Hirschmann PTN-2-C37.94 User manual

Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1 Technical support
Release 01 02/2018 https://hirschmann-support.belden.com
User Manual
Installation
Dragon PTN Interface Module
PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1

2 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
Release 01 02/2018
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Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 General...............................................................................................6
1.2 Manual References .............................................................................7
2. MODULE DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Front Panel .........................................................................................8
2.1.1 Handle........................................................................................................8
2.1.2 LEDs............................................................................................................8
2.1.3 C37.94 SFP Port (Fiber)............................................................................10
2.1.4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Ports (Copper) and Cables ...................................................10
2.2 Functional Operation ........................................................................ 10
2.2.1 General ....................................................................................................10
2.2.2 E1 Framing ...............................................................................................11
2.2.3 T1 Framing ...............................................................................................12
2.2.4 C37.94 Framing........................................................................................12
2.2.5 AMI, HDB3 and B8ZS Coding ...................................................................13
2.2.6 CES: SAToP ...............................................................................................14
2.2.7 CES: CESoPSN...........................................................................................15
2.2.8 Start Sending Data ...................................................................................19
2.2.9 SAToP Compared With CESoPSN.............................................................19
2.2.10 Hitless Switching......................................................................................19
2.2.11 Single Path ...............................................................................................20
2.2.12 Delay Comparison in CES (Features) .......................................................22
2.2.13 I/O with the Central Switching Module (=CSM) ......................................22
2.2.14 Synchronization / Clock Distribution / Network Timing..........................22
2.2.15 Short Haul/Long Haul on E1/T1 Ports......................................................25
2.2.16 Test and Loopback Selftests ....................................................................25
2.3 Onboard Interfaces ...........................................................................25
2.3.1 Straps .......................................................................................................26
2.3.2 DIP Switches ............................................................................................26
3. TDM FRAMES/PACKET ............................................................................................. 26
3.1 General............................................................................................. 26
3.2 Bandwidth........................................................................................ 27
3.3 Delay ................................................................................................27
3.3.1 General ....................................................................................................27
3.3.2 Delay Parameters ....................................................................................28
3.3.3 Estimated Delay Calculation and Formulas .............................................29
3.3.4 Estimated Delay Examples.......................................................................29
3.3.5 Differential Delay.....................................................................................29
3.4 Tuning CES = Tuning TDM Frames/Packet.......................................... 30
4. COMPATIBILITY........................................................................................................ 30
5. MODULE SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 31

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5.1 General Specifications....................................................................... 31
5.2 Other Specifications..........................................................................31
5.3 Ordering Information........................................................................ 31
6. ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... 31
List of figures
Figure 1 Common Example with C37.94, E1, T1............................................................................ 7
Figure 2 Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 C37.94 SFP Connector ................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Connector.................................................................................................. 10
Figure 5 Detailed Function C37.94/E1/T1 Example..................................................................... 11
Figure 6 E1 Framing..................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 7 T1 Framing..................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 8 C37.94 Framing.............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 9 HDB3 Encoding .............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 10 T1: B8ZS Encoding ....................................................................................................... 13
Figure 11 General SAToP Example .............................................................................................. 14
Figure 12 Detailed E1 SAToP Example......................................................................................... 14
Figure 13 General CESoPSN via C37.94 Port Example................................................................. 15
Figure 14 Detailed C37.94 to C37.94 CESoPSN Example............................................................. 16
Figure 15 General CESoPSN via E1/T1 Port Example .................................................................. 16
Figure 16 Detailed E1 CESoPSN Example .................................................................................... 17
Figure 17 General CESoPSN via C37.94 to E1 Port Example ....................................................... 18
Figure 18 Detailed C37.94 To E1 CESoPSN Example ................................................................... 18
Figure 19 Hitless Switching.......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 20 Single Path Enabled ..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 21 Single Path Disabled .................................................................................................... 21
Figure 22 Clocking: Application D Slaves to Application A via Dragon PTN ................................ 23
Figure 23 Clocking: Both Application A and D Slave to Dragon PTN Clock Master ..................... 23
Figure 24 2-C37.94: Side View..................................................................................................... 25
Figure 25 Hardware Edition......................................................................................................... 26
Figure 26 E1/T1 Configuration .................................................................................................... 26
Figure 27 SAToP, CESoPSN Bandwidth........................................................................................ 27
Figure 28 Delays .......................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 29 Differential Delay......................................................................................................... 30

