Garmin GNS 400W User manual

Pilot’s Guide
& Reference
400W Series

Foreword
Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K.
Tel. [phone] Fax [phone]
Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Web Site Address: www.garmin.com
This manual reflects the operation of Main System Software versions 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, or later. Some differences in
operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions.
© 2010 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this
manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium,
for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to down-
load a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage
medium to be viewed for personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision
must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial
distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve
their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or
organization of such changes or improvements.
April 2010 190-00356-00 Rev. G
Foreword

INTRODUCTION
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190-00356-00 Rev G
WARNING: The altitude calculated by the 400W-series
is geometric height above mean sea level and could
vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure
altimeters in aircraft.
WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in
the 400W-series must be updated regularly in order
to ensure that its information is current. Updates are
released every 28 days. A database information packet
is included in your 400W-series package. Pilots using
an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own
risk!
WARNING: VNAV is to be used for advisory purposes
only. VNAV messages or vertical speed required should
not be used to maintain terrain or ATC clearances. Ter-
rain and ATC clearances are the sole responsibility of
the pilot.
WARNING: Do not use GPS to navigate to any active
waypoint identified as a “NON WGS84 WPT” by a
system message. “NON WGS84 WPT” waypoints are
derived from an unknown map reference datum that
may be incompatible with the map reference datum
used by GPS (known as WGS84) and may be positioned
in error as displayed.
CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated
by the United States government, which is solely re-
sponsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system
is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy
and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the
Garmin 400W-series are precision electronic NAViga-
tion AIDs (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.
CAUTION: Use the 400W-series at your own risk. To
reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review
and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and
the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice
basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use,
carefully compare indications from the
400W-series to
all available navigation sources, including the informa-
tion from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For
safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continu-
ing navigation.
CAUTION: The electronic chart is an aid to naviga-
tion and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized
government charts, not replace them. Land and water
data is provided only as a general reference to your
surroundings. The positional accuracy of the land and
water data is not of a precision suitable for use in
navigation and it should not be used for navigation.
Only official government charts and notices contain
all information needed for safe navigation – and, as
always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.
CAUTION: The Terrain feature is for supplemental
awareness only. The pilot/crew is responsible for all
terrain and obstacle avoidance using information not
provided by the 400W-series Terrain feature.
CAUTION: The Garmin 400W-series does not contain
any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only
be made by an authorized Garmin service center.
Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your
warranty and authority to operate this device under
FCC Part 15 regulations.
CAUTION: GPS receivers operate by receiving and
decoding very low power radio signals broadcast by
satellites. It is possible that in some situations other
radio equipment or electronic equipment used in close
proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromagnetic
interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the
GPS receiver to receive and decode the satellite signals.
In such event, the interference may be reduced or
eliminated by switching off the source of interference
or moving the GPS receiver away from it.
NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different
database than in the legacy units. The databases are in-
compatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units
must use a WAAS enabled database.
NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components
contain chemicals known to the State of California to
cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This
notice is being provided in accordance with California’s
Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like
additional information, please refer to our website at
www.garmin.com/prop65.
Cautions
Introduction
Cautions

INTRODUCTION
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190-00356-00 Rev G
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for
Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the
equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit
than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or
other qualified avionics technician for additional help if these
remedies do not correct the problem.
Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
To obtain accessories for your 400W-series, please contact
your Garmin dealer.
Help us better support you by completing our on-line registra-
tion form today! Registration ensures that you will be notified
of product updates and new products and provides lost or sto-
len unit tracking. Please, have the serial number of your unit
handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for
our Product Registration link on the home page.
The 400W-series display lenses are coated with a special anti-
reflective coating which is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes
and abrasive cleaners. It is very important to clean the lens
using an eyeglass lens cleaner which is specified as safe for
anti-reflective coatings and a clean, lint-free cloth.
Cautions
Garmin is fully committed to your
satisfaction as a customer. If you
have any questions regarding the
400W-series, please contact our
customer service department at:
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street
Olathe, KS 66062-3426 U.S.A.
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
AC 90-100 Statement of Compliance: The Garmin 400W
navigational unit meets the performance and functional
requirements of AC 90-100A.
NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial missed
approach guidance in accordance with published pro-
cedure. The unit may not provide correct guidance until
established on a defined leg.
NOTE: GPS level of service annunciations (LPV, ENR,
etc.) are not applicable to the external CDI (or HSI)
when VLOC is active.

