Itm Accutek III User manual

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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the ACCUTEK III Capacitive Discharge
IgnitionAnalyser. The ACCUTEK III works with most ignition systems
and their components to bring you reliable and accurate test information
on component integrity and function.
Listed below are some features of the ACCUTEK III analyser:
•Full ignition diagnosis - on both shielded and unshielded systems
•Microprocessor based - allowing full diagnostic flexibility.
•Backlit liquid crystal display simplifies operator use
•Compatible with Altronic®, Bosch®, Fairbanks Morse (Holley)®
and most other capacitive discharge ignition systems
•Rugged high impact case designed for field use
•High quality circuit design produces meaningful, reliable test data
•Low battery indicator with user replaceable cells (4 AA)
•Fully protected inputs and outputs
•Small, hand held design
The intention of this manual is to guide the user through a logical trou-
bleshooting procedure to determine the integrity of the ignition system
under test.
These trademarks are the registered
trademarks for their respective companies.
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NOTICE
The ACCUTEK III analyser and information in this document are sub-
ject to change in order to improve reliability, design, or function without
prior notice. Information or descriptions in this manual do not represent
a commitment on the part of this company.
In no event will Innovative Technical Solutions Inc. be liable for
direct, indirect, special or consequential damages arising out of the use
of these products or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of
such damages.
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted by any means
or in any form without the prior written permission of Innovative
Technical Solutions Inc.
CONTENTS
Section 1 Introduction
Section 2 Safety
Using the ACCUTEK III
Section 3 D.C. Power Supply
Section 4 Ignition Coils
Section 5 Secondary Leads and Extensions
Section 6 Wiring Harness
Section 7 LeakageTesting (primary wiring insulator integrity)
Section 8 Testing Instruments
Section 9 Peak Voltage
Section 10 Transfer
Section 11 Energy
Section 12 Missing Pulse
Section 13 Maintenance, Battery Replacement
Section 14 Warranty
Section 15 Ignition Coil Resistance Specifications
Section 16 Product Specifications
Section 17 Accessories
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SECTION 2
SAFETY
Please take the time to carefully read this users manual. It
will assist you in fully utilizing the features of the
ACCUTEK III in a safe and effective manner.
The ACCUTEK III has the potential to deliver high voltage
and can produce much higher voltages when connected to other devices
(eg. ignition coils).
This device utilizes storage capacitors and can hold a charge for an
extended period of time - even if the power switch is in the OFF posi-
tion.
This manual has been published for negative ground systems. Leads
must be reversed when testing positive ground systems.
Purge all fuel from the engine before performing any static engine tests.
As with any electrical device, caution must be observed when using this
product.
Multi-strike ignition systems must be operated in single strike mode
when testing with the ACCUTEK III.
DO NOT USE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
No tests should be performed with the ACCUTEK III unless the opera-
tor is fully capable of protecting himself from electrical shock.
Do not exceed the input or output specifications of the ACCUTEK III.
Should any assistance be required in the safe operation of the
ACCUTEK III, please contact:
INNOVATIVE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS INC.
7127 18 St. S.E. Calgary, Alberta T2C 1K2
Ph [phone] • Fax [phone]
www.intechnical.com
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USING THE ACCUTEK III
Section 3
D.C. Power Supply
Power supply stability can be detrimental to proper operation of any
D.C. powered equipment. Most manufacturers will supply a maximum
amount of power supply instability (referred to as peak to peak noise)
for their equipment. Exceeding these recommendations will result in
unpredictable operation and possible failure of the equipment.
D.C. power stability MUST be established before any other tests are
performed on an inoperative or erratic D.C. powered device such as
an ignition module.
DD..CC..PPoowweerrSSuuppppllyyNNooiisseeTTeesstt
•Please refer to the ignition manufacturer’s guidelines for min/max
D.C. levels and maximum peak to peak noise for the ignition sys-
tem that you are testing.
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Section 4
Ignition Coils
The ACCUTEK III is designed to test most industrial ignition coils by
discharging a storage capacitor at 1.0 Hz across the primary side of the
ignition coil. The voltage stored on this capacitor is user adjustable from
approximately 100 V.D.C. to approximately 350 V.D.C. This allows the
operator to evaluate the characteristics of most industrial ignition coils.
