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  9. Flipper TS-03 Installation guide

Flipper TS-03 Installation guide

Models TS-03 and TS-04
Please refer to the Owner’s Manual for assembly instructions,
product registration and information on accessory products.
U.S. PATENTS PENDING
All#rights#reserved
Copyright#©2011#Kevin#G.#Abelbeck
&ůŝƉƉĞƌdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐDĂŶƵĂůϭƐƚĚŝƟŽŶ
Published#by#Milo#Fitness,#LLC
Fort#Collins,#CO#80525
dŽŽďƚĂŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽƉŝĞƐŽĨƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂů
ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚDŝůŽ&ŝƚŶĞƐƐ>>ĂƚǁǁǁDŝůŽ&ŝƚĐŽŵ
ŽƌĞŵĂŝůĂƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƚŽ&>/WWZΛDŝůŽ&ŝƚĐŽŵ
ĞĐĂƵƐĞ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚDĂƩĞƌƐ
dŚĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌŝƐŶŽƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĂŶLJŝŶũƵƌLJƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŚĞƌĞŝŶdŚŝƐ
ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞůĂƟŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĂŶĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞďƵƚŝƐŶŽƚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ
ĞdžŚĂƵƐƟǀĞŽĨĂůůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚĂŶLJĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƵƐĞ
ĐĂƵƟŽŶĂŶĚŽŶůLJƵƐĞƚŚŝƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨĂƚƌĂŝŶĞĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĨĞƐE
sional.
dĂďůĞŽĨŽŶƚĞŶƚƐ
!"#$$%&'()*+),*-''
'Why#Flip?#.........................................................................................####1
 tŚĂƚŝƐĂ&>/WWZϯ
./,01'23*'!"#$$%&
 >ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϱ
 ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ>ŝŌϱ
 ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌϭϬ
 &ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚϭϯ
 ^ŝnjĞDĂƩĞƌƐ Ϯϭ
# Using#the#Loading#Charts##................................................................# 25
4+5,0,01'6+,77/
##0899+'4+5,0,01'6+,77/
 ^ŝŶŐůĞ>ŝŌĂŶĚZŽƚĂƚĞ ϯϬ
 DƵůƟƉůĞ>ŝŌĂŶĚZŽƚĂƚĞ ϯϭ
 DŝdžĞĚ>ŝŌĂŶĚZŽƚĂƚĞϯϭ
 >ĂƐƚDĂŶ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ϯϮ
 &>/WWZůĞĂŶϯϮ
 &>/WWZWƵůůϯϯ
 &>/WWZWŽǁĞƌůĞĂŶϯϰ
' (:2899+'4+5,0,01'6+,77/
 ϭͲDĂŶZĞůĂLJǀĞŶϯϱ
 ϭͲDĂŶZĞůĂLJhŶĞǀĞŶ ϯϲ
 ϮͲDĂŶZĞůĂLJǀĞŶϯϳ
 ϮͲDĂŶZĞůĂLJhŶĞǀĞŶ ϯϴ
 ϭͲDĂŶZĂĐĞǀĞŶ ϯϵ
 ϭͲDĂŶZĂĐĞhŶĞǀĞŶ ϰϬ
 ϮͲDĂŶZĂĐĞǀĞŶ ϰϭ
 ϮͲDĂŶZĂĐĞhŶĞǀĞŶ ϰϮ
 >ĂƐƚDĂŶ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ϰϯ
 ^ŝŶŐůĞƵĞů ϰϰ
dĞƐƟŶŐWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ
 ϲϬ^ĞĐŽŶĚdĞƐƚ ϰϱ
 ůƵďdĞƐƚ ϰϲ
ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ϰϳ
()*+),*-
;3<'!7,=>
dŝƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐŚĂƐůŽŶŐďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚĂƐĂƚĞƐƚŽĨƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŝŶ^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŵŽƌĞƌĞE
ĐĞŶƚůLJĂƐĂƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽŽůĨŽƌŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƐƉŽƌƚƐĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐ;ŽƌĐŽƌĂŶΘŝƌĚϮϬϬϵ,ĞĚƌŝĐŬϮϬϬϯ,ĞŶE
ĚƌŝĐŬϮϬϬϴ<ĞŽŐŚWĂLJŶĞŶĚĞƌƐŽŶΘƚŬŝŶƐϮϬϭϬ^DDĐ'ŝůůDĐĞƌŵŽƩΘ&ĞŶǁŝĐŬϮϬϬϵ
tĂůůĞƌWŝƉĞƌΘdŽǁŶƐĞŶĚϮϬϬϯͿ'ŝǀĞŶƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨLJĞĂƌƐ^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶĂŶĚ&ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ
ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂƌŽƵŶĚĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŚĂƐďĞĞŶƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ;,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬϮϬϬϴ
^DDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂůϮϬϬϵͿůĞƚĂůŽŶĞǁŝƚŚƌĞŐĂƌĚƚŽƚŚĞĞǀĞŶƚŽĨƟƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐDŽƌĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŚĂƐ
ƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJďĞĞŶƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚĂƐƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞŽĨ&ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐďĞĐŽŵĞƐŵŽƌĞĂƉƉĂƌĞŶƚƚŽĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐ
ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ
ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽŶdŝƌĞ&ůŝƉƉŝŶŐŚĂƐƐŚŽǁŶƚŚŝƐĞǀĞŶƚƚŽĞdžŚŝďŝƚĂŐƌĞĂƚĚĞĂůŽĨŵƵƐĐůĞĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶĐŽŵE
ƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŽƚŚĞƌ^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶĞǀĞŶƚƐ;^DDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂůϮϬϬϵͿ/Ŷ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭĂŐƌĂƉŚŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵ
ƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂůdŚŝƐŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŶǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĂǀĞƌE
ĂŐĞƉĞĂŬŵƵƐĐůĞĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŝdžƚĞĞŶŵƵƐĐůĞŐƌŽƵƉƐ;ĞŝŐŚƚŽŶĞĂĐŚƐŝĚĞͲƌŝŐŚƚĂŶĚůĞŌͲŽĨƚŚĞ
ďŽĚLJͿƐŽŵĞĂĐƟŶŐĂƐĐŽƌĞŵƵƐĐůĞƐ;ƌĞĐƚƵƐĂďĚŽŵŝŶŝƐĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůŽďůŝƋƵĞƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽďůŝƋƵĞƐͿ
ďĂĐŬŵƵƐĐůĞƐ;>ĂƟƐƐŝŵƵƐĚŽƌƐŝ ĂŶĚ ĞƌĞĐƚŽƌƐƉŝŶĂĞͿ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƉŬŶĞĞ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŽƌƐ ;ŐůƵƚĞƵƐŵĂdžŝŵƵƐ
ďŝĐĞƉƐĨĞŵŽƌŝƐĂŶĚƌĞĐƚƵƐĨĞŵŽƌŝƐͿ
Fig#1
KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁͲtŚLJ&ůŝƉ
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/Ŷ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭƚŚĞŶŝŶĞƐƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶĞǀĞŶƚƐ΀&ĂƌŵĞƌƐtĂůŬ;&tͿZŝŐŚƚͲ,ĂŶĚ^ƵŝƚĐĂƐĞĂƌƌLJ;Z,^Ϳ
>ĞŌͲ,ĂŶĚ^ƵŝƚĐĂƐĞĂƌƌLJ;>,^Ϳ^ƵƉĞƌzŽůŬtĂůŬ;ztͿ>ŽŐ>ŝŌ;>>ͿdŝƌĞ&ůŝƉ<ĞŐtĂůŬͲ>ĞŌ^ŚŽƵůE
ĚĞƌ;<t>^Ϳ<ĞŐtĂůŬͲZŝŐŚƚ^ŚŽƵůĚĞƌ;<tZ^ͿĂŶĚƚůĂƐ^ƚŽŶĞ>ŝŌ;^>Ϳ΁ƚŚĞdŝƌĞ&ůŝƉŚĂĚƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚE
ĞƐƚĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƉĞĂŬŵƵƐĐůĞĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶŝŶĞŝŐŚƚŽĨ ƚŚĞƐŝdžƚĞĞŶŵƵƐĐůĞƐĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ŽƚŚĞƌĞŝŐŚƚdŚĞƚůĂƐ^ƚŽŶĞ>ŝŌ;^>ͿǁĂƐƚŚĞŽŶůLJŽƚŚĞƌĞǀĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚƐŝŵŝůĂƌŽǀĞƌĂůůƉĞĂŬ
ŵƵƐĐůĞ ĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶ  ^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ŵŝŵŝĐ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ůŝŌŝŶŐ ĐĂƌƌLJŝŶŐ ƉƵƐŚŝŶŐ
ƉƵůůŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐdŚĞƐĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŵĂŶLJƐƉŽƌƟŶŐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ
dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞƵƐŝŶŐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŽƌƐƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƐƉŽƌƚƐĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐŝƐĂǀĂůƵĂďůĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂĚE
ĚŝƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞdŝƌĞ&ůŝƉŝƐĂƚŽƉĐŚŽŝĐĞ
dŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽǀĞƌǁŚĞůŵĞĚǁŝƚŚĐŽƌĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽƌĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐ
ƌĞĐĞŶƚƐŝŶŐůĞĂƌƟĐůĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĨ^ƉŽƌƚ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚŽǀĞƌϮϯϬƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚƉĂƉĞƌƐŽŶ
ĐŽƌĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ/ƐƚŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚĞŵƵƐĐůĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĂďĚŽŵŝŶĂůĐĂǀŝƚLJĂŶĚůŽǁĞƌďĂĐŬŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ
zĞƐƚŚĞLJĂƌĞtĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚĂďĚŽŵŝŶĂůŇĞdžŝŽŶŵĂLJŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůLJďĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚǁĂLJ
ĂŶĚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůLJŶŽƚƚŚĞŽŶůLJǁĂLJƚŽƚƌĂŝŶƚŚĞƐĞŵƵƐĐůĞƐ&ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐǁŚĞƌĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĂƌĞ
ůŝŌĞĚŝŶĂůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶƐƚĂďůĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐƐƉŝŶĂůƉŽƐƚƵƌĞŵĂLJďĞŵŽƐƚďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂů^ĞǀE
ĞƌĂůĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐĞdžŝƐƚƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂƌĂƉŝĚŵƵƐĐůĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƟīŶĞƐƐĞŶŚĂŶĐE
ŝŶŐŵƵƐĐƵůĂƌďŝŶĚŝŶŐ ǁŚĞƌĞƐĞǀĞƌĂůŵƵƐĐůĞƐĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚĂůƐŽĞůŝŵŝŶĂƟŶŐŵƵƐĐƵůĂƌ
ůĞĂŬƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǁĞĂŬĞƌŵƵƐĐůĞƐĂƌĞĨŽƌĐĞĚŝŶƚŽĞĐĐĞŶƚƌŝĐĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƟŽŶďLJƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌŵƵƐĐůĞƐ;^
DĐ'ŝůůϮϬϭϬͿƐĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞĚĞĂĚůŝŌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƐŚŽǁŶƚŽĞůŝĐŝƚĂŐƌĞĂƚĞƌŵƵƐĐůĞĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞƌĞĐƚƵƐĂďĚŽŵŝŶŝƐĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůŽďůŝƋƵĞůŽŶŐŝƐƐŝŵƵƐĂŶĚŵŝůƟĮĚƵƐŵƵƐĐůĞƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƐƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ
ďĂůůĂďĚŽŵŝŶĂůĂŶĚůŽǁĞƌďĂĐŬĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ;EƵnjnjŽDĐĂƵůůĞLJŽƌŵŝĞĂǀŝůůΘDĐƌŝĚĞϮϬϬϴͿƐ
ƐŚŽǁŶŽŶƚŚĞĨĂĐŝŶŐƉĂŐĞƟƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐŚĂĚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚĐŽƌĞŵƵƐĐůĞĂĐƟǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨ
ƐĞǀĞƌĂůĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƚƐ;^DDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂůϮϬϬϵͿ
>ŝŌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐĂƌƌLJŝŶŐŽďũĞĐƚƐŝƐƉƌŽďĂďůLJŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞŝƚŝƐŶŽǁŽŶE
ĚĞƌƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĂŶLJŵŽĚĞƌŶĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞƐƉŽƌƚƐƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůĚĞŵĂŶĚƐŽĨ
ĂƟƌĞŇŝƉĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌůŝŌŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƚƐ;tĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿƐŶŽƚĞĚďLJtĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůĂĐŽŶĐĞƌŶǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŝƐůŽǁďĂĐŬƐƚƌĞƐƐ/ƚŝƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƚŽŶŽƚĞƚŚĂƚDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂů;^DDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂů
ϮϬϬϵͿŶŽƚĞĚƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚWůƵŵďĂƌũŽŝŶƚƐŚĞĂƌĨŽƌĐĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƟƌĞŇŝƉĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĂůůŽƚŚĞƌ
ĞǀĞŶƚƐĞǀĞŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚŵĂƐƐŽĨůŽĂĚůŝŌĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƟƌĞŇŝƉWĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶŵĂLJďĞƚŚĞ
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƟƌĞŐŝǀĞƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌdŚŝƐǁŝůůďĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚŵŽƌĞ
ŝŶƚŚĞ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂů
ŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƟƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐŝŶŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝƐƚŚĞĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌdŚĞƐĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐďƌĞĂŬƵƉƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞƚLJƉŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉŽƐƐŝďůLJŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŽƵƐƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌE
ĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĐƌĞĂƚĞƐŽŵĞĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐ;ĞŶŶĞƩϮϬϬϴͿdŚĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ
ŽĨĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůŝŌŐŝǀĞƐƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ;ZĂŶĚĞůůƌŽŶŝŶ<ĞŽŐŚΘ'ŝůůϮϬϭϬͿ&Ğǁ
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ŽīĞƌ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐ ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂƚŚůĞƚĞ ĂƐ ŐƌĂďďŝŶŐ Ă ůŽĂĚĞĚ &>/WWZ ĂŶĚ
ƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐŝƚŽǀĞƌdŚĂƚŝƐĂďŝŐ/ďĞĂƚŝƚ/ƚŝƐŽŶŝƚƐďĂĐŬĂŶĚ/ƉƵƚŝƚƚŚĞƌĞdŚŝƐďƵŝůĚƐĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ
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dŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐĂĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽŽůĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞdŝƌĞ&ůŝƉƉŝŶŐdŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐƚŚĞ
ĮƌƐƚƟƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚĂƐĂŶĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞhƐŝŶŐĚŝƐĐĂƌĚĞĚƚƌƵĐŬ
ĂŶĚƚƌĂĐƚŽƌƟƌĞƐďƌŝŶŐƐǁŝƚŚŝƚĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐƉĞƌŚĂƉƐŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůLJƚŚĞŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽ
ĂůƚĞƌƚŚĞƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞtŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŵŽǀĂďůĞǁĞŝŐŚƚƉůĂƚĞĚŝĚĨŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐǁŝƚŚďĂƌďĞůůƐ
ƚŚĞ&>/WWZŚĂƐĚŽŶĞĨŽƌƟƌĞŇŝƉƉŝŶŐ
dŚĞďĂƐŝĐĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂƌĞƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϮdŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐƐLJŵŵĞƚƌŝĐĂůĂďŽƵƚ
ƚŚĞůĞŌĂŶĚƌŝŐŚƚƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚĂŶĚďĂĐŬĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞƚŽƉĂŶĚƚŚĞďŽƩŽŵ/ŶĚŽŝŶŐƐŽƚŚĞ&>/WWZ
ŵĂLJďĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚŝŶĂŶLJŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐǁŝůůďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ
dŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐĐĂŶďĞŐƌĂƐƉĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůƐĞĐƟŽŶŽƌĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƚŽǁĂƌĚƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ
ĚĞǀŝĐĞŽŶƚŚĞĂŶŐůĞĚƐĞĐƟŽŶDŽƐƚůŝŌĞƌƐƉƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐŽƌ
ƚŚĞũƵŶĐƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůĂŶĚĂŶŐůĞĚƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĂƐƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵĨŽƌƚƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞůŝŌDŽƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůŽŶŚĂŶĚƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŵĂLJďĞĨŽƵŶĚ
ŝŶƚŚĞ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂů
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KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁͲtŚĂƚŝƐĂ&ůŝƉƉĞƌ
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dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽƚLJƉĞƐŽĨďƵŵƉĞƌƐƚŚĞƵŵƉĞƌŚĞƐƚWĂĚĂŶĚƚŚĞƵŵƉĞƌdžƚƌƵƐŝŽŶdŚĞƵŵƉĞƌ
ŚĞƐƚWĂĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞĐƵƐŚŝŽŶƚŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ
ŝŶŝƟĂůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌdŚĞƵŵƉĞƌdžƚƌƵƐŝŽŶŐŝǀĞƐŝŵƉĂĐƚĂďƐŽƌďŝŶŐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĨƌĂŵĞĂƐ
ƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐŇŝƉƉĞĚŽǀĞƌĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƐƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ
dŚĞtĞŝŐŚƚWŝŶƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽŚŽůĚǁĞŝŐŚƚƉůĂƚĞƐƚŽǀĂƌLJƚŚĞůŽĂĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZ/ƚŝƐƌĞĐŽŵE
ŵĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǁĞŝŐŚƚŝƐƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶĂǁĞŝŐŚƚƉŝŶŽŶŽŶĞƐŝĚĞ;ƌŝŐŚƚŽƌůĞŌͿƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĞŝŐŚƚ
ŝƐƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚǁĞŝŐŚƚƉŝŶĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌďĞĂŵdŚŝƐĂůůŽǁƐĨŽƌĞǀĞŶǁĞŝŐŚƚƉůĂĐĞE
ŵĞŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚĂŶĚůĞŌƐŝĚĞ ŽĨƚŚĞƵƐĞƌĂŶĚŚĞůƉƐƚŚĞ &>/WWZƚŽƚƌĂĐŬƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚǁŚĞŶ
ŇŝƉƉĞĚŽǀĞƌdŚĞĨƌŽŶƚƚŽďĂĐŬůŽĂĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞtĞŝŐŚƚWŝŶƐŵĂLJďĞĂůƚĞƌĞĚƚŽǀĂƌLJƚŚĞƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞĚ
dŽƚĂůtĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZǁŝƚŚĂƐŝŶŐůĞůŽĂĚƐĞƚƵƉdŚŝƐŝƐĞdžƉůĂŝŶĞĚŝŶĚĞƚĂŝůŝŶƚŚĞUsing&the&
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#0899+')*+/:/'(:2899+'4+5,0,01B
KƵƚĚŽŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐŇŝƉƉŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZĞŶĚŽǀĞƌĞŶĚ/ŶĚŽŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƵƐĞƐĂŽĐŬŝŶŐ^ƚĂE
ƟŽŶƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝŶĂƉƌĞĚĞĮŶĞĚůŽĐĂƟŽŶƚŚůĞƚĞƐŵĂLJĂůƐŽůŝŌƚŚĞ&>/WWZƚŽǀĞƌƟĐĂůĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞŶůŽǁĞƌŽƌĚƌŽƉƚŚĞ&>/WWZďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŇŝƉƉŝŶŐŝƚŽǀĞƌKƵƚĚŽŽƌ
ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŇŝƉƉŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZĞŶĚŽǀĞƌĞŶĚƐŚŽƵůĚŽŶůLJďĞĚŽŶĞǁŚĞƌĞƐƉĂĐĞŝƐŶŽƚĂĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĚƵĞ
ƚŽƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƉĞŽƉůĞŽƌŽďũĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚŵĂLJďĞŚŝƚďLJƚŚĞ&>/WWZǁŚĞŶďĞŝŶŐŇŝƉƉĞĚ
tŚĞŶƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŚůĞƚĞƐŐƌŝƉƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŵĂLJŶŽƚƚƌĂĐŬŝŶĂƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞ
>ĂƌŐĞŽƉĞŶĂƌĞĂƐŵĂLJďĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌKƵƚĚŽŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĞǀĞŶŝĨƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂƌŽŽĨŽǀĞƌŚĞĂĚdŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨƵƐŝŶŐKƵƚĚŽŽƌdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŝƐůĞŌƚŽƚŚĞĚŝƐĐƌĞƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƚŚůĞƚĞŽƌŽĂĐŚŝŶĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ
area.
^ƉŽƩĞƌƐ
^ƉŽƩĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚĂůǁĂLJƐďĞƵƐĞĚdŚĞůŝŌĞƌŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌŚĂŶĚůĞƐŽŶŽŶĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ
&//WWZůĞĂǀŝŶŐƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌŚĂŶĚůĞƐŽŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĞŶĚĨŽƌĂƐƉŽƩĞƌŽŶĞĂĐŚƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌdŚĞ
ƐƉŽƩĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚƐƚĂLJŶĞĂƌƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƚŽďĞĂďůĞƚŽŐƌĂƐƉƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐŝĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵŝƐƐĞƐĂůŝŌdŚĞ
ƐƉŽƩĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚŶĞǀĞƌďĞƚŽŽĨĂƌŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŽĂƐƚŽďĞŝŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽĨďĞŝŶŐŚŝƚďLJƚŚĞ&>/WE
WZǁŚĞŶŝƚŝƐŇŝƉƉĞĚďLJƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ/ŶŵŽƐƚĐĂƐĞƐŝĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĐĂŶŶŽƚĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĂůŝŌƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌǁŝůů
ƐƚŽƉĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůLJƐƚĞƉďĂĐŬĂŶĚĚƌŽƉƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝĨƚŚŝƐŝƐĚŽŶĞƚŚĞƐƉŽƩĞƌƐŶĞĞĚŶŽƚĂƐƐŝƐƚ
ŝŶůŽǁĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZƐǁŝƚŚĂŶLJůŝŌŝŶŐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶůŝŌĞƌĂŶĚƐƉŽƚE
ƚĞƌƐŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ
;5+0,01/B
ŽŶƐƵůƚƚŚĞKǁŶĞƌƐŵĂŶƵĂůĨŽƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƚĚĞƚĂŝůĐĂƌĞĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞůǁĂLJƐŝŶƐƉĞĐƚLJŽƵƌ&>/WE
WZďĞĨŽƌĞƵƐĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉůLJǁŝƚŚĂůůǁĂƌŶŝŶŐƐůŝƐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞKǁŶĞƌƐDĂŶƵĂů/ĨLJŽƵƌKǁŶĞƌƐDĂŶƵĂů
ŝƐůŽƐƚŽƌĚĂŵĂŐĞĚLJŽƵŵĂLJĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚŽŶĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁĞďƐŝƚĞĂƚǁǁǁDŝůŽ&ŝƚĐŽŵŽƌďLJĐŽŶƚĂĐƟŶŐ
LJŽƵƌĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌŽƌDŝůŽ&ŝƚŶĞƐƐĂƚ&>/WWZΛDŝůŽĮƚĐŽŵ
C
KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁͲtŚĂƚŝƐĂ&ůŝƉƉĞƌ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ>ŝŌdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞB
dŚĞ ůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ǀĂƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƐŽŵĞ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ďƵƚ ŝŶ Ă ƟƌĞ ŇŝƉ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĨŽƵƌ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƚ
