Hitachi Zaxis 200 Instruction manual

Manual No. : KM-178E
Vol. No. : W178-E-02
Workshop Manual
Excavator
PRINTED IN SINGAPORE (PS) 2004.10
200·225USR·225US·230·270 Excavator Workshop Manual
200
225USR
225US
230·270
Service Manual (Manual No. KM-178E) consists of the following three separate volumes;
Technical Manual (Operational Principle) :Vol. No. TO178E
Technical Manual (Troubleshooting) :Vol. No. TT178E
Workshop Manual :Vol. No. W178E
Zaxis200/225/230/270-WSM 13/10/04, 12:261

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INTRODUCTION
IN-01
TO THE READER
• This manual is written for an experienced technician
to provide technical information needed to maintain
and repair this machine.
• Be sure to thoroughly read this manual for cor-
rect product information and service procedures.
• If you have any questions or comments, at if you
found any errors regarding the contents of this
manual, please contact using “Service Manual
Revision Request Form” at the end of this man-
ual.
(Note: Do not tear off the form. Copy it for us-
age.):
Publications Marketing & Product Support
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd.
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
• Please refer to the materials listed below in addition
to this manual.
• The Operator’s Manual
• The Parts Catalog
• Operation Manual of the Engine
• Parts Catalog of the Engine
• Hitachi Training Material
MANUAL COMPOSITION
• This manual consists of two portions:
the Technical Manual and the Workshop Manual.
Use the manuals according to purpose.
• Information included in the Technical Manual:
technical information needed for redelivery and
delivery, operation and activation of all devices
and systems, operational performance tests, and
troubleshooting procedures.
• Information included in the Workshop Manual:
technical information needed for maintenance
and repair of the machine, tools and devices
needed for maintenance and repair, maintenance
standards, and removal/installation and assem-
ble/disassemble procedures.
PAGE NUMBER
• Each page has a number, located on the center
lower part of the page, and each number contains
the following information:
Example : T 1-3-5
Consecutive Page Number for Each Group
Group Number
Section Number
T: Technical Manual W: Workshop Manual
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INTRODUCTION
IN-02
SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL AND HEADLINE
NOTATIONS
In this manual, the following safety alert symbol and
signal words are used to alert the reader to the
potential for personal injury of machine damage.
This is the safety alert symbol. When you see this
symbol, be alert to the potential for personal injury.
Never fail to follow the safety instructions prescribed
along with the safety alert symbol.
The safety alert symbol is also used to draw attention
to component/part weights.
To avoid injury and damage, be sure to use appropri-
ate lifting techniques and equipment when lifting
heavy parts.
• CAUTION:
Indicated potentially hazardous situation which
could, if not avoided, result in personal injury or
death.
• IMPORTANT:
Indicates a situation which, if not conformed to the
instructions, could result in damage to the machine.
• NOTE:
Indicates supplementary technical information or
know-how.
UNITS USED
• SI Units (International System of Units) are used in
this manual.
MKSA system units and English units are also
indicated in parenthheses just behind SI units.
Example : 24.5 MPa (250 kgf/cm2, 3560 psi)
A table for conversion from SI units to other system
units is shown below for reference purposees.
Quantity To Convert
From Into Multiply By
MPa kgf/cm210.197Pressure
MPa psi 145.0
kW PS 1.360Power
kW HP 1.341
Temperature °C °F °C×1.8+32
km/h mph 0.6214Velocity
min-1 rpm 1.0
Flow rate L/min US gpm 0.2642
mL/rev cc/rev 1.0
Quantity To Convert
From Into Multiply By
mm in 0.03937Length
mm ft 0.003281
L US gal 0.2642
L US qt 1.057
Volume
m3yd31.308
Weight kg lb 2.205
N kgf 0.10197Force
N lbf 0.2248
