Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS Command User manual

Extreme Networks, Inc.
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara, California 95051
[phone]
http://www.extremenetworks.com
ExtremeWare XOS Concepts
Guide
Software Version 10.1
Published: February 2004
Part number: 100150-00 Rev 02

2
©2004 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Extreme Networks, ExtremeWare and BlackDiamond are registered
trademarks of Extreme Networks, Inc. in the United States and certain other jurisdictions. ExtremeWare XOS,
ExtremeWare Vista, ExtremeWorks, ExtremeAssist, ExtremeAssist1, ExtremeAssist2, PartnerAssist, Extreme Standby
Router Protocol, ESRP, SmartTraps, Alpine, Summit, Summit1, Summit4, Summit4/FX, Summit7i, Summit24, Summit48,
Summit Virtual Chassis, SummitLink, SummitGbX, SummitRPS and the Extreme Networks logo are trademarks of
Extreme Networks, Inc., which may be registered or pending registration in certain jurisdictions. The Extreme
Turbodrive logo is a service mark of Extreme Networks, which may be registered or pending registration in certain
jurisdictions. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
The ExtremeWare XOS operating system is based, in part, on the Linux operating system. The machine-readable copy of
the corresponding source code is available for the cost of distribution. Please direct requests to Extreme Networks for
more information at the following address:
Software Licensing Department
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara CA 95051
NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Merit is a registered trademark of Merit Network, Inc.
Solaris and Java are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. F5, BIG/ip, and 3DNS are registered trademarks of F5
Networks, Inc. see/IT is a trademark of F5 Networks, Inc.
“Data Fellows”, the triangle symbol, and Data Fellows product names and symbols/logos are
trademarks of Data Fellows.
F-Secure SSH is a registered trademark of Data Fellows.
All other registered trademarks, trademarks and service marks are property of their respective owners.
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ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 3
Contents
Preface
Introduction 13
Terminology 13
Conventions 14
Related Publications 14
Part 1 Using ExtremeWare XOS
Chapter 1 ExtremeWare XOS Overview
Virtual Routers 17
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 18
Spanning Tree Protocol 18
Quality of Service 18
Unicast Routing 18
IP Multicast Routing 19
Load Sharing 19
Chapter 2 Accessing the Switch
Understanding the Command Syntax 21
Syntax Helper 22
Command Shortcuts 22
Modular Switch Numerical Ranges 23
Names 23
Symbols 24
Limits 24
Line-Editing Keys 24
Command History 25
Common Commands 25
Configuring Management Access 27

4ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Contents
User Account 27
Administrator Account 27
Default Accounts 28
Creating a Management Account 29
Domain Name Service Client Services 29
Checking Basic Connectivity 30
Ping 30
Traceroute 30
Chapter 3 Managing the Switch
Overview 33
Understanding the XOS Shell 34
Configuring the Number of Active Shell Sessions 34
Using the Console Interface 34
Using the 10/100 Ethernet Management Port 34
Using Telnet 35
Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet 35
Configuring Switch IP Parameters 36
Disconnecting a Telnet Session 38
Using Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 38
Connecting to Another Host Using TFTP 38
Enabling the TFTP Server 39
Using SNMP 39
Enabling and Disabling SNMPv1/v2c and SNMPv3 39
Accessing Switch Agents 40
Supported MIBs 40
Configuring SNMPv1/v2c Settings 40
Displaying SNMP Settings 40
SNMPv3 41
SNMPv3 Overview 41
Message Processing 42
SNMPv3 Security 42
MIB Access Control 44
Notification 45
Authenticating Users 48
RADIUS Client 48
TACACS+ 48
Configuring RADIUS Client and TACACS+ 48
Using the Simple Network Time Protocol 48
Configuring and Using SNTP 49
SNTP Example 52