INTRODUCTION
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190-00356-00 Rev G
Accessories and Packing List
Congratulations on choosing the world’s finest
panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system!
The 400W-series represents Garmin’s continued com-
mitment to providing you with the most advanced
technology available today — in an accurate, easy-to-
use design suitable for all of your flying needs.
Unless otherwise specified within this manual,
the term " 400W-series " applies to the GPS 400W,
GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, and GNS
430AW models. Please note that the difference
between these models is indicated in the Specifi-
cations section of this manual (see Appendix B).
Before installing and getting started with your new
system, please ensure that your package includes the
following items. If any parts are missing or are dam-
aged, please contact your Garmin dealer.
Standard Package:
• Garmin400W-seriesUnit
• NavData®Card
• TerrainCard
• GPSAntenna
• InstallationRack&Connectors
• Pilot’sGuide
• QuickReference
• 400W/500WSeriesDisplayInterfaces
Addendum
• 400W/500WSeriesGarminOptionalDisplay
Interfaces Addendum
• GNS400W/500W-series Simulator Training
 CD-ROM
• Database Subscription Packet
• WarrantyRegistrationCard
Upgrade Package:
• Garmin400W-seriesUnit
• NavData®Card
• TerrainCard(optional)
• GPSAntenna
• Pilot’sGuide&Reference
• QuickReference
• 400W/500WSeriesDisplayInterfaces
Addendum
• 400W/500WSeriesGarminOptionalDisplay
Interfaces Addendum
• GNS400W/500W-series Simulator Training
 CD-ROM
• DatabaseSubscriptionPacket
• WarrantyRegistrationCard
Your Garmin dealer will perform the installation
and configuration of your new 400W-series unit. After
installation,theNavData®card will already be installed
into the correct slot on the front of the unit (see
Appendix A). The 400W-series will be secured in the
installation rack with the proper wiring connections.
Have your dealer answer any questions you may have
about the installation — such as location of antennas
or any connections to other equipment in the panel.
Accessories and Packing List

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190-00356-00 Rev G
Limited Warranty
This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the
date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in
normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided
that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to
abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alterations or repairs.
THEWARRANTIESANDREMEDIESCONTAINEDHEREINAREEXCLUSIVEANDINLIEUOFALL
OTHERWARRANTIESEXPRESSORIMPLIEDORSTATUTORY,INCLUDINGANYLIABILITYARISINGUNDER
ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE.THISWARRANTYGIVESYOUSPECIFICLEGALRIGHTS,WHICHMAYVARYFROMSTATETO
STATE.
INNOEVENTSHALLGARMINBELIABLEFORANYINCIDENTAL,SPECIAL,INDIRECTORCONSE-
QUENTIALDAMAGES,WHETHERRESULTINGFROMTHEUSE,MISUSE,ORINABILITYTOUSETHIS
PRODUCTORFROMDEFECTSINTHEPRODUCT.Somestatesdonotallowtheexclusionofincidentalor
consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the pur-
chaseprice,atitssolediscretion.SUCHREMEDYSHALLBEYOURSOLEANDEXCLUSIVEREMEDYFORANY
BREACH OF WARRANTY.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating
a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at “http://www.garmin.com” or contact Garmin Customer
Service at 800-800-1020.
Warranty