ƉŚĂƐĞƐ;<ĞŽŐŚĞƚĂůϮϬϭϬͿdŚĞĮƌƐƚƉŚĂƐĞŝƐƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůƉƵůůŽƌĮƌƐƚƉƵůůǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐ
ĮƌƐƚŵŽǀĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚdŚĞŶĞdžƚƉŚĂƐĞŝƐƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůů/ŶƚŚŝƐƉŚĂƐĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĂŚĂŶŐE
ŝŶŐĐůĞĂŶƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐƌĂƉŝĚůLJĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞĚƵƉďLJĂƌĂƉŝĚĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůĞŐƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚďĂĐŬŽĨ
ƚŚĞƵƐĞƌhƉŽŶƌĞĂĐŚŝŶŐŵĂdžŝŵƵŵŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞƵƐĞƌĂƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞ
ŽĐĐƵƌƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞŚĂŶĚƐĐŽŵĞŽīƚŚĞƟƌĞƚŽďĞƌĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĮŶĂůƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞƚŽŇŝƉƚŚĞ
ƟƌĞŽǀĞƌKƚŚĞƌĂƵƚŚŽƌƐƉƌĞĨĞƌƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞůŝŌŝŶŵŽƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞĚƉŚĂƐĞƐ;,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬϮϬϬϴ^
DDĐ'ŝůůĞƚĂůϮϬϬϵtĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿZĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŽůŽŐLJƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƐƚĂƌƚƐǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚĞŶĚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŇŝƉƉĞĚŽǀĞƌĂǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ
D+,=/B
dŽƵƐĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZƐƋƵĂƚĚŽǁŶŽŶŽŶĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŚŽƵůĚŐƌĂƐƉƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐ
ǁŝƚŚďŽƚŚŚĂŶĚƐdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŚŽƵůĚƵƐĞĂƐƵƉŝŶĂƚĞĚŐƌŝƉ;ǁƌŝƐƚƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚͲ&ŝŐϯͿŽƌŶĞƵƚƌĂůŐƌŝƉ
;ǁƌŝƐƚƐĨĂĐŝŶŐŝŶƚŽǁĂƌĚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌͲ&ŝŐϰͿdŚĞƐƵƉŝŶĂƚĞĚŐƌŝƉŝƐƵƐĞĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŐƌĂďƐƚŚĞ
ŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞƵƚƌĂůŐƌŝƉŝƐƵƐĞĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƵƐĞƐƚŚĞĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ
ĨĂĐŝŶŐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƉŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽůŝŌŝŶŐƐƚLJůĞƐdŚĞ>ŝŌĞƌƐŚĂŶĚƐŵĂLJďĞŝŶE
ƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŬŶĞĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨĞĞƚƐƉĂĐĞĚǁŝĚĞdŚŝƐŝƐĂ^ƵŵŽ'ƌŝƉ;tĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿĂŶĚŝƐƚŚĞ
ƐƵƉŝŶĚĂƚĞĚŐƌŝƉŽĨ&ŝŐϯǁŝƚŚĂŶĂƌƌŽǁŚĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŚŽƵůĚEsZ#use#an#overhand#
ŐƌŝƉ;ƉĂůŵƐĨĂĐŝŶŐďĂĐŬǁĂƌĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌͿĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉƵůůƉŚĂƐĞ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
E
&ŝŐϯ
Standard#or#supiE
nated#grip#
&ŝŐϰ
neutral#grip
dŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJĂůƐŽĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽŐƌĂƐƉƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐǁŝĚĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌĨĞĞƚŽŶůLJƐůŝŐŚƚůLJǁŝĚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ
ƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐdŚĞŚĂŶĚƐǁŝůůŐƌŝƉƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐƐůŝŐŚƚůLJǁŝĚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞĨĞĞƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŬŶĞĞƐŇĂƌĞĚŽƵƚ
ƐůŝŐŚƚůLJĂƐŝŶĚŽŝŶŐĂƐƋƵĂƚ^ŽŵĞůŝŌĞƌƐƉƌĞĨĞƌƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚĞŝƌŬŶĞĞƐƌĞƐƚŽŶƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ
ĂƌŵƐdŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƌďĂĐŬƐƚLJůĞ;tĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿĂŶĚŝƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϱdŚĞĨĞĞƚ
ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŚĂŶĚƐ,ŽǁĨĂƌďĞŚŝŶĚŵĂLJǀĂƌLJdŚŝƐŝƐƐƵĞŽĨĨŽŽƚƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŝƐĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ
in#detail#in#the#“Foot&Placement“ƐĞĐƟŽŶdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐĐŚĞƐƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƚŽƵĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞƵŵƉĞƌŚĞƐƚ
^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ;ŝƚĞŵηϭϭͿ
!,+/2'$:77'$35/*B
&ƌŽŵ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ůŝŌŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝŌĞƌ ǁŝůů ĞdžƚĞŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŝƉƐ ŬŶĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂŶŬůĞƐ ;ƚƌŝƉůĞ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶͿ
ƚŽĚƌŝǀĞŽŶĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZƵƉ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϲͿƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐ&ŝƌƐƚWƵůůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌƚŚĞĂƌŵƐ
ƐŚŽƵůĚƌĞŵĂŝŶƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůLJƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŚŝƉƐĂŶĚŬŶĞĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚĞdžƚĞŶĚŝŶĂƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJĞƋƵĂů
ŵĂŶŶĞƌdŚŝƐƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŝƐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĂƐƋƵĂƚĂƐŽƉƉŽƐĞĚƚŽĂĚĞĂĚůŝŌǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂ
ƐĞƋƵĞŶƟĂůůŽǁĞƌďŽĚLJĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶĂƐƚŚĞďĂƌŚĂƐƚŽďĞŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƚĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŬŶĞĞ;ŬŶĞĞƉĂƐƐͿ
;ƐĐĂŵŝůůĂĞƚĂůϮϬϬϬ,ĂůĞƐ:ŽŚŶƐŽŶΘ:ŽŚŶƐŽŶϮϬϬϵͿdŚŝƐďĞŝŶŐƐƚĂƚĞĚŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŶŽƚƚŽ
ĮƌƐƚĞůĞǀĂƚĞƚŚĞŚŝƉƐďLJĞdžƚĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŬŶĞĞƐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞŚŝƉƐdŚŝƐŵĂLJƉƵƚĞdžĐĞƐƐŝǀĞƐƚƌĞƐƐŽŶƚŚĞ
ůŽǁĞƌďĂĐŬŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌLJƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƚŚĞŚŝƉƐƐƚĂLJůŽǁĞƌĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞůŝŌƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ
ůĞƐƐĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌďĂĐŬ&ŽƌƉƌŽƉĞƌůŝŌŝŶŐŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐƚŚĞŚŝƉƐƐŚŽƵůĚŶĞǀĞƌďĞŚŝŐŚĞƌ
ƚŚĂŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐ  dŚĞ ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌ ůŝŌŝŶŐ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐ ŝƐ ƐŚŽǁŶ ŝŶ &ŝŐƵƌĞ ϳ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŚŝƉƐ ĂƌĞ
ŚŝŐŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐdŚĞƐƉŽƩĞƌŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŝĨ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
F'
Fig#5
^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŐƌŝƉƉƌŝŽƌƚŽůŝŌ
necessary.