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 5
Contents
Chapter 4 Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch
Configuring a Slot on a Modular Switch 53
Configuring Ports on a Switch 54
Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports 54
Configuring Switch Port Speed and Duplex Setting 55
Jumbo Frames 56
Enabling Jumbo Frames 56
Path MTU Discovery 56
IP Fragmentation with Jumbo Frames 57
IP Fragmentation within a VLAN 57
Load Sharing on the Switch 58
Configuring Switch Load Sharing 58
Load-Sharing Examples 59
Verifying the Load-Sharing Configuration 59
Switch Port-Mirroring 59
Modular Switch Port-Mirroring Example 60
Extreme Discovery Protocol 60
Chapter 5 Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Overview of Virtual LANs 61
Benefits 61
Types of VLANs 62
Port-Based VLANs 62
Tagged VLANs 64
Protocol-Based VLANs 67
Precedence of Tagged Packets Over Protocol Filters 69
VLAN Names 70
Default VLAN 70
Renaming a VLAN 70
Configuring VLANs on the Switch 71
VLAN Configuration Examples 71
Displaying VLAN Settings 72
Displaying Protocol Information 73
Chapter 6 Forwarding Database (FDB)
Overview of the FDB 75
FDB Contents 75
How FDB Entries Get Added 75
FDB Entry Types 76
Disabling MAC Address Learning 77

6ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Contents
FDB Configuration Examples 77
MAC-Based Security 78
Displaying FDB Entries 78
Chapter 7 Quality of Service (QoS)
Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service 82
Applications and Types of QoS 82
Voice Applications 82
Video Applications 83
Critical Database Applications 83
Web Browsing Applications 83
File Server Applications 83
Configuring QoS 84
QoS Profiles 84
Traffic Groupings 85
Explicit Class of Service (802.1p and DiffServ) Traffic Groupings 86
Configuring DiffServ 87
Physical Groupings 89
Verifying Configuration and Performance 89
QoS Monitor 90
Displaying QoS Profile Information 90
Chapter 8 Status Monitoring and Statistics
Status Monitoring 91
Slot Diagnostics 91
Running Diagnostics on I/O Modules 92
Running Diagnostics on MSM Modules 92
Viewing Slot Diagnostics 93
Port Statistics 93
Port Errors 94
Port Monitoring Display Keys 95
System Temperature 95
System Health Checking 96
System Redundancy 96
Electing the Node 97
Replicating Data Between the Nodes 98
Viewing Node Statistics 100
Event Management System/Logging 100
Sending Event Messages to Log Targets 101

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 7
Contents
Filtering Events Sent to Targets 102
Formatting Event Messages 108
Displaying Real-Time Log Messages 109
Displaying Events Logs 109
Uploading Events Logs 109
Displaying Counts of Event Occurrences 110
Displaying Debug Information 111
Chapter 9 Security
Security Overview 113
Network Access Security 113
IP Access Lists (ACLs) 113
Creating IP Access Lists 114
ACL File Syntax 114
Example ACL Rule Entries 117
Using Access Lists on the Switch 118
Displaying and Clearing ACL Counters 119
Switch Protection 119
Policies 120
Creating Policies 120
Policy File Syntax 120
Policy Examples 125
Using Policies 129
Refreshing Policies 129
Saving Policies 129
Management Access Security 129
Authenticating Users Using RADIUS or TACACS+ 129
RADIUS 130
Configuring TACACS+ 132
Part 2 Using Switching and Routing Protocols
Chapter 10 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol 135
STP Terms 136
Spanning Tree Domains 137
Member VLANs 137
STPD Modes 138
Encapsulation Modes 139
STP States 140
Binding Ports 140
Rapid Root Failover 142

8ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Contents
STP Configurations 142
Basic STP Configuration 142
Multiple STPDs on a Port 145
VLAN Spanning Multiple STPDs 145
EMISTP Deployment Constraints 146
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 148
STPD VLAN Mapping 148
Native VLAN 148
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 148
RSTP Terms 149
RSTP Concepts 149
RSTP Operation 152
STP Rules and Restrictions 159
Configuring STP on the Switch 159
STP Configuration Examples 160
Displaying STP Settings 163
Chapter 11 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Overview 165
Determining the VRRP Master 166
VRRP Tracking 166
Electing the Master Router 168
Additional VRRP Highlights 168
VRRP Operation 169
Simple VRRP Network Configuration 169
Fully-Redundant VRRP Network 170
VRRP Configuration Parameters 171
VRRP Examples 172
Configuring the Simple VRRP Network 172
Configuring the Fully-Redundant VRRP Network 173
Chapter 12 IP Unicast Routing
Overview of IP Unicast Routing 175
Router Interfaces 176
Populating the Routing Table 177
Proxy ARP 178
ARP-Incapable Devices 178
Proxy ARP Between Subnets 178
Relative Route Priorities 179
Configuring IP Unicast Routing 179

