Hy-Gain AV-18VS User manual

hy-gaim
©
Model
AV-18VS
308
Industrial
Park
Road
10-80
Meter
Vertical
Antenna
Starkville, MS 39759 USA.
Ph: [phone] FAX: [phone]
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
General The Hy-Gain Model 18V-S is a trapless, vertical antenna which is manually tuned
Description to any band, 10 thru 80 meters, by a simple adjustment of the feed point on the
base inductor. It is designed to be fed with 50 ohm coax, and works efficiently for
DX or local contacts. It now features stainless steel hardware for all electrical and
most mechanical connections.
The antenna is self-supporting and can survive winds in excess of 80 mph. It is
highly portable and knocks down to an overall length of 5 feet.
WARNING
When installing your system, take extreme care to avoid
any accidental contact with power lines or overhead }
obstructions. Failure to exercise this care could result in |
serious or fatal injury.
Feedline Use 50 ohm coaxial cable (RG-213/u preferably) and attach to the antenna as
shown in Figures 2, 5 and 7. After attaching the coax, seal it from moisture using
Coax-Seal® or some similar substance.
: . { é a | AO -1935-B-003
15
ea -
MOUNT BASE INSULATOR 12 (FITS DOWN AND INSIDE
WITH HOLE TO THE SIDE, OF ITEM 10)
AS SHOWN
we et
Item
Koy —_ No. Description
ae pase Blaeret 11 (FITS OVER ITEM 12 AND
fos) ™~
bp a ee | 10 THROUGH THE TOP PLATE OF
nauctor insulator | _/ THE BASE BRACKET, ITEM 6)
g-— 16 12 Insulator
ae 15 Bolt, #10-24 x 1", hex head | |. 24 #10 SOLDER LUG ATTACHED
17 16 Lockwasher, #10, internal rT < TO COAX BRAID (WRAP BRAID
17 Nut, #10-24, hex me “WITH TAPE TO WEATHERPROOF
24 Solder Lug, #10 ring
Figure
1
27
Base
Insulator
17
®
Figure 2
Coax-Seal® is a registered trademark of Universal Electronics, Inc.
i
Revision ‘1.0

Assembly
Select the base bracket and the lower base insulator and install as shown in
Figure 1.
Select the two upper base insulators and the base inductor insulator strap and
install as shown in Figure 2.
NOTE: Coax braid must also be installed as shown.
AQ-1938-C-O001
we
item
No. Description
1 Tube, aluminum, M1, 1%” x 9”
2 Tube, aluminum, M2, 7/8" x 53%" 5
3 Tube, aluminum, M3, 3/4” x 53%" ae
4 Tube, aluminum, M4, 5/8" x 5314”
5 Tube, aluminum, M5, 7/16" x 54”
AS) Caplug, 7/16", black
18 (not used)
14 Screw, #10-24 x 3/8”, hex head ne
28 #4 Hose clamp < :
29 #6 Hose clamp
30 #10 Hose clamp
Section M2 has a hole drilled through ae
both walls, near each end. the end with
the hole 114” from the end fits inside NOTE: THIS ILLUSTRATION IS
section M1. IN SCALE IN LENGTH ONLY;
NOT IN WIDTH,
dl.
wv NN
RADIAL WIRES; IF REQUIRED i \Us!
ee
\
Figure 3 \ Z
20%

Select the M1 section of tubing (14") and place it over the top of the lower base
insulator. Align the hole in the base of the M1 section of tubing with the hole in the
lower base insulator as shown in Figure 3. Place a #10 (Item 14) screwin the hole
and tighten securely.
Select the M2 section (%" x 53%") and slip the smail hole end through the two
upper insulators (see Figure 2) intothe M1 section. Fasten with #10 hose clamp
(item 30) as shown in Figure 3.
Description
Inductor Coil
Clamp, 7/8"
Bolt, 1/4"-20 x 1”, hex head
Lockwasher, 1/4", internal
Nut, 1/4”-20, hex
U-Bolt, 5/16” x 1%” x 2%"
Lockwasher, 5/16", split
Nut, 5/16"-18, hex
Inductor Clip Assembly
MAST (not supplied)
AQ - 1938 -C-005
19
(20
26
COAXIAL CABLE (not supplied)
AN
J OONN
GROUND WIRE (not supplied) ATTACHED
21 TO U-BOLT
@
tp / |S
Aa
oh Wal : we
YAN, i Ai Kap
NZ) AY (A Bs
~
Figure 4
me