Ignition Coils - General Notes
When inspecting ignition coils, the ignition coil should be checked for
the following:
•Evidence of physical damage which could hinder the ignition coil
from performing in both its physical and environmental surround-
ings, eg. distorted case, cracked housing, damaged connector, dam-
aged threads, etc.
•Close evaluation of the primary connector, locating pin, connector
pins, connector threads, secondary threads, epoxy, teflon, or ceram-
ic insulator condition, secondary tower/spring, etc.
•Ignition coil manufacturers typically specify an operating temper-
ature of approx. 200 deg. F (93 deg. C) for ignition coils. Therefore
check ignition coil operating temperatures.
•If corona action (viewed as corrosive erosion) is present on the sec-
ondary tower, the corrosion must be removed and if damage has
occurred to the spring, it should be replaced. If the erosion has
damaged the secondary tower, the ignition coil should be replaced.
CAUTION REFER TO SECTION 2.
TTeessttiinnggIIggnniittiioonnCCooiillss
The following procedure on resistance testing applies to both shielded
and unshielded ignition coils.
4.1 Resistance Test
Ignition coil primary resistance tests are usually measured between ter-
minals “A” and “B” on a shielded ignition coil or (+) and (-) on an
unshielded ignition coil. Ignition coil secondary resistance is usually
measured from the secondary tower to the (-) or “B” terminal. If in
doubt please check with the ignition coil manufacturer.
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•Connect the ignition coil to the multi-meter/ohmmeter using the
appropriate cables and switch positions (refer to the manufacturer’s
operators manual for further instructions). The meter will now dis-
play the measured resistance. These results can be compared to
manufacturer’s data (section 15) to determine if the coil is within
specs.
VERY IMPORTANT, PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
The information below deals with negative ground systems. Always
observe ignition coil polarity before connecting the ACCUTEK III to
ignition coils.
4.2 Firing Unshielded ignition coils
Note: A shock hazard exists if the following procedure is not
followed carefully.
4.21 All tests must be performed in a nonhazardous area and on an
electrically conductive surface.
4.22 A lead from the ACCUTEK III “COMMON” output, igni-
tion coil negative, and one side of the spark gap, must be con-
nected to the conductive surface - this will ensure that the
spark energy will be able to return to the tester.
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4.23 Place the ignition coil on the conductive surface. Supply a
suitable spark gap for the ignition coil to fire (approximately
0.5”). Be sure to connect the ground side of the spark gap and
ignition coil negative terminal to the conductive surface.
KEEP ALL PARTS OF YOUR BODY AWAY
FROM THE IGNITION COIL WHEN YOU
ARE FIRING THE IGNITION COIL.
ALLOWING AN UNSHIELDED COIL TO FIRE AN
EXCESSIVELY LARGE GAP COULD SHOCK YOU AND
MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE IGNITION TESTER.
4.24 Place the TEST switch to the COIL/IGN position and place
the MEASUREMENT switch to the PEAKVOLTS position.
4.25 Turn the ACCUTEK III on and depress PUSH TO TEST
switch.
4.26 Set voltage to be delivered to the ignition coil by adjusting
the VOLT SET potentiometer.
DO NOT EXCEED IGNITION COIL
MANUFACTURER’S INPUT VOLTAGE
4.27 Connect the leads from the HV-TEST and COMMON out-
puts of the ACCUTEK III to the primary side of the ignition
coil while observing proper polarity.
4.28 Place the MEASUREMENT switch to the TRANSFER posi-
tion and depress the PUSH TO TEST switch.
The ignition coil should now be firing at 1.0 times per second across
the spark gap. The LCD will be displaying (in microseconds) how
long the ACCUTEK III is delivering energy to the ignition coil. This
LCD reading should be noted and compared against similar ignition
coils.
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When placed in the ENERGY position, a calculated value of pulse
amplitude and duration supplied to the ignition coil from the ACCUTEK
III will be displayed on the LCD (see ENERGY).
ENERGY and TRANSFER readings will increase as voltage supplied
to the ignition coil under test is increased.
Ignition coils with display readings above or below normal may also
have low or no secondary voltage output. If the operation of the ignition
coil is questionable, compare results to a known good ignition coil. If
tests are being performed on the engine, ensure that the area is non-haz-
ardous and that all the fuel has been purged from the engine. Disconnect
the wiring from the ignition source, consider the engine as the conduc-
tive surface and follow the above instructions (Refer to 4.21 to 4.28).