INTRODUCTION
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Table of Contents
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................i
Cautions..............................................................................................i
Accessories and Packing List..........................................................iii
Limited Warranty ............................................................................. iv
Model Descriptions ..........................................................................1
GPS 400W................................................................................1
GNC 420W/420AW ..................................................................1
GNS 430W/430AW...................................................................1
Takeoff Tour................................................................................................1
Key and Knob Functions ..................................................................2
Left-hand Keys and Knobs.........................................................2
Right-hand Keys and Knobs.......................................................3
Bottom Row Keys......................................................................4
Power On ...........................................................................................5
Powering up the 400W-Series Unit.................................................5
Instrument Panel Self-Test...............................................................6
Fuel On Board and Checklists .........................................................7
Acquiring Satellites/Messages........................................................8
Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies ...........................................9
Page Groups ....................................................................................10
Nav Pages ........................................................................................12
Default Nav Page ............................................................................13
Map Page .........................................................................................14
NavCom Page ..................................................................................15
Direct-To Navigation ......................................................................16
IFR Procedures ................................................................................17
Nearest (NRST) Pages.....................................................................18
Nearest Airport .......................................................................19
Nearest Airspace Page ...................................................................20
Flight Plans......................................................................................21
Section 1 - COM - Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and
GNS 430W/AW ...........................................................................................23
Volume .............................................................................................23
Squelch.............................................................................................23
COM Window and Tuning...............................................................24
Auto-Tuning.....................................................................................25
Emergency Channel........................................................................27
Stuck Microphone...........................................................................27
Remote Frequency Selection Control...........................................28
Section 2 NAV Pages..............................................................................29
Main Page Groups ..........................................................................29
NAV Page Group .............................................................................29
Default NAV Page ...........................................................................30
Selecting Desired On-Screen Data............................................31
Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................32
Dual Unit Considerations ........................................................32
Map Page .........................................................................................32
Map Symbols..........................................................................33
Map Range.............................................................................33
Map Page Auto Zoom .............................................................34
Map Panning ..........................................................................35
Map Direct-To.........................................................................36
Airspace Information on the Map............................................36
Map Page Options ..........................................................................37
Map Setup..............................................................................37
Data Fields on the Map...........................................................40
Selecting Desired On-Screen Data............................................40
Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................41
Terrain Operation............................................................................41
Operating Criteria ...................................................................41
Terrain Limitations ..................................................................41
TERRAIN Alerting....................................................................42
Baro-Corrected Altitude ..........................................................42
Terrain Page ...........................................................................42
Inhibit Mode...........................................................................43
Terrain Symbols.......................................................................44
General Database Information.................................................45
Database Versions...................................................................45
Database Updates ..................................................................45
Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ..........................46
Navigation Database ..............................................................46
TERRAIN Alerts................................................................................46
Pop-up Alerts..........................................................................46
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance .........................................47
Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) ...........................................48
TERRAIN Failure Alert..............................................................48
“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert................................................49
NAVCOM Page.................................................................................51
Position Page...................................................................................52
Restoring Factory Settings ............................................................54
Satellite Status Page ......................................................................55
Vertical Navigation Page ...............................................................56
Dead Reckoning..............................................................................59
Section 3 Direct-To Navigation ...........................................................61
Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint by Facility Name or City ..........62
Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Active Flight Plan .....63
Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Waypoint .............63
Shortcuts..........................................................................................64
Cancelling Direct-To Navigation ...................................................65
Specifying a Course to a Waypoint...............................................65
Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern..........................................66
Section 4 Flight Plans .............................................................................67
Flight Plan Catalog.........................................................................67
Flight Plan Catalog Editing............................................................67
Flight Plan Catalog Options ..........................................................68

