Fujitsu MHA2021AT User manual

C141-E042-01EN
MHA2021AT, MHA2032AT
DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT MANUAL

C141-E042-01EN
FOR SAFE OPERATION
Handling of This Manual
This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using
the product. Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the
section “Important Alert Items” in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully.
FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering
damage to their property. Use the product according to this manual.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERS
READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT.
INCORRECT USE OF THE PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DAMAGE TO
USERS, BYSTANDERS OR PROPERTY.
While FUJITSU has sought to ensure the accuracy of all information in this manual, FUJITSU
assumes no liability to any party for any damage caused by any error or omission contained in this
manual, its updates or supplements, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence,
accident, or any other cause. In addition, FUJITSU assumes no liability with respect to the
application or use of any product or system in accordance with the descriptions or instructions
contained herein; including any liability for incidental or consequential damages arising therefrom.
FUJITSU DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY.
FUJITSU reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein without further
notice and without obligation.
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without
the express written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 1997

C141-E042-01EN
Revision History
(1/1)
Edition Date Revised section (*1)
(Added/Deleted/Altered) Details
01 1997-07-15 — —
*1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted.

C141-E042-01EN i
Preface
This manual describes the MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT, 2.5-inch hard disk
drives. These drives have a built-in controller that is compatible with the ATA
interface.
This manual describes the specifications and functions of the drives and explains
in detail how to incorporate the drives into user systems. This manual assumes
that the reader has a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their implementations
in computer systems.
This manual consists of seven chapters and sections explaining the special
terminology and abbreviations used in this manual:
Overview of Manual
CHAPTER 1 Drive Overview
This chapter gives an overview of the MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT and
describes their features.
CHAPTER 2 Drive Configuration
This chapter describes the internal configurations of the MHA2021AT and
MHA2032AT and the configuration of the systems in which they operate.
CHAPTER 3 Drive Installation
This chapter describes the external dimensions, installation conditions, and switch
settings of the MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT.
CHAPTER 4 Theory of Drive Operation
This chapter describes the operation theory of the MHA2021AT and
MHA2032AT.
CHAPTER 5 Interface Specifications
This chapter describes the interface specifications of the MHA2021AT and
MHA2032AT.
CHAPTER 6 Interface Operations
This chapter describes the operations of the MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT.
CHAPTER 7 Miscellaneous
This chapter describes how to reformat the MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT.
Terminology
This section explains the special terminology used in this manual.

Preface
ii C141-E042-01EN
Abbreviation
This section gives the meanings of the definitions used in this manual.
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert
message consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists
of an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazarous situation could result in
minor or moderate personal injury if the user does
not perform the procedure correctly. This alert
signal also indicates that damages to the product or
other property, may occur if the user does not
perform the procedure correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user
use the product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A
wider line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert
message begins and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong
magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive is
not affected by external magnetic fields.
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
Operating Environment
This product is designed to be used in offices or computer rooms.
For details regarding the operating environment of use, refer to the
(Cnnn-Xnnn) and the
(Cnnn-Xnnn).
Attention
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.

Preface
C141-E042-01EN iii
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are
needed. Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this
manual and forward it to the address described in the sheet.
Liability Exception
“Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or
replacement.
Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user
misoperation or mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the
power supply or cable, problems of the host system, or other causes outside the
disk drive.

C141-E042-01EN v
Important Alert Items
Important Alert Messages
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal
injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also,
damage to the predate or other property, may occur if the user does
not perform the procedure correctly.
Task Alert message Page
Normal Operation Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk near strong
magnetic soures such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk
drive is not affected by extrnal magnetic fields.
3-6

C141-E042-01EN vii
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Device Overview .......................................................................1-1
1.1 Features 1-2
1.1.1 Functions and performance 1-2
1.1.2 Adaptability 1-2
1.1.3 Interface 1-2
1.2 Device Specifications 1-4
1.2.1 Specifications summary 1-4
1.2.2 Model and product number 1-5
1.3 Power Requirements 1-5
1.4 Environmental Specifications 1-7
1.5 Acoustic Noise 1-7
1.6 Shock and Vibration 1-8
1.7 Reliability 1-8
1.8 Error Rate 1-9
1.9 Media Defects 1-9
CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration................................................................2-1
2.1 Device Configuration 2-2
2.2 System Configuration 2-4
2.2.1 ATA interface 2-4
2.2.2 1 drive connection 2-4
2.2.3 2 drives connection 2-5