G
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
&ŝŐϳ
^ƚĂƌƚŽĨĮƌƐƚƉƵůů;ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌͿ
&ŝŐϲ
^ƚĂƌƚŽĨĮƌƐƚƉƵůů;ƉƌŽƉĞƌͿ
^ĞĐŽŶĚWƵůůWŚĂƐĞ
ƐƚŚĞŚĂŶĚƐŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƉĂƐƐƚŚĞŬŶĞĞƚŚĞ^ĞĐŽŶĚWƵůůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌďĞŐŝŶƐ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϴͿdŚŝƐ
ŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƌĂƉŝĚůLJĞdžƚĞŶĚƐƚŚĞŚŝƉƐ
ŬŶĞĞƐĂŶĚĂŶŬůĞƐĂŶĚƐŚƌƵŐƐƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐƚŽĚƌŝǀĞƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂƐŚŝŐŚŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƚŽƌƐŽ
ŽĨƚŚĞďŽĚLJĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐƉŚĂƐĞƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐĨĞĞƚŵĂLJĐŽŵĞŽīƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ^ŽŵĞůŝŌE
ĞƌƐƉƌĞĨĞƌƚŽŬŝƉŽƌŬŝĐŬƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƵƉǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƚŚŝŐŚŽĨŽŶĞůĞŐĐŽŶƚĂĐƟŶŐƚŚĞďŽƩŽŵƵŵƉĞƌ
džƚƌƵƐŝŽŶ;ƐĞĞ&ŝŐƵƌĞϮͿdŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĂŶĚŵĂLJŶŽƚďĞĚĞƐŝƌĂďůĞĂƐƚŚĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŐŽĂůŝƐ
ƚŽďƵŝůĚĞdžƉůŽƐŝǀĞƉŽǁĞƌĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚdŚŝƐŝƐďĞƐƚĂƩĂŝŶĞĚďLJĐĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞďŽĚLJŽŶƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ
ĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐĂƐŵƵĐŚƉŽǁĞƌĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďLJƌĂƉŝĚƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůĞŐƐĂŶĚŚŝƉƐ
DĂdžŝŵĂůĨŽƌĐĞĂŶĚƉŽǁĞƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶǁŝůůŶŽƚŚĂƉƉĞŶŝĨŽŶĞůĞŐŝƐŝŶƚŚĞĂŝƌtŝƚŚďŽƚŚĨĞĞƚŽŶƚŚĞ
ŐƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞƌĞŵĂLJďĞĂůŽǁĞƌƌŝƐŬŽĨŝŶũƵƌLJ;tĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿ
>ŝŌŝŶŐŚĞĂǀŝĞƌůŽĂĚƐŶĞĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐϭZDƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJƵƐĞŵƵůƟƉůĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƐƚŽŐĞƚ
ƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞdŚĞ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ>ŝŌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ&>/WWZŚĂƐŵĂŶLJƐŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐƚŽĂŶKůLJŵƉŝĐ
ĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚũĞƌŬdŚŽƵŐŚŵĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌŝŶŐƉŚĂƐĞƐĂƌĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝƐĂŌĞƌƚŚĞ
ƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůŽĨĂĐůĞĂŶƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞŵƵƐƚĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞďĂƌŝŶĂďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƐƚĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďĂƌŽŶƐŚŽƵůE
ĚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌtŝƚŚƚŚĞ&>/WWZƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂƚLJƉĞŽĨĐĂƚĐŚďƵƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ&>/WWZƚŚĞĐƵƐŚŝŽŶĞĚ
ƌƵďďĞƌďƵŵƉĞƌƐĐĂŶĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƚŚĞƚŽƌƐŽŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĞǀĞŶƌĞƐƟŶŐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞďŽĚLJŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ/Ŷ
H
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
Fig#8
ĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůů
I
ĚŽŝŶŐƐŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐĞƋƵĞŶƟĂůƐƵƉƉůĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƌLJƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƐƚŽǁŽƌŬƚŚĞ
ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƵƉ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŽƌƐŽ ƵŶƟůƚŚĞLJ ĂƌĞĂďůĞ ƚŽƌŽƚĂƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌŐƌŝƉƚŚĞƌĞďLJƌĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŵŽĚŝĮĞĚ
ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞ/ĨŵƵůƟƉůĞƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌLJƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌǁŝůůďĞŶĚƚŚĞŝƌ
ĂƌŵƐĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌďƵŵƉĞƌŽŶƚŚĞƚŽƌƐŽŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐƋƵĂƚƐůŝŐŚƚůLJĂŶĚĚƌŝǀĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZ
ƵƉƚŚĞŶŇĞdžŝŶŐƚŚĞĂƌŵƐĂŶĚƐŚƌƵŐŐŝŶŐƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌLJƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůĂĐŚ
ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌLJƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƐŚŽƵůĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZŽŶƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƵŶƟůƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ
ĐĂŶƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĞ&>/WWZŽŶƚŚĞŝƌďŽĚLJƚŽƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌ
dƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶWŚĂƐĞ
ŌĞƌƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůů;ƐͿƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞ &>/WWZĂƚŵŝĚͲĐŚĞƐƚ
ƚƚŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚǁŝƚŚŇĞdžĞĚĂƌŵƐƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƌŽƚĂƚĞƐƚŚĞŝƌŐƌĂƐƉĨƌŽŵĂƉƵůůŐƌŝƉ;ƵŶĚĞƌŚĂŶĚŐƌŝƉͿƚŽ
ƚŚĞƉƵƐŚŐƌŝƉ;ŽǀĞƌŚĂŶĚŐƌŝƉͿdŚŝƐŝƐƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚƚŽĂƐƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞdŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞŝƐ
ƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϵ
'ĞƫŶŐƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ŚŝŐŚ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ďŽĚLJ ƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞŵĂLJ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐƉŚĂƐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ/ĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĐĂŶŶŽƚĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞůŝŌƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞƚŚĞ
ƐƉŽƩĞƌŵĂLJƐƚĞƉŝŶĂŶĚĂƐƐŝƐƚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŽƌƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJƐƚĞƉďĂĐŬŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƚŚŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ
ĂŶĚůĞƚŝƚĨĂůůƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ/ĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĞůĞĐƚƐƚŽƐĐƌĂƚĐŚŽŶĂůŝŌĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŝƐ
ĨƵůůLJĂǁĂƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƚŚǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞǁŝůůĨĂůůƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐĨĞĞƚŽƌĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ
ďŽĚLJƉĂƌƚŝƐĐůĞĂƌŽĨƚŚŝƐƉĂƚŚ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂĐƚƐůŝŬĞŝƚŝƐŚŝŶŐĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ
ŵĂLJůĞĂŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞĐƵƐŚŝŽŶĞĚƌƵďďĞƌďƵŵƉĞƌƐǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞLJƐƚĞƉďĂĐŬĂǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƉƌŝŽƌ
ƚŽƌĞůĞĂƐŝŶŐŝƚĂŶĚĂůůŽǁŝŶŐŝƚƚŽĨĂůů
$:/3'$35/*B
dŚĞĮŶĂůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŇŝƉŝƐƚŚĞƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞdŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ
ŽĨƚŚĞƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞŝƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϵƐƚŚĞŶĂŵĞWƵƐŚWŚĂƐĞŝŵƉůŝĞƐƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĞdžƚĞŶĚƐƚŚĞŝƌ
ĂƌŵƐŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌƚŽƌƐŽƵƉƌŝŐŚƚdŚĞůŝŌĞƌƉƵƐŚĞƐƚŚĞ&>/WWZƚŽƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂůƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŽǀĞƌ
dŚĞďƵŵƉĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZĐƵƐŚŝŽŶƚŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚŌĞƌƚŚŝƐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉŝƐĐŽŵE
ƉůĞƚĞEŽǁƚŚĞƐĂŵĞůŝŌĞƌŽƌĂŶŽƚŚĞƌůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŚĞĐůŽƐĞĞŶĚĂŶĚƌĞƉĞĂƚƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ
ŽƌƚŚĞLJŵĂLJŐŽƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĞŶĚĂŶĚŇŝƉƚŚĞ&>/WWZďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
&ŝŐϵ
ŶĚŽĨƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞ
ĂŶĚďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞ
tŚĞŶƵƐĞĚŝŶƐŝĚĞŝƚŝƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZŽĐŬŝŶŐ^ƚĂƟŽŶŽƌĂůĂƌŐĞŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞƐƵĐŚ
ĂƐĂƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĮĞůĚ&ŽƌŽƵƚĚŽŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶLJůĂƌŐĞŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞǁŝƚŚĂŶĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůLJƐƚĂďůĞĂŶĚ
ĚƵƌĂďůĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŵĂLJďĞƵƐĞĚ/ƚŝƐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ&>/WWZďĞƵƐĞĚŽŶĂŐƌĂƐƐƚƵƌĨŽƌ
ƌƵďďĞƌƐƵƌĨĂĐĞĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞŽƌĂƐƉŚĂƵůƚĂƐƚŚĞŚĂƌĚĞƌĂŶĚŵŽƌĞĂďƌĂƐŝǀĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞǁŝůů
ǁĞĂƌƚŚĞďƵŵƉĞƌƐŵŽƌĞƌĂƉŝĚůLJdŚĞƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŵĂLJďĞĂůƚĞƌĞĚďLJĂĚĚŝŶŐŽƌƌĞŵŽǀE
ŝŶŐǁĞŝŐŚƚƉůĂƚĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚƉŝŶƐĂƐĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚŝŶƚŚĞUsing&the&Loading&ChartsƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂů
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^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞB
/ĨLJŽƵĂƌĞŶŽƚƟƌĞĚĞŶŽƵŐŚŽĨŚĞĂƌŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĐŽƌĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƐŐŽŽĚďĞĐĂƵƐĞǁĞĂƌĞŶŽƚLJĞƚ
ĮŶŝƐŚĞĚWƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůLJǁĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚƚŚĞƌĂƚŚĞƌŽǀĞƌǁŚĞůŵŝŶŐĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐ
ĂƌĞĂĂŶĚĨŽƌŐŽŽĚƌĞĂƐŽŶ/ĨƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌďŽĚLJŝƐƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŽĨŽƵƌĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƌŵƐĂƌĞ
ƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĨŽƌĐĞ;ďůŽĐŬŝŶŐƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐƉƵƐŚŝŶŐƉƵůůŝŶŐƚĂĐŬůŝŶŐĞƚĐͿƚŚĞƚƌƵŶŬŽƌĐŽƌĞŝƐ
ƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌďŽĚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌďŽĚLJ/ĨƚŚĂƚŝƐĂǁĞĂŬůŝŶŬƚŚĞĐŚĂŝŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞďŽĚLJǁŝůůĨĂŝůdŚŝƐŵĂLJŵĞĂŶŝŶũƵƌLJŽƌĂƚƚŚĞǀĞƌLJůĞĂƐƚĂƐƵďͲŽƉƟŵĂůƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽŶƚŚĞ
ĮĞůĚĐŽƵƌƚŽƌŵĂƚ
tŚĞŶ LJŽƵ ĞdžĂŵŝŶĞ ŵĂŶLJ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚƌƵŶŬ ƌŽƚĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ Ă
ƐƚĂďůĞďĂƐĞŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚdŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚĂďĂƩĞƌĂƚƚŚĞŵŽƵŶĚĂƚĞŶŶŝƐƉůĂLJĞƌƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐƚŚĞďĂůůĂ
ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŚŽƚŽƌŚĂŵŵĞƌƚŚƌŽǁĞƌŝŶĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶdŚĞƐĞĂƌĞŽďǀŝŽƵƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƉŽǁĞƌǁŚĞƌĞ
ƚŚĞůĞŐƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚĂďŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌďŽĚLJŵŽǀĞƐƚŽĚƌŝǀĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚŚŝƚŽƌƚŚƌŽǁĂŶ
ŽďũĞĐƚ/ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƚŵĂLJďĞĂŶŽƉƉŽŶĞŶƚtŚĞŶĂŐƵĂƌĚƉƵůůƐĂƌƵŶŶŝŶŐďĂĐŬ
ŵĂŬĞƐĂĐƵƚŽƌĂǁƌĞƐƚůĞƌŵĂŬĞƐĂŶĞƐĐĂƉĞŽƌĂƚĂŬĞĚŽǁŶĨŽƌĂŵŽŵĞŶƚƚŚĞĨĞĞƚĚŽŶŽƚĨĂĐĞ
ƚŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŬĞLJĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞŝƐĚƌŝǀŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŽŚŝƚ
ŽƌƚŚƌŽǁƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƚŽƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ
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/ƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐŚŽǁŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐƉĞĞĚŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚŝƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞ
ĂƚŚůĞƚĞŝƐĂďůĞƚŽƚŚƌŽǁƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƚĂƐŽƉƉŽƐĞĚƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĐŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ
;EĞǁƚŽŶ<ƌĂĞŵĞƌ,ĂŬŬŝŶĞŶ,ƵŵƉŚƌŝĞƐΘDƵƌƉŚLJϭϵϵϲͿ/ŶƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJEĞǁƚŽŶĂŶĚĂƐƐŽĐŝE
ĂƚĞƐƐŚŽǁĞĚĂŶĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƉŽǁĞƌŽƵƚƉƵƚƚŚĂƚǁĂƐϳϬйŐƌĞĂƚĞƌǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐǁĞƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚƚŽ
ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂďĞŶĐŚƉƌĞƐƐƚŚƌŽǁĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĞdžĐĞƉƚƚŚĞLJĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚƌĞůĞĂƐĞ
ƚŚĞďĂƌĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚtŝƚŚĨĞǁĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶƐƚŚŝƐƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝƐŚŽǁ
ŽƵƌĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ&ŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌƵŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚũƵŵƉŝŶŐŝƐĂĐƚƵĂůůLJƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶďŽĚLJ
^ŽŚŽǁĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐĂƉƉůLJƚŽƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵƵƐĞĚďLJEĞǁƚŽŶĞƚĂůǁĂƐƵƐĞĚƚŽƚƌĂŝŶĂ
ŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞũƵŵƉƐƋƵĂƚ;,ŽƌŝĞƚĂůϮϬϬϴͿKŶĞŐƌŽƵƉŚĂĚƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚďĂƌ
ŽŶƚŚĞŝƌƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐĂƐƚŚĞLJĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĞĂĐŚƌĞƉĞƟƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝƌũƵŵƉƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶE
ƚĂůŐƌŽƵƉƵƐĞĚĂďƌĂŬŝŶŐƐLJƐƚĞŵƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐĂƐŝĨƚŚĞLJǁĞƌĞƚƌƵůLJƚŚƌŽǁE
ŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚŌĞƌĞŝŐŚƚǁĞĞŬƐŽĨƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐƐŚŽǁĞĚĂƌĞůĂƟǀĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐƋƵĂƚ
ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚǁĂƐϳϲйŐƌĞĂƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉƚŚĂƚǁĂƐĂůůŽǁĞĚƚŽƚŚƌŽǁĂŶĚŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞ
ǁĞŝŐŚƚdŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚũƵŵƉŚĞŝŐŚƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞǁĂƐŽǀĞƌϮϭϮйŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ;LJĞƐŽǀĞƌ
ƚǁŝĐĞĂƐŵƵĐŚͿŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉƚŚĂƚĚŝĚŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉƚŚĂƚ
ŚĂĚƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĂůŽŶĞŵĂLJŶŽƚďĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽŽƉƟŵĂůůLJ
ƚƌĂŝŶLJŽƵƌĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐdŚĞĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽĨŽůůŽǁƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚƚŚƌŽǁŝƐĂůƐŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ'
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ>ŝŌŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ
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dŚĞ&>/WWZĂůůŽǁƐĂǀĞƌLJƵŶŝƋƵĞƚLJƉĞŽĨƚĞĂŵƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƐŝŵƉůLJĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞĚŽŶĞǁŝƚŚĂƟƌĞ
dŚŝƐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝƐĐĂůůĞĚĂ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌdŚĞ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌŝƐƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚďLJƚǁŽĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐŽĨƐŝŵŝůĂƌŚĞŝŐŚƚ
ĂĐŚĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐƚĂŶĚƐŽŶƚŚĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZŐƌĂƐƉŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌŚĂŶĚůĞƐŽŶĞŽŶĞĂĐŚƐŝĚĞĂƐ
ŝƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϬdŚĞŝƌĨĞĞƚƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞĂǁŝĚĞƌƚŚĂŶƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌǁŝĚƚŚƐƚĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƚŽĞƐ
ĨĂĐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZKŶĐŽŵŵĂŶĚďŽƚŚĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐĞdžƚĞŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŚŝƉƐŬŶĞĞƐĂŶĚĂŶŬůĞƐƚŽĚƌŝǀĞƚŚĞ
&>/WWZƵƉǁĂƌĚdŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZƐŚŽƵůĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ
ƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƉŚĂƐĞĂƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϭ ƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞĂƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϮĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞĂƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϯĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞƐƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐ
ƐŚŽƵůĚƌŽƚĂƚĞƚŚĞŝƌďŽĚŝĞƐĨƌŽŵĨĂĐŝŶŐŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƚŽďĞŝŶůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚĚƌŝǀŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŵŽƟŽŶ
ŽĨƚŚƌŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZŽǀĞƌdŚĞĂĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞWƵƐŚWŚĂƐĞƐŚŽƵůĚůĞĂǀĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZŇŝƉƉĞĚĂǁĂLJ
ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐ
dŚĞŶĞdžƚƌĞƉĞƟƟŽŶŝƐƵƉƚŽƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚĂƐƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŇŝƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽƌŇŝƉƉŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WE
WZďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ/ƚŝƐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJƌŽƚĂƟŽŶƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞŵĂŬĞƐƚŽ
ŽŶĞƐŝĚĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌŽƚĂƟŽŶŝƐŵĂĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƐŝƚĞƐŝĚĞdŚŝƐŵĂLJďĞĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚĞĚďLJŬĞĞƉŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐŽŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂŶĚĨŽƌĞĂĐŚŇŝƉƚŚĞLJŵĂŬĞŶŽƌƚŚƚŚĞLJŵĂŬĞƚŚĞ
ƐĂŵĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨŇŝƉƐƐŽƵƚŚƚŚůĞƚĞƐǁŝůůƚĞŶĚƚŽǁĂŶƚƚŽƵƐĞŽŶůLJƚŚĞŝƌĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞƐŝĚĞdŽŚĞůƉ
ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŶũƵƌLJĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƵŶŝĨŽƌŵĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƌĞŵƵƐĐůĞƐĞƋƵĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽĞĂĐŚƐŝĚĞ
ŽĨƌŽƚĂƟŽŶŝƐŚŝŐŚůLJƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚ
#
/ŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽůŝŌĞƌƐĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐƉŽƩĞƌŝƐŶŽƚŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌLJĂƐĞĂĐŚůŝŌĞƌŝƐĂĐƟŶŐĂƐĂ
ƐƉŽƩĞƌƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌůŝŌĞƌ/ĨĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐƉŽƩĞƌŝƐĚĞƐŝƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƐƉŽƩĞƌŵĂLJƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ
ůŝŌĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZďĞŝŶŐůŝŌĞĚ/ŶĞƐƐĞŶĐĞƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůŝŌĞƌƐƉŽƩĞƌƌŽůĞƐĂƌĞ
ƌĞǀĞƌƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌĂƚŚůĞƚĞŝƐŶŽǁƚŚĞƐƉŽƩĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐŝĚĞƐŽĨ
ƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂƌĞƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐDĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞĚƌŝůůƐĂƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůŵĂLJďĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞ
^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ>ŝŌdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞŽƌƚŚĞ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞdŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĚƌŝůůƐĂŶĚƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐ
ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽďĞůĞŌƚŽƚŚĞ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐŽĂĐŚĞƐ
Fig#10
^ƚĂƌƚŽĨĮƌƐƚƉƵůůͲ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌ
Fig#11
^ƚĂƌƚŽĨƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůͲ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌ
Fig#12
dƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶƉŚĂƐĞͲ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌ
&ŝŐϭϯ
WƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞͲ^ŝĚĞ>ŝŌ
?@
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZͲ&ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ
&ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ
dŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞĨŽŽƚƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƚŽĂƟƌĞŚĂƐƐŽŵĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐ/ŶƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WE
WZƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽĂƉƉĂƌĞŶƚďŝŽŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŐŽĂůďĂƐŝƐǁŝůů
ďĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨŽŽƚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐDƵĐŚŽĨƚŚĞŶŽŶͲƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƐƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶ
ĐŽŵƉĞƟƚŽƌƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĞĨĞĞƚďĞƉůĂĐĞĚďĂĐŬĂǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐůŽƐĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞƟƌĞdŚĞůŝŌĞƌŝƐŝŶE
ƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚƚŽĚƌŝǀĞŶŽƚƵƉĂƐŝŶƚŚĞĚĞĂĚůŝŌďƵƚƵƉĂŶĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƟƌĞƚŽŵĂdžŝŵŝnjĞƚŚĞůŝŌŝŶŐƚŽƌƋƵĞ
ĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƟƌĞ
dŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞtĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůƐƉĞĐŝĮĞƐƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůŵŽǀĞE
ŵĞŶƚďĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĂďĂƌďĞůůĚĞĂĚůŝŌĂŶĚƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞƚŽĞƐŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƚŽďĞŶĞĂƌƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨƌŽŶE
ƚĂůƉůĂŶĞĂƐƚŚĞŚĂŶĚƐŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ;tĂůůĞƌĞƚĂůϮϬϬϯͿŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚŝƐ,ĞĚƌŝĐŬƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐ
ƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŶŽƚĂůůŽǁƚŚĞŬŶĞĞƐƚŽĚƌŝŌĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŽĨƚŚĞƚŽĞƐ;,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬϮϬϬϴͿ<ĞŽŐŚĞƚĂůĚŝĚŶŽƚ
ƐƉĞĐŝĨLJƚŚĞĨŽŽƚůŽĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƐƚƵĚLJďƵƚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉŝĐƚŽƌŝĂůƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌ
ƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐƚŽĞƐĂƌĞĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƟƌĞĂŶĚůŝŌĞƌƐŚĂŶĚƐ;<ĞŽŐŚĞƚĂůϮϬϭϬͿ
dŚĞƌĞĂƉƉĞĂƌƐƚŽďĞĂĚŝƐĐƌĞƉĂŶĐLJďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐǁŽƌůĚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚŽĨƚŚĞ
^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶǁŽƌůĚdŚŝƐŵĂLJďĞĞdžƉůĂŝŶĞĚďLJĞdžĂŵŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞďŝŽŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞŐŽĂůƐŽĨĞĂĐŚůŝŌĞƌƐŝĚĞǀŝĞǁŽĨĂůŝŌĞƌŽŶĂƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞĚd^ͲϬϯ&>/WWZŝƐƐŚŽǁŶ
ŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϰ
dŚĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐďĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĨŽŽƚŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐE
ǀĞƌƐĞĂdžŝƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌŝƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƌdŚĞŵŽĚĞůŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŝƐƚŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ
ŚĞŝŐŚƚŵĞƌŝĐĂŶŵĂůĞǁŚŝĐŚŝƐϭϳϱϱŵŵ;ϲϵϭŝŶĐŚĞƐͿdŚĞŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞĂƚƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶE
ŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůŝƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽďĞϵϭйŽĨƚŚĞŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞŬŶĞĞŽŶĂĨƵůůLJĞdžƚĞŶĚĞĚůĞŐ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ&ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ
+
 
A
B
&ŝŐϭϰ
?A
dŚŝƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƐƚŽϮϲйŽĨƚŚĞŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌŽƌŝŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞϰϱϲŵŵ;ϭϴϬŝŶĐŚĞƐͿdŚŝƐƉŽƐŝE
ƟŽŶŝƐƐŚŽǁŶĂƐŝƚŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŽďĞƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůƉŚĂƐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞŚŝŐŚE
ĞƐƚƉŽǁĞƌŽƵƚƉƵƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂůƉŚĂƐĞŝŶĐŽŵƉůĞƟŶŐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŇŝƉ/Ĩ
ƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůLJŝĞůĚƐĂŚŝŐŚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƵƐŚƉŚĂƐĞƐǁŝůůďĞ
possible.