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List of Tables
Table 1 Manual References........................................................................................................... 7
Table 2 LED Indications In Boot Operation ................................................................................... 9
Table 3 LED Indications In Normal Operation ............................................................................... 9
Table 4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Connector: Pin Assignments....................................................................... 10
Table 5 Comparison: SAToP  CESoPSN ................................................................................ 19
Table 6 Difference Between Hitless and Protection Switching................................................... 20
Table 7 Clocking Parameters on Port & Service Level................................................................. 24
Table 8 TDM Frames/Packet ....................................................................................................... 27
Table 9 Estimated Delay Formulas .............................................................................................. 29
Table 10 Estimated Delay (µs) Examples..................................................................................... 29
Table 11 Other Specifications...................................................................................................... 31

6 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
This document is valid as of Dragon PTN Release 3.0DR.
E1 and T1 links are used worldwide to implement synchronous TDM links between two end
points. These links typically transport voice and/or data using TDM. The application of E1 or
T1 is country related. T1 is primarily used on the North American continent and Japan
whereas E1 is used in most other areas. Both carriers differ with respect to the physical
interface, the framing algorithm, signaling and network management.
An E1 service bundles together 32 TDM (Time Division Multiplex) channels whereas a T1
service bundles together 24 TDM channels. This results in an E1 service having a total
bandwidth of 2.048 Mbps and a T1 service a total bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps.
C37.94 is a standard for transmitting N times 64 kbps on an optical fiber, where N=1,2,…12.
It is a protocol used in the power industry between teleprotection and multiplexer
equipment. Teleprotection makes sure that faulty parts within a power system will be
disconnected very fast to prevent further damage within that power system. A C37.94 frame
also has a bandwidth of 2.048 Mbps and all its information is also transported in 32
timeslots, just like E1. But C37.94 is a special kind of E1 framing. Within these 32 E1
timeslots, C37.94 has its own timeslot mapping and uses N (=1 to 12) timeslots for real data,
see §2.2.4.
HiProvision (=Dragon PTN Management System) has two variants of this IFM (see also
§2.3.2b):
2-C37.94-E1-L = 2-C37.94 IFM in E1 mode;
2-C37.94-T1-L = 2-C37.94 IFM in T1 mode;
This IFM converts the C37.94/E1/T1 framing from a C37.94/E1/T1 link into MPLS-TP packets
over the Dragon PTN network, and vice versa. The destination IFM must also compensate for
possible jitter and network delays to keep everything synchronized. A packetized TDM
service is called a Circuit Emulation Service (=CES). A maximum of 16 CESs can be configured
per 2-C37.94 module.
2-C37.94 refers to ‘2 C37.94 ports and 2 E1/T1 ports’. This IFM can be used in any IFM slot of
any node. An IFM slot overview can be found in Ref. [3] in Table 1.
The main supported features are:
Packetizing of E1/T1 Framing
LAN function
Services
SAToP (=Structured Agnostic TDM over Packet) all channels transparently;
CESoPSN (=CES over Packet Switched Network) customized channel transport;
Hitless Switching / Single Path;
Synchronization
SyncE;
A common example with C37.94, E1 and T1 can be found in the figure below:

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Figure 1 Common Example with C37.94, E1, T1
1.2 Manual References
Table 1 is an overview of the manuals referred to in this manual. ‘&’ refers to the language
code, ‘*’ refers to the manual issue. All these manuals can be found in the HiProvision
(=Dragon PTN Management System) Help function.
Table 1 Manual References
Ref.
Number
Title
[1]
DRA-DRM821-&-*
Dragon PTN and HiProvision Operation
[2]
DRA-DRM801-&-*
Dragon PTN Installation and Operation
[3]
DRB-DRM802-&-*
Dragon PTN Nodes: PTN2210, PTN2209, PTN2206, PTN1104
[4]
DRD-DRM803-&-*
Dragon PTN Switching Module: PTN-CSM310-A
[5]
DRE-DRM805-&-*
Dragon PTN Interface Module: PTN-4-E1-L/PTN-4-T1-L
[6]
DRF-DRM811-&-*
Dragon PTN TRMs (Transmit Receive Modules: SFP, XFP)
[7]
DRA-DRM810-&-*
Dragon PTN General Specifications
[8]
DRE-DRM818-&-*
Dragon PTN Switching Module: PTN-16-E1-L/PTN-16-T1-L
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN Network
WAN (via SFP on fiber)
2-C37.94
Module
Dragon PTN
Node
Packetized C37.94/E1/T1 via
SAToP and CESoPSN
LAN1
codec
PBX
Teleprotection1
LAN2
codec
PBX
Teleprotection2
C37.94
Fiber Links
E1/T1
Links
C37.94
Fiber Links
E1/T1
Links

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2. MODULE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Front Panel
Figure 2 Front Panel
2.1.1 Handle
a. Insert the Module into the Node
Take the front panel handles to insert or slide the module into the Dragon PTN node. Push
the module thoroughly into the node’s backplane. Next, tighten the two fastening screws in
the front panel corners.
b. Remove the Module from the Node
Untighten the two fastening screws in the front panel corners. Take the front panel handles
to pull out and finally remove the module from the Dragon PTN node.
2.1.2 LEDs
The meaning of the LEDs depends on the mode of operation (= boot or normal) in which the
2-C37.94 module currently is running. After plugging in the module or rebooting it, the
module turns into the boot operation, see Table 2. After the module has gone through all
the cycles in the table below (=rebooted successfully), the module turns into the normal
operation, see LEDs in Table 3.
LEDs
2 E1/T1
Ports
2 C37.94
Ports
Handle
Fastening screw

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Table 2 LED Indications In Boot Operation
Cycle
PI
PF
FLT
Spare LED
RDI[1,2]
AIS[3,4]
LOS[1..4]
1
x
---
Slow blinking
---
---
---
---
2
x
---
Fast blinking
---
---
---
---
3
x
---
---
---
---
---
---
4
x
---
x
---
x
x
x
x : LED is lit
--- : LED is not lit
The sub cycle times may vary.
The entire boot cycle time [14] takes approximately 2 minutes.
Table 3 LED Indications In Normal Operation
LED
Color
Status
PI (=Power Input)
Not lit, dark
+12V power input to the board not OK
Green
+12V power input to the board OK
PF (=Power Failure)
Not lit, dark
power generation on the board itself is OK
Red
power generation on the board itself is erroneous
FLT (=FauLT)
Not lit, dark
no other fault or error situation, different from PF, is active on the module
Red
a fault or error situation, different from PF, is active on the module
(empty)
Not lit, Green
spare
RDI<port n°>
(=Remote Defect
Indication)
Not lit, dark
- no service on this port
- service on this port: no alarms detected on backplane (=network) side,
everything fine
Orange, lit
service on this port: no network traffic or RDI detected on backplane
(=network) side
Orange, blinking
other errors different from RDI detected on backplane (=network) side
AIS<port n°>
(=Alarm Indication
Signal)
Not lit, dark
- no service on this port
- service on this port: no alarms detected on backplane (=network) side,
everything fine
Red, lit
service on this port: no network traffic or TX AIS detected on backplane
(=network) side
Red, blinking
other errors different from TX AIS detected on backplane (=network) side
LOS<port 1-2°>
(C37.94 ports)
(Loss of Signal)
Not lit, dark
- no service on this port
- service on this port: local C37.94 traffic on this front port is OK
Red, lit
service on this port: LOF on this front port
Red, blinking
other errors different from LOF received on this front port
LOS<port 3-4°>
(E1/T1 ports)
(Loss of Signal)
Not lit, dark
- no service on this port
- service on this port: local E1/T1 traffic on this front port is OK
Red, lit
service on this port: local E1/T1 signal is lost on this front port
Red, blinking
AIS, LOF or RAI received on this front port