Contents
viii C141-E042-01EN
CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions..............................................................3-1
3.1 Dimensions 3-2
3.2 Mounting 3-3
3.3 Cable Connections 3-7
3.3.1 Device connector 3-7
3.3.2 Cable connector specifications 3-8
3.3.3 Device connection 3-8
3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) 3-9
3.4 Jumper Settings 3-9
3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers 3-9
3.4.2 Factory default setting 3-10
3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting 3-10
3.4.4 CSEL setting 3-11
CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation......................................................4-1
4.1 Outline 4-2
4.2 Subassemblies 4-2
4.2.1 Disk 4-2
4.2.2 Head 4-2
4.2.3 Spindle 4-3
4.2.4 Actuator 4-3
4.2.5 Air filter 4-3
4.3 Circuit Configuration 4-4
4.4 Power-on Sequence 4-6
4.5 Self-calibration 4-7
4.5.1 Self-calibration contents 4-7
4.5.2 Execution timing of self-calibration 4-8
4.5.3 Command processing during self-calibration 4-9
4.6 Read/write Circuit 4-9
4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) 4-9
4.6.2 Write circuit 4-10

Contents
C141-E042-01EN ix
4.6.3 Read circuit 4-12
4.6.4 Time base generator circuit 4-13
4.7 Servo Control 4-14
4.7.1 Servo control circuit 4-14
4.7.2 Data-surface servo format 4-18
4.7.3 Servo frame format 4-18
4.7.4 Actuator motor control 4-19
4.7.5 Spindle motor control 4-20
CHAPTER 5 Interface..................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Physical Interface 5-2
5.1.1 Interface signals 5-2
5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector 5-2
5.2 Logical Interface 5-6
5.2.1 I/O registers 5-6
5.2.2 Command block registers 5-8
5.2.3 Control block registers 5-13
5.3 Host Commands 5-13
5.3.1 Command code and parameters 5-14
5.3.2 Command descriptions 5-16
5.3.3 Error posting 5-67
5.4 Command Protocol 5-69
5.4.1 Data transferring commands from device to host 5-69
5.4.2 Data transferring commands from host to device 5-71
5.4.3 Commands without data transfer 5-73
5.4.4 Other commands 5-74
5.4.5 DMA data transfer commands 5-74
5.5 Timing 5-76
5.5.1 PIO data transfer 5-76
5.5.2 Single word DMA data transfer 5-78
5.5.3 Multiword DMA data transfer 5-79
5.5.4 Power-on and reset 5-79

Contents
xC141-E042-01EN
CHAPTER 6 Operations..................................................................................6-1
6.1 Device Response to the Reset 6-2
6.1.1 Response to power-on 6-2
6.1.2 Response to hardware reset 6-4
6.1.3 Response to software reset 6-5
6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command 6-6
6.2 Address Translation 6-7
6.2.1 Default parameters 6-7
6.2.2 Logical address 6-8
6.3 Power Save 6-9
6.3.1 Power save mode 6-9
6.3.2 Power commands 6-11
6.4 Defect Management 6-11
6.4.1 Spare area 6-12
6.4.2 Alternating defective sectors 6-12
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache 6-14
6.5.1 Data buffer configuration 6-14
6.5.2 Caching operation 6-14
6.5.3 Usage of read segment 6-16
6.6 Write Cache 6-22
Glossary ..................................................................................................GL-1
Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................ AB-1
Index ...................................................................................................IN-1

Contents
C141-E042-01EN xi
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on 1-6
Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview 2-2
Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads 2-3
Figure 2.3 1 drive system configuration 2-4
Figure 2.4 2 drives configuration 2-5
Figure 3.1 Dimensions 3-2
Figure 3.2 Orientation 3-3
Figure 3.3 Mounting frame structure 3-4
Figure 3.4 Surface temperature measurement points 3-5
Figure 3.5 Service area 3-6
Figure 3.6 Connector locations 3-7
Figure 3.7 Cable connections 3-8
Figure 3.8 Power supply connector pins (CN1) 3-9
Figure 3.9 Jumper location 3-9
Figure 3.10 Factory default setting 3-10
Figure 3.11 Jumper setting of master or slave device 3-10
Figure 3.12 CSEL setting 3-11
Figure 3.13 Example (1) of Cable Select 3-11
Figure 3.14 Example (2) of Cable Select 3-12
Figure 4.1 Head structure 4-3
Figure 4.2 Circuit Configuration 4-5
Figure 4.3 Power-on operation sequence 4-7
Figure 4.4 Read/write circuit block diagram 4-11
Figure 4.5 Frequency characteristic of programmable filter 4-12
Figure 4.6 Block diagram of servo control circuit 4-14
Figure 4.7 Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface 4-16
Figure 4.8 Servo frame format 4-18
Figure 5.1 Interface signals 5-2
Figure 5.2 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command 5-20
Figure 5.3 Read Sector(s) command protocol 5-70
Figure 5.4 Protocol for command abort 5-71
Figure 5.5 WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol 5-72