N⋅m kgf⋅m 1.0197Torque
N⋅m lbf⋅ft 0.7375
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SAFETY
SA-1
RECOGNIZE SAFETY INFORMATION
• This is the SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL.
• When you see this symbol on your machine or in
this manual, be alert to the potential for personal
injury.
• Follow recommended precautions and safe
operating practices.
001-E01A-0688
SA-688
UNDERSTAND SIGNAL WORDS
• On machine safety signs, signal words designating
the degree or level of hazard - DANGER,
WARNING, or CAUTION - are used with the safety
alert symbol.
• DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in death
or serious injury.
• WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
• CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury.
DANGER or WARNING safety signs are
located near specific hazards. General
precautions are listed on CAUTION safety
signs.
• Some safety signs don’t use any of the
designated signal words above after the safety
alert symbol are occasionally used on this
machine.
• CAUTION also calls attention to safety messages in
this manual.
• To avoid confusing machine protection with
personal safety messages, a signal word
IMPORTANT indicates a situation which, if not
avoided, could result in damage to the machine.
• NOTE indicates an additional explanation for an
element of information.
002-E01C-1223
SA-1223
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SAFETY
SA-2
FOLLOW SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
• Carefully read and follow all safety signs on the
machine and all safety messages in this manual.
• Safety signs should be installed, maintained and
replaced when necessary.
• If a safety sign or this manual is damaged or
missing, order a replacement from your author-
ized dealer in the same way you order other
replacement parts (be sure to state machine
model and serial number when ordering).
• Learn how to operate the machine and its controls
correctly and safely.
• Allow only trained, qualified, authorized personnel
to operate the machine.
• Keep your machine in proper working condition.
• Unauthorized modifications of the machine may
impair its function and/or safety and affect ma-
chine life.
• The safety messages in this SAFETY chapter are
intended to illustrate basic safety procedures of
machines. However it is impossible for these safety
messages to cover every hazardous situation you
may encounter. If you have any questions, you
should first consult your supervisor and/or your au-
thorized dealer before operating or performing
maintenance work on the machine.
003-E01B-0003
SA-003
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SAFETY
SA-3
PREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES
• Be prepared if a fire starts or if an accident occurs.
• Keep a first aid kit and fire extinguisher on hand.
• Thoroughly read and understand the label at-
tached on the fire extinguisher to use it properly.
• To ensure that a fire-extinguisher can be always
used when necessary, check and service the
fire-extinguisher at the recommended intervals as
specified in the fire-extinguisher manual.
• Establish emergency procedure guidelines to
cope with fires and accidents.
• Keep emergency numbers for doctors, ambu-
lance service, hospital, and fire department
posted near your telephone.
004-E01A-0437
SA-437
WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
• Wear close fitting clothing and safety equipment
appropriate to the job.
You may need:
A hard hat
Safety shoes
Safety glasses, goggles, or face shield
Heavy gloves
Hearing protection
Reflective clothing
Wet weather gear
Respirator or filter mask.
Be sure to wear the correct equipment and clothing
for the job. Do not take any chances.
• Avoid wearing loose clothing, jewelry, or other
items that can catch on control levers or other
parts of the machine.
• Operating equipment safely requires the full
attention of the operator. Do not wear radio or
music headphones while operating the machine.
005-E01A-0438
SA-438