4.3 Testing Shielded Ignition Coils
Before proceeding, please perform resistance tests. (Refer to 4.1)
While there is a risk of electrical shock when firing a shielded ignition
coil, the high voltage generated by the ignition coil should go to ground
within the metal can surrounding the ignition coil.
DO NOT TEST COILS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS.
To minimize potential electrical shock, only test leads supplied by I.T.S.
should be used to test shielded and unshielded ignition coils.
•Place the ignition coil so that the secondary tower is at a comfort-
able viewing angle.
•Follow steps 4.21 to 4.28
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Note how the spark travels from the secondary tower to ground. In
many cases, when the ignition coil integrity has been compromised, the
spark will consistently go to ground through a hole or crack in the sec-
ondary insulating material which may be virtually impossible to see
under normal operation but becomes very evident in this type of test.
In other cases, there will be some foreign contaminant on the high volt-
age insulator allowing the secondary high voltage spark to “travel”
along the insulator with little or no resistance - allowing a portion of the
intended insulator to become partially or completely inefficient. These
problems may disappear with new plugs and light engine loads but tend
to resurface with increased ignition demands.
Typically, TRANSFER readings are very consistent when testing iden-
tical ignition coils (same manufacturer and model). TRANSFER read-
ings are usually between 20 to 50 microseconds for standard duration
coils and somewhat longer for long duration coils (due to the higher coil
primary resistance). ENERGY readings are a product of selected volt-
age and measured TRANSFER results.
An LCD display of “LLL” or a reading that is considerably lower than
that of other similar ignition coils could indicate a defective ignition
coil.
An LCD display of “HHH” or a reading higher than that of other
similar ignition coils could indicate high resistance or a defective
ignition coil.
When firing ignition coils, a displayed reading of HHH will force the
internal oscillator to shut down for safety precautions. Oscillator
output can be re-established by turning the TEST switch from the
COIL/IGN position to any other position and then returning it back
to the COIL/IGN position.
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Section 5.0
Secondary Leads and
Extensions
The most common failure of secondary leads is due to the cracking of the
high voltage insulating material covering the secondary lead. This gen-
erally occurs near the spark plug due to the high operating temperatures
and physical handling experienced there.
Testing Shielded Secondary Leads
The ACCUTEK III, in conjunction with a properly operating ignition
coil, can be used to test the integrity of the insulation in a shielded igni-
tion lead. Testing a shielded secondary lead is generally safe as the
spark path should return to ground through the shielded lead.As always,
caution must be exercised when performing high voltage tests.
To test the integrity of the shielded secondary lead, connect the shielded
secondary lead to a properly functioning ignition coil intended for use
with the secondary lead to be tested and fire the ignition coil (see 4.24
to 4.27). The spark should consistently be able to jump a reasonable gap
(approx. 0.25” to 0.75”). If it cannot jump the gap, the spark is probably
going to ground inside the shielded secondary lead and repairs to the
lead are required. If in doubt, compare results to a known good shielded
secondary lead.
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Testing Shielded Extensions
Many applications require the use of shielded or unshielded extensions.
This can occur when the spark plug resides deep in the “well” of a valve
cover. Shielded extensions can be tested in the same fashion as shielded
secondary leads.
Unshielded Secondaries:
Evaluating unshielded secondaries can usually be performed on the
engine as it is running by visual inspection. Replacement would be
required if voltage is seen “arcing” out of the secondary lead.
Unshielded Extensions:
Please contact I.T.S. for information on how to properly test unshielded
extensions (like those used with flange mounted coils).
Section 6
Wiring Harness
CHECK FOR AC AND DC VOLTAGES ON THE
DEVICE TO BE TESTED BEFORE CONTINUING.
Apoint to point check of the ignition harness should be performed using
an ohmmeter to confirm continuity and ensure that a low resistance path
exists between the ignition system and the ignition coils.
6.1 Continuity Testing
Resistance tests below will be performed with an ohmmeter set to the
appropriate range (refer to your manufacturer’s operating manual).
6.11 Ensure all ignition coils, shutdown lead and leads to ignition
source have been disconnected.
