HP MSR2000 Series User manual
HP 5500 EI & 5500 SI Switch Series
Layer 3 - IP Routing
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-1718
Software version: Release 2220
Document version: 6W100-20130810
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Contents
IP routing basics ··························································································································································· 1
Hardware compatibility····················································································································································1
Overview············································································································································································1
Routing table······································································································································································1
Dynamic routing protocols ···············································································································································2
Routing preference····························································································································································3
Load sharing······································································································································································3
Route backup·····································································································································································3
Route recursion··································································································································································4
Route redistribution ···························································································································································4
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ··················································································································4
Configuring static routing············································································································································ 6
Hardware compatibility····················································································································································6
Introduction ········································································································································································6
Static route ································································································································································6
Default route······························································································································································6
Static route configuration items·······························································································································6
Configuring a static route·················································································································································7
Configuring BFD for static routes·····································································································································8
BFD control mode·····················································································································································8
BFD echo mode ························································································································································9
Configuring static route FRR·········································································································································· 10
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 10
Configuration guidelines ······································································································································ 11
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 11
Displaying and maintaining static routes ···················································································································· 11
Static route configuration examples····························································································································· 11
Basic static route configuration example ············································································································ 11
Static route FRR configuration example ·············································································································· 13
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop)·········································································· 15
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop)······································································· 17
Configuring RIP ··························································································································································20
Hardware compatibility················································································································································· 20
Overview········································································································································································· 20
RIP route entries ····················································································································································· 20
RIP timers ································································································································································ 20
Routing loop prevention········································································································································ 21
RIP operation·························································································································································· 21
RIP versions ···························································································································································· 21
RIP message format ··············································································································································· 22
Supported RIP features·········································································································································· 23
Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 23
RIP configuration task list··············································································································································· 24
Configuring RIP basic functions ···································································································································· 24
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 24
Enabling RIP and a RIP interface ························································································································· 24
Configuring the interface behavior ····················································································································· 25
Configuring a RIP version····································································································································· 25
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Setting the DSCP value for RIP packets ··············································································································· 26
Configuring RIP route control········································································································································ 27
Configuring an additional routing metric ··········································································································· 27
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization·············································································································· 27
Disabling host route reception ····························································································································· 28
Advertising a default route ··································································································································· 29
Configuring inbound or outbound route filtering······························································································· 29
Configuring a priority for RIP······························································································································· 30
Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 30
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···························································································································· 31
Configuring RIP timers··········································································································································· 31
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse···································································································· 31
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ·························································································· 32
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages ·················································································· 32
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates············································································ 33
Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ········································································································ 33
Specifying a RIP neighbor ···································································································································· 33
Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding···························································································································· 34
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ············································································································ 34
Configuring RIP FRR ······················································································································································· 34
Configuring BFD for RIP················································································································································· 35
Single-hop echo detection mode ························································································································· 36
Bidirectional control detection mode··················································································································· 36
Displaying and maintaining RIP ··································································································································· 36
RIP configuration examples··········································································································································· 37
Configuring RIP version ········································································································································ 37
Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 38
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface························································································· 41
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route··································································································· 42
RIP FRR configuration example ···························································································································· 45
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection mode)·············································································· 46
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional control detection mode)······································································· 49
Troubleshooting RIP························································································································································ 53
No RIP updates received ······································································································································ 53
Route oscillation occurred ···································································································································· 53
Configuring OSPF ······················································································································································54
Hardware compatibility················································································································································· 54
Overview········································································································································································· 54
Basic concepts ······················································································································································· 54
Area based OSPF network partition ··················································································································· 56
Router types···························································································································································· 59
OSPF network classification ································································································································· 60
DR and BDR ··························································································································································· 61
OSPF packet formats············································································································································· 62
Supported features ················································································································································ 70
Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 71
OSPF configuration task list ·········································································································································· 71
Enabling OSPF ······························································································································································· 72
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 72
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 73
Configuring OSPF areas ··············································································································································· 74
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 74
Configuring a stub area ······································································································································· 74
Configuring an NSSA area·································································································································· 75
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Configuring a virtual link······································································································································ 75
Configuring OSPF network types ································································································································· 76
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 76
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface················································································· 76
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface ······················································································ 77
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface························································································ 77
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface ··························································································· 78