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SAFETY
SA-4
PROTECT AGAINST NOISE
• Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause
impairment or loss of hearing.
• Wear a suitable hearing protective device such
as earmuffs or earplugs to protect against
objectionable or uncomfortably loud noises.
006-E01A-0434
SA-434
INSPECT MACHINE
• Inspect your machine carefully each day or shift by
walking around it before you start it to avoid
personal injury.
• In the walk-around inspection be sure to cover all
points described in the “PRE-START
INSPECTION” chapter in the operator’s manual.
S007-E01A-0435
SA-435
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SAFETY
SA-5
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR CAB
• Before entering the cab, thoroughly remove all
dirt and/or oil from the soles of your work boots. If
any controls such as a pedal is operated while
with dirt and/or oil on the soles of the operator’s
work boots the operator’s foot may slip off the
pedal, possibly resulting in a personal accident.
• Don’t leave parts and/or tools lying around the
operator’s seat. Store them in their specified lo-
cations.
• Avoid storing transparent bottles in the cab. Don’t
attach any transparent type window decorations
on the windowpanes as they may focus sunlight,
possibly starting a fire.
• Refrain from listening to the radio, or using music
headphones or mobile telephones in the cab
while operating the machine.
• Keep all flammable objects and/or explosives
away from the machine.
• After using the ashtray, always cover it to extin-
guish the match and/or tobacco.
• Don’t leave cigarette lighters in the cab. When
the temperature in the cab increases, the lighter
may explode.
524-E01A-0000
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SAFETY
SA-6
USE HANDHOLDS AND STEPS
• Falling is one of the major causes of personal injury.
• When you mounting and dismounting the ma-
chine, always face the machine and maintain a
three-point contact with the steps and handrails.
• Do not use any controls as hand-holds.
• Never jump on or off the machine. Never mount
or dismount a moving machine.
• Be careful of slippery conditions on platforms,
steps, and handrails when mounting and dis-
mounting the machine.
008-E01B-0439
SA-439
ADJUST THE OPERATOR'S SEAT
• A poorly adjusted seat for either the operator or for
the work at hand may quickly fatigue the operator
leading to misoperations.
• The seat should be adjusted whenever changing
the operator for the machine.
• The operator should be able to fully depress the
pedals and to correctly operate the control levers
with his back against the seat back.
• If not, move the seat forward or backward, and
check again.
009-E01A-0378
SA-378
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SAFETY
SA-7
FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELT
• If the machine should overturn, the operator may
become injured and/or thrown from the cab.
Additionally the operator may be crushed by the
overturning machine, resulting in serious injury or
death.
• Prior to operating the machine, thoroughly
examine webbing, buckle and attaching
hardware. If any item is damaged or worn,
replace the seat belt or component before
operating the machine.
• Be sure to remain seated with the seat belt
securely fastened at all times when the machine
is in operation to minimize the chance of injury
from an accident.
• We recommend that the seat belt be replaced
every three years regardless of its apparent
condition.
010-E01A-0237
SA-237
MOVE AND OPERATE MACHINE SAFELY
• Bystanders can be run over.
• Take extra care not to run over bystanders.
Confirm the location of bystanders before moving,
swinging, or operating the machine.
• Always keep the travel alarm and horn in working
condition (if equipped). It warns people when the
machine starts to move.
• Use a signal person when moving, swinging, or
operating the machine in congested areas.
Coordinate hand signals before starting the
machine.
011-E01A-0426
SA-426