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2.1.3 C37.94 SFP Port (Fiber)
The 2-C37.94 module provides two SFP ports for long distance communication over optical
fiber. The SFPs that can be used for this port can be found in Ref. [6] in Table 1.
Figure 3 C37.94 SFP Connector
2.1.4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Ports (Copper) and Cables
The 2-C37.94 module provides two ports and each port connector has eight pins. Each port
provides one tip/ring pair. See the table and figure below for an overview and description.
Both the ports act as E1 or T1 port. This behavior can be configured via a DIP switch, see
§2.3.2b. The cables below can be ordered to connect these ports.
E1 cable (120 Ω): ordering number 942 256-201;
T1 cable (100 Ω): ordering number 942 256-200;
Figure 4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Connector
Table 4 E1/T1 RJ-45 Connector: Pin Assignments
Pin Number
Description
Cable Wire Colors
1
Rx (Receive) RING
OG
2
Rx (Receive) TIP
WH/OG
3
Not connected
-
4
Tx (Transmit) RING
BU
5
Tx (Transmit) TIP
WH/BU
6, 7 ,8
Not connected
-
2.2 Functional Operation
2.2.1 General
A teleprotection network (e.g. Teleprotection1) can be connected to the MPLS-TP Dragon
PTN network via one of the two C37.94 interface ports. An external LAN (e.g. LAN1) can be
connected to the MPLS-TP Dragon PTN network via one of the two E1/T1 interface ports.
The 2-C37.94 module can interface with 2 C37.94 and/or 2 E1/T1 lines. In Figure 1, a
common functional setup is shown.
1 8

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In Figure 5 below, a more detailed functional setup is shown. A LAN1 network interfaces the
Dragon PTN node via the E1/T1 ports on the 2-C37.94 module. The 2-C37.94 converts this
traffic into Ethernet traffic on the backplane. The Central Switching Module (=CSM310-A)
converts this Ethernet traffic into packetized E1/T1 MPLS-TP and transmits it via an Ethernet
IFM (e.g. 4-GC-LW) onto the Dragon PTN MPLS-TP network. The packetizing of C37.94/E1/T1
occurs via CES: SAToP (see §2.2.6) or CES: CESoPSN (see §2.2.7) technique.
The CES is normally configured between two ports of the same type (between two C37.94
ports, two E1 or two T1 ports). Via the CES: CESoPSN, it is possible to configure a service
between a C37.94 and an E1 or T1 port. In this way, it is possible to transport a C37.94 link
further on over an SDH cloud or network, see §2.2.7 for some examples.
Figure 5 Detailed Function C37.94/E1/T1 Example
2.2.2 E1 Framing
E1 is a 2.048 Mbps bi-directional (full duplex) link through which the data is transported in a
digital way in frames. One frame consists of 32 time slots (Figure 6). Timeslot 0 is used for
framing and synchronization, and time slot 16 for signaling. The bandwidth of one time slot
is 64 kbps (=8 bits/125 µs). One frame thus consists of 32*8 = 256 bits and lasts
125 µs. Typically 16 frames are packed together in one multiframe.
NOTE: Multiframe = future support;
CSM
CSM310-A
IFM1
2-C37.94
IFM2
4-GC-LW
Switch
ETH 
MPLS-TP
Dragon PTN Node
LAN
WAN
2-C37.94
Module
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN Network
WAN (via SFP on fiber)
CSM
CSM310-A
IFM2
4-GC-LW
Switch
ETH 
MPLS-TP
Dragon PTN Node
WAN: MPLS-TP (on fiber, copper) between Dragon PTN nodes
Ethernet node internal
LAN: E1/T1 link (on copper) external devices
Packetized C37.94/E1/T1 via
SAToP and CESoPSN
LAN1
codec
E1/T1
Links
PBX
Teleprotection1
LAN: C37.94 link (on fiber) teleprotection equipment
IFM1
2-C37.94
LAN2
codec
PBX
Teleprotection2
C37.94
Fiber Links
E1/T1
Links
C37.94
Fiber Links