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Activating Flight Plans.............................................................68
Inverting Flight Plans ..............................................................69
Create a new flight plan..........................................................69
Crossfill ..................................................................................70
Copying Flight Plans ...............................................................70
Deleting Flight Plans ...............................................................70
Deleting All Flight Plans ..........................................................71
Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? ..........................71
Active Flight Plan Page ..................................................................72
Active Flight Plan Options.............................................................72
Activate Leg............................................................................72
Crossfill ..................................................................................73
Copy Flight Plan......................................................................73
Invert Flight Plan.....................................................................73
Delete Flight Plan....................................................................73
Select Approach......................................................................73
Select Arrival...........................................................................74
Select Departure .....................................................................75
Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure ..................................75
Closest Point of FPL ................................................................75
Parallel Track...........................................................................76
Change Fields.........................................................................77
Restore Defaults .....................................................................77
Shortcuts..........................................................................................78
Flight Plan Transfer Feature (optional with software V 3.20 or
later) ................................................................................................80
Section 5 - Procedures - Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals .......83
Basic Approach Operations ...........................................................85
Approaches with Procedure Turns ................................................86
Flying the Procedure Turn..............................................................87
Flying the Missed Approach ..........................................................90
Flying an Approach with a Hold....................................................91
Flying a DME Arc Approach ...........................................................94
Vectors to Final ...............................................................................97
Flying the Vectors Approach..........................................................98
Course From Fix Flight Plan Legs................................................100
ILS Approaches..............................................................................104
Selecting an ILS Approach .....................................................105
Flying the ILS Approach.........................................................106
Selecting an LPV Approach..........................................................109
Flying the LPV Approach .......................................................110
Flying the LP Approach ................................................................112
RNAV Approach Procedures.........................................................113
Points to Remember for All Approaches....................................113
Points to Remember for Localizer or VOR-based Approaches 114
Enabling Autopilot Outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225......115
Section 6 WPT Pages............................................................................117
WPT Page Group ...........................................................................117
Duplicate Waypoints.....................................................................119
Airport Runway Page ...................................................................121
Airport Frequency Page ...............................................................122
Airport Approach Page.................................................................124
Airport Arrival Page......................................................................126
Airport Departure Page................................................................127
Intersection Page..........................................................................129
NDB Page .......................................................................................129
VOR Page .......................................................................................130
User Waypoint Page......................................................................131
Creating User Waypoints .............................................................131
Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page...........................133
Modifying User Waypoints...........................................................133
User Waypoint Page Options .......................................................134
User Waypoint List........................................................................135
Section 7 NRST Pages ..........................................................................137
NRST Page Group..........................................................................137
Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint ..............................................139
Nearest Airport Page....................................................................139
Nearest Intersection Page ...........................................................141
Nearest NDB Page ........................................................................141
Nearest VOR Page .........................................................................141
Nearest User Waypoint Page .......................................................142
Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page......................................................142
Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page .................................143
Nearest Airspace Page .................................................................144
Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations ...
...........................................................................................................149
Ident Audio and Volume...............................................................149
VLOC Window and Tuning............................................................149
CDI Key...........................................................................................152
Section 9 AUX Pages............................................................................153
AUX Page Group............................................................................153
Flight Planning Page.....................................................................154
Fuel Planning........................................................................155
Trip Planning.........................................................................157
Density Alt / TAS / Winds .......................................................158
Crossfill Operation ................................................................159
Scheduler .............................................................................161
Utility Page ....................................................................................162
Checklists .............................................................................164
Flight Timers .........................................................................165
Trip Statistics ........................................................................166
RAIM Prediction....................................................................167
Sunrise / Sunset ....................................................................168
Software / Database Versions ................................................168

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Setup 1 Page .................................................................................169
Airspace Alarms....................................................................171
CDI Scale / Alarms.................................................................172
Units / Mag Var.....................................................................173
Position Format.....................................................................174
Map Datum .........................................................................174
Date / Time ...........................................................................174
Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................175
Setup 2 Page .................................................................................175
Display .................................................................................177
Nearest Airport Criteria .........................................................178
SBAS Selection......................................................................178
Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion...........................................180
Detection and Exclusion ..............................................................180
Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, and Navigation Terminology
...........................................................................................................181
Messages .......................................................................................181
Turn Advisory and Arrival Annunciations...................................187
Flight Plan Transfer Messages.....................................................188
Abbreviations................................................................................189
Navigation Terms..........................................................................193
Appendix A NavData Card Use..........................................................195
Appendix B Specifications..................................................................196
Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A....................................................197
Index.........................................................................................................203

