Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS Command User manual

Extreme Networks, Inc.
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara, California 95051
[phone]
[phone]
http://www.extremenetworks.com
ExtremeWare XOS Concepts Guide
Software Version 11.1
Published: December 2004
Part number: 100170-00 Rev 01

ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Concepts Guide
2
Alpine, Altitude, BlackDiamond, EPICenter, Ethernet Everywhere, Extreme Ethernet Everywhere, Extreme
Networks, Extreme Turbodrive, Extreme Velocity, ExtremeWare, ExtremeWorks, GlobalPx Content Director, the Go
Purple Extreme Solution Partners Logo, ServiceWatch, Summit, the Summit7i Logo, and the Color Purple, among
others, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Extreme Networks, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States
and other countries. Other names and marks may be the property of their respective owners.
© 2004 Extreme Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
The ExtremeWare XOS operating system is based, in part, on the Linux operating system. The machine-readable
copy of the corresponding source code is available for the cost of distribution. Please direct requests to Extreme
Networks for more information at the following address:
Software Licensing Department
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara CA 95051
NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Merit is a registered trademark of Merit Network,
Inc. Solaris and Java are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. F5, BIG/ip, and 3DNS are registered trademarks of
F5 Networks, Inc. see/IT is a trademark of F5 Networks, Inc.
sFlow® is a registered trademark of InMon Corporation.
All other registered trademarks, trademarks and service marks are property of their respective owners.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Authors: Hugh Bussell, Megan Mahar, Peggy Murphy
Production: Megan Mahar and Peggy Murphy

ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Concepts Guide
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................................... 17
Introduction .............................................................................................................................17
Terminology........................................................................................................................17
Conventions..............................................................................................................................18
Related Publications .................................................................................................................18
Using ExtremeWare XOS Publications Online .........................................................................19
Part 1: Using ExtremeWare XOS
Chapter 1: ExtremeWare XOS Overview........................................................................................... 23
Platforms and Required Software Versions...................................................................................23
Summary of Features.................................................................................................................23
Feature Highlights of ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 ........................................................................24
Software Licensing ....................................................................................................................27
Upgrading to Core License—Aspen 8810 Switch Only ............................................................27
Advanced Core License—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only.......................................................28
Security Licensing...............................................................................................................29
Software Factory Defaults ..........................................................................................................29
Chapter 2: Accessing the Switch.................................................................................................... 31
Understanding the Command Syntax...........................................................................................31
Syntax Helper .....................................................................................................................32
Command Shortcuts ............................................................................................................32
Modular Switch Numerical Ranges........................................................................................33
Names ...............................................................................................................................33
Symbols .............................................................................................................................33
Limits ................................................................................................................................34
Line-Editing Keys......................................................................................................................34
Command History......................................................................................................................35
Common Commands..................................................................................................................35
Configuring Management Access ................................................................................................37
User Account......................................................................................................................37
Administrator Account .........................................................................................................38
Default Accounts.................................................................................................................38
Creating a Management Account...........................................................................................39
Failsafe Account .................................................................................................................40
Domain Name Service Client Services .........................................................................................41
Checking Basic Connectivity.......................................................................................................41
Ping...................................................................................................................................41
Traceroute ..........................................................................................................................42