Configuring OSPF route control ··································································································································· 78
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 78
Configuring OSPF route summarization ············································································································· 79
Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ·········································································································· 80
Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering ················································································································· 80
Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ········································································································ 80
Configuring the maximum number of OSPF routes ··························································································· 81
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ·························································································· 81
Configuring OSPF preference······························································································································ 82
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ················································································································ 82
Advertising a host route········································································································································ 84
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks························································································································ 84
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 84
Configuring OSPF packet timers·························································································································· 84
Specifying LSA transmission delay ······················································································································ 85
Specifying SPF calculation interval······················································································································ 86
Specifying the LSA arrival interval······················································································································· 86
Specifying the LSA generation interval ··············································································································· 86
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets······································································ 87
Configuring stub routers ······································································································································· 87
Configuring OSPF authentication ························································································································ 88
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets········································································································ 88
Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ··········································································· 89
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583··············································································································· 89
Logging neighbor state changes·························································································································· 89
Configuring OSPF network management ··········································································································· 90
Enabling message logging··································································································································· 90
Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ············································································· 90
Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets··············································· 91
Configuring the LSU transmit rate························································································································ 91
Setting the DSCP value for OSPF packets··········································································································· 92
Enabling OSPF ISPF ·············································································································································· 92
Configuring OSPF FRR··················································································································································· 92
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart······························································································································ 94
Configuring the OSPF GR Restarter····················································································································· 94
Configuring the OSPF GR Helper························································································································ 95
Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart························································································································ 95
Configuring BFD for OSPF ············································································································································ 96
Configuring control packet bidirectional detection ··························································································· 96
Configuring echo packet single-hop detection··································································································· 96
Displaying and maintaining OSPF······························································································································· 96
OSPF configuration examples ······································································································································ 98
Configuring OSPF basic functions······················································································································· 98
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ··············································································································101
Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route·····························································································102
Configuring an OSPF stub area·························································································································105
Configuring an OSPF NSSA area·····················································································································107
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Configuring OSPF DR election···························································································································109
Configuring OSPF virtual links ···························································································································113
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart···················································································································115
Configuring route filtering ··································································································································118
Configuring OSPF FRR········································································································································120
Configuring BFD for OSPF ·································································································································122
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ·························································································································125
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ····································································································125
Incorrect routing information ······························································································································125
Configuring IS-IS ····················································································································································· 127
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································127
IS-IS overview ·······························································································································································127
Basic concepts ·····················································································································································127
IS-IS area ······························································································································································129
IS-IS network type ················································································································································131
IS-IS PDU format···················································································································································132
Supported IS-IS features······································································································································138
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································140
IS-IS configuration task list···········································································································································140
Configuring IS-IS basic functions ································································································································141
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································141
Enabling IS-IS·······················································································································································141
Configuring the IS level and circuit level ··········································································································142
Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P······················································································142
Configuring IS-IS routing information control············································································································143
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································143
Configuring IS-IS link cost···································································································································143
Specifying a priority for IS-IS ·····························································································································144
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ························································································145
Configuring IS-IS route summarization··············································································································145
Advertising a default route ·································································································································145
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································146
Configuring IS-IS route filtering··························································································································146
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··························································································································147
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks························································································································148
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································148
Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ·····································································148
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier····················································································································148
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface·······································································································149
Disabling an interface from sending or receiving IS-IS packets ·····································································149
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets···························································································149
Configuring LSP parameters·······························································································································150
Configuring SPF parameters ······························································································································152
Assigning a high priority to IS-IS routes············································································································152
Setting the LSDB overload bit·····························································································································153
Configuring system ID to host name mappings································································································153
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes·····························································································154
Enhancing IS-IS network security ································································································································155
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································155
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···························································································155
Configuring area authentication························································································································155
Configuring routing domain authentication······································································································156
Configuring IS-IS GR····················································································································································156
Configuring IS-IS NSR··················································································································································157
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Configuring IS-IS FRR ···················································································································································157
Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ···········································································································································159
Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ····························································································································159
Configuring BFD for IS-IS·············································································································································159
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ·······························································································································159
IS-IS configuration examples·······································································································································161
IS-IS basic configuration ·····································································································································161
DIS election configuration ··································································································································165
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································169
IS-IS Graceful Restart configuration example ···································································································173