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 9
Contents
Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration 180
Routing Configuration Example 180
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay 182
Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay Configuration 182
UDP Echo Server 183
Chapter 13 Interior Gateway Protocols
Overview 186
RIP Versus OSPF 186
Overview of RIP 187
Routing Table 187
Split Horizon 187
Poison Reverse 187
Triggered Updates 187
Route Advertisement of VLANs 187
RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2 188
Overview of OSPF 188
Link-State Database 188
Areas 189
Point-to-Point Support 193
Route Re-Distribution 193
Configuring Route Re-Distribution 194
OSPF Timers and Authentication 195
RIP Configuration Example 196
Configuring OSPF 197
Configuring OSPF Wait Interval 197
OSPF Configuration Example 199
Configuration for ABR1 200
Configuration for IR1 200
Displaying OSPF Settings 200
OSPF LSDB Display 201
Chapter 14 Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols
Overview 204
BGP Attributes 204
BGP Communities 205
BGP Features 205
Route Reflectors 205
Route Confederations 207
Route Aggregation 211
Using the Loopback Interface 211

10 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
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BGP Peer Groups 211
BGP Route Flap Dampening 212
BGP Route Selection 213
Stripping Out Private AS Numbers from Route Updates 214
Route Re-Distribution 214
BGP Static Network 215
Chapter 15 IP Multicast Routing
Overview 217
PIM Overview 218
IGMP Overview 219
Configuring IP Multicasting Routing 220
Configuration Examples 221
PIM-DM Configuration Example 221
Configuration for IR1 222
Configuration for ABR1 223
Part 3 Appendixes
Appendix A Software Upgrade and Boot Options
Downloading a New Image 227
Selecting a Primary or a Secondary Image 228
Understanding the Image Version String 228
Software Signatures 229
Rebooting the Switch 229
Saving Configuration Changes 229
Returning to Factory Defaults 230
Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration 231
Displaying Configuration Files 231
Renaming Configuration Files 231
Deleting Configuration Files 232
Using TFTP to Download the Configuration 232
Accessing the Bootloader 232
Appendix B Troubleshooting
LEDs 235
Using the Command Line Interface 236
Port Configuration 238
VLANs 238
STP 239

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 11
Contents
Debug Mode 240
System Health Check 240
System Odometer 240
Contacting Extreme Technical Support 241
Appendix C Supported Protocols, MIBs, and Standards
Index
Index of Commands

12 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Contents

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 13
Preface
This preface provides an overview of this guide, describes guide conventions, and lists other
publications that might be useful.
Introduction
This guide provides the required information to configure ExtremeWare XOSTM software running on
either modular or stand-alone switches from Extreme Networks. The guide is intended for use by
network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting up network equipment. It
assumes a basic working knowledge of:
•Local area networks (LANs)
•Ethernet concepts
•Ethernet switching and bridging concepts
•Routing concepts
•Internet Protocol (IP) concepts
•Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
•Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) concepts
•IP Multicast concepts
•Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) concepts
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
NOTE
If the information in the release notes shipped with your switch differs from the information in this guide,
follow the release notes.
Terminology
When features, functionality, or operation is specific to a modular or stand-alone switch family, the
family name is used. Explanations about features and operations that are the same across all product
families simply refer to the product as the “switch.”

14 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Preface
Conventions
Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Related Publications
The publications related to this one are:
•ExtremeWare XOS release notes
•ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Command Reference Guide
•Extreme Networks BlackDiamond 10K-Series Switch Installation Guide
Documentation for Extreme Networks products is available on the World Wide Web at the following
location:
http://www.extremenetworks.com/
Table 1: Notice Icons
Icon Notice Type Alerts you to...
Note Important features or instructions.
Caution Risk of personal injury, system damage, or loss of data.
Warning Risk of severe personal injury.
Table 2: Text Conventions
Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface indicates command syntax, or represents information as it appears on the
screen.
The words “enter”
and “type” When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type something, and then press the Return or Enter key. Do not press the Return or Enter key when an instruction
simply says “type.”
[Key] names Key names are written with brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].
If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key names are linked with a
plus sign (+). Example:
Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
Words in italicized type Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the place where they are defined in
the text.