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Chapter 3: Managing the Switch .................................................................................................... 43
Overview ..................................................................................................................................43
Understanding the ExtremeWare XOS Shell .................................................................................44
Using the Console Interface .......................................................................................................44
Using the 10/100 Ethernet Management Port..............................................................................44
Authenticating Users .................................................................................................................45
RADIUS Client....................................................................................................................45
TACACS+ ...........................................................................................................................45
Configuring RADIUS Client and TACACS+ .............................................................................45
Management Accounts.........................................................................................................46
Using Telnet.............................................................................................................................46
About the Telnet Client........................................................................................................46
About the Telnet Server .......................................................................................................46
Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet...............................................................................47
Configuring Switch IP Parameters .........................................................................................47
Configuring Telnet Access to the Switch ................................................................................49
Disconnecting a Telnet Session ............................................................................................50
Using Secure Shell 2.................................................................................................................50
Using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol........................................................................................50
Connecting to Another Host Using TFTP ................................................................................50
Understanding System Redundancy ............................................................................................51
Node Election .....................................................................................................................51
Replicating Data Between Nodes ..........................................................................................52
Viewing Node Status............................................................................................................54
Understanding Power Supply Management ..................................................................................55
Initial System Boot-Up ........................................................................................................55
Removing a Power Supply ....................................................................................................56
Installing or Providing Power to a Power Supply .....................................................................56
Displaying Power Supply Information ....................................................................................56
Using the Simple Network Management Protocol .........................................................................56
Enabling and Disabling SNMPv1/v2c and SNMPv3 ................................................................57
Accessing Switch Agents......................................................................................................57
Supported MIBs..................................................................................................................58
Configuring SNMPv1/v2c Settings ........................................................................................58
Displaying SNMP Settings....................................................................................................58
SNMPv3.............................................................................................................................59
Message Processing.............................................................................................................60
SNMPv3 Security................................................................................................................60
SNMPv3 MIB Access Control ...............................................................................................63
SNMPv3 Notification...........................................................................................................64
Using the Simple Network Time Protocol.....................................................................................66
Configuring and Using SNTP ................................................................................................67
SNTP Example....................................................................................................................70

Contents
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Chapter 4: Managing the ExtremeWare XOS Software...................................................................... 71
Overview of the ExtremeWare XOS Software .................................................................................71
Understanding the ExtremeWare XOS Software ......................................................................71
Using the ExtremeWare XOS File System.....................................................................................72
Moving or Renaming Files on the Switch ...............................................................................72
Copying Files on the Switch .................................................................................................73
Displaying Files on the Switch ..............................................................................................74
Deleting Files From the Switch .............................................................................................74
Managing the Configuration File .................................................................................................75
Managing ExtremeWare XOS Processes .......................................................................................75
Displaying Process Information.............................................................................................76
Stopping a Process..............................................................................................................76
Starting a Process ...............................................................................................................76
Understanding Memory Protection ..............................................................................................77
Chapter 5: Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch......................................................................... 79
Configuring a Slot on a Modular Switch.......................................................................................79
I/O Ports on Aspen 8810 MSM Module .................................................................................80
Configuring Ports on a Switch.....................................................................................................80
Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports .....................................................................................81
Configuring Switch Port Speed and Duplex Setting .................................................................81
Jumbo Frames ..........................................................................................................................83
Jumbo Frames on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only .....................................................................84
Enabling Jumbo Frames.......................................................................................................84
Path MTU Discovery ............................................................................................................84
IP Fragmentation with Jumbo Frames....................................................................................85
IP Fragmentation within a VLAN ...........................................................................................86
Load Sharing on the Switch .......................................................................................................86
Load-Sharing Algorithms......................................................................................................87
Configuring Switch Load Sharing ..........................................................................................89
Load-Sharing Examples .......................................................................................................90
Displaying Switch Load Sharing............................................................................................90
Switch Port Mirroring.................................................................................................................91
Switch Port Mirroring on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only............................................................91
Switch Port Mirroring on the BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only..................................................92
Switch Port-Mirroring Rules and Restrictions for All Switches ..................................................92
Switch Port-Mirroring Examples............................................................................................93
Verifying the Switch Port-Mirroring Configuration ...................................................................93
Extreme Discovery Protocol ........................................................................................................94
Software-Controlled Redundant Port and Smart Redundancy .........................................................96
Guidelines for Software-Controlled Redundant Ports and Port Groups .......................................97
Configuring Software-Controlled Redundant Ports...................................................................97
Verifying Software-Controlled Redundant Port Configurations...................................................98
Displaying Port Configuration Information....................................................................................99
Chapter 6: Power Over Ethernet.................................................................................................... 103
Summary of PoE Features ........................................................................................................103
Power Checking for PoE Module ...............................................................................................103
Power Delivery ........................................................................................................................104

