Keithley 169 User manual

(Zif^
KEITH LEY
Model 169 Digital Multimeter
Instruction Manual
Contains Operating and Servicing Information
Publication Date: February 1989
Document Number: 30181 Rev. E

WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment; probes, ca
bles, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be
defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters
in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, trans
portation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, trans
portation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty
period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express
written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-
rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to
follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE
REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS
BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAM
AGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION,
LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
KEITHLEY
Keithley Instruments Division / Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road / Cleveland, Ohio 44139 / U. S. A. / [phone] / Telex: 98-5469 / Telefax: [phone]
WEST GERMANY: Keilhley Instruments GmbH / Heiglhofstr. 5 / Munchen 70 / 089-71002-0 / Telex: 52-12160 / Telefax: 089-7100259
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments, Ltd. / 1 Boulton Road / Reading, Berkshire RG 2 ONL / 0734-861287 / Telex: 847 047 / Telefax: 0734-863665
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments SARL / 3 Allee des Garays / B.P. 60 / 91124 Palaiseau / Z.I. / 1-6-0115 155 / Telex: 600 933 / Telefax- 1-6-0117726
Instruments BY / Avelingen West 49 / 4202 MS Gorinchem / P.O. Box 559 / 4200 AN Gorinchem / 01830-35333 / Telex: 24 684 / Telefax: 01830-30821
S>WI 1 ZhKLAND: Keithley Instruments SA / Knesbachstr. 4 / 8600 Dubendorf / 01-821-9444 / Telex: 828 472 / Telefax: 0222-315366
AUSTRIA Keithley Instruments GesmbH / Rosenhugelstrasse 12 / A-1120 Vienna / (0222) 84 65 48 / Telex: 131677 / Telefax: (0222) 84 35 97
ITALY: Keithley Instruments SRL / Viale S. Gimignano 4/A / 20146 Milano / 02-4120360 or 02-4156540 / Telefax: 02-4121249

KEITH LEY
INSTRUMENTS
Model 169 Digital Multimeter Addendum
INTRODUCTION
This addendum to the Model 169 Digital Multimeter Instruction Manual is being provided in order to supply
you with the latest information in the least possible time. Please incorporate this information into the manual
immediately.
Page 7-0; Replace Table 7-1 with the following:
Table 7-1. Model 1699 Parts List
Quantity Kelthley P/N Schematic Designation
1
DZ-62*
VR101
5
FU-13 F101 (3AG)
5 FU-48 F101 (5mm X 20mm)
1
IC-102*
U103
1
IC-226*
U104, U105
2
IC-227
U101
1
IC-228* U106
1
LSI-122* U102
1 R277-9M
R113
3 RF-28 CR101 thru GR104
2
RF-34
CR106,CR107
1
RF-39 GR105
1
RT-5
RT-101
1
TG-47 Q102
*Anti-Static Protection and Handling required. Refer to the Model 169
Instruction Manual for Special Procedures for Static-Sensitive Devices.
30181-E-1 / 6-90

KEITH LEY
INSTRUMENTS
Model 1766 Battery Ellmlnator
The Model 1766 Battery Eliminator permits the user to operate the 176 and 169 from line power. Eliminator
provides the necessary DC voltage to operate the 176 and 169. The Eliminator precludes the use of the battery
pack. Installation of the Model 1766 is described in the following steps.
NOTE
The following procedure is intended for qualified electronic maintenance
personnel only.
SAFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS
The symbol on the instnunent denotes that the user should refer to the operating instructions. In this
case refer to the packing list.
The K symbol on the instrument denotes that lOOOV or more may be present on the terminal(s).
The WARNING used in this packing list explains dangers that could result in personal injury or death.
The CAUTION in this packing list explains hazards that could damage the instrument.
WARNING
To prevent shock hazards, all test leads should be removed from the INPUT
terminals before removing the top cover. Also, unplug the Model 1766
when installing or servicing it.
1. Remove the top cover of the Model 176 or 169 by removing the 4 slotted screws that are on the bottom
cover.
2. If the battery pack is installed, remove it. Remove the existing spacers that are supporting the battery
pack. As previously mentioned, the use of the Model 1766 precludes the use of the battery pack.
3. Put the Model 1766 in place of the battery pack. The 1766 fits on the posts in the rear of the bottom case
(shown in Figure 1).
4. Cut out the specified section of the rear label which is shown m Figure 1. Place the Hne cord with the re
taining clip into the opening and secure.
If installation of the Model 1766 is for an earlier 169 retrofit, a rear panel label will need to be placed over
the existing label. There is a space cut out on the new label where the serial number can show through. Cut
through both labels where the line cord is to fit through with the retaining clip. Refer to Figure 2.
5. Connect the Model 1766 to the Models 176 or 169 as shown in Figure 1. Now reinstall the top cover.
6. Plug in the Model 176 into the line power.
The Model 1766 is capable of working properly from the line voltages of 105V to 250V at 50Hz or 60Hz.
The maximum power drain is lOVA.
PA-127Rev. C/7-90