6.12 Determine the engine firing order and wiring pattern.
6.13 Place one lead of the ohmmeter to pin “A” from main the
connector of ignition harness and the other lead to its termi-
nation point (ie. “A” or “+” of cylinder #1 ignition coil).
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6.14 While referring to the ignition wiring diagram, check all con-
nections to determine that the ignition harness is wired prop-
erly and there is a low resistance path from the ignition
source to the intended ignition coil. In all cases, wiring from
the ignition source to the ignition coils should have minimal
resistance (near 0 ohms).
Ignition Harness Grounding (using ohmmeter)
Determine if the ignition harness is properly grounded by measuring the
resistance between the ignition harness and engine. On unshielded har-
nesses, there should be a minimum of two ground points per bank, ter-
minated at a clean and unpainted engine ground point. With shielded
harnesses, the grounding is typically done within the conduit. This con-
duit must also be grounded at two separate locations and a ground wire
should be attached from the ignition rail to a clean, unpainted, engine
ground. Measurements between the ignition coil (negative terminal) and
the engine block should be near zero (0) ohms.
6.2 Short Circuits
Disconnect all ignition coil primary wiring and place one lead of the
ohmmeter to a good engine ground. Check all the pins feeding the igni-
tion coils.Areading other than infinite resistance (open circuit) indicates
a short or partial short to ground that must be corrected. A LEAKAGE
test should also be performed at this time. (See Leakage Testing).
6.3 Ground Returns
Connect the negative lead of the ohmmeter to a good, clean engine
ground. Connect the positive lead to the ground return wire in your har-
ness at the ignition coils (typically “B” or “-”). Readings should be
approximately zero (0) ohms.
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Section 7
Leakage (Insulator Integrity Testing)
NOTE: It is very important to disconnect all connections to the ignition
source (eg. ignition generator or solid state module) and to the ignition
coils when performing the following tests. The ignition shut down lead
must also be disconnected at the ignition harness for the following tests.
The ACCUTEK III incorporates a high voltage source capable of sup-
plying from approximately 200 V.D.C. to approximately 900 V.D.C. to
the device under test. Low current output from the ACCUTEK III
reduces any danger to safe levels but contact with the high voltage out-
put should be avoided.
LEAKAGE TEST
The TEST switch in Leakage mode and MEASUREMENT switch in
PEAK VOLTS mode allows the user to select the voltage used for the
LEAKAGE test (approximately 200 to 900 volts). With the TEST
switch in LEAKAGE and the MEASUREMENT switch in any posi-
tion except PEAK, the behavior is as follows: The Accutek III turns
on the high voltage for 2 minutes in the LEAKAGE position once the
PUSH TO TEST switch is depressed. Any time the PUSH TO TEST
switch is pressed again, the 2 minute timer is restarted. Once the 2
minute timer expires, OFF is displayed and the high voltage oscillator
is turned off. Whenever the TEST is changed to any other switch
position, the 2 minute timer is immediately caused to expire and the
high voltage is turned off. A display reading of ‘----’ indicates no valid
measurement has been acquired and will change to show ‘OFF’ when
the 2 minute timer expires. While the 2 minute timer is not expired, the
value of the measured impedance is shown.
7.1 Leakage Testing Wiring Harnesses
The ACCUTEK III has the ability to generate a very high voltage
(approximately 900 V.D.C.) and can be used to test ignition harnesses by
determining if the wire insulation has failed or is failing and allowing
current to go to ground before it reaches its intended point.
7.11 Disconnect the shutdown lead, ignition source and all igni-
tion coils.
7.12 Set the TEST switch to the LEAKAGE position and the
MEASUREMENT switch to PEAK VOLTS.
7.13 Depress the PUSH TO TEST switch and set the voltage you
wish to test with by adjusting the VOLTAGE SET poten-
tiometer.
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7.14 Place the MEASUREMENT switch to the TRANSFER posi-
tion. Using the supplied test leads, connect the COMMON
(black) terminal of the ACCUTEK III to engine ground and
depressand hold the PUSH TO TEST switch.
7.15 From the HV-TEST output of the ACCUTEK III, use the sup-
plied positive (red) lead to individually contact each connection
on the main primary ignition harness connector except the
ground pin.Any reading other than 100 on the LCD display indi-
cates current flow to ground that should be corrected.