IS-IS NSR configuration example·······················································································································174
IS-IS FRR configuration example ························································································································176
IS-IS authentication configuration example·······································································································178
Configuring BFD for IS-IS····································································································································181
Configuring BGP ····················································································································································· 184
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································184
BGP overview ·······························································································································································184
BGP messages formats········································································································································184
BGP path attributes ·············································································································································187
BGP route selection ·············································································································································191
BGP and IGP synchronization····························································································································193
Settlements for problems in large scale BGP networks ···················································································193
BGP GR ································································································································································196
MP-BGP·································································································································································197
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································197
BGP configuration task list ··········································································································································198
Configuring BGP basic functions································································································································199
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································199
Creating a BGP connection································································································································199
Specifying the source interface for TCP connections·······················································································200
Allowing establishment of EBGP connection to an indirectly connected peer or peer group·····················201
Controlling route generation·······································································································································201
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································201
Injecting a local network ····································································································································201
Configuring BGP route redistribution ················································································································202
Enabling default route redistribution into BGP ·································································································202
Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································203
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································203
Configuring BGP route summarization ·············································································································203
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group ·······················································································203
Configuring BGP route distribution/reception filtering policies ·····································································204
Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ·································································································206
Limiting prefixes received from a peer or peer group·····················································································206
Configuring BGP route dampening···················································································································207
Configuring a shortcut route·······························································································································207
Configuring BGP route attributes································································································································208
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································208
Specifying a preferred value for routes received·····························································································208
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ···········································································································208
Configuring the default local preference ··········································································································209
Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································209
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute················································································································211
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ···················································································································212
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks························································································································213
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Configuration prerequisites ································································································································213
Configuring the BGP keepalive interval and holdtime ····················································································214
Configuring the interval for sending the same update ····················································································214
Configuring BGP soft-reset··································································································································215
Enabling the BGP ORF capability······················································································································216
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································217
Setting the DSCP value for BGP packets···········································································································217
Enabling quick EBGP session reestablishment ·································································································218
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································218
Configuring BGP load balancing ······················································································································219
Forbidding session establishment with a peer or peer group ········································································219
Configuring a large scale BGP network····················································································································219
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································219
Configuring BGP peer groups ···························································································································219
Configuring BGP community······························································································································221
Configuring a BGP route reflector·····················································································································222
Configuring a BGP confederation ·····················································································································222
Configuring BGP GR ···················································································································································223
Enabling trap································································································································································224
Enabling logging of peer state changes····················································································································224
Configuring BFD for BGP ············································································································································224
Displaying and maintaining BGP·······························································································································225
Displaying BGP····················································································································································225
Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································226
Clearing BGP information ··································································································································227
BGP configuration examples ······································································································································227
BGP basic configuration example ·····················································································································227
BGP and IGP synchronization configuration example····················································································231
BGP load balancing configuration example ····································································································234
BGP community configuration example············································································································236
BGP route reflector configuration example·······································································································238
BGP confederation configuration example·······································································································240
BGP path selection configuration example·······································································································243
BGP GR configuration example·························································································································247
BFD for BGP configuration example ·················································································································248
Troubleshooting BGP ···················································································································································253
BGP peer relationship not established ··············································································································253
Configuring IPv6 static routing······························································································································· 254
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································254
Overview·······································································································································································254
IPv6 static routes features ············································································································································254
Default IPv6 route·························································································································································254
Configuring an IPv6 static route ·································································································································254
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes··········································································································255
IPv6 static routing configuration example ·················································································································255
Network requirements·········································································································································255
Configuration procedure ····································································································································256
Configuring RIPng ··················································································································································· 258
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································258
Introduction to RIPng····················································································································································258
RIPng working mechanism··································································································································258
RIPng packet format ············································································································································259
RIPng packet processing procedure ··················································································································260
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Protocols and standards ·····································································································································260
RIPng configuration task list ········································································································································260
Configuring RIPng basic functions······························································································································261
Configuring RIPng route control ·································································································································261
Configuring an additional routing metric ·········································································································261
Configuring RIPng route summarization ···········································································································262
Advertising a default route ·································································································································262
Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy·········································································································262
Configuring a priority for RIPng·························································································································263
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································263
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network·················································································································263
Configuring RIPng timers ····································································································································264
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse··································································································264
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·······························································································265
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ························································································265
Applying IPsec policies for RIPng ·······························································································································265
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································266
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································266