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INTRODUCTION
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190-00356-00 Rev G
Model Descriptions
This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W,
GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, GNS 430AW.
In general, all models will be referred to as the 400W-
series, except where there are physical or operational
differences. The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and
2.66”high.Thedisplayisa240by128pixelcolorLCD.
The units include two removable data cards, one with
a Jeppesen database (inserted in the left-most card slot)
and the second being a Terrain database (inserted in the
right-most card slot).
GPS 400W
The GPS 400W has a WAAS GPS engine and is TSO
C146a certified for primary domestic, oceanic, and
remote navigation including en route, terminal, and
non-precision approaches, and approaches with vertical
guidance,suchasLPVandLNAV/VNAV.TheGPS400W
can simultaneously give aviators vital approach infor-
mation and weather and traffic data in relation to their
position on a color moving map display. Thanks to a
high-contrast color display, the information can be easily
read from wide viewing angles even in direct sunlight. Its
color moving map features a built-in database that shows
cities, highways, railroads, rivers, lakes, coastlines, and a
complete Jeppesen database. The huge Jeppesen database
(that can be updated with a front-loading data card)
containsallairports,VORs,NDBs,Intersections,FSS,
Approach,DPs/STARs,andSUAinformation.
PilotswillenjoytheGPS400WasanMFD,especially
when it is coupled with traffic, lightning detection, and
weatherinterfaceslikeRyanTCAD,TISfromtheGarmin
GTX330ModeStransponder,orL3SKYWATCH™,or
STORMSCOPE®WX500.WiththePC-basedFDEpre-
diction program, the GPS 400W may be used for oceanic
or remote operations. For the latest in graphical and
textual weather information, the GPS 400W can connect
toXMSatelliteRadio’sXMWXWeatherServiceviathe
GDL69/69Adatalinkreceiver.
GNC 420W/420AW
The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of
theGPS400W,andalsoincludesTSO’dairborneVHF
communications transceiver. This multipurpose unit is
available with either a 10-watt (GNS 420W) or 16-watt
28Vdc(GNS420AW)COM.
GNS 430W/430AW
The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the
GPS 420W/420AW, and also includes
TSO’ d airborne
VOR/LocalizerandGlideslopereceivers.Thismultipur-
pose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 430W)
or16-watt28Vdc(GNS430AW)COM.
Takeoff Tour
This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief
introduction of the 400W-series major features. The
rest of this manual describes these features, and others,
in additional detail. Use this guide, as needed, to learn
or review the details regarding a particular feature. The
Index may be used to quickly locate the information
you want. Before flying with your 400W-series unit, take
the time to review the information in the manuals and
practice with the trainer.
After you’re familiar with the basics, some suggested
reading within the Reference section includes:
•Flightplanfeatures-Section4
•Waypointinformationpages(databaseinformation)
- Section 6
•IFRprocedures-Section5
•Unitsettings(conguringtheunittoyourprefer-
ences) - Section 9
If you’re unable to locate the information you need,
we’re here to help! Garmin’s Customer Service staff is
available during normal business hours (U.S. Central
time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page
ii. You can also reach us by mail (see page ii) or at our
web site address: www.garmin.com.
Model Descriptions