Operation
Select the M3 section (%" x 53%") and slip the end with the smallest hole into the
M2 section and fasten with #6 hose clamp (item29).
Select the M4 section (%" x 53%") and slip the end with the smallest hole into the
M3 section and fasten with #6 hose clamp (item 29).
Select the M5 section (/1s" x 54”) and slip the slotted end into M4 section. Fasten
with
#4
hose
clamp
(item
28).
|
Place a 7/16" caplug on the end of the antenna.
Now select the base inductor coll, me tuning clip and the short length of wire.
Install as shown in Figure 4.
NOTE: Coax center conductor must also be connected as shown in Figure 4.
Attach the top lead of the base inductor coil to the M2 section (just above the M1
section) as shown in Figure 4.
Attach the coax to your transmitter. Attach the tuning clip to the base inductor and
tighten it securely. The chart shows an approximate setting. When counting the
turns, count from the top-of the coil. The unused turns below the clip are
automatically shorted out to allow you to operate the antenna at full, legal power
output without overheating the base inductor with RF energy.
The chart on this page should be reasonably close, but due to different mounting
locations, different soil conductivity, and other variations in your individual
installation, the exact match is best determined by using an SWR bridge with your
transmitter and tapping for lowest SWR. The figures shown in the chart are for
ground mounting only. Due to the variations in the length of the ground wire, it is
impossible to provide a chart for elevated mounting.
NOTE: Count all turns indicated below as complete turns of the coil from the top.
NONE indicates attachment of tuning clip above turns of coil.
cae 10 Meter 15 Meter | 20 Meter | 30 Meter | 40 Meter | 80 Meter
ae NONE NONE a ev
NONE NONE 272
NOTE: Connect tuning clip right at clamp connection on the M2 section when
number of turns indicated is NONE.

Ground
Mounting
Drive
a
3
foot
piece
of
pipe
(such
as
1%”
plumbers
pipe)
into
the
ground
and
attach
the
antenna
as
shown
in
Figure 4.
Drive
an
8
foot
copper-clad
steel
ground
rod into
the
ground.
Attach
the
ground
rod
to
the
base
using
#10
wire.
Remember,
a
vertical
antenna
is
only
as
good
as
the
ground
system
it
is
working
over.
The
better
the
ground
system,
the
better
your
antenna
will
work.
If
difficulty
is
experienced,
try
adding
2
or
3
more
ground
rods
about
the
antenna
base
and
attach
each
with
a
separate
wire.
Radials
may
be
attached
to
the
ground
rods
for
increased
efficiency.
Elevated
Mounting
The
Model
18V-S
can
be
mounted
alongside
the
house
on
a
short
mast
or
ontop
of
the
roof
using
a
short
mast
section.
When
mounting
more
than
24”
above
the
ground,
you
must
use
a
radial
system
similar
to
that
shown
in
Figure
5.
This
radial
system
should
then
be
grounded
to
an
earth
ground by
the
shortest path
possible.
Do
not
change
the
mounting
point
of
the
base
inductor.
Mount
it
only
as
shown
in
this
manual.
CAUTION
Make certain none of the radial wires touch the inductor coil or damage to your
transmitter or antenna could occur.
AO-193S ~A-004
AQ-193S-A-006
RADIAL WIRES
(ARRANGE AT 90° INTERVALS)
GROUND ROD
(CONNECT TO 8’ GROUND
ROD BY SHORTEST PATH
POSSIBLE.)
/ Figure 5 Figure 6
Method of Attaching Radial Wires to Base Minimum Radial Configuration