SAFETY
SA-8
OPERATE ONLY FROM OPERATOR'S
SEAT
• Inappropriate engine starting procedures may
cause the machine to runaway, possibly resulting in
serious injury or death.
• Start the engine only when seated in the
operator's seat.
• NEVER start the engine while standing on the
track or on ground.
• Do not start engine by shorting across starter
terminals.
• Before starting the engine, confirm that all control
levers are in neutral.
012-E01B-0444
SA-444
JUMP STARTING
• Battery gas can explode, resulting in serious injury.
• If the engine must be jump started, be sure to
follow the instructions shown in the “OPERATING
THE ENGINE” chapter in the operator’s manual.
• The operator must be in the operator’s seat so
that the machine will be under control when the
engine starts. Jump starting is a two-person
operation.
• Never use a frozen battery.
• Failure to follow correct jump starting procedures
could result in a battery explosion or a runaway
machine.
S013-E01A-0032
SA-032

SAFETY
SA-9
KEEP RIDERS OFF MACHINE
• Riders on machine are subject to injury such as
being struck by foreign objects and being thrown off
the machine.
• Only the operator should be on the machine.
Keep riders off.
• Riders also obstruct the operator’s view, resulting
in the machine being operated in an unsafe
manner.
014-E01B-0379
SA-379
PROVIDE SIGNALS FOR FOBS INVOLV-
ING MULTIPLE NUMBERS OF MACHINES
• For jobs involving multiple numbers of machines,
provide signals commonly known by all personnel
involved. Also, appoint a signal person to coordi-
nate the job site. Make sure that all personnel obey
the signal person’s directions.
018-E01A-0481
SA-481
CONFIRM DIRECTION OF MACHINE TO
BE DRIVEN
• Incorrect travel pedal/lever operation may result in
serious injury death.
• Before driving the machine, confirm the position
of the undercarriage in relation to the operator’s
position. If the travel motors are located in front of
the cab, the machine will move in reverse when
travel pedals/levers are operated to the front.
017-E01A-0491
SA-491

SAFETY
SA-10
DRIVE MACHINE SAFELY
• Before driving the machine, always confirm that the
travel levers/pedals direction corresponds to the
direction you wish to drive.
• Be sure to detour around any obstructions.
• Avoid traveling over obstructions. Soil, fragments
of rocks, and/or metal pieces may scatter around
the machine. Don’t allow personnel to stay
around the machine while traveling.
• Driving on a slope may cause the machine to slip or
overturn, possibly resulting in serious injury or
death.
• When driving up or down a slope, keep the
bucket facing the direction of travel, approxi-
mately 200 to 300 mm (A) above the ground.
• If the machine starts to skid or becomes unstable,
immediately lower the bucket to the ground and
stop traveling.
• Driving across the face of a slope or steering on
a slope may cause the machine to skid or turn-
over. If the direction must be changed, move the
machine to level ground, then, change the direc-
tion to ensure sage operation.
019-E01D-0492
SA-387
SA-388
SA-441
SA-590
WRONG

SAFETY
SA-11
AVOID INJURY FROM ROLLAWAY
ACCIDENTS
• Death or serious injury may result if you attempt to
mount or stop a moving machine.
To avoid rollaways:
• Select level ground when possible to park
machine.
• Do not park the machine on a grade.
• Lower the bucket and/or other work tools to the
ground.
• Turn the auto-idle / acceleration seleclter and the
H/P mode switch off.
• Run the engine at slow idle speed without load
for 5 minutes to cool down the engine.
• Stop the engine and remove the key from the key
switch.
• Pull the pilot control shut-off lever to LOCK
position.
• Block both tracks and lower the bucket to the
ground. Thrust the bucket teeth into the ground if
you must park on a grade.
• Position the machine to prevent rolling.
• Park a reasonable distance from other machines.
020-E08A-0493
SA-391
SA-392

SAFETY
SA-12
AVOID INJURY FROM BACK-OVER AND
SWING ACCIDENTS
• If any person is present near the machine when
backing or swinging the upperstructure, the
machine may hit or run over that person, resulting
in serious injury or death.
To avoid back-over and swing accidents:
• Always look around BEFORE YOU BACK UP
AND SWING THE MACHINE. BE SURE THAT
ALL BYSTANDERS ARE CLEAR.
• Keep the travel alarm in working condition (if
equipped).
ALWAYS BE ALERT FOR BYSTANDERS
MOVING INTO THE WORK AREA. USE THE
HORN OR OTHER SIGNAL TO WARN
BYSTANDERS BEFORE MOVING MACHINE.
• USE A SIGNAL PERSON WHEN BACKING UP
IF YOUR VIEW IS OBSTRUCTED. ALWAYS
KEEP THE SIGNAL PERSON IN VIEW.
Use hand signals, which conform to your local
regulations, when work conditions require a
signal person.
• No machine motions shall be made unless
signals are clearly understood by both signalman
and operator.
• Learn the meanings of all flags, signs, and
markings used on the job and confirm who has
the responsibility for signaling.
• Keep windows, mirrors, and lights clean and in
good condition.
• Dust, heavy rain, fog, etc., can reduce visibility.
As visibility decreases, reduce speed and use
proper lighting.
• Read and understand all operating instructions in
the operator’s manual.
S021-E01A-0494
SA-383
SA-384