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Enabling PoE to the Switch................................................................................................104
Power Reserve Budget Per Slot...........................................................................................104
PD Disconnect Precedence ................................................................................................105
Port Disconnect or Fault ....................................................................................................106
Port Power Reset...............................................................................................................107
PoE Usage Threshold.........................................................................................................107
Legacy Devices .................................................................................................................107
PoE Operator Limits ..........................................................................................................108
LEDs......................................................................................................................................108
Configuring PoE ......................................................................................................................108
Enabling Inline Power........................................................................................................109
Reserving Power for a Slot..................................................................................................109
Setting the Disconnect Precedence .....................................................................................110
Configuring the Usage Threshold ........................................................................................111
Configuring the Switch to Detect Legacy PDs .......................................................................112
Configuring the Operator Limit ...........................................................................................112
Configuring PoE Port Labels...............................................................................................113
Power Cycling Connected PDs ............................................................................................113
Displaying PoE Settings and Statistics ......................................................................................113
Clearing Statistics .............................................................................................................113
Displaying System Power Information..................................................................................113
Displaying Slot PoE Information .........................................................................................116
Displaying Port PoE Information .........................................................................................117
Chapter 7: Status Monitoring and Statistics .................................................................................. 121
Status Monitoring....................................................................................................................121
Viewing Port Statistics .............................................................................................................121
Viewing Port Errors..................................................................................................................122
Using the Port Monitoring Display Keys .....................................................................................123
Slot Diagnostics ......................................................................................................................123
Running Diagnostics on I/O and Management Modules .........................................................124
Observing LED Behavior During a Diagnostic Test.................................................................124
Displaying Diagnostic Test Results......................................................................................126
System Health Checking ..........................................................................................................126
Understanding the System Health Checker—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only .........................126
Understanding the System Health Checker—Aspen 8810
Switch Only ......................................................................................................................127
Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch .....................................128
Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch ......................................................128
System Health Check Examples..........................................................................................128
Setting the System Recovery Level............................................................................................130
Viewing the System Temperature ..............................................................................................130
Event Management System/Logging ..........................................................................................131
Sending Event Messages to Log Targets...............................................................................132
Filtering Events Sent to Targets ..........................................................................................133
Displaying Real-Time Log Messages ....................................................................................141
Displaying Event Logs........................................................................................................141
Uploading Event Logs ........................................................................................................141
Displaying Counts of Event Occurrences ..............................................................................142
Displaying Debug Information.............................................................................................143
Logging Configuration Changes...........................................................................................143

Contents
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Using sFlow............................................................................................................................143
Configuring sFlow..............................................................................................................144
Displaying sFlow Information..............................................................................................146
RMON....................................................................................................................................147
About RMON ....................................................................................................................147
Supported RMON Groups of the Switch ...............................................................................148
Configuring RMON ............................................................................................................149
Event Actions ...................................................................................................................150
Displaying RMON Information ............................................................................................150
Chapter 8: Virtual LANs ............................................................................................................... 151
Overview of Virtual LANs..........................................................................................................151
Benefits ...........................................................................................................................151
Virtual Routers and VLANs—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only................................................152
Types of VLANs.......................................................................................................................152
Port-Based VLANs .............................................................................................................152
Tagged VLANs ..................................................................................................................155
Protocol-Based VLANs .......................................................................................................157
Precedence of Tagged Packets Over Protocol Filters .............................................................159
VLAN Names ..........................................................................................................................159
Default VLAN....................................................................................................................160
Renaming a VLAN .............................................................................................................160
Configuring VLANs on the Switch .............................................................................................160
VLAN Configuration Examples ............................................................................................161
Displaying VLAN Settings.........................................................................................................162
Displaying Protocol Information ..........................................................................................163
Tunneling (VMANs) .................................................................................................................163
Guidelines for Configuring VMANs ......................................................................................164
Configuring VMANs ...........................................................................................................165
Displaying VMAN Configurations.........................................................................................167
Chapter 9: Virtual Routers............................................................................................................ 169
Virtual Routers Overview ..........................................................................................................169
Types of Virtual Routers .....................................................................................................169
Virtual Router Configuration Domain—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ..................................171
Using Virtual Routers—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only .............................................................171
Creating Virtual Routers .....................................................................................................172
Adding Ports to a Virtual Router..........................................................................................172
Adding Routing Protocols to a Virtual Router........................................................................172
Displaying Ports and Protocols............................................................................................173
Configuring the Routing Protocols and VLANs ......................................................................173
Virtual Router Configuration Example ........................................................................................174
Chapter 10: Forwarding Database.................................................................................................175
Overview of the FDB ................................................................................................................175
FDB Contents ...................................................................................................................175
How FDB Entries Get Added...............................................................................................175
FDB Entry Types ...............................................................................................................176
Disabling MAC Address Learning ........................................................................................177