Retaining
Clip
Supplied
Spacers
Model 1766
Battery Eliminator
Retaining Ciip
goes here.
Figure 1
LINE OPERATED MODEL
LINE RATING: SO «0Ht. lOS 2S0V. lOVI ■«!
INTERNAL LINE FUSE: l/JJ* SlOW OLOW
EXTERNAL CURRENT FUSE: H ■•■HOI ll#»
CAUTION ^
Keithley ln»trun>e\ti. Inc.
STANDARD MODEL
BATTERIES: I.SV C CEllS 10 >1001
EXTERNAL CURRENT FUSE: 20 ■OIHOl ilOW
SEE MANUAL FOR OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
MODEL 176 OMM S/N
Cut out so retaining clip and Line
Cord can come through.
Figure 2
PA-127Rev. C/7-90

Dl786o<E,.
ZONE
LTR.
ECO NO.
REVISION
DATE
A
c
HI62
CR203.'>.IV WAS Cfi202.9.IV (JQ^
fc -20-90
PI005
CR20Z
R202
lAAAA
IK
CR20I
N
-1-C20I
470
35V
:_PI006
JI006
^PI004
4PI004
OO NOT SCALK TMI8 ORAWtslO
I Clevaland. OMo 44t39
FRAC st1/«4
SURFACE MAX.
OATE(g-//-^<0
SCALE —'
PjO- 'Ml/
uss.
MOOCL NEXT ASSEMBt-Y QTV.
SCHEMATIC. PC-569
BATTERY ELIMINATOR
■^"^QA-C

KEITH LEY
INSTRUMENTS
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
[phone]
Telex: 98-5469 Telefax: 248-6168
Certificate of Calibration
Model—(.
In lo (j>
Serial No.
SoiS6?
Date
7-/;-9i
This notification serves to certify that the unit described above has been
inspected and tested in accordance with specifications published by Keithley
Instruments, Inc.
The accuracy and calibration of this instrument are traceable to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology through equipment which is cali
brated at planned intervals by comparison to certified standards maintained
in the laboratories of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Calibration of this instrument was performed to the NIST realization of the
new 1990 representation of the volt and ohm.
The reference standards which support this calibration are calibrated on a
schedule to maintain required accuracy level. Apphcable NIST Test Report
numbers are listed below:
DC Voltage: 238386
AC Voltage: 238764
Resistance: 728/246592
Temperature: 246568
Capacitance: 246592
Edward T. Kifer
Quality Assurance M
ager
PA-214 Rev. B

instruction Manual
Model 169
Digital Multimeter
©1979, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
Document Number 30181