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Frame = 125 µs = 32 time slots
Bit slot
Time slot
F = Framing
S = Signaling
0
1
2
16
31
Frame
1
1
16
Multiframe = 2 ms
F
S
Figure 6 E1 Framing
2.2.3 T1 Framing
T1 is a 1.544 Mbps bi-directional (full duplex) link through which the data is transported in a
digital way in frames. One frame consists of 24 time slots + 1 bit (Figure 7). The extra bit is
used for framing. The bandwidth of one time slot is 64 kbps (8 bits). One frame thus consists
of (24*8)+1 = 193 bits and lasts 125 µs. Depending of the framing algorithm applied either
12 or 24 frames are packed together in one multiframe. Signaling bits are transported in the
Least Significant Bit of the time slots in each multiframe agreed upon (in-band).
NOTE: Multiframe = (E)SF (=(Extended) Super Frame) = future support;
Frame = 125 µs = 24 time slots
Bit slot
Time slot
0
F
Frame
1
1
12
Multiframe (SF)
23
Multiframe (ESF)
or
1
24
1
Figure 7 T1 Framing
2.2.4 C37.94 Framing
A C37.94 optical link is a 2.048 Mbps bi-directional (full duplex) link through which the data
is transported in a digital way in frames. One frame consists of a Header (=H), Overhead
(=OH) and Timeslots (=T) including Channel Data, see figure below. The Header is used for
framing and synchronization. The Overhead includes the number (=N) that indicates the
amount of transported data channels (N = 1, 2, …, 12). Each data channel bit in the timeslots
is transmitted twice. It means that each time slot comprises 8*2 = 16 bits. Unused timeslots
are filled with ones. The bandwidth of one timeslot is 64 kbps (=8 bits/125 µs).

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Figure 8 C37.94 Framing
2.2.5 AMI, HDB3 and B8ZS Coding
AMI, HDB3 and B8ZS are different types of line coding. HDB3 is used in E1 whereas B8ZS is
used in T1 communications systems. The 2-C37.94 module supports HDB3 for E1 and B8ZS
for T1. HDB3 and B8ZS is an enhancement of AMI. For this reason, AMI is mentioned here as
well.
NOTE: C37.94 is pure optical. As a result, line coding for C37.94 is not relevant;
As the E1/T1 link has no separate clock transmission, the receiver will derive the clock from
the incoming data stream. A minimum density of logical ones is required in order to
guarantee a faultless clock recovery. This is achieved basically by AMI which encodes the
data stream with bipolar violations. A more enhanced and better encoding is HDB3 and B8ZS
which enhance the AMI stream by replacing successive zeros:
E1HDB3: replace four successive zeros with a fixed bit pattern ‘000V’ or ‘B00V’;
T1B8ZS: replace eight successive zeros with a fixed bit pattern ‘000VB0VB’;
A ‘B’ and ‘V’ can either be ‘-‘ or ‘+’. Which pattern is used depends on the amount of ‘+’ and
‘-‘ already received. The choice is such that the number of pluses (+) between two successive
violations (V) is odd.
Figure 9 HDB3 Encoding
Figure 10 T1: B8ZS Encoding
125 µs (=32*8 = 256 bits)
N = 4 Data Channels 12 –N = 8 filled with ‘1’
1 C37.94 Frame = 256 bits = 125 µs
H = Header = 16 bits = Synchronisation (=2 E1 timeslots)
OH = Overhead = 48 bits = Includes N (=6 E1 timeslots)
T = All Timeslots = 192 bits = 12*8*2 = Channel Data (=2 E1 timeslots per C37.94 data channel)
D = Channel Data = N*8*2
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
T15
T16
T17
T18
T19
T20
T21
T22
T23
T24
T25
T26
T27
T28
T29
T30
T31
8 bits
HOH T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12
HOH
D1D1
D2D2
D3D3
D4D4
‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’ ‘1’
Example: N = 4
C37.94 Frame
(mapped in
E1 Frame)
E1 Frame
E1: HDB3 Encoding :
replace 4 zeros with 000V or B00V
...0000...
...000V... ...B00V...
T1: B8ZS Encoding :
replace 8 zeros with 000VB0VB
...00000000...
...000VB0VB...