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FDB Configuration Examples ....................................................................................................177
Configuring the FDB Aging Time...............................................................................................177
MAC-Based Security................................................................................................................178
Displaying FDB Entries ............................................................................................................178
Chapter 11: Policies and ACLs ..................................................................................................... 179
Policy Manager .......................................................................................................................179
Creating and Editing Policies....................................................................................................179
Using the Edit Command ...................................................................................................180
Using a Separate Machine .................................................................................................180
Checking Policies..............................................................................................................180
Refreshing Policies............................................................................................................181
Applying Policies ....................................................................................................................181
Applying ACL Policies........................................................................................................181
Applying Routing Policies ..................................................................................................182
ACL Policies ...........................................................................................................................182
ACL Policy File Syntax .......................................................................................................183
ACL Evaluation Precedence................................................................................................187
ACL Metering—Aspen 8810 Only .......................................................................................188
Example ACL Rule Entries .................................................................................................189
Displaying and Clearing ACL Counters .................................................................................190
Routing Policies......................................................................................................................190
Routing Policy File Syntax..................................................................................................191
Policy Examples................................................................................................................195
Chapter 12: Quality of Service ..................................................................................................... 201
Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service ...............................................................................201
Applications and Types of QoS .................................................................................................202
Voice Applications.............................................................................................................202
Video Applications.............................................................................................................202
Critical Database Applications ............................................................................................203
Web Browsing Applications ................................................................................................203
File Server Applications .....................................................................................................203
Configuring QoS......................................................................................................................204
Configuring QoS on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only .................................................................204
QoS Profiles ...........................................................................................................................205
QoS Profiles on the Aspen 8810 Switch Only.......................................................................205
QoS Profiles on the BlackDiamond 10K Switch....................................................................206
Traffic Groupings ....................................................................................................................207
ACL-Based Traffic Groupings..............................................................................................208
Explicit Class of Service (802.1p and DiffServ) Traffic Groupings ..........................................208
Physical and Logical Groupings ..........................................................................................215
Verifying QoS Configuration and Performance ............................................................................219
Monitoring Performance—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ...................................................219
Displaying QoS Profile Information......................................................................................219
Guidelines for Configuring QoS.................................................................................................220

Contents
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Egress Traffic Rate Limiting—Aspen 8810 Switch Only ..............................................................220
Bi-Directional Rate Shaping—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only....................................................221
Bandwidth Settings ...........................................................................................................222
Configuring Bi-Directional Rate Shaping..............................................................................223
Chapter 13: Security ................................................................................................................... 225
Security Overview....................................................................................................................225
Network Access Security..........................................................................................................225
MAC Address Security .............................................................................................................225
Limiting Dynamic MAC Addresses.......................................................................................226
MAC Address Lock Down ...................................................................................................227
Network Login ........................................................................................................................228
Web-Based, MAC-based, and 802.1x Authentication ............................................................228
Campus and ISP Modes .....................................................................................................230
Interoperability Requirements.............................................................................................231
Multiple Supplicant Support ..............................................................................................232
Exclusions and Limitations.................................................................................................233
Configuring Network Login .................................................................................................233
Web-Based Authentication User Login Using Campus Mode ..................................................235
Displaying Network Login Settings ......................................................................................236
Disabling Network Login ....................................................................................................236
Additional Configuration Details..........................................................................................236
MAC-Based Authentication.................................................................................................237
DHCP Server ..........................................................................................................................238
DHCP Server on the Switch................................................................................................238
Displaying DHCP Information .............................................................................................239
Denial of Service Protection .....................................................................................................239
Configuring Denial of Service Protection..............................................................................240
Management Access Security ...................................................................................................241
Authenticating Users Using RADIUS or TACACS+ ......................................................................241
RADIUS ...........................................................................................................................242
Configuring RADIUS..........................................................................................................243
TACACS+ .........................................................................................................................248
Secure Shell 2........................................................................................................................249
Enabling SSH2 for Inbound Switch Access ..........................................................................249
Using SCP2 from an External SSH2 Client ..........................................................................250
Chapter 14: CLEARFlow ............................................................................................................... 253
Overview ................................................................................................................................253
Configuring CLEARFlow ...........................................................................................................253
Displaying CLEARFlow Configuration and Activity.................................................................254
Adding CLEARFlow Rules to ACLs ............................................................................................254
CLEARFlow Rule Types......................................................................................................255
CLEARFlow Rule Actions ...................................................................................................259
CLEARFlow Rule Examples ......................................................................................................261
Count Rule Type Example ..................................................................................................261
Delta Rule Type Example ...................................................................................................262
Ratio Rule Type Example ...................................................................................................263
Delta-Ratio Rule Type Example...........................................................................................264