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1-1
1-1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1-3. FEATURES 1-1
1-5. WARRANTY INFORMATION 1-2
1-7. CHANGE NOTICES 1-2
1-9. SAFETY SYMBOLS 1-2
1-11. SPECIFICATIONS 1-2
2. OPERATION 2-1
2-1. INTRODUCTION 2-1
2-3. UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2-1
2-5. PREPARATION FOR USE 2-1
2-6. Installation of Batteries, if required 2-1
2-7. CONTROLS, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS 2-1
2-8. Display 2-1
2-10. Front Panel Switches 2-2
2-12. Input Connections 2-2
2-14. Tilt Bail/Handle 2-4
2-16. INITIAL FUNCTIONAL CHECK 2-4
2-18. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-4
2-20. DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT 2-5
2-22. AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT 2-5
2-24. AC OR DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT 2-5
2-26. RESISTANCE (ft) MEASUREMENT 2-6
3. PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION 3-1
3-1. GENERAL 3-1
3-3. RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT 3-1
3-5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 3-1
3-7. PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION PROCEDURE 3-1
3-9. Initial Conditions 3-2
3-11. DC Volts Checkout 3-2
3-12. AC Volts Checkout 3-2
3-13. Resistance Checkout 3-3
3-14. DC Current Checkout 3-3
3-15. ANALYSIS 3-3
4. ACCESSORIES 4-1
4-1. GENERAL 4-1
4-3. MODEL 1600 HIGH VOLTAGE PROBE 4-1
4-5. MODEL 1651 50-AMPERE SHUNT 4-1
4-7. MODEL 1681 CLIP-ON TEST LEAD SET 4-1
4-9. MODEL 1682 RF PROBE 4-1
4-11. MODEL 1683 UNIVERSAL TEST LEAD KIT 4-2
4-13. MODEL 1684 CARRYING CASE 4-2
4-15. MODEL 1685 CLAMP-ON AC CURRENT PROBE 4-2
4-17. MODEL 1691 GENERAL PURPOSE TEST LEAD SET 4-2
4-19. MODEL 1699 SPARE PARTS KIT 4-2
4-21. MODELS 1010 and 1017 RACK MOUNTING KITS 4-2
5. THEORY OF OPERATION
5-1. GENERAL
5-3. OVERALL OPERATION 5-1
5-6. SIGNAL CONDITIONING 5-1
5-7. AC/DC Voltage Measurements 5-1
5-10. AC/DC Current Measurements 5-1
5-12. Resistance Measurements 5-2
5-14. A/D CONVERTER
n
11

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
SECTION PM.
5-16. DISPLAY CIRCUITS 5-2
5-18. REFERENCE SOURCE 5-3
5-20. LOW BATTERY DETECTOR 5-3
5-22. INPUT PROTECTION 5-3
5-24. Voltage Protection 5-3
5-27. Current Protection 5-3
5-29. Ohms Protection 5-3
6. MAINTENANCE 6-1
6-1. GENERAL 6-1
6-3. CALIBRATION 6-1
6-5. Recommended Calibration Equipment 6-1
6-7. Environmental Conditions 6-1
6-9. Case Cover Removal 6-1
6-11. Calibration Adjustment 6-1
6-14. TROUBLESHOOTING 6-2
6-16. Special Handling of Static Sensitive Devices 6-2
6-18. Power Supply 6-3
6-20. A/D Converter and Display Driver 6-3
6-22. AC Converter 6-3
6-24. Voltage Divider, Reference Source and Ohms Circuit 6-3
6-26. Current Circuitry 6-3
6-31. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY REPLACEMENT 6-4
6-33. BATTERY REPLACEMENT 6-9
6-35. CURRENT FUSE REPLACEMENT 6-9
7. REPLACEABLE PARTS 7-0
7-1. GENERAL 7-0
7-3. ORDERING INFORMATION 7-0
7-5. FACTORY SERVICE 7-0
7-7. SCHEMATIC 7-0
7-9. COMPONENTS LAYOUT 7-0
7-11. MODEL 1699 SPARE PARTS KIT 7-0
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE TITLE P^
1-1 Model 169 1-1
2-1 Installation of Batteries 2-0
2-2 Model 169 Front Panel Display 2-0
2-3 Operating Controls 2-3
4-1 High Voltage Probe and RF Probe 4-2
4-2 Current Probe and Current Shunt 4-3
4-3 Convenience Cable and Connectors 4-3
4-4 Carrying Case and Rack Mounting Kits 4-4
5-1 Model 169 DMM Overall Signal Flow Block Diagram 5-5
5-2 Simplified AC/DC Voltage Measurement 5-6
5-3 Simplified AC/DC Current Measurement 5-7
5-4 Simplified Resistance Measurement 5-8
6-1 Calibration Adjustment Location 6-2
6-2 LCD Assembly 6-4
6-3 Integrator Waveform 6-6
6-4 AC/DC Converter Waveform 6-7
6-5 Current Fuse Removal/Repl acement 6-9
7-1 Covers and Panels 7-4
m