SAFETY
SA-13
AVOID TIPPING
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO JUMP CLEAR OF
TIPPING MACHINE---SERIOUS OR FATAL
CRUSHING INJURIES WILL RESULT
MACHINE WILL TIP OVER FASTER THAN YOU
CAN JUMP FREE
FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELT
• The danger of tipping is always present when
operating on a grade, possibly resulting in serious
injury or death.
To avoid tipping:
• Be extra careful before operating on a grade.
• Prepare machine operating area flat.
• Keep the bucket low to the ground and close to
the machine.
• Reduce operating speeds to avoid tipping or
slipping.
• Avoid changing direction when traveling on
grades.
• NEVER attempt to travel across a grade steeper
than 15 degrees if crossing the grade is
unavoidable.
• Reduce swing speed as necessary when
swinging loads.
• Be careful when working on frozen ground.
• Temperature increases will cause the ground to
become soft and make ground travel unstable.
S025-E01B-0495
SA-012
SA-440

SAFETY
SA-14
AVOID POWER LINES
• Serious injury or death can result if the machine or
front attachments are not kept a safe distance from
electric lines.
• When operating near an electric line, NEVER
move any part of the machine or load closer than
3 m (10 ft) plus twice the line insulator length.
• Check and comply with any local regulations that
may apply.
• Wet ground will expand the area that could cause
any person on it to be affected by electric shock.
Keep all bystanders or co-workers away from the
site.
029-E01A-0381
SA-381
OBJECT HANDLING
• If a lifted load should fall, any person nearby may
be struck by the falling load or may be crushed
underneath it, resulting in serious injury or death.
• When using the machine for craning operations,
be sure to comply with all local regulations.
• Do not use damaged chains or frayed cables,
sables, slings, or ropes.
• Before craning, position the upperstructure with
the travel motors at the rear.
• Move the load slowly and carefully. Never move it
suddenly.
• Keep all persons well away from the load.
• Never move a load over a person's head.
• Do not allow anyone to approach the load until it
is safely and securely situated on supporting
blocks or on the ground.
• Never attach a sling or chain to the bucket teeth.
They may come off, causing the load to fall.
032-E01A-0014
SA-014

SAFETY
SA-15
PROTECT AGAINST FLYING DEBRIS
• If flying debris hit eyes or any other part of the body,
serious injury may result.
• Guard against injury from flying pieces of metal
or debris; wear goggles or safety glasses.
• Keep bystanders away from the working area
before striking any object.
031-E01A-0432
SA-432
PARK MACHINE SAFELY
To avoid accidents:
• Park machine on a firm, level surface.
• Lower bucket to the ground.
• Turn auto-idle / acceleration selector and H/P
mode switch off.
• Run engine at slow idle speed without load for 5
minutes.
• Turn key switch to OFF to stop engine.
• Remove the key from the key switch.
• Pull the pilot control shut-off lever to the LOCK
position.
• Close windows, roof vent, and cab door.
• Lock all access doors and compartments.
033-E09B-0390
SA-390

SAFETY
SA-16
HANDLE FLUIDS SAFELY－AVOID FIRES
• Handle fuel with care; it is highly flammable. If fuel
ignites, an explosion and/or a fire may occur,
possibly resulting in serious injury or death.
• Do not refuel the machine while smoking or when
near open flame or sparks.
• Always stop the engine before refueling the
machine.
• Fill the fuel tank outdoors.
• All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolants are
flammable.
• Store flammable fluids well away from fire
hazards.
• Do not incinerate or puncture pressurized
containers.
• Do not store oily rags; they can ignite and burn
spontaneously.
• Securely tighten the fuel and oil filler cap.
034-E01A-0496
SA-018
SA-019