Radials
Item
No.
The radials can be constructed of either copper or aluminum wire. The
recommended method of installing the radials is to attach them to the screws at
the bottom of the base assembly. The 33 foot dimension is measured from the
base assembly to the strain insulator, and is optimum for 40 meter operation only.
You may wish to add shorter or longer radials for other bands that you plan to
operate on.
WARNING
The antenna and radials are “hot with RF” proportional to |
the operating power. Be sure to keep out of the reach of
small children and pets.
Part No.
177963
173276
173274
173273
173272
160043
723267
872000
169339
455644
463056
478002
515852
526472
504069
565697
554071
502958
562961
554099
543792
564792
555747
678922
872817
877961
745-3104S
_ 745-3106S
745-3110S
PARTS LIST
Description
Tube, aluminum, M1, 1%" x QU oo ce cc ee eee
Tube: aluminum, M28" X5S 2" sscaees sAewasdda Sead wane een
Tube, aluminum, M3, %4" x 53¥" ooo. ee cee gige barat ae as
Tube, aluminum, M4, 5%" x 53" ooo cc cc ee ee ee eens
‘Tube, alominum,MS: ie 54.5 ce vue tae ee eebeaesaee wal
Bracket, base
Coil, inductor
PNG O 3 ules ack aad wed wntgeg eet cum a aigentia tet eee natn seu Ge G
Screw, #8 x 2", pan head, Type A, slotted ............0...
Screw, #10-24 x %", hex head, slotted................000-
Bolt, #10-24 x 1", hex head ..... 0... cece wee cece ewes
Lockwasher, #10, internal ...... 00.0.0... cece cee eee enue
Nite 10224 Nex earwdenwinkadicutuaies Sawa Ske ey eau Che
Bolt, 4-20: & 1 RexX Nead 2.486 jets Gath bw nee Oe ed eke
Lockwasher, “4”, internal .... 0.0... cee ccc eee ee eet ee aes
NU Sa 20 OR 28.2 3 hs ea uiboited Bin nine AM ee eons
WEEDON ie ee Kea tcc e oe i artewe tend sak Ou
Lockwashet. 776: Split cat Gees caw ed aeinonan sate auw bene
Nut, S/ig-18, DVSX dah Bencccee dias eleateneniet ed adh Bile ees ft eae sen tag’
Solder luge #0 FING ce h5 aad en eee aa Nee ae kaeleten wens
(Not Used)
INGUCTOR Clip aSSEMDIY s.255 ea econ nana peCawadebewaew on
WSHIALOL DAS Orisa yas cake LES a rd ch emntncu enn ceri Alay ls
HAY HIOS@ Claliip (358790) tee esherneh ation ee unneleee a tmtaealn
#6 Hose clamp (358756) oo....ccccccccceccccsecerseeeetseetteeeneenseens
#10 Flos: Clapit (358797) rcsieinda ecu manonrateadatetutonen
eS SY
Co
Parts Pack 18V-S, Stainless Steel
CS TANT sectarta a ae etcetera Shea ast a tn ley Nie Se roe epee eek 1
CapluO, ie A OlACK) % sures cate eke det ire ae ie ye
PIS UALOR PPO wate td cok tawa is nae ate wero we dadeaat betula ae
2

ADDENDUM
PHASED MULTI-BAND
VERTICALS for ADDITIONAL GAIN and
LOW ANGLE RADIATION
Pe
<= screen th eth et hee
SS ee
AV-18HT
AV-18VS/18AVT
AV-14AVQ
AV-12AVQ
The
following
Hy-Gain
verticals
are
well
adapted
for
the
phasing
arrangements
shown
in
this
reports.
MODEL 18HT-S HY-TOWER
The
18HT-S
is
a
multi-band
vertical
antenna
with
automatic
band
selection
of
10-80
meters
by
means
of
a
unique
stub
decoupling
system.
The
Hy-Tower
with
a
base
loading
coil
operates
efficiently
on
160
meters.
The
system
is
foolproof,
fed
directly
with
a
single
50
ohm
coax.
No
guys
are
required
for
the
24
feet
high,
self-supporting
tower.
The
top
mast
extends
the
height
to
50
feet.
Two
units
make
an
ideal
phased
array.
MODEL I8AVT/WB-S VERTICAL
The
18AVT/WB-S
is
a
multi-band
trap
vertical
for
10
through
80
meters.
It
is
completely
fac-
tory
pre-tuned
and
exhibits
an
extremely
low
angle
DX
radiation
pattern.
It
is
easy
to
as-
semble,
light
weight
which
one
man
can
install.
A
single
50
ohm
coaxial
feedline
is
required.
Two
or
three
13AVT/WB-S’s
make
an
excellent
phased
array.