Configuration procedure ····································································································································266
Displaying and maintaining RIPng ·····························································································································266
RIPng configuration examples·····································································································································267
Configuring RIPng basic functions·····················································································································267
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································269
Configuring RIPng IPsec policies ·······················································································································272
Configuring OSPFv3··············································································································································· 275
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································275
Introduction to OSPFv3················································································································································275
OSPFv3 overview ················································································································································275
OSPFv3 packets···················································································································································275
OSPFv3 LSA types···············································································································································276
OSPFv3 timers ·····················································································································································276
OSPFv3 features supported································································································································277
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································277
OSPFv3 configuration task list ····································································································································277
Enabling OSPFv3 ·························································································································································278
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································278
Enabling OSPFv3 ················································································································································278
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ······················································································································279
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································279
Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ····················································································································279
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link···················································································································280
Configuring OSPFv3 network types···························································································································280
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································280
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface ··················································································280
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor·······································································································281
Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ·····································································································281
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································281
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ·······································································································281
Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering ····································································································282
Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ··································································································282
Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes ·········································································283
Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ····················································································································283
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································283
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks ·················································································································284
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Configuration prerequisites ································································································································284
Configuring OSPFv3 timers································································································································284
Configuring a DR priority for an interface········································································································285
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ·················································································································286
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets ·······························································286
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes·····························································································286
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ·············································································································································287
Configuring GR Restarter····································································································································287
Configuring GR Helper·······································································································································287
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3······································································································································288
Applying IPsec policies for OSPFv3···························································································································288
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3·························································································································290
OSPFv3 configuration examples ································································································································291
Configuring OSPFv3 areas ································································································································291
Configuring OSPFv3 DR election·······················································································································294
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································297
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ····································································································································300
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ·····························································································································302
Configuring OSPFv3 IPsec policies ···················································································································304
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ·····················································································································308
No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established································································································308
Incorrect routing information ······························································································································308
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS ············································································································································· 309
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································309
Introduction to IPv6 IS-IS··············································································································································309
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS basic functions························································································································309
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS routing information control ···································································································310
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ····································································································································311
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS MTR ·········································································································································311
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································311
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································312
Configuration procedure ····································································································································312
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS·······················································································································312
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ······························································································································313
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example·············································································································313
BFD for IPv6 IS-IS configuration example ·········································································································318
IPv6 IS-IS MTR configuration example ··············································································································320
Configuring IPv6 BGP············································································································································· 323
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································323
IPv6 BGP overview·······················································································································································323
IPv6 BGP configuration task list··································································································································323
Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ·······················································································································325
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································325
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································325
Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer·····························································································································325
Injecting a local IPv6 route·································································································································325
Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group····························································326
Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ·································································326
Allowing the establishment of an indirect EBGP connection ··········································································327
Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································327
Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ····································································327
Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes······························································································328
Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································328
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Configuration prerequisites ································································································································328
Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution········································································································328
Configuring IPv6 BGP route summarization·····································································································329
Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································329
Configuring outbound route filtering·················································································································330
Configuring inbound route filtering ···················································································································330
Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization····················································································331
Configuring route dampening····························································································································332
Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes ·······················································································································332
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································332
Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ····························332
Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································333
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ···················································································································333
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks ···············································································································334
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································335
Configuring IPv6 BGP timers······························································································································335
Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset·························································································································335
Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability ·············································································································336
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································337
Setting the DSCP value for IPv6 BGP packets ··································································································338
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ························································································338
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································338
Applying an IPsec policy to an IPv6 BGP peer or peer group·······································································339
Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network············································································································340
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································340
Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group·····················································································································340
Configuring IPv6 BGP community ·····················································································································341
Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector···········································································································342
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP····································································································································343
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP·······················································································································343
Displaying BGP····················································································································································343
Resetting IPv6 BGP connections·························································································································344
Clearing IPv6 BGP information··························································································································345
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ······························································································································345
IPv6 BGP basic configuration example·············································································································345
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example ······························································································347
IPv6 BGP IPsec policy configuration example··································································································348
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP···························································································································353
Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP configuration ···················································································································357
IPv6 BGP peer relationship not established······································································································357
Configuring routing policies··································································································································· 359
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································359
Introduction to routing policy ······································································································································359
Routing policy application··································································································································359
Routing policy implementation···························································································································359
Filters·····································································································································································359
Defining filters·······························································································································································361
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································361
Defining an IP prefix list······································································································································361
Defining an AS path list······································································································································362
Defining a community list ···································································································································362
Defining an extended community list ················································································································363
Configuring a routing policy·······································································································································363
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································363
x
Creating a routing policy ···································································································································363
Defining if-match clauses ····································································································································364
Defining apply clauses········································································································································365
Defining a continue clause ·································································································································366
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy·········································································································367
Routing policy configuration examples······················································································································368
Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution·····················································································368
Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution·····················································································370
Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes··················································································372
Troubleshooting routing policy configuration ···········································································································374
IPv4 routing information filtering failure············································································································374
IPv6 routing information filtering failure············································································································375
Configuring policy-based routing ·························································································································· 376
Hardware compatibility···············································································································································376
Introduction to PBR ·······················································································································································376
PBR modes····························································································································································376
Concepts·······························································································································································377
QoS mode····························································································································································377
Configuring PBR (using a PBR policy) ························································································································378
Defining a policy ·················································································································································378
Configuring local PBR ·········································································································································379
Configuring interface PBR ··································································································································379
PBR and track·······················································································································································380
Configuring PBR (using a QoS policy)·······················································································································380
Configuring a QoS policy ··································································································································380
Applying the QoS policy····································································································································381
Displaying and maintaining PBR configuration ········································································································382
PBR configuration (using a PBR policy) ·············································································································382
PBR configuration (using a QoS policy)············································································································382
PBR configuration examples········································································································································383
Configuring local PBR based on packet type···································································································383
Configuring interface PBR based on packet type ····························································································384
IPv4 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································386
IPv6 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································387
Configuring MCE ···················································································································································· 389
MCE overview ······························································································································································389
MPLS L3VPN overview········································································································································389
MPLS L3VPN concepts ········································································································································390
Multi-VPN-instance CE ········································································································································392
How MCE works ·················································································································································392
Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································393
Route exchange between an MCE and a VPN site·························································································393
Route exchange between an MCE and a PE ···································································································395
Configuring an MCE ···················································································································································395
Configuring VPN instances ································································································································395
Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································397
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································397
Configuring routing between MCE and VPN site····························································································398
Configuring routing between MCE and PE ······································································································403
Resetting BGP connections ··········································································································································407
Displaying and maintaining MCE······························································································································408
MCE configuration examples ·····································································································································409
Using OSPF to advertise VPN routes to the PE·································································································409
xi
Using BGP to advertise VPN routes to the PE···································································································414
Configuring IPv6 MCE············································································································································ 418
Overview·······································································································································································418
Configuring an IPv6 MCE ···········································································································································418
Configuring VPN instances ································································································································418
Configuring routing on an IPv6 MCE ························································································································420
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································420
Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and VPN site ···················································································421
Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and PE······························································································424
Resetting BGP connections ··········································································································································427
Displaying information about IPv6 MCE ···················································································································427
IPv6 MCE configuration examples ·····························································································································428
Using IPv6 ISIS to advertise VPN routes to the PE ···························································································428
Support and other resources ·································································································································· 435
Contacting HP ······························································································································································435
Subscription service ············································································································································435
Related information······················································································································································435
Documents····························································································································································435
Websites·······························································································································································435
Conventions ··································································································································································436
Index ········································································································································································ 438
1
IP routing basics
Hardware compatibility
The A5500 SI Switch Series does not support configuring Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces.
The A5500 SI Switch Series does not support VPN-related parameters.
The A5500 SI Switch Series does not support OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, or IPv6 IS-IS.
Overview
IP routing directs the forwarding of IP packets on routers based on a routing table. This book focuses on
unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing protocols, see IP Multicast
Configuration Guide.
The term "router" in this chapter refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.
The types of interfaces that appear in any figures other than the network diagrams for configuration
examples are for illustration only. Some of them might be unavailable on your switch.
The term "interface" in the routing features collectively refers to Layer 3 interfaces, including VLAN
interfaces and Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces. You can set an Ethernet port as a Layer 3 interface by using
the port link-mode route command (see Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide).
Routing table
A router maintains at least two routing tables: one global routing table and one forwarding information
base (FIB). The FIB table contains only the optimal routes, and the global routing table contains all routes.