Contents
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Part 2: Using Switching and Routing Protocols
Chapter 15: Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching.................................................................... 267
Licensing ...............................................................................................................................267
Overview of the EAPS Protocol .................................................................................................267
Fast Convergence ..............................................................................................................269
Fault Detection and Recovery ...................................................................................................269
Link Down Message Sent by a Transit Node .........................................................................270
Ring Port Down Event Sent by Hardware Layer.....................................................................270
Polling .............................................................................................................................271
Restoration Operations.......................................................................................................271
Multiple EAPS Domains...........................................................................................................272
EAPS Data VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch...........................................272
Multiple EAPS Domains per Ring—Spatial Reuse.................................................................273
Multiple EAPS Rings Sharing a Common Link......................................................................273
Configuring EAPS on a Switch..................................................................................................274
Creating and Deleting an EAPS Domain...............................................................................275
Defining the EAPS Mode of the Switch................................................................................275
Configuring EAPS Polling Timers ........................................................................................276
Configuring the Primary and Secondary Ports.......................................................................277
Configuring the EAPS Control VLAN....................................................................................277
Configuring the EAPS Protected VLANs ...............................................................................278
Enabling and Disabling Fast Convergence............................................................................278
Enabling and Disabling an EAPS Domain.............................................................................278
Enabling and Disabling EAPS on the Switch ........................................................................278
Unconfiguring an EAPS Ring Port .......................................................................................279
Displaying EAPS Status Information....................................................................................279
Configuring EAPS Shared Ports ................................................................................................282
Steady State .....................................................................................................................283
Common Link Failures .......................................................................................................284
Flushing the FDBs.............................................................................................................284
Creating and Deleting a Shared Port....................................................................................285
Defining the Mode of the Shared Port..................................................................................285
Configuring the Link ID of the Shared Port...........................................................................285
Configuring the Shared Port Segment Timer.........................................................................285
Unconfiguring an EAPS Shared Port....................................................................................286
Displaying EAPS Shared-Port Status Information..................................................................286
EAPS Shared Port Configuration Rules ......................................................................................289
EAPS Shared Port Configuration Examples ................................................................................289
Basic Configuration ...........................................................................................................289
Basic Core Configuration....................................................................................................290
Right Angle Configuration ..................................................................................................290
Combined Basic Core and Right Angle Configuration ............................................................291
Large Core and Access Rings Configuration..........................................................................292
Advanced Configuration .....................................................................................................293
Chapter 16: Spanning Tree Protocol............................................................................................. 295
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol.....................................................................................295
Spanning Tree Domains...........................................................................................................295
Member VLANs .................................................................................................................296
STPD Modes.....................................................................................................................297