MODEL 14AVQ/WB-S VERTICAL
The 14AVQ/WB-S is a self supporting multi-
band trap vertical for 10 through 40 meters and
is completely factory pre-tuned. It is the
world’s most popular ham antenna with an
overall height of 19 feet. The antenna is
thoroughly weatherproofed and has a low angle
DX radiation pattern. It may be ground
mounted or installed on "Roof Top" with a
radial system.
MODEL 12AVQ VERTICAL
The 12AVQ is a self supporting 13 1/2 foot
multi-band trap vertical for 10, 15 and 20
meters. Completely factory pre-tuned with
SWR of 2:1 or less with a low angle DX radia-
tion pattern. The antenna has a new fiberglass
impregnated styron base insulator. It may be
ground mounted with earth acting as the "image
antenna” or installed on the roof using a radial
system.
icieased suiviea on . 80 apa 40 meters iiss
created a need for an antenna with power gain
and directivity. Doublet and long wire antennas
are no longer effective due to increased QRM.
At these low frequencies, the radiation system
must be lengthy and height above ground is ex-
tremely important to obtain the "low" angle of
radiation needed for DX.
Beams are excellent, but require a large sup-
porting tower and "hefty" rotating system.
Inverted V dipoles and slopers require a large
tower and plenty of property.
The vertical "phased array", the answer for "DX"
on these frequencies combine gain, directivity
and low angle radiation, the three most impor-
tant DX factors in a communication
installation. The vertical is well known for its
low angle characteristics. When you combine
two identical verticals, properly spaced and
phased, the resultant is a concentrated low
angle of energy and a power gain. These anten-
nas can be so arranged to give a definite effect
on either one or two favorite bands or all band
coverage with some pattern compromise and
slight loss of gain.
The following data was experimentally derived
on the Telex/Hy-Gain test range. Due to the
many factors that vary and influence the perfor-
mance of an antenna, such as grounding and
close proximity of surrounding objects, etc.,
Telex/Hy-Gain cannot guarantee an installation
to perform or exhibit the same characteristics as
outlined in this report. However, many
Amateurs are now successfully using these ar-
rangements. Commercial broadcast stations
have been using a similar phasing arrangement
for years.
BI-DIRECTIONAL ARRA
(Four Quadrants)
Two identical vertical antennas can be installed
as a phased array. When excited by RF energy,
gain is achieved by control of the directional
pattern. This direction pattern control results in
added gain by sharpening lobe patterns and
concentrating the radiated energy at very low
angles. Signal flutter is reduced and reception
is vastly improved.
Phased arrays will reduce installation height re-
quirements and still maintain low angle
radiation.
Most effective spacing for a bi-directional array
is 1/2 wave length. When two verticals are ex-
cited in phase the radiation is broadside to the
plane of the verticals, offering substantial gain
and bi-directional characteristics. Side nulls
offer excellent signal cancellation to the un-
desired direction.

°
Y
“BROADSIDE” GAIN 3.86 dB
When excited "out of phase" these same verti-
cals can be made to give an "end fire” or
bi-directional pattern in the opposite direction
through the plane of the verticals. This then
nulls out signals in the opposite directions.
More gain is exhibited by the broadside pattern
over the "end fire" arrangement, but the "end
fire" arrangement offers a wider frontal pattern.
Both arrangements offer an excellent ad-
vantage over a single vertical since either
phasing combination exhibits noticeable signal
gain with side attenuation of undesired signals.
This added gain and low angle vertical direc-
tivity is the advantage of the phased array.
TRANSMITTER
When feedline "A" is the same length as feedline "B" the cur-
rents arrive at the base of each antenna at the same time,
giving the "inphase" broadside pattern.
“ENDFIRE” GAIN 2.3 dB
Phased verticals may be spaced either one
quarter wave or one half wave depending upon
gain and directional characteristics. The nulls
of the phased array are extremely sharp and
very pronounced. ‘Typical arrangements of
phased arrays and their electrical specifications
are illustrated below.
TRANSMITTER |
When
feedline
"A"
is
1/2"
wave
length
shorter
than
feediine
"B"
the
current
arrives
at antenna
"X"
1/2
wave
length
sooner
(180
degrees)
than
at
antenna
"Y"
giving
the
"out
of
phase"
end
fire
pattern.