To determine what level of voltage the wiring insulation is able to withstand,
turn the VOLTAGE SET potentiometer counterclockwise (with the PUSH
TO TEST switch depressed) until the display shows 100.At this point, do not
touch the VOLTAGE SET potentiometer and turn the MEASUREMENT
switch to PEAK VOLTS. The reading displayed is the maximum D.C. volt-
age your wiring insulation can withstand. Should the wiring be unable to
carry 200 V.D.C., the ACCUTEK III will display a reading of less than 100.
Section 8
TESTING INSTRUMENTS
The ACCUTEK III provides a highly accurate, crystal controlled, 60 Hz
(approximately 100 to approximately 350 V.D.C.) source to ignition
powered instruments. This supplies power to the instrument under test
and in the case of tachometers, allows the user to determine tachometer
accuracy.
INSTRUMENT TEST
The TEST switch in INSTRUMENT mode allows the user to select the
voltage used for the INSTRUMENT test (approximately 100 to 350
volts). With the TEST switch in INSTRUMENT mode and the MEA-
SUREMENT switch in any positionexcept PEAK, the behavior is as
follows: The high voltage oscillatoris turned on for 2 minutes after the
PUSH TO TEST switch is depressed. Any time the PUSH TO TEST
switch is presed again, the 2 minute timer is restarted and the Accutek
III will operate as indicated in the operators manual. Once the 2
minute timer has expired, the LCD with display ‘OFF’. Whenever the
TEST switch is changed to any other position, the 2 minute timer is
immediately caused to expire and the high voltage oscillator is turned
off.
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8.1 Testing C.D. Powered Tachometers:
Do not exceed maximum input voltage
of the tachometer and observe proper polarity.
8.11 Place the TEST switch to the INSTRUMENT position and
the MEASUREMENT switch to PEAK VOLTS.
8.12 Set the output test voltage to be supplied to the tachometer
by adjusting the VOLTAGE SET potentiometer.
8.13 Place the MEASUREMENT switch to the MISSING
PULSE position. The ACCUTEK III will display “60” (Hz)
while the tachometer being tested should be functioning
and displaying a calibration R.P.M. on the tachometer.
Tachometers usually have a switch bank on the back which
determines the R.P.M. displayed for a given input frequency.
Verify that the displayed R.P.M. agrees with the manufactur-
er’s specs (at 60 Hz) for your switch setting. If the reading
disagrees with the manufacturer’s specs, recheck the switch
settings and input voltage before replacing the tachometer.
8.2 Testing other CD powered instruments:
Perform Step 8.11 to 8.13
In this case, the ACCUTEK III will only be providing power to the C.D.
powered instrument. The input signal (eg. thermocouple) to the device
under test must also be supplied to the instrument and must be verified
for proper operation as per instrument manufacturer’s instructions.
Devices that can be powered include most capacitive discharge powered
pyrometer heads, frequency counters, pressure indicators, timing indica-
tors and most other CD powered instruments.
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Section 9
PEAK VOLTAGE
MULTI-STRIKE IGNITION SYSTEMS MUST BE
OPERATED IN SINGLE STRIKE MODE
WHEN TESTING WITH THE ACCUTEK III.
NOTE: For the following tests, the “PUSH TO TEST”
switch is not depressed - (OFF)
This feature will display the primary peak voltage level generated by the
ignition source being tested. When testing ignition system peak voltage, the
test can be performed at the shutdown lead, ignition coil, primary wiring
terminal strip etc.
9.1 Place the TEST switch to the COIL/IGN position and the
MEASUREMENT switch to PEAK VOLTS.
9.2 While observing polarity, connect the leads from the HV-
TEST to the shutdown lead of the ignition system. The
ACCUTEK III will now be displaying the primary peak out-
put level being delivered from the ignition source. If it is safe
to do so, disconnect all devices connected to the shutdown
lead. If the measured primary voltage rises from the previous
reading, this could indicate excessive load on the ignition
source by one or more of the devices or instruments connect-
ed to the shutdown lead.
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Primary voltage can be tested at each individual primary lead at the
junction box. All readings should be relatively close in value. A sub-
stantial difference in one or more readings could indicate faulty wiring,
a defective ignition source, mismatched ignition, coils etc.