2
TAKEOFF TOUR
190-00356-00 Rev G
f
The small left knob(COM/VLOC)
(420W/430W only) is used to tune the kilo-
hertz (kHz) value
(to the right of the decimal
point)
of the standby frequency for the com-
municationstransceiver(COM)ortheVLOC
receiver, whichever is currently selected by the
tuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily
to toggle the tuning cursor between the COM
andVLOCfrequencyfields.
W
The COM flip-flop key (420W/430W only)
is used to swap the active and standby COM
frequencies. Press and hold to select emer-
gency channel (121.500 MHz).
V
The VLOC flip-flop key (430W only) is
usedtoswaptheactiveandstandbyVLOC
frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby
frequency active).
Key and Knob Functions
Key and Knob Functions
The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation
as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on
the next three pages provide a general overview of the
primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff
Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of
the primary functions of your 400W-series unit. Experi-
ment with the unit and refer to the Reference sections
for more information.
Left-hand Keys and Knobs
Left-hand Keys and Knobs
GPS 400W GNC 420W/AW GNS 430W/AW
k
The COM power/volume knob (420W/430W
only) controls unit power and communications
radio volume. Press momentarily to disable
automatic squelch control. In the GPS 400W,
this control is used only for power.
j
The VLOC volume knob (430W only)
controlsaudiovolumefortheselectedVOR/
Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to
enable/disable the ident tone.
h
The large left knob(COM/VLOC)
(420W/430W only) is used to tune the mega-
hertz (MHz) value (to the left of the decimal
point) of the standby frequency for the com-
municationstransceiver(COM)ortheVLOC
receiver, whichever is currently selected by
the tuning cursor.

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E
The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an
operation or complete data entry. It is also
used to confirm information, such as during
power on.
d
The large right knob is used to select
betweenthevariouspagegroups:NAV,WPT,
AUXorNRST.Withtheon-screencursor
enabled, the large right knob allows you to
move the cursor about the page.
a
The small right knob (CRSR) is used to
select between the various pages within one
of the groups listed above. Press this knob
momentarily to display the on-screen cursor.
The cursor allows you to enter data and/or
make a selection from a list of options.
Key and Knob Functions
Right-hand Keys and Knobs
Right-hand Keys and Knobs
R
The range key (RNG) allows you to select
the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side
of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or
the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller
area.
D
The direct-to key provides access to the
direct-to function, which allows you to enter
a destination waypoint and establishes a
direct course to the selected destination. See
Section 3.
m
The MENU key displays a context-sensitive
list of options. This options list allows you
to access additional features or make settings
changes which relate to the currently dis-
played page.
c
The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-
mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold
thiskeytoimmediatelydisplaytheDefault
Navigation Page, regardless of which page is
currently displayed.

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Key and Knob Functions
Bottom Row Keys
The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W
only) displays the nearest airports page.
Then, turning the small right knob steps
through the NRST pages.
The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle
whichnavigationsource(GPSorVLOC)pro-
videsoutputtoanexternalHSIorCDI.
The OBS key is used to select manual or
automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing
the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will
retain the current “active to” waypoint as
your navigation reference even after pass-
ing the waypoint (i.e., prevents sequencing
to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS
key again will return to normal operation,
with automatic sequencing of waypoints.
Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may set
the desired course to/from a waypoint using
the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on
yourHSIorCDI.
The message key (MSG) is used to view
system messages and important warnings and
requirements. See Sections 11 and 9 for more
information on messages and unit settings.
The flight plan key (FPL) allows you to
create, edit, activate and invert flight plans,
as well as access approaches, departures and
arrivals. A closest point to flight plan feature
is also available from the flight plan key. See
Section 4 for more information on flight
plans.
C
O
F
M
P
N
GPS 400W / GNC 420W
GNS 430W
The procedures key (PROC) allows you to
select and remove approaches, departures
and arrivals from your flight plan. When
using a flight plan, available procedures for
your departure and/or arrival airport are
offered automatically. Otherwise, you may
select the desired airport, then the desired
procedure.
Whenever the 400W-series unit is dis-
playing a list of information that is too
long for the display screen, a scroll bar
will appear along the right-hand side
of the display. The scroll bar graphically
indicates the number of additional items
available within the selected category.
Simply press the small right knob to
activate the cursor and turn the large
right knob to scroll through the list.
}
scroll bar