#
&ŽƌĐĞƐƉƉůŝĞĚ
ĨƌĞĞďŽĚLJĚŝĂŐƌĂŵŽĨƚŚĞŝŵĂŐĞŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϰŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϱďĞůŽǁdŚĞůŝŶĞŽĨĂĐE
ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨŽŽƚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ;ͿƚŽƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌ;ͿŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŚŽƵƐĞŽĨŚŝƉŬŶĞĞĂŶĚ
ĂŶŬůĞĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƚŽƌĂƉŝĚůLJĚƌŝǀĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZƵƉdŚŝƐĨŽƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞďŽĚLJŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚďLJĨŽƌĐĞ
vector#!KdŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞďŽĚLJƚŽƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐŵĂĚĞďLJƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌƐŚĂŶĚƐŽŶƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐ
dŚŝƐƚĞŶƐŝůĞĨŽƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƌŵŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚďLJĨŽƌĐĞǀĞĐƚŽƌ!4dŚŝƐǀĞĐƚŽƌ;!4ͿŝƐŵĂĚĞƵƉŽĨƚǁŽ
ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚǀĞĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚƉĂĚ;!LͿĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŽƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞ;!&ͿǁŚŝĐŚĚƌŝǀĞƐ
ƚŚĞŵŽƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZƵƉKƉƟŵĂůůLJƚŚĞƌŽƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞ!&ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌĨŽƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞďŽĚLJ!K#
ǁŝůůďĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůĂƐƚŚŝƐŝƐϵϬĚĞŐƌĞĞƐƚŽƚŚĞůŝŶĞŽĨĂĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƚŽƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ
ŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ;ƉŝǀŽƚƉŽŝŶƚͿŶLJĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůĨŽƌĐĞƐĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽ&>/WWZ
ǁŝůůĂĐƚƚŽƚƌLJƚŽĚƌĂŐŝƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚdŚĞƐĞĨŽƌĐĞƐǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƚŽƌƋƵĞŽĨ
ƌŽƚĂƟŶŐƚŚĞ&>/WWZƵƉ
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ&ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ
+
 
A
B
F
F
F
F
B
C
R
T
Fig#15
?C
?E
tŝƚŚƚŚŝƐǁĞƐĞĞĂƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůŽƉƟŵĂůƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĨŽŽƚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞ&>/WWZ
dŚĞƐŵĂůůĨŽƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚŽŶƚŚĞƉĂĚ;!LͿŝƐƵƐĞĚƚŽƐƚĂďŝůŝnjĞƚŚĞďŽĚLJĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞ&>/WWZĂƐƚŚĞ
ĂƌŵƐĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚŝŶůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďŽĚLJĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ&>/WWZ/ŶĐŽŵE
ƉĂƌŝƐŽŶĂƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůŝŶĂŶKůLJŵƉŝĐƐƚLJůĞůŝŌƚŚĞŽƉƟŵĂůĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞǀĞĐƚŽƌĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞ
ďĂƌŝƐĂůǁĂLJƐǀĞƌƟĐĂůĂƐƚŚĞďĂƌŝƐĚĞƐŝƌĞĚƚŽďĞůŝŌĞĚƵƉĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŐƌĂǀŝƚLJ/ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƚŚĞ&>/WWZ
ŝƐƌŽƚĂƚĞĚĂďŽƵƚĂƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚdŽŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨƚŽƌƋƵĞ
ƚŽƌŽƚĂƚĞƚŚĞ&>/WWZƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞǀĞĐƚŽƌ;!&ͿŝƐŽƉƟŵĂůůLJϵϬĚĞŐƌĞĞƐƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞůŝŶĞŽĨĂĐƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ;ŚĂŶĚůĞͿƚŽƚŚĞĂdžŝƐŽĨƌŽƚĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ;ƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚͿ
dŚŝƐĨŽƌĐĞ;!&ͿŵƵůƟƉůŝĞĚďLJƚŚĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚĂĐƚŝƐƚŚĞƚŽƌƋƵĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚďLJƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌ
ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐƌŽƚĂƟŶŐ;ůŝŌŝŶŐͿĂƚĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚǀĞůŽĐŝƚLJ
&ŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐŽĨŽƵƌŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐǁĞǁŝůůƵƐĞƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƚŽƚŚĞĨŽŽƚ;!KͿĂƐ
ƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶǀĞĐƚŽƌ/ƚŝƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ&>/WWZŝƐƚŚĞĂĐƚƵĂůĨŽƌĐĞ
ǀĞĐƚŽƌ;!&ͿƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞƚŽƌƋƵĞƚŽůŝŌƚŚĞ&>/WWZKƉƟŵĂůůLJƚŚĞƐĞǀĞĐƚŽƌƐĂƌĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůĚƵĞ
ƚŽĂĨŽƌĐĞƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚƉĂĚ;!LͿdŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞďŽĚLJƐĨŽƌĐĞ;!KͿǁŝůůďĞƵƐĞĚƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝnjĞ
ƚŚĞĚƌŝǀŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞůŝŌŝŶŐƚŽƌƋƵĞƚŽƌŽƚĂƚĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞůŝŌƚŚĞ&>/WWZ
M9-'7901',/',2>
dŚĞĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƟƌĞďĞŝŶŐůŝŌĞĚŵĂŬĞƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞůŝŌŝŶŐƚŽƌƋƵĞdŚŝƐŝƐĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĞǀĂůƵE
ĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ^ŝnjĞDĂƩĞƌƐƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐŵĂŶƵĂůZĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĨŽŽƚƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŝƚĂůƐŽŵĂƩĞƌƐdŚŝƐ
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƌĞŝƚĞƌĂƚĞƐƚŚĞĚĞƐŝƌĞĨŽƌƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŝŶ^ƚƌŽŶŐŵĂŶŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌďŽƚŚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚƚĞƐƟŶŐ
&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϲƐŚŽǁƐĂƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞĚd^ͲϬϯŝŶĂďŽƩŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨĞĞƚƵŶŵŽǀĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌĞƟE
ĐĂůůLJŽƉƟŵĂůƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůĂƐǁĂƐƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϰ,ĞƌĞƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚƐŽĨ
ƚŚĞĨĞĞƚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŌĞƌĂƌĞϰϬŝŶĐŚĞƐďĂĐŬĨƌŽŵƚŚĞďĂĐŬŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚƉĂĚƐ/ĨĂŚŝŐŚƉŽǁĞƌĞdžƉůŽƐŝǀĞ
ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝƐĚĞƐŝƌĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĞĞƚĂƌĞŶŽƚŵŽǀĞĚĨƌŽŵĮƌƐƚƉƵůůƚŽƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůůĂƐƚŚĞƌĞǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚ
ďĞƟŵĞƚŽĚŽƐŽŝŶĂƌĂƉŝĚĞdžƉůŽƐŝǀĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚďĞƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůůLJŽƉƟŵĂůƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ
ƚŽŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚƚŽƌƋƵĞĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƵůů
hƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ůŝƉƉĞƌͲ&ŽŽƚWůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ

 


&ŝŐϭϲ

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