14 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
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2.2.6 CES: SAToP
SAToP is a point-to-point CES which transparently sends the entire input frame (C37.94, E1
or T1) from the source to the destination port over the MPLS-TP Dragon PTN network. Both
ports must be located in different nodes and the ports must be of the same type. The entire
frame = all data + synchronization + alignment timeslots = 12 timeslots for C37.94, 32
timeslots for E1 and 24 timeslots for T1. As a result, maximum one SAToP service can be
configured per port.
Figure 11 General SAToP Example
In the figure below, a more detailed E1 frame example has been worked out.
Figure 12 Detailed E1 SAToP Example
ALL channels
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
C37.94/E1/T1 port
C37.94/E1/T1 frame
SAToP
C37.94/E1/T1 frame
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C Unused Site A Site B Site C
ALL channels
C37.94/E1/T1 port
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
z1 z2 z3
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
SAToP:
- entire input frame over the network
- transparent transport
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
...
30
31
x1
x2
x3
y1
y2
y3
z1
z2
z3
...
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
z1 z2 z3
E1 port
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
...
30
31
x1
x2
x3
y1
y2
y3
z1
z2
z3
...
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
...
30
31
x1
x2
x3
y1
y2
y3
z1
z2
z3
...
Example : E1 Frame
E1
Frame
E1
Frame
E1 port
SAToP Service

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Release 01 02/2018
2.2.7 CES: CESoPSN
CESoPSN is a point-to-point CES which only sends a selection of channels or timeslots over
the MPLS-TP Dragon PTN network. In HiProvision, the operator selects which timeslots of
the input frame (C37.94, E1 or T1) must be transported. This customized transportation of
timeslots through the network results in a more efficient bandwidth use.
The destination module will receive the transported channels from the Dragon PTN network,
and regenerate all the other missing timeslots itself (empty or dummy timeslots,
synchronization). As a result, the destination sends out the entire regenerated frame
(C37.94, E1 or T1) on its port.
Each end-point or port (C37.94, E1 or T1) must be located in a different node.
CESoPSN services can be configured:
Between two C37.94 ports, see below;
Between two or more E1 ports, see below;
Between two or more T1 ports, see below;
Between a C37.94 and an E1 port, see below;
Between a C37.94 and a T1 port, see below;
a. Between Two C37.94 Ports
One CES per C37.94 port can be configured to transport timeslots between two C37.94
ports. In HiProvision, the operator configures just the amount of the timeslots (=n) to be
transported. As a result, timeslots [1n] will be transported over the Dragon PTN network.
Make sure to keep your payload data or useful timeslots in the lowest timeslot numbers and
the dummy or empty timeslots in the highest timeslot numbers.
For example, if the configured amount is five, then timeslot 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will be transported.
The remaining timeslots cannot be used anymore. On the destination side, the same
timeslots will be used. See some examples in the figures below.
Figure 13 General CESoPSN via C37.94 Port Example
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C
Site A
CESoPSN 1
C37.94 frame
Site B Site C
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C
C37.94 frame
C37.94 port C37.94 port