Part 1
Using ExtremeWare XOS

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 17
1ExtremeWare XOS Overview
ExtremeWare XOS is the full-featured software operating system that is designed to run on the Extreme
Networks BlackDiamond10800 family of switches.
NOTE
ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 only supports Extreme Networks BlackDiamond 10800 family products. This
does not include other BlackDiamond families, Alpine, and SummitTM “i”, Summit 24e3, and Summit
200 series platforms.
Virtual Routers
ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 introduces support for virtual routers. This capability allows a single physical
switch to be split into multiple virtual routers. This feature separates the traffic forwarded by a virtual
router from the traffic on a different virtual router. Each virtual router maintains a separate logical
forwarding table, which allows the virtual routers to have overlapping address spaces. Since each
virtual router maintains its own separate routing information, and switch ports can belong to one and
only one virtual router, packets arriving at a port on one virtual router can never be switched to the
ports on another. In this release of ExtremeWare XOS, the management port belongs to one virtual
router and all other ports belong to another virtual router.
With multiple virtual routers contained on a single physical switch, some commands in
ExtremeWare XOS now require you to specify to which virtual router the command applies. For
example, when you use the ping command, you must specify from which virtual router the ping
packets are generated. Many commands that deal with switch management use the management virtual
router by default. See the ExtremeWare XOS Command Reference Guide for information on the defaults for
individual commands.
NOTE
The term “Virtual Router” is also used with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP). VRRP uses
the term to refer to a single virtual router that spans more than one physical router, which allows
multiple switches to provide redundant routing services to users. For more information about VRRP, see
Chapter 11.

18 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
ExtremeWare XOS Overview
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
ExtremeWare XOS has a VLAN feature that enables you to construct your broadcast domains without
being restricted by physical connections. A VLAN is a group of location- and topology-independent
devices that communicate as if they were on the same physical local area network (LAN).
Implementing VLANs on your network has the following three advantages:
•Help to control broadcast traffic. If a device in VLAN Marketing transmits a broadcast frame, only
VLAN Marketing devices receive the frame.
•Provide extra security. Devices in VLAN Marketing can only communicate with devices on VLAN
Sales using routing services.
•Ease the change and movement of devices on networks.
NOTE
For more information on VLANs, see Chapter 5.
Spanning Tree Protocol
The switch supports the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which is a bridge-based mechanism
for providing fault tolerance on networks. STP enables you to implement parallel paths for network
traffic, and ensure that redundant paths are:
•Disabled when the main paths are operational.
•Enabled if the main traffic paths fail.
A single spanning tree can span multiple VLANs.
NOTE
For more information on STP, see Chapter 10.
Quality of Service
ExtremeWare XOS has Policy-Based Quality of Service (QoS) features that enable you to specify service
levels for different traffic groups. By default, all traffic is assigned the normal QoS policy profile. If
needed, you can customize other QoS policies and apply them to different traffic types so that they have
different guaranteed minimum bandwidth, maximum bandwidth, and priority.
NOTE
For more information on Quality of Service, see Chapter 7.
Unicast Routing
The switch can route IP traffic between the VLANs that are configured as virtual router interfaces. Both
dynamic and static IP routes are maintained in the routing table. The following routing protocols are
supported:
•RIP version 1
•RIP version 2

ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide 19
•OSPF version 2
•BGP version 4
NOTE
For more information on IP unicast routing, see Chapter 12. For more information on RIP, see
Chapter 20.
IP Multicast Routing
The switch can use IP multicasting to allow a single IP host to transmit a packet to a group of IP hosts.
ExtremeWare XOS supports multicast routes that are learned by the Protocol Independent Multicast
(dense mode or sparse mode).
NOTE
For more information on IP multicast routing, see Chapter 15.
Load Sharing
Load sharing allows you to increase bandwidth and resiliency by using a group of ports to carry traffic
in parallel between systems. The load sharing algorithm allows the switch to use multiple ports as a
single logical port. For example, VLANs see the load-sharing group as a single virtual port. The
algorithm also guarantees packet sequencing between clients.
NOTE
For information on load sharing, see Chapter 4.

20 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
ExtremeWare XOS Overview