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Encapsulation Modes.........................................................................................................297
STP States .......................................................................................................................298
Binding Ports....................................................................................................................299
Rapid Root Failover ...........................................................................................................301
STP and Hitless Failover—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only...................................................301
STP Configurations..................................................................................................................302
Basic STP Configuration ....................................................................................................302
Multiple STPDs on a Port...................................................................................................305
VLAN Spanning Multiple STPDs .........................................................................................305
EMISTP Deployment Constraints ........................................................................................306
Per VLAN Spanning Tree..........................................................................................................308
STPD VLAN Mapping.........................................................................................................308
Native VLAN .....................................................................................................................308
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................................................308
RSTP Concepts .................................................................................................................309
RSTP Operation ................................................................................................................311
STP Rules and Restrictions ......................................................................................................318
Configuring STP on the Switch .................................................................................................319
STP Configuration Examples ....................................................................................................320
Basic 802.1D Configuration Example..................................................................................320
EMISTP Configuration Example ..........................................................................................321
RSTP 802.1w Configuration Example..................................................................................322
Displaying STP Settings...........................................................................................................323
Chapter 17: Extreme Standby Router Protocol ............................................................................... 325
Overview of ESRP ...................................................................................................................325
ESRP Modes of Operation ..................................................................................................325
ESRP and ELRP................................................................................................................326
Reasons to Use ESRP........................................................................................................326
ESRP Concepts.......................................................................................................................326
ESRP-Aware Switches .......................................................................................................328
Standard and Extended ESRP ............................................................................................329
ESRP Domains .................................................................................................................330
Linking ESRP Switches......................................................................................................331
ESRP and Hitless Failover—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ................................................331
Determining the ESRP Master ..................................................................................................332
Master Switch Behavior .....................................................................................................332
Pre-Master Switch Behavior................................................................................................333
Slave Switch Behavior .......................................................................................................333
Neutral Switch Behavior ....................................................................................................333
Electing the Master Switch.................................................................................................333
ESRP Failover Time...........................................................................................................334
ESRP Election Algorithms ..................................................................................................334
Configuring an ESRP Domain on a Switch .................................................................................336
Creating and Deleting an ESRP Domain...............................................................................336
Configuring the ESRP Domain ID........................................................................................337
Adding VLANs to an ESRP Domain .....................................................................................337
Enabling and Disabling an ESRP Domain ............................................................................338

Contents
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Advanced ESRP Features.........................................................................................................339
ESRP Tracking..................................................................................................................339
ESRP Port Restart.............................................................................................................342
ESRP Host Attach .............................................................................................................342
ESRP Port Weight and Don’t Count.....................................................................................343
ESRP Groups....................................................................................................................344
Displaying ESRP Information ...................................................................................................345
Using ELRP with ESRP............................................................................................................345
Using ELRP with ESRP to Recover Loops ............................................................................346
Configuring ELRP..............................................................................................................346
Displaying ELRP Information..............................................................................................347
ESRP Examples ......................................................................................................................348
Single Domain Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy.........................................................348
Multiple Domains Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy ....................................................351
ESRP Cautions .......................................................................................................................353
Configuring ESRP and IP Multinetting.................................................................................353
ESRP and STP..................................................................................................................353
ESRP and VRRP ...............................................................................................................353
ESRP Groups and Host Attach............................................................................................353
Port Configurations and ESRP ............................................................................................353
Chapter 18: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol........................................................................... 355
Overview ................................................................................................................................355
Determining the VRRP Master ..................................................................................................355
VRRP Tracking..................................................................................................................356
Electing the Master Router.................................................................................................358
Additional VRRP Highlights......................................................................................................358
VRRP Operation ......................................................................................................................359
Simple VRRP Network Configuration ...................................................................................359
Fully Redundant VRRP Network..........................................................................................360
VRRP Configuration Parameters................................................................................................361
VRRP Examples ......................................................................................................................362
Configuring the Simple VRRP Network ................................................................................362
Configuring the Fully Redundant VRRP Network...................................................................363
VRRP Cautions .......................................................................................................................364
Assigning Multiple Virtual IP Addresses...............................................................................364
VRRP and ESRP ...............................................................................................................364
Chapter 19: IP Unicast Routing .................................................................................................... 365
Overview of IP Unicast Routing.................................................................................................365
Router Interfaces ..............................................................................................................365
Populating the Routing Table .............................................................................................366
Proxy ARP ..............................................................................................................................368
ARP-Incapable Devices......................................................................................................368
Proxy ARP Between Subnets ..............................................................................................369
Relative Route Priorities ..........................................................................................................369
Configuring IP Unicast Routing ................................................................................................370
Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration...........................................................................370
Routing Configuration Example.................................................................................................370