The router uses the FIB table to forward packets. For more information about the FIB table, see Layer 3—IP
Services Configuration Guide.
Routes can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Categories of routes
Criterion Categories
Destination •Network route—Destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32 bits.
•Host route—Destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
•Direct route—Destination is directly connected.
•Indirect route—Destination is indirectly connected.
Origin
•Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an interface,
and is also called an "interface route."
•Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
•Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing protocol.
2
Static routes are easy to configure and require less system resources. They work well in small and stable
networks. In networks where topology changes may occur frequently, using a dynamic routing protocol
is better.
To display brief information about a routing table, use the display ip routing-table command:
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 Vlan11
2.2.2.0/24 Static 60 0 12.2.2.2 Vlan12
80.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 80.1.1.1 Vlan13
…
A route entry includes the following key items:
•Destination—IP address of the destination host or network.
•Mask—Mask length of the IP address.
•Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the one with the highest
preference is optimal.
•Cost—If multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest cost is
the optimal route.
•NextHop—Next hop.
•Interface—Output interface.
Dynamic routing protocols
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to topology
changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Compared with static routing, dynamic routing protocols require more resources, and are complicated to
configure.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified based on different criteria, as shown in Table 2:
Table 2 Dynamic routing protocols
Criterion Categories
Optional scope
•Interior gateway protocols (IGPs)—Work within an AS. Examples include RIP, OSPF,
and IS-IS.
•Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs)—Work between ASs. The most popular one is
BGP.
Routing algorithm
•Distance-vector protocols—RIP and BGP. BGP is also considered a path-vector
protocol.
•Link-state protocols—OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
•Unicast routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•Multicast routing protocols—PIM-SM and PIM-DM.
IP version
•IPv4 routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
•IPv6 routing protocols—RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and IPv6 IS-IS.
3
NOTE:
A
n AS refers to a
g
roup of routers sharin
g
the same routing policy and working under the same
administration.
Routing preference
Different routing protocols can find different routes to the same destination. However, not all of those
routes are optimal. For route selection, routing protocols, direct routes, and static routes are assigned
different preferences. The route with the highest preference is preferred.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can manually configure
preferences for any other route type. Each static route can be configured with a different preference. The
following table lists the types of routes and the default preferences. The smaller the preference value, the
higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and their default route preferences
Routing approach Preference
Direct route 0
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
Static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
A routing protocol can be configured with multiple equal-cost routes to the same destination. These routes
have the same preference and will all be used to accomplish load sharing if there is no route with a
higher preference available.
Static routing/IPv6 static routing, RIP/RIPng, OSPF/OSPFv3, BGP/IPv6 BGP, and IS-IS/IPv6 IS-IS
supports ECMP load sharing.
The load sharing function is available only on the A5500 EI Switch series.
Route backup
Route backup can improve network availability. Among multiple routes to the same destination, the route
with the highest preference is the main route and all others are backup routes.
4
The router forwards matching packets through the main route. When the main route fails, the route with
the highest preference among the backup routes is selected to forward packets. When the main route
recovers, the router uses it to forward packets.
Route recursion
To use a BGP route, static route (that is configured with a next hop but with no output interface), or RIP
route that has an indirectly-connected next hop, a router must perform route recursion to find the outgoing
interface to reach the next hop.
Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, do not need route recursion, because they obtain
directly-connected next hops through route calculation.
Route redistribution
Route redistribution enables routing protocols to learn route information from each other. A dynamic
routing protocol can redistribute routes from other protocols including direct routes and static routes. For
more information, see the respective chapters on those routing protocols in this configuration guide.