16 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
Release 01 02/2018
Figure 14 Detailed C37.94 to C37.94 CESoPSN Example
b. Between Two or More E1 Ports
Multiple CESs per port can be configured to transport an amount of timeslots between two
or more E1 ports. In HiProvision, the operator selects the timeslots individually to be
transported per CES. On both the source and destination side, the same amount of timeslots
must be selected. The selected timeslots from the source side can be mapped onto the
timeslots from the destination side.
The timeslot order does not change during the mapping. The first selected source timeslot
will be mapped automatically onto the first selected destination timeslot etc....
See some examples in the figures below.
NOTE: In E1, timeslot 0 cannot be transported;
Figure 15 General CESoPSN via E1/T1 Port Example
x1 x2
x3
Timeslots
H
OH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
x1
x2
x3
x4
C37.94 port
One to One Mapping,
Same slots
Source
Destination
x1
1
1
x2
2
2
x3
3
3
x4
4
4
CESoP Service
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
C37.94 port
x4
x1 x2
x3 x4
x-data
Successive slots
starting from slot1
Timeslots
H
OH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
x1
x2
x3
x4
C37.94
Frame
C37.94
Frame
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C
Site A
Site B
Site C
CESoPSN 1
Site A
Site B
Site C
Unused
Unused
Unused
CESoPSN 2
CESoPSN 3
E1/T1 port
E1/T1 frame
E1/T1 frame
E1/T1 frame
E1/T1 frame
E1/T1 port

Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1 17
Release 01 02/2018
Figure 16 Detailed E1 CESoPSN Example
c. Between Two or More T1 Ports
Similar to §2.2.7b.
d. Between a C37.94 and an E1 Port
One CES per C37.94 port can be configured to transport timeslots between a C37.94 port
and an E1 port. In HiProvision, the operator configures just the amount of the timeslots (=n)
to be transported. As a result, timeslots [1n] will be transported over the Dragon PTN
network. Make sure to keep your payload data or useful timeslots in the lowest timeslot
numbers and the dummy or empty timeslots in the highest timeslot numbers.
For example, if the configured amount is five, then timeslot 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will be transported.
The remaining timeslots on the C37.94 port cannot be used anymore.
On the destination side or E1 port, the transported timeslots can be mapped onto other
timeslots if desired. The remaining timeslots on the E1 port can still be used.
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
z1 z2 z3
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
…
30
31
x1
x2
x3
y1
y2
y3
z1
z2
z3
…
z-data
E1 port
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
…
30
31
z1
z2
z3
…
Mapping Timeslots
Service 1
Source
Destination
x1
1
2
x2
2
3
x3
3
6
y1
4
8
y2
5
10
y3
6
30
z1 z2 z3
Mapping Timeslots
Service 2
Source
Destination
z1
7
1
z2
8
7
z3
9
8
CESoP Service2
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
…
30
31
x1
x2
x3
y1
y2
…
y3
y1
y2
y3
x1 x2 x3
x-data
y-data
CESoP Service1
MPLS-TP
Dragon PTN
E1 port
E1 port
E1 Frame E1 Frame
E1 Frame

18 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
Release 01 02/2018
The timeslot order does not change during the mapping. The first selected source timeslot
will be mapped automatically onto the first selected destination timeslot etc....
See some examples in the figures below.
Figure 17 General CESoPSN via C37.94 to E1 Port Example
Figure 18 Detailed C37.94 To E1 CESoPSN Example
e. Between a C37.94 and a T1 Port
Similar to §2.2.7d.
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C
Site A
CESoPSN 1
C37.94 port
C37.94 frame
E1 port
Site B Site C
Unused
ALL channels
Site A Site B Site C
E1 frame
x1 x2
x3
Timeslots
H
OH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
x1
x2
x3
x4
C37.94 port
Possible Time Slot
Mapping
Source
Destination
x1
1
1
x2
2
7
x3
3
8
x4
4
11
CESoP Service
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
E1 port
x4
x-data
Successive slots
starting from slot1
C37.94
Frame
Timeslots
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
…
30
31
x1
x2
x3
x4
…
E1
Frame
SDH

Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1 19
Release 01 02/2018
2.2.8 Start Sending Data
It can be configured when a SATOP/CESoPSN service starts sending data. See ‘send data’ in
the ‘Dragon PTN and HiProvision Operation’ Manual (=Ref. [1]) for more information.
2.2.9 SAToP Compared With CESoPSN
Table 5 Comparison: SAToP  CESoPSN
SAToP
CESoPSN
amount of
services/port
1
1 for C37.94;
16 for E1/T1; 16 is also the maximum per IFM;
amount of used
timeslots or
channels/service
All timeslots. The entire input frame including all
timeslots, header, synchronization.
Configurable: amount on input = amount on output;
E1 timeslot 0 is never transported;
timeslot mapping
The entire input frame is transported
transparently through the network. As a result,
‘timeslot x’ on the input side will always be
‘timeslot x’ on the output side.
Between two C37.94 ports:
no timeslot mapping, ‘timeslot x’ on the input side =
‘timeslot x’ on the output side.
Between two or more E1 ports:
‘timeslot x’ on the input side can be mapped to
‘timeslot y’ on the output side;
Between two or more T1 ports:
‘timeslot x’ on the input side can be mapped to
‘timeslot y’ on the output side;
Between C37.94 and E1 port:
‘timeslot x’ on the input side can be mapped to
‘timeslot y’ on the output side;
Per CESoPSN service, the timeslots on the input side
must be part of the same port, the timeslots on the
output side must be part of the same port.
All the data channels on an input port can be mapped
on different CESoPSN services, which can have
different destination ports.
2.2.10 Hitless Switching
Hitless Switching is a feature within SAToP/CESoPSN that provides a safe C37.94/E1/T1
redundant connection where no data or synchronization is lost when switching from the
active to the backup path or vice versa, e.g. because of cable break. The total delay over the
network remains nearly constant during switch-over. Redundancy via Hitless Switching is
obtained via completing the list below:
creating two independent point-to-point tunnels without protection;
setting the Hitless Switching on at service creation time in HiProvision.
NOTE: See Ref.[1] for the creation of tunnels and services;
On the source side, with Hitless Switching enabled, the IFM duplicates each packet on a
second tunnel (e.g. Tunnel y, see figure below). Each packet also contains a 16 bit sequence
number. Different tunnels mean different paths through the network, with each path its
own delay. Different delays result in a slow and a fast path.

20 Installation PTN-2-C37.94 with E1/PTN-2-C37.94 with T1
Release 01 02/2018
On the destination side, with Hitless Switching enabled, the 2-C37.94 IFM buffers the fastest
path and forwards packets from the slowest path on the C37.94/E1/T1 link. Packets will be
processed according a packet sequence number.
Hitless Switching is a redundant mechanism but differs from Protection Switching, see the
table below for an overview. So if redundancy is needed in the service, either choose Hitless
Switching or Protection Switching, mixing up both mechanisms is not allowed. Depending on
the choice, settings must be done at tunnel creation time and/or service creation time.
When Hitless Switching has been enabled, the CES can only start up with two links up,
coming out of a two-links-down situation (except when Single Path has been enabled, see
§2.2.11).
See §2.2.11 for a delay comparison within CES depending on the enabled sub features, see
also further on.
Table 6 Difference Between Hitless and Protection Switching
C37.94/E1/T1 Protection Switching
C37.94/E1/T1 Hitless Switching
required tunnel type
1 point-to-point tunnel
2 point-to-point tunnels
tunnel protection type
1:1;
none; the redundancy is created via two
independent point-to-point tunnels.
service parameter
Hitless Switching = disabled
Hitless Switching = enabled
at switch-over
possible data loss
no data or synchronization loss
total delay
less than hitless switching
more than protection switching
Figure 19 Hitless Switching
2.2.11 Single Path
The Single Path feature is a sub feature of Hitless Switching (see §2.2.10). It influences the
start-up behavior of the Hitless Switching mechanism:
enabled: The CES can already start up with only one link up, coming out of a two-links-
down situation;
E1/T1 frame
data
E1/T1 frame
data
Tunnel x has more nodes
= slow path
E1/T1 WAN:
duplicates and transmits
data twice
WAN E1/T1:
data buffering = constant delay;
no packet loss at switch-over
MPLS-TP Dragon PTN
Tunnel y has less nodes
= fast path