Contents
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IP Multinetting .......................................................................................................................372
Multinetting Topology ........................................................................................................372
How Multinetting Affects Other Features .............................................................................373
Configuring IP Multinetting ................................................................................................377
IP Multinetting Examples...................................................................................................377
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay ...............................................................................................378
Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent Option (Option 82) .........................................................378
Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay Configuration ...................................................................379
UDP Echo Server ..............................................................................................................380
Chapter 20: Interior Gateway Protocols ........................................................................................ 381
Overview ................................................................................................................................381
RIP Versus OSPF ..............................................................................................................382
Advantages of RIP and OSPF..............................................................................................382
Overview of RIP ......................................................................................................................382
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................382
Split Horizon ....................................................................................................................383
Poison Reverse .................................................................................................................383
Triggered Updates .............................................................................................................383
Route Advertisement of VLANs ...........................................................................................383
RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2 ....................................................................................383
Overview of OSPF....................................................................................................................384
Licensing .........................................................................................................................384
OSPF Edge Mode ..............................................................................................................384
Link State Database ..........................................................................................................384
Areas ...............................................................................................................................386
Point-to-Point Support .......................................................................................................389
Route Redistribution ...............................................................................................................389
Configuring Route Redistribution ........................................................................................390
OSPF Timers and Authentication ........................................................................................391
RIP Configuration Example ......................................................................................................391
Configuring OSPF....................................................................................................................393
Configuring OSPF Wait Interval...........................................................................................393
OSPF Wait Interval Parameters ...........................................................................................393
OSPF Configuration Example....................................................................................................394
Configuration for ABR1......................................................................................................395
Configuration for IR1.........................................................................................................396
Displaying OSPF Settings.........................................................................................................396
Chapter 21: Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols............................................................................ 397
Licensing ...............................................................................................................................397
Overview ................................................................................................................................398
BGP Attributes........................................................................................................................398
BGP Communities...................................................................................................................398
BGP Features .........................................................................................................................399
Route Reflectors ...............................................................................................................399
Route Confederations ........................................................................................................401
Route Aggregation .............................................................................................................404
Using the Loopback Interface.............................................................................................404
BGP Peer Groups ..............................................................................................................404

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BGP Route Flap Dampening ...............................................................................................405
BGP Route Selection .........................................................................................................407
Stripping Out Private AS Numbers from Route Updates ........................................................407
Route Redistribution .........................................................................................................408
BGP Static Network...........................................................................................................408
Chapter 22: IP Multicast Routing.................................................................................................. 409
Overview ................................................................................................................................409
PIM Overview....................................................................................................................409
IGMP Overview .................................................................................................................411
Configuring IP Multicasting Routing..........................................................................................412
Configuration Examples ...........................................................................................................413
PIM-DM Configuration Example ..........................................................................................413
PIM-SM Configuration Example ..........................................................................................414
Part 3: Appendixes
Appendix A: Software Upgrade and Boot Options........................................................................... 419
Downloading a New Image .......................................................................................................419
Installing a Modular Software Package ................................................................................420
Selecting a Primary or a Secondary Image ...........................................................................421
Understanding the Image Version String..............................................................................421
Software Signatures...........................................................................................................422
Rebooting the Switch ........................................................................................................422
Rebooting the Management Module ....................................................................................422
Understanding Hitless Upgrade—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ...............................................423
Performing a Hitless Upgrade .............................................................................................423
Hitless Upgrade Examples..................................................................................................425
Saving Configuration Changes ..................................................................................................426
Viewing a Configuration .....................................................................................................427
Returning to Factory Defaults .............................................................................................427
Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration....................................................................................427
Using TFTP to Download the Configuration ................................................................................428
Synchronizing MSMs ...............................................................................................................428
Automatic Synchronization of Configuration Files .................................................................429
Accessing the Bootloader .........................................................................................................429
Upgrading the BootROM—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only.........................................................430
Upgrading the Firmware—Aspen 8810 Switch Only ...................................................................431
Appendix B: Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 433
LEDs......................................................................................................................................433
Using the Command Line Interface...........................................................................................434
Port Configuration .............................................................................................................436
VLANs..............................................................................................................................437
STP .................................................................................................................................438
ESRP...............................................................................................................................439
VRRP...............................................................................................................................439