The most informative place to perform a primary voltage test would be as
close to the ignition coil as possible. This would ensure that you have taken
into account all wiring and connections from the ignition source to its ter-
mination point. This is easily accomplished in unshielded ignitions but
somewhat more complex with shielded systems. Innovative Technical
Solutions has developed a new adaptor that will allow easy access (24T-
ALT). With the engine running, the LCD will display the primary peak volt-
age being delivered to that ignition coil.
If it is felt that the ignition mag/module may be faulty, perform the following
checks before replacing the ignition supply. Verify that the ignition wiring and
all connections relating to the ignition system are in good condition. Also with
solid state systems, verify incoming signals and D.C. power to the ignition
module is correct. (See D.C. Power Supply)
Partial shorts in the wiring harness upstream or downstream of the test
point would result in lower than expected primary peak voltages. (Zero
if fully shorted.)
Resistance in the wiring harness upstream of the test-point would result
in lower than expected primary peak voltages. (Zero if fully open.)
Resistance in the wiring harness downstream of the test point would result in
higher that normal readings. This test should be made at the ignition coil if
possible.
The following tests will be performed with the “PUSH TO TEST”
switch depressed - (ON)
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With the PUSH TO TEST switch depressed and the MEASUREMENT
switch in the PEAK VOLTS mode, the ACCUTEK III will allow the
operator to set the output voltage being delivered to ignition coils,
instruments, high voltage test etc. The output voltage selected must
never exceed the input voltage specified by the manufacturer of the item
being tested. To supply the power to the item being tested, the
ACCUTEK III “TEST” switch must be moved to the TRANSFER or
ENERGY position and then depressing the PUSH TO TEST switch
output would be taken from HV-TEST (positive) and COMMON (neg-
ative).
NOTE: Output from the ACCUTEK III will be disabled if incoming pulses
are detected or if a low impedance load is not present across the HV-TEST
and COMMON outputs. The ACCUTEK III must be turned off and back on
to re-establish output capabilities. This feature has been included to provide
additional safety to the operator.
Section 10
TRANSFER
MULTI-STRIKE IGNITION SYSTEMS MUST
BE OPERATED IN SINGLE STRIKE MODE WHEN
TESTING WITH THE ACCUTEK III.
The ACCUTEK III has the ability to display a reading of how long (in
microseconds) the primary voltage pulse being supplied to the ignition
coil remained over 40 volts. Assuming identical (functional) ignition
coils are used in the ignition system under test, the ignition source
should see each ignition coil as an identical load and the ACCUTEK III
should display similar readings for each primary circuit being tested. If
there is a problem with any primary circuit of the ignition system,
TRANSFER readings to that circuit will not be consistent with readings
obtained from the other operational primary circuits. Steps to determine
which component is at fault must be taken.
Performing Transfer Test
10.1 Place the TEST switch to the COIL/IGN position and the
MEASUREMENT switch in the TRANSFER position.
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10.2 Connect the common lead from the ACCUTEK III to a good,
clean engine ground.
10.3 Connect the HV-TEST output to the point to be monitored
(i.e. ignition coil positive terminal, terminal strip, ignition
coil junction box, etc).
With the engine running the ACCUTEK III should be displaying in
microseconds how long the primary voltage associated with the point
being tested remains over 40 volts.
TRANSFER readings less than 5 microseconds will cause the ACCUTEK III
to display “LLL”. This reading usually indicates a short in the ignition system.
TRANSFER readings greater than 500 microseconds will cause the
ACCUTEK III to display “HHH”. This reading usually indicates an
open or high resistance path in the ignition system.
The most informative place to perform a TRANSFER test would be at each
ignition coil. This test is easily accomplished in unshielded ignitions but
somewhat more complex with shielded systems. Innovative Technical
Solutions has developed a new adaptor that will allow easy access (24T-
ALT). When testing unshielded systems, simply connect the positive lead
from HV-TEST to the positive primary ignition coil wire. Performing the test
at this point ensures that you are taking into account the ignition source and
all of the associated primary wiring. With the engine running, the LCD will
display the pulse duration of firing events being delivered to that ignition coil.
Compare this reading with results from all other primary leads. If you are test-
ing a shielded ignition system, connect to the junction box located closest to
the shielded ignition coil under test.
The TRANSFER test can also be performed on each individual primary lead
at the junction box. All readings should be relatively close in value. A sub-
stantial difference in one or more readings could indicate faulty wiring, defec-
tive ignition source, defective ignition coil etc.
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