i 66FT. tf
i
Lb
ll li
iL ll
Al WU
WU u
i (ANY EQUAL LENGTHS OF 50 OHM COAX i
tt til
all u
ul POLYFOAM 75 OHM COAX Wi
al a
a a
LW )
a al
as ay
Lt $16 L2
SSeeSeeerereeees BO ees
V Y, WAVE |' | 4%, WAVE ° Ww
we
50 OHM TRANSMISSION LINE,
POLYFOAM TYPE, ANY LENGTH
POLYFOAM 50 OHM
COAX, 48.750 FT.
DPDT SWITCH:
POSITION 1 - BROADSIDE
POSITION 2 - ENDFIRE
Figure 2.
Typical Installation Phased (2) 18 HT 40 Meters
7200 KHz Design Frequency
- 10-

CARDIOID ARRAY
(Uni-directional)
When two or three identical verticals are ex-
cited directly and fed 90 degrees out of phase
with a spacing of 1/4 wave length, a cardioid pat-
tern results. This pattern may be switched in
either direction. By inserting a 1/4 wave length
delay line the antenna will "fire" or be directive
to that particular element.
TWO VERTICALS
ae Y, ats
iit , WAVE f
ul il
ul il
tl atl
u i
ul ul
ul il
all iT
ul Ti
i H
al il
a ANY EQUAL LENGTHS OF 50 OHM COAX a
a al
a a
as he!
See
SWITCH
L1
V a °
‘* “\s 2 Y¥, WAVE, 500HM COAX
L3 AND L4 EQUAL L3
VY, WAVE, 75 0HM
CABLE
| 50 OHM TRANSMISSION LINE,
ANY LENGTH
Figure 3
Cardioid-Unidirectional With Two Selectable Directions
sie.

27142-K- O13
The
beam
pattern
for
two
1/4
wave
length
verti-
sae:
cals
will
be
approximately
120
degrees.
An
arrangement
of
three
switchable
verticals
gives
a
60
degree
pattern
in
six
selectable
directions.
TOP VIEW - 3 VERTICALS
B A C
i % WAVE R ¥, WAVE i
' { {
tl
tl
H]
Mi
ee
ul
MI
ul
u
lu
A
A
———___———_——— + — % WAVE ———_——_» ff
Wt
HW
tll
"
i
i
a
ul
u
a
nN
rn
it
‘1
a
sl
ul
Ly
wy
a
ase
L2
L1 L3
—
Ee
%, wee 7 ae WAVE
"Yn WAVE O OHM TRANSMISSION LINE,
Li,L2 &L3:
ALL EQUAL LENGTHS
OF 5O00OHM CABLE
O eo ©© ©
ODM ©-O OO
ANY LENGTH
Figure 4
360 Cardioid Arrangement
Pa oe

|
VSWR:
Exceptionally
low
SWR
is
present
phased
array.
If
phasing
lines
are
correctly
measured
and
the
terminal
impedance
of
each
antenna
is
very
close
to
50
Ohms:
Typical
SWR:
Broadside
1.2:1,
Endfire
1.4:1,
Cardioid
1.2:1.
The
1/4
and
1/2
wave
transformers,
identified
as
L3,
L4
and
LS
are
calculated
from
the
fol-
lowing
formula:
1/4 wave = 246000 x vel. factor
frequency (in KHz)
EXAMPLE:
1/4
wave
at
7200
KHz
=
246000
+
7200
=
34.16
polyfoam
line
velocity
factor
=
0.75
1/4 wave = 25.62 ft.
Multi-banding
is
easily
accomplished
by
choice
spacing
two
identical
verticals.
(refer
to
charts
A,B,
and
C
and
associated
Figures
1
through
5)
Switchable
1/4
wave
length
and
1/2
wave
length
phasing
cables
must
be
employed
for
each
band.
These
cables
can
be
placed
in
the
station
in
any
suitable
fashion
along
with
a
manual
switching
arrangement
or
relay
system.
vel. factor - reg. coax. 0.66
polyfoam 0.75
34.16
x .75
25.62
Consideration
must
be
given
to
the
fact
that
1/2
wave
spacing
(optional)
is
ideal
for
phasing.
When
multi-banding
with
close
and
wide
spac-
ing,
compromise
radiation
patterns
must
be
expected.
In
most
cases
a
choice
spacing
serves
3
bands
most
effectively
with
good
directional
characteristics,
added
gain
and
low
angle
per-
formance.
243%