MODEL 169
GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. The Model 169 is a rugged, low cost, battery-
operated digital multimeter that provides full
measurement capability for many general purpose
applications. It provides accurate readings from
lOOyV/digit to lOOOV on five dc and five ac voltage
ranges, lOOnA/digit to 2000mA (2 amperes) on five dc
and five ac current ranges, and lOOmfl/digit to 20
megohms on six resistance ranges. Ranges and
accuracy are listed in the Table of Specifications
on page 1-3.
cator (BAT). Appropriate decimal point and
minus sign (-) are also displayed, positive
polarity is implied.
The Model 169 is built rugged. The full bench-
size case is molded from impact-resistant and
flame-retardant plastic. Effective input pro
tection prevents damage on all functions.
Voltage ranges are protected up to 1400V peak,
resistance ranges to 300VRMS and current ranges
are protected by an externally accessible 2A
(250V) fuse.
1-3. FEATURES.
1-4. The Model 169 incorporates features that help
prevent instrument damage through customer abuse and
provide maximum instrument reliability, operator
safety and simplicity of operation. Some of these
features are:
• A 2000-count (3-1/2 digit) liquid crystal dis
play (LCD) with large 0.6" numerals, function
and range annunicators, and a low battery indi-
Pushbutton switches are color coded to the
front panel for quick and easy selection of
function and range. The decimal point is auto
matically positioned by the range pushbutton.
Annunciators on the display indicate the
selected function and range. Improper range
and function combinations are indicated by
contradicting function and/or range annuncia
tors appearing at the same time.
169 MULTIMETER
.m-' 200 iOOO
tOm 200m 2000m
2Qk 200k 2000k 20M
p-INPUT—-j
I
FIGURE 1-1. Model 169.
1-1

GENERAL INFORMATION
MODEL 169
The latest LSI technology and stable precision
components have been used in the Model 169 to
provide long term accuracy and minimize main
tenance. Only one calibration adjustment is
required, once a year. If alkaline batteries
are used, battery life can be the same as the
calibration cycle. Barring destructive misuse,
an MTBF of up to 20,000 hours can be expected.
1-7. CHANGE NOTICES.
1-
Improvements or changes to the instrument
which occur after printing of the Instruction Manual
will be explained on a Change Notice sheet attached
to the inside back cover.
1-9. SAFETY SYMBOLS.
• Automatic zeroing, automatic polarity and only
two input terminals simplify operation by
eliminating potentiometer zeroing and lead
changi ng.
• Optional accessories can be ordered to extend
the measurement capability of your Model 169.
Some of these are:
High Voltage Probe allows your DMM to measure
from lOOOV to 40kV dc.
High Frequency (RF) Probe allows your DMM to
measure from 0.25V to 30V rms ac over a fre
quency range of lOOkHz to lOOMHz.
Clamp-On AC Current Probe allows your DMM to
measure from zero to 200A rms ac.
50-Ampere Current Shunt allows your DMM to
measure from zero to BOA, ac and dc.
NOTE
Refer to Section 4 for more detailed
information on accessories.
1-5. WARRANTY INFORMATION.
1-6. The warranty is given on the inside front
cover of this Instruction Manual. If there is a
need to exercise the warranty, contact the Keithley
Representative in your area to determine the proper
action to be taken. Keithley maintains service
facilities in the United Kingdom and West Germany,
as well as in the United States. Check the inside
front cover of this manual for addresses.
1-10. Safety symbols used in this manual are as
fol lows:
A
IMPORTANT
The t • \ symbol can be found in various
places in this manual. Carefully read the
associated CAUTION statements with regard
to proper use and handling of the instru
ment. Damage to the instrument may occur
if these precautions are ignored.
X This ^ symbol can be found in various
places in this manual. This symbol indi
cates those areas on the instrument which
are potential shock hazards. Carefully
read the associated WARNING statements
with regard to proper use and handling of
the instrument. Serious personal injury
may result if these precautions are
i gnored.
1-11. SPECIFICATIONS.
1-12. Detailed specifications for the Model 169 are
given in Table 1-1.
1-2