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15
Using Standalone ELRP to Perform Loop Tests ..........................................................................440
About Standalone ELRP.....................................................................................................440
Configuring Standalone ELRP.............................................................................................441
Displaying Standalone ELRP Information.............................................................................442
Using the Rescue Software Image.............................................................................................442
Debug Mode ...........................................................................................................................443
Saving Debug Information to the External Memory Card ..............................................................444
Managing Files on the External Memory Card .......................................................................444
TOP Command........................................................................................................................446
TFTP Server Requirements.......................................................................................................446
System Health Check ..............................................................................................................446
Overview of the System Health Checker...............................................................................446
Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch .....................................447
Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch ......................................................447
System Odometer....................................................................................................................448
Temperature Operating Range ..................................................................................................448
Corrupted BootROM on the Aspen 8810 Switch.........................................................................449
Inserting Powered Devices in the PoE Module—Aspen 8810 Switch Only.....................................449
Untagged Frames on the 10 Gbps Module—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only................................449
Running MSM Diagnostics from the Bootloader—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ........................449
Contacting Extreme Technical Support......................................................................................450
Appendix C: Supported Protocols, MIBs, and Standards................................................................. 451
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... 455
Index of Commands ..................................................................................................................... 475
Index .......................................................................................................................................... 481

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ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Concepts Guide
17
Preface
This preface provides an overview of this guide, describes guide conventions, and lists other
publications that might be useful.
Introduction
This guide provides the required information to configure ExtremeWare®XOS software version 11.1
running on switches from Extreme Networks.
The guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting
up network equipment. It assumes a basic working knowledge of:
● Local area networks (LANs)
● Ethernet concepts
● Ethernet switching and bridging concepts
● Routing concepts
● Internet Protocol (IP) concepts
● Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
● Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) concepts
● IP Multicast concepts
● Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) concepts
● Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
NOTE
If the information in the release notes shipped with your switch differs from the information in this guide, follow the
release notes.
Terminology
When features, functionality, or operation is specific to a switch family, the family name is used.
Explanations about features and operations that are the same across all product families simply refer to
the product as the “switch.”

Preface
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18
Conventions
Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Related Publications
The publications related to this one are:
● ExtremeWare XOS release notes
● ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Command Reference Guide
● Extreme Networks Consolidated XOS Hardware Installation Guide
Documentation for Extreme Networks products is available on the World Wide Web at the following
location:
http://www.extremenetworks.com/
Table 1: Notice icons
Icon Notice Type Alerts you to...
Note Important features or instructions.
Caution Risk of personal injury, system damage, or loss of data.
Warning Risk of severe personal injury.
Table 2: Text conventions
Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface indicates command syntax, or represents information as it appears on
the screen.
The words “enter”
and “type”
When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type something, and then
press the Return or Enter key. Do not press the Return or Enter key when an
instruction simply says “type.”
[Key] names Key names are written with brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].
If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key names are linked with a
plus sign (+). Example:
Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
Words in italicized type Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the place where they are defined in
the text. (Italics are also used when referring to publication titles.)

Related Publications
ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 Concepts Guide
19
Using ExtremeWare XOS Publications Online
You can access ExtremeWare XOS publications by downloading them from the Extreme Networks
World Wide Web location or from your ExtremeWare product CD. Publications are provided in Adobe®
Portable Document Format (PDF). Displaying or printing PDF files requires that your computer be
equipped with Adobe®Reader® software, which is available free of charge from Adobe Systems
Incorporated.
The user guide PDF file provides links that connect you directly to relevant command information in
the command reference guide PDF file. This quick-referencing capability enables you to easily find
detailed information in the command reference guide for any command mentioned in the user guide.
To ensure that the quick-referencing feature functions properly, follow these steps:
1Download both the user guide PDF file and the command reference guide PDF file to the same
destination directory on your computer.
2You may open one or both PDF files and to enable cross-referenced linking between the user guide
and command reference guide; however, it is recommended that for ease of use, you keep both files
open concurrently on your computer desktop.
NOTE
If you activate a cross-referencing link from the concepts guide PDF file to the command reference PDF file when
the command reference PDF file is closed (that is, not currently open on your computer desktop), the system will
close the user guide PDF file and open the command reference PDF file. To keep both PDF files open when you
activate a cross-reference link, open both PDF files before using the link.

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