Contents
xii C141-E042-01EN
Figure 5.6 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer 5-73
Figure 5.7 Normal DMA data transfer 5-75
Figure 5.8 Data transfer timing 5-77
Figure 5.9 Single word DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) 5-78
Figure 5.10 Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) 5-79
Figure 5.11 Power on Reset Timing 5-80
Figure 6.1 Response to power-on 6-3
Figure 6.2 Response to hardware reset 6-4
Figure 6.3 Response to software reset 6-5
Figure 6.4 Response to diagnostic command 6-6
Figure 6.5 Address translation (example in CHS mode) 6-8
Figure 6.6 Address translation (example in LBA mode) 6-9
Figure 6.7 Sector slip processing 6-12
Figure 6.8 Alternate cylinder assignment 6-13
Figure 6.9 Data buffer configuration 6-14
Tables
Table 1.1 Specifications 1-4
Table 1.2 Model names and product numbers 1-5
Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation 1-6
Table 1.4 Environmental specifications 1-7
Table 1.5 Acoustic noise specification 1-7
Table 1.6 Shock and vibration specification 1-8
Table 3.1 Surface temperature measurement points and standard values 3-5
Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications 3-8
Table 4.1 Self-calibration execution timechart 4-9
Table 4.2 Write precompensation algorithm 4-10
Table 4.3 Write clock freqeuncy and recording density (BPI) of each zone
4-13
Table 5.1 Signal assignment on the interface connector 5-3
Table 5.2 I/O registers 5-7
Table 5.3 Command code and parameters 5-14
Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command 5-32
Table 5.5 Features register values and settable modes 5-38
Table 5.6 Diagnostic code 5-43
Table 5.7 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions 5-54
Table 5.8 Format of device attribute value data 5-56
Table 5.9 Format of insurance failure threshold value data 5-57

Contents
C141-E042-01EN xiii
Table 5.10 Contents of security password 5-59
Table 5.11 Contents of SECURITY SET PASSWORD data 5-64
Table 5.12 Relationship between combination of Identifier and Security level,
and operation of the lock function 5-65
Table 5.13 Command code and parameters 5-67
Table 6.1 Default parameters 6-7

C141-E042-01EN 1-1
CHAPTER 1 Device Overview
1.1 Features
1.2 Device Specifications
1.3 Power Requirements
1.4 Environment Specifications
1.5 Acoustic Noise
1.6 Shock and Vibration
1.7 Reliability
1.8 Error Rate
1.9 Media Defects
Overview and features are described in this chapter, and specifications and power
requirement are described.
The MHA2021AT and MHA2032AT are 2.5-inch hard disk drives with built-in
disk controllers. These disk drives use the AT-bus hard disk interface protocol
and are compact and reliable.

Device Overview
1-2 C141-E042-01EN
1.1 Features
1.1.1 Functions and performance
(1) Compact
The disk has 1 or 2 disks of 65 mm (2.5 inches) diameter, and its height is 12.5
mm (0.492 inch).
(2) Large capacity
The disk drive can record up to 1,083 MB (formatted) on one disk using the (8/9)
PRML recording method and 13 recording zone technology. The MHA2021AT
and MHA2032AT have a formatted capacity of 2,167 MB and 3,251 MB
respectively.
(3) High-speed Transfer rate
The disk drive has an internal data rate up to 8.92 MB/s. The disk drive supports
an external data rate up to 16.6 MB/s.
(4) Average positioning time
Use of a rotary voice coil motor in the head positioning mechanism greatly
increases the positioning speed. The average positioning time is 13 ms (at read).
1.1.2 Adaptability
(1) Power save mode
The power save mode feature for idle operation, stand by and sleep modes makes
the disk drive ideal for applications where power consumption is a factor.
(2) Wide temperature range
The disk drive can be used over a wide temperature range (5°C to 55°C).
(3) Low noise and vibration
In Ready status, the noise of the disk drive is only about 30 dBA (measured at 1 m
apart from the drive under the idle mode).
1.1.3 Interface
(1) Connection to interface
With the built-in ATA interface controller, the disk drive can be connected to an
ATA interface of a personal computer.

