ImpulseRadar Raptor 45-Tx User manual

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User’s Manual
Raptor®45-Tx
May-2017

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 3
Regulatory information ................................................................................................................................. 3
General ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Information to users in the US .................................................................................................................. 3
Connectors .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Single-receiver........................................................................................................................................... 4
Normal survey ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Shared operation....................................................................................................................................... 5
Service & Support.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Specifications................................................................................................................................................. 6

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Introduction
The Raptor®45-Tx is an Ultra-Wide-Band transmitter intended to be used together with the
Raptor®45-Rx receiver for normal GPR-applications and, especially, for applications needing
variable Rx-Tx distances.
The nominal center frequency of this unit is 450MHz.
Regulatory information
General
In Europe, GPR-instruments are operated under the ETSI-standards and emission limits, in the US the
FCC-limits apply and in Canada the IC-limits apply. The Raptor®45-Tx meets all requirements for each of
these markets, although we have only certified it for the EC, FCC-certification is pending at the time of
this writing.
Common to all these regulations are that GPR-equipment should be used only by professionals and while
attending to strict rules for operation, including:
1) The UWB-transmitters should always be used in as proximity to ground, or the material under
investigation.
2) When not in use, the data collection should be stopped, and the units switched off.
3) The transmitters should not be directed upwards, only towards the investigation body.
Receivers from ImpulseRadar are passive digital devices, requiring no certifications (FCC part 15.103c).
Information to users in the US
Operation of this device is restricted to law enforcement, fire and rescue officials, scientific research
institutes, commercial mining companies and construction companies. Operation by any other party is a
violation of 47U.S.C.301 and could subject the operator to Serious legal penalties.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful Interferences and
2) This device must accept any interference Received. Including interference that may cause
undesired operation

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Connectors
The unit has 3 external connectors:
1) Power, 12V, 0.4A
2) Trig input 1, coaxial TTL-levels
3) Trig input 2, coaxial TTL-levels
Both trig inputs require some drive capabilities on the trig-unit end, by using receivers from
ImpulseRadar, proper drive current is guaranteed. If other trig devices are uses, please refer to further
information under the Operations section. Note that both trig inputs are identical, active high-signals on
both will cause the unit to output an impulse of electromagnetic energy, however, trigs must always be
separated by ate least 3.2us, stipulated by the maximum trig-rate.
Operation
Single-receiver
The unit is protected against water, however, it’s not water-proof, for this reason it should be protected
from direct exposure to rain.
When operated together with a Raptor®45-Rx receiver, proper operation is always guaranteed. If the
unit, for some reason, is connected to a function generator or other device capable of delivering trig-
signals, means of ensuring that the nominal trig-rate is not exceeded must be taken. The unit is designed,
and certified, for operation at 312.5kHz trig-rate, maximum. Higher trig-rates are likely to permanently
damage internal circuitry, and will in any case not give higher output power, since the internal circuitry
will not have time to charge between every trig event.
In normal operation, the unit is connected to power, 12V 0.4A, and one of the coaxial inputs are
connected to the trig output of the Raptor®-45 receiver, see figure 1 below.
Figure 1, A Raptor®45-Tx connected to a receiver.

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The coaxial cable connecting the unit to the receiver can be of any length, however, we have only tested
up to 10m, so far. Also, not that by using different length of trig cables the first arrival in the radargram
will move, downwards if longer cable is used, and upwards if shorter cables are used.
Normal survey
During normal surveying the combined package of receiver and transmitter is moved over the area of
investigation while the receiver controls data collection by means of an attached odometer wheel. Time-
controlled data collection including time stamping with GPS-time may also be used as well as manual
triggering.
Other survey methods include applications were only one of the units are moved, so called warr-surveys.
The primary purpose of these surveys is to gather information about material properties, such as
moisture content.
Another type of survey would be tomographic measurements, in which the transmitter and receiver are
placed on adjacent sides of the body under investigation. This application, as well as some others
described above, are highly specialized and are usually conducted by scientist only.
Shared operation
By using a second receiver and connect one of its trig outputs to the free trig input of the transmitter,
two receivers may share the same transmitter. For this to work, the two receivers must be
interconnected with a special cable, so that they do not trig the transmitter avertedly. Also, the receivers
must now be connected to the PC by means of an Ethernet switch, in order to gather data from both
simultaneously.
Note that shared operation can only be done with receivers from ImpulseRadar, as otherwise, the trig-
rate and separation in time of the trig signals may not be guaranteed.
Service & Support
Service and repair as well as applicatin support may be obtained from our head office in Sweden. Please
contact us at:
[e-mail]
Or call: [phone]
ImpulseRadar Sweden AB
Storgatan 78
SE-930 70 Malå
Sweden

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Specifications
Raptor®45-Tx specifications
Weight: 2.1[kg]
Size: 23x16.5x16[cm]
Power: 0.4A@12V
Temperature range: -20 - +60 degC
Center frequency: 450MHz
Compatibility: Raptor®45-Rx receivers