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Power On
Power On
The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate
navigational data and some models also have com-
munication capability, along with non-precision and
precision approach certification in the IFR environ-
ment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you
with the operation of the 400W-series — including
powering up the unit, changing frequencies, entering
data, performing a simple direct-to, selecting IFR pro-
cedures and provides a limited introduction to using
flight plans. In addition, this section briefly covers the
default navigation, map and frequency pages available
aspartoftheNAVpagegroup.Thesepageswillbe
used for most of your in-flight navigation.
The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and anten-
nas have been properly installed and you have not
changed any of the 400W-series unit default settings.
If you have changed any of the factory default settings
(position format, units of measure, selectable fields,
etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match
what you see on your 400W-series unit. Prior to using
your unit for the first time, we recommend that you
taxi to a location that is well away from buildings
and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data
without interruption.
Powering up the 400W-Series Unit
The 420W and 430W power and COM volume
are controlled using the power/volume knob at the
top left corner of the unit. The 400W power knob
is located at the top left corner of the unit. Turning
it clockwise will turn unit power on and increase the
COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a Wel-
come page will be displayed while the unit performs a
self test, followed by the database confirmation pages
which show the current database information on the
NavDatacard(withthevalidoperatingdates,cycle
number and database type indicated). The database
is updated every 28 days, and must be current for
approved instrument approach operations. Informa-
tion on database subscriptions is available inside your
400W-series package.
To acknowledge the database information, press
ENT.
Power-up Sequence

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Instrument Panel Self-Test
Instrument Panel Self-Test
Once the database has been acknowledged, the
instrument panel self-test page will appear. To ensure
that your 400W-series unit and any connected instru-
ments are working properly, check for the following
indicationsonyourCDI/HSI,RMI,externalannuncia-
tors and other connected instruments:
•Coursedeviation
•Glideslope
•TO/FROMag
•Timetodestination
•Bearingtodestination
•Desiredtrack
•Distancetodest.
•Groundspeed
•Allexternalannunciators(ifinstalled)
The instrument panel self-test page indicates the cur-
rently selected OBS course, fuel capacity (CAP), fuel
on board (FOB) and fuel flow (FF). The fuel capacity,
fuel on board and fuel flow may be manually entered
if your installation does not include connection to sen-
sors which automatically provide these figures.
To enter fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel flow
figures (if not provided by sensors):
1. Turn the large right knob to select the “CAP”,
“FOB” or “FF” field.
2. Turn the small and large right knobs to enter
the desired figure, then press ENT.
Enter the fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel
flow figures directly onto the appropriate
field of the instrument panel self-test page.
These figures will automatically be provided
if your installation includes connection to
external sensors.
Fuel Figures: May be
entered manually if no
sensor present
Select to display
Checklists Page
Check CDI/HSI,
RMI and other
instruments
to verify these
indications
Should match current
OBS course selection
Select to Set Fuel Level
to Full Capacity
{}

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Fuel On Board and Checklists
The instrument panel self-test page includes selec-
tions to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and
access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly
set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve
entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists.
To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by
sensor):
1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Set
Full Fuel?”.
Select “Set Full Fuel?” to set fuel on board
(FOB) to full capacity.
2. Press ENT and verify that fuel on board
(“FOB”) now matches the fuel capacity (CAP)
figure. Fuel on board will now be reduced, over
time, based on the fuel flow (FF) figure.
Fuel On Board & Checklists
To view the checklists page:
1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Go To
Chklist?” and press ENT.
Select “Go To Chklist?” to display the check-
list page and any available checklists. The
400W-series unit can hold up to nine check-
lists with up to 30 entries in each checklist.
2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired
checklist, then follow the steps in Section 9
- Aux Pages - Utility Page to execute each
step in the selected checklist.
3. Once you complete the desired checklist(s),
press the small right knob to return to the
checklists page. Press the small right knob
again to return to normal operation on the
satellite status or map pages.
Once you’ve verified instrument operation with
the instrument panel self-test page displayed,
press the ENT key.
The satellite status page will appear as the 400W-
series unit begins to collect satellite information. An
“Acquiring” status will be displayed on the satellite
status page, and the signal strength of any satellites
received will appear as “bar graph” readings. This is
a good indication that you are receiving signals and a
position fix will be determined. Following the first-
time use of your 400W-series unit, the time required
for a position fix will vary—within two minutes.