Displaying and maintaining a routing table
Task Command Remarks
Display information about the
routing table.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] [ verbose ] [ | { begin
|exclude |include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display information about routes
permitted by an IPv4 basic ACL.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] acl acl-number
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display information about routes to
the specified destination.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ip-address [ mask |
mask-length ] [ longer-match ] [ verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display information about routes
with destination addresses in the
specified range.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ip-address1 { mask |
mask-length } ip-address2 { mask |
mask-length } [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display routing information
permitted by an IPv4 prefix list.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ip-prefix
ip-prefix-name [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
5
Task Command Remarks
Display routes of a routing
protocol.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] protocol protocol
[ inactive | verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude
| include } regular-expression ] [ |{ begin
| exclude | include } regular-expression ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display statistics about the routing
table.
display ip routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] statistics [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Clear statistics for the routing table.
reset ip routing-table statistics protocol
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
{protocol |all }
Available in user view
Display IPv6 routing table
information.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] [ verbose ] [ |{ begin
| exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display routing information
permitted by an IPv6 ACL.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] acl acl6-number
[ verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude |
include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display routing information for a
specified destination IPv6 address.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-address
prefix-length [ longer-match ] [ verbose ]
[ |{ begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display IPv6 routing information
for an IPv6 address range.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-address1
prefix-length1 ipv6-address2
prefix-length2 [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display routing information
permitted by an IPv6 prefix list.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-prefix
ipv6-prefix-name [ verbose ] [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display IPv6 routing information of
a routing protocol.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] protocol protocol
[ inactive | verbose ] [ |{ begin | exclude
| include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Display IPv6 routing statistics.
display ipv6 routing-table [ vpn-instance
vpn-instance-name ] statistics [ |{ begin |
exclude | include } regular-expression ]
Available in any view
Clear specified IPv6 routing
statistics.
reset ipv6 routing-table statistics protocol
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
{ protocol |all }
Available in user view
6
Configuring static routing
Hardware compatibility
The A5500 SI Switch Series does not support VPN and BFD related parameters or FRR.
Introduction
Static route
Static routes are manually configured. If a network's topology is simple, you only need to configure static
routes for the network to work properly. The proper configuration and usage of static routes can improve
network performance and ensure bandwidth for important network applications.
Static routes cannot adapt to network topology changes. If a fault or a topological change occurs in the
network, the relevant routes will be unreachable and the network breaks. When this happens, the
network administrator must modify the static routes manually.
The term "router" in this chapter refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.
Default route
Without a default route, a packet that does not match any routing entries is discarded.
A default route is used to forward packets that do not match any routing entry. It can be configured in
either of the following ways:
•The network administrator can configure a default route with both the destination and mask being
0.0.0.0. The router forwards any packet whose destination address fails to match any entry in the
routing table to the next hop of the default static route.
•Some dynamic routing protocols, such as OSPF, RIP, and IS-IS, can also generate a default route.
For example, an upstream router running OSPF can generate a default route and advertise it to
other routers, which install the default route with the next hop being the upstream router.
Static route configuration items
Before you configure a static route, you must know the following concepts:
•Destination address and mask
In the ip route-static command, an IPv4 address is in dotted decimal notation. A mask can be
either in dotted decimal format or in the form of mask length—the number of consecutive 1s in the
mask.
•Output interface and next hop address
When you configure a static route, specify either the output interface, next hop address, or both
depending on the specific occasion. The next hop address cannot be a local interface IP address;
otherwise, the route configuration will not take effect.
Each route lookup operation has to find the next hop to resolve the destination link layer address.
7
Follow these guidelines when you specify the output interface:
{If the output interface is a Null 0 interface, no next hop address is required.
{If you specify a broadcast interface (such as an Ethernet interface or VLAN interface) as the
output interface, you must specify the corresponding next hop for the output interface.
•Other attributes
You can configure different priorities for different static routes so that route management policies
can be more flexible. For example, specifying the same priority for different routes to the same
destination enables load sharing, but specifying different priorities for these routes enables route
backup.
NOTE:
The load sharing function is available only on the A5500 EI Switch series.
Configuring a static route
Before you configure a static route, complete the following tasks:
•Configure the physical parameters for related interfaces.
•Configure the link-layer attributes for related interfaces.
•Configure the IP addresses for related interfaces.
Follow these guidelines when you configure a static route:
•The next hop address cannot be the IP address of a local interface (such as Ethernet interface and
VLAN interface). Otherwise, the static route does not take effect.
•If you do not specify the preference when you configure a static route, the default preference applies.
Reconfiguring the default preference applies only to newly created static routes.
•You can flexibly control static routes by configuring tag values and using the tag values in the
routing policy.
•If the destination IP address and mask are both configured as 0.0.0.0 with the ip route-static
command, then the route is the default route.
•For more information about track, see High Availability Configuration Guide.
To configure a static route:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
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