Various antenna spacings may be selected from
charts A, B, and C, for single band, duo band or
multi-band arrangements. Associated radia-
tions patterns for a specific spacing is shown in
Figures 1 through 5 for each band.
If the 3/4 wave length patterns are not desirable,
a single vertical only can be switched in use to
obtain an omni-directional pattern.
The vertical antenna requires a minimum
amount of space. Ground mounted or elevated
arrays are easily installed.
Antenna placement and orientation is a most
important factor when planning maximum ef-
fectiveness is desired directions. Each vertical
should be installed in the clear relatively free of
surrounding objects in order to maintain its
design 50 Ohm terminal impedance.
Each antenna must be mounted at the same
height on or above ground and be so arranged
according to their radiation pattern to offer
desired directivity.
The phased array is primarily designed for long
range and DX communications. In cases where
close and medium distance contacts are
hampered by the array’s low angle characteris-
tics and a higher angle is required, switching
arrangements can select one vertical for this
coverage.
switches and connectors should be used when
splicing phasing lines. B&W multi-position,
single or multi-gang coaxial switches with Am-
phenol coaxial cable and "I" connectors are
recommended.
Actual fi
phased array results in doubling the receivers
sensitivity and offering up to 12 dB of signal in-
crease. An attenuation of up to 30 dB is
noticeable on the phased verticals with half
wave spacing. With quarter wave spacing, up to
20 dB cardioid, and 30 dB front-to-back at-
tenuation can be obtained.
"End Fire" directivity offers a larger area of
radiation at slightly reduced gain as compared
to the broadside arrangement. The “broad-
side” arrangement is recommended for
communications at greater distances whereas
the “endfire” arrangement would be so ar-
ranged to cover a larger area of
communications. Special attention to the coax
phasing line lengths and their proper placement
is of utmost importance.
_14-

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-~17-

-18-

fnag-09 008s LIMITED WARRANTY
hy-gain Warrants to the original owner of this product, if manufactured by hp-gain and
purchased from an authorized dealer or directly from hy-gain to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of 12 months for rotator products and 24 months
for antenna products from date of purchase provided the following terms of this warranty
are Satisfied.
1. The purchaser must retain the dated proof-of-purchase (bill of sale, canceled check,
credit card or money order receipt, etc.) describing the product to establish the validity
of the warranty claim and submit the original or machine reproduction of such proof-
of-purchase to Ay-gain at the time of warranty service. hy-gain shall have the
discretion to deny warranty without dated proof-of-purchase. Any evidence of
alteration, erasure, or forgery shall be cause to void any and all warranty terms
immediately.
2. hy-gain agrees to repair or replace at hy-gain’s option without charge to the original
owner any defective product under warranty, provided the product is returned postage
prepaid to hy-gain with a personal check, cashiers check, or money order for $8.00
covering postage and handling.
3. Under no circumstances is hy-gain liable for consequential damages to person or
property by the use of any hy-gain products.
4. Out-of-warranty Service: hy-gain will repair any out-of-warranty product provided
the unit is shipped prepaid. All repaired units will be shipped COD to the owner.
Repair charges will be added to the COD fee unless other arrangements are made.
5. This warranty is given in lieu of any other warranty expressed or implied.
6. hy-gain reserves the right to make changes or improvements in design or manufacture
without incurring any obligation to install such changes upon any of the products
previously manufactured.
7. All hy-gain products to be serviced in-warranty or out-of-warranty should be
addressed to hy-gain, 308 Industrial Park Road, Starkville,
Mississippi 39759, USA and must be accompanied by a letter describing the
problem in detail along with a copy of your dated proof-of-purchase.
8. This warranty gives you specific rights, and you may also have other rights which vary
from state to state. =
- 19-

_ ie
hy-gaimn
308 Industrial Park Road
Starkville, MS 39759 USA.
PH: 662-323-9538 FAX: [phone]
Made in U.S.A.