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Acquiring Satellites/Messages
If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a
period of six months or more, it may have to “Search
the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is
acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satel-
lite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes.
The Satellite Status Page displays a “Searching Sky”
status, and the message annunciator (MSG) above the
MSG key also flashes to alert you of a system message,
“Searching the Sky”.
The Time and other data may not be displayed
until the unit has acquired enough satellites for a fix.
To view a system message, press the MSG key.
Message Page
The message page will appear and display the status
or warning information applicable to the receiver’s cur-
rent operating condition.
To return to the previous page after viewing a
message, press the MSG key again.
The satellite status page shows the ID num-
bers for the satellites and the relative signal
strength of each satellite received (as a “bar
graph” reading.
“Searching Sky” indicates that satellite almanac
data is not available. The data is recollected from the
first available satellite.
“Acquiring” indicates that satellites have been
located and information is being acquired, but the
receiver does not have enough satellites for a 3-dimen-
sional position.
“3DNAV” indicates that a 3-dimensional position
is available.
“3DDIFFNAV”indicateswhena3-dimensional
position is available and differential corrections are
being used.
The “INTEG” annunciator (bottom left corner of
the screen) indicates that satellite coverage is insuffi-
cient to pass built-in integrity monitoring tests.
Acquiring Satellites / Messages

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Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies
While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position,
let’s take a minute to dial in the active and standby
frequencies you’ll be using for the first phase of your
flight. The 400W-series display is divided into separate
“windows” (or screen areas), including a COM window,
VLOCwindow,andtheGPSwindow.
COM Window:
Active Frequency COM Window:
Standby Frequency
with tuning cursor
VLOC Window:
Active Frequency
Pushing the small left knob activates the tuning
cursor in the desired frequency window. To select the
active frequency, you must first enter the frequency
in the standby field, and use the COM flip-flop (or
VLOC flip-flop)key to move it to the active field.
To change the standby communication (COM) or
VLOC frequency:
1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the
desired window (COM or VLOC), press the
small left knob momentarily to switch the
highlight between the COM and VLOC win-
dows.Adjusting the frequencies with the large
and small left knobs will affect the standby
frequency.
2. Turn the large left knob to select the desired
megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the
“135” portion of the frequency “135.325”.
3. Turn the small left knob to select the desired
kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.325”
portion of the frequency “135.325”.
4. To activate the selected frequency, press the
appropriate flip-flop key—COM for commu-
nication frequencies orVLOC for VOR/Localizer
frequencies.
Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply
repeat steps 1 through 3, above, to enter the standby
frequency. After both communication frequencies have
been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window
‘hot’ by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or
movethecursortotheVLOCwindowbypressingthe
small left knob.
Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply
repeat steps 1 to 3, above, to enter the standby fre-
quency. After both communication frequencies have
been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window
“hot” by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency,
ormovethecursortotheVLOCwindowbypressing
the small left knob.
NOTE: When selecting VLOC frequencies, the
tuning cursor automatically returns to the COM
window after 30 seconds of inactivity.
NOTE: GPS level of service annunciations (LPV,
ENR, etc. as shown on page 83) are not appli-
cable to the external CDI (or HSI) when VLOC is
active.
These features are only available in the 420W/430W
units.
Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies
420W / 430W Only

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Page Groups
Page Groups
Default NAV
Map
NAVCOM
Position
Satellite Status
VNAV
NAV Group
Terrain
Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs. The large right knobselectsthepagegroup:NAV,WPT,AUXor
NRST. The small right knobselectsthedesiredpagewithinagroup.ToquicklyselectthedefaultNAVpage,pressandholdtheCLR key.
(Small right knob to select pages within the group)
a
WPT Group
Arpt Location
Arpt Runway
Arpt Frequency
Arpt Approach
Arpt Arrival
Intersection
NDB
VOR
Arpt Departure
User Waypoint
(Large right knob to change page groups)
d