1.1 Features
C141-E042-01EN 1-3
(2) 128-KB data buffer
The disk drive uses a 128-KB data buffer to transfer data between the host and the
disk media.
In combination with the read-ahead cache system described in item (3) and the
write cache described in item (7), the buffer contributes to efficient I/O
processing.
(3) Read-ahead cache system
After the execution of a disk read command, the disk drive automatically reads
the subsequent data block and writes it to the data buffer (read ahead operation).
This cache system enables fast data access. The next disk read command would
normally cause another disk access. But, if the read ahead data corresponds to the
data requested by the next read command, the data in the buffer can be transferred
instead.
(4) Master/slave
The disk drive can be connected to ATA interface as daisy chain configuration.
Drive 0 is a master device, drive 1 is a slave device.
(5) Error correction and retry by ECC
If a recoverable error occurs, the disk drive itself attempts error recovery. The
ECC has improved buffer error correction for correctable data errors.
(6) Self-diagnosis
The disk drive has a diagnostic function to check operation of the controller and
disk drive. Executing the diagnostic command invokes self-diagnosis.
(7) Write cache
When the disk drive receives a write command, the disk drive posts the command
completion at completion of transferring data to the data buffer completion of
writing to the disk media. This feature reduces the access time at writing.

Device Overview
1-4 C141-E042-01EN
1.2 Device Specifications
1.2.1 Specifications summary
Table 1.1 shows the specfications of the disk drive.
Table 1.1 Specifications
MHA2021AT MHA2032AT
Format Capacity (*1) 2.16 GB 3.25 GB
Number of Heads 4 6
Number of Cylinders (User) 6,372
Bytes per Sector 512
Recording Method (8/9) PRML
Track Density 10,555 TPI
Bit Density 157,422 BPI
Rotational Speed 4,000 rpm ± 1%
Average Latency 7.5 ms
Positioning time (read and seek)
• Minimum (Track to Track)
• Average
• Maximum (Full)
2.5 ms (typ.)
Read: 13 ms (typ.)
23 ms (typ.)
Start/Stop time
• Start (0 rpm to Drive Read)
• Stop (at Power Down)
Typ.: 5 sec, Max.: 10 sec
Typ.: 5 sec, Max.: 15 sec
(when the command is stopped) (when the power is off)
Interface ATA-3 (Max. Cable length: 0.46 m)
Data Transfer Rate
• To/From Media
• To/From Host
4.93 to 8.92 MB/s
16.6 MB/s Max.
(burst PIO mode 4, burst DMA mode 2)
Data Buffer Size 128 KB
Physical Dimensions
(Height × Width × Depth) 12.5 mm ×100.0 mm ×70.0 mm
(0.49" ×3.94" ×2.75")
Weight 145 g

1.3 Power Requirements
C141-E042-01EN 1-5
*1: Capacity under the LBA mode.
Under the CHS mode (normal BIOS specification), formatted capacity,
number of cylinders, number of heads, and number of sectors are as
follows.
Model Formatted Capacity No. of Cylinder No. of Heads No. of Sectors
MHA2021AT 2,167.60 MB 4,200 16 63
MHA2032AT 3,251.40 MB 6,300 16 63
1.2.2 Model and product number
Table 1.2 lists the model names and product numbers.
Table 1.2 Model names and product numbers
Model Name Capacity
(user area) Mounting screw Order No.
MHA2021AT 2.16 GB M3, depth 3 CA01640-B040
MHA2032AT 3.25 GB M3, depth 3 CA01640-B060
1.3 Power Requirements
(1) Input Voltage
• + 5 V ± 5 %
(2) Ripple
+5 V
Maximum 100 mV (peak to peak)
Frequency DC to 1 MHz

Device Overview
1-6 C141-E042-01EN
(3) Current Requirements and Power Dissipation
Table 1.3 lists the current and power dissipation.
Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation
Typical RMS Current Typical Power (*2)
Spin up (*1) 1.0 A Watts 5.0 W
Idle 0.236 A T.B.D T.B.D 1.18 W
R/W (*3) 0.5 A T.B.D T.B.D 2.5 W
Standby 0.076 A T.B.D T.B.D 0.38 W
Sleep 0.03 AT.B.D T.B.D 0.15 W
*1 Current at starting spindle motor.
*2 Power requirements reflect nominal values for +5V power.
*3 At 30% disk accessing.
(4) Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on
Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on
(5) Power on/off sequence
The voltage detector circuit monitors +5 V. The circuit does not allow a write
signal if either voltage is abnormal. This prevents data from being destroyed and
eliminates the need to be concerned with the power on/off sequence.