temporarily or
permanently plugged with normal system debris and block the flow of either oil or refrigerant to the
compressor. Such blockage can result in compressor failure.
3.11 Mufflers
Gas flow through scroll compressors is continuous with relatively low pulsation. External mufflers
may not be required on Copeland scroll compressors. Due to system variability, individual tests
should be conducted by the system manufacturer to verify acceptable levels of sound and vibration.
If adequate attenuation is not achieved, use a muffler with a larger cross-sectional area to inlet area
ratio. A ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 is recommended. A hollow shell muffler will work quite well. Locate the
muffler at minimum 15 cm to maximum 45 cm from the compressor for the most effective operation.
The farther the muffler is placed from the compressor within these ranges, the more effective. Choose
a muffler with a length of 10 to 15 cm.

14 AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01
3.12 Sound shell
Copeland has qualified sound shell kits for the compressor model range YB*K1G versions GCZ
(IP54, single compressor) and GCY (IP54, parallel compressor). The sound shell material selected
by Copeland is not an ignition source with respect to the electrostatic charges for R290 according to
clause 7.4 of EN 60079-0, 2017.
NOTE: Refer to the Copeland spare parts & accessories catalogue at www.copeland.com/en-
gb/tools-resources to select the correct sound shell kits according to compressor model.
3.13 Insulation material
Insulation material is commonly used in a system to insulate the suction line, suction accumulator,
expansion valve bulb or discharge line thermostat. When choosing the insulation material for A3
applications, particular attention shall be paid to its non-electrostatic properties, as it could be a
potential ignition source.
3.14 Sound and vibration
WARNING
Vibrations! Creation of a flammable atmosphere! Carefully check the
system for vibrations in applications with A3 refrigerants.
Vibrations during compressor operation can cause cracks which could lead to refrigerant leakage.
This situation must be avoided by the system manufacturer/installer. To this end, the pipework must
be carefully designed when connecting a scroll compressor to a system.
A scroll compressor makes both a rocking and twisting motion
and enough flexibility must be provided in the pipework to
allow starting, stopping and steady state running of the
compressor without transmitting excessive stress into any
line attached to the unit. In a split system, the most important
goal is to ensure minimal vibration in all directions to avoid
transmitting vibrations to the structure to which the lines are
fastened.
Under some conditions, the Copeland scroll has a normal
starting rotational motion that can transmit a transient noise
along the lines. This may be particularly pronounced in
compressors using a three-phase motor due to their
inherently higher starting torque. This phenomenon, like the
one described previously, can easily be avoided by using
standard line isolation techniques.
The sound level of a system is the result of design, quality and application. Scroll compressors sound
power levels generally increase with the compressor model capacity and the condition pressure ratio.
3.15 Compressor oil return, oil balancing, refrigerant floodback and oil dilution tests
CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Bearing and moving parts destruction! Ensure
adequate oil return from the system into the compressor at any time. No liquid
refrigerant return to the compressor. Liquid refrigerant dilutes the oil, could
wash the oil off the bearings and moving parts and could lead to overheating
and compressor failure.
The system piping must be carefully designed to ensure sufficient refrigerant gas velocity, so that oil
returns to the compressor at all times and conditions. Individual piping diameter calculation depends
on the refrigerant properties, pressure, mass flow and density.
For other system components such as suction accumulators, the extra amount of oil which will be
required in the system must be checked with the suppliers of these components. If needed, the
system should be pre-charged accordingly including the additional oil quantity.
Once a new system design is set and assembled, a functional test is required. The functional test
includes a qualification for the general system oil return, a refrigerant floodback test and an oil dilution
Figure 12: Example of suction tube design

AGL_Ref_ST_YBK1G_EN_Rev01 15
test. Systems with multiple compressors (two, three, or more) require additional oil balancing
qualification between the parallel compressors.
A sample compressor equipped with an external oil sight tube can be ordered from Copeland for lab
testing.
Records of the evaporating temperature and the bottom shell temperature shall be taken with a high
sampling rate during the entire oil return or oil balance testing and under all tested conditions. The
liquid level in the sight tube has to be observed and recorded too. Testing conditions shall include
the different operation modes and varying loads. If the system is reversible, the tests should be
conducted in cooling, heating and defrost modes.
System engineers should review the system design and operation to identify the critical conditions
and to check oil return, oil balancing, liquid floodback and oil dilution. For discussion of individual test
results and system behaviour, eg, with regard to oil dilution, please contact the Application
Engineering department. Typically, the following situations should be considered:
▪In single compressor systems: to check oil return, testing conditions shall be at minimum mass
flow and minimum density of suction gas in continuous and frequent start/stop cycling.
▪In multiple compressor systems: to check oil return and oil balancing in the tandem or trio,
testing conditions shall be at the corner points of the system application envelope in continuous
and frequent start/stop cycling.
▪In all systems: to test liquid floodback and oil dilution, all possible transient operation conditions
in the system should be checked, eg, compressor frequent start/stop, compressor start after long
off time with migration, defrost, switching between the operation modes in reversible systems,
load changes, fans or pumps cycling at low load and more. To evaluate the risk of liquid floodback
and oil dilution, please refer to the chart in Figure 13. Liquid level and superheat at compressor
inlet have to be checked.
The bottom shell temperature together with the evaporating temperature gives an indication whether
liquid refrigerant is returning or diluted in the compressor oil sump. The compressor sump
temperature must remain in the (green) safe area, as shown in the chart in Figure 13. In case of
operation in the (red) unsafe area, adjustments are required in order to modify the system design,
refrigerant charge or superheat setting of the expansion device(s). The bottom shell temperature
should be measured accurately. The thermo-probe must be properly insulated and positioned on the
opposite side of the sight glass or at an angle of 90° clockwise from the suction inlet with view on the
top.
Figure 13: Oil dilution chart (tb = bottom shell temperature; te = evaporating temperature) and position of oil
temperature sensor
3.16 Suction line accumulator
Due to Copeland scroll’s inherent ability to handle liquid refrigerant, for example in flooded start and
defrost cycle operation, an accumulator is not required in most systems.
To determine if a suction line accumulator is required, the system designer must check this with an
appropriate test scenario. See section 3.15 "Compressor oil return, oil balancing, refrigerant
floodback and oil dilution tests".