MODEL 169
GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE 1-1.
Specifications
Model 169
DC VOLTAGE
RANGE RESOLUTION
RESISTANCE
ACCURACY {1 YEAR)
18°—28°C
200mV
2 V
20 V
200 V
1000 V
lOO^iV
ImV
lOmV
lOOmV
1 V
-(0.25% of reading + 1 digit)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: lOOOVDC, 1400V peak AC.
INPUT RESISTANCE: lOMSI.
NORMAL MODE REJECTION RATIO: Greater than 50dB at 50Hz,
60Hz.
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO: Greater than lOOdB at DC,
50Hz and 60Hz (IkSl unbalance, 500V).
AC VOLTAGE
RANGE
RESOLUTION
ACCURACY (1 YEAR)
18»—28°C
45Hz-lkH2 IkHz-SkHz
200mV
2 V
20 V
200 V
1000 V
lOOjrV
ImV
lOmV
lOOmV
1 V
±(1% rdg + 5d) ±(6% rdg + 7d)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: lOOOV rms, 1400V peak,
10'V»Hz, continuous except 200mV range: 350V continuous, 15
sec. maximum above 350V.
INPUT IMPEDANCE: lOMfl shunted by less than lOOpF.
RESPONSE: Average responding, calibrated in rms of a sinewave.
DC CURRENT
RANGE RESOLUTION
ACCURACY
(1 YEAR)
18°—28°C
MAXIMUM
VOLTAGE
BURDEN
200/iA
2mA
20mA
200mA
2000mA
lOOnA
1/iA
lO/iA
lOOfiA
1mA
±(0.75% rdg + Id)
0.25 V
0.2SV
0.25 V
0.3 V
0.7 V
OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 2A fuse (250V), externally accessible.
RANGE
RESOLUTION
ACCURACY
(1 YEAR)
18°—28°C
FULL SCALE
VOLTAGE
200 SI
2k n
20k SI
200k SI
2000k Si
20MS1
lOOmSI
1 Si
10 Si
100 Si
Ik Si
10k Si
±(0.3% rdg + 3d)
±(0.2% rdg + Id)
±(0.2% rdg + Id)
±(0.2% rdg + Id)
±(0.2% rdg + Id)
±(2.0% rdg + Id)
< 0.5V
< 0.5V
> 0.7V
> 0.7V
> 0.7V
> 0.7V
MAXIMUM OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE: 1.5V except 2001) range:
3.5V.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 300V DC or rms.
GENERAL
DISPLAY: 3V2-digit LCD, 0.6" numeral height, with polarity, range
and function indicators.
OVERRANGE INDICATION: 3 least significant digits blanked.
MAXIMUM COMMON MODE VOLTAGE: 1400V peak.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT: 0° to 50°C; less than 80% RH up to
35 °C, less than 70% RH from 35° to 50 °C.
STORAGE ENVIRONMENT: -35° to 60 °C.
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°-18°C and 28°-50°C): Less
than 0.1 X applicable accuracy specification, per °C.
POWER: Six 1.5V "C" cells.
BATTERY LIFE: 1000 hours typical with carbon zinc cells; 20(X) hours
with alkaline cells.
BATTERY INDICATOR: Display indicates "BAT" when less than 5%
of life remains.
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT: 85mm high X 235mm wide X 275mm
deep (SVz" X 9Vi" X 10%"). Net weight 1.4kg (3 lbs.).
ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE:
1691 General Purpose Test Lead Set
1699 Spare Parts Kit to Maintain 10 169's for 1 Year
1600 High Voltage Probe
1651 50-Ampere Shunt
1681 Clip-On Test Lead Set
1682 RF Probe
1683 Universal Test Lead Kit
1684 Hard Shell Carrying Case
1685 Clamp-On Current Probe
AC CURRENT
RANGE RESOLUTION
ACCURACY
(1 YEAR)
18°—28°C
(45Hz-lkHz)
MAXIMUM
VOLTAGE
BURDEN
200/iA
2mA
20mA
200mA
2(XX)mA
lOOnA
1/iA
lO/iA
lOO/iA
1mA
±(1.5% rdg + 5d)
0.25V rms
0.25V rms
0.25V rms
0.3 V rms
0.7 V rms
OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 2A fuse (250V), externally accessible.
1-3

OPERATION
MODEL 169
BATTERY
CLIP
BATTERY
HaOER &
6 "C" CELLS
CALIBRATION
ADJUSTMENT
R10I
SPACERS (2)
03
169-0037-B
FIGURE 2-1. Installation of Batteries.
NEGATIVE
DISPLAYED,
POSITIVE
IMPLIED WHEN
MINUS (-) OFF
LOW
BATTERY
Z
-r
MILL I (10"^)
AC DISPLAYED,
DC IMPLIED
ri ooo
mA
MM
kft-
MICRO (10"^)
. AMPERES
•MEGA (10^)
OHMS
3-1/2 DIGITS
WITH DECIMAL
POI NT
VOLTS ^KILO (10^)
FIGURE 2-2. Model 169 Front Panel Display.
2-0

MODEL 169
OPERATION
SECTION 2. OPERATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
NOTE
2-2. This section provides information needed for
incoming inspection, preparation for use and opera
tion of the Model 169 and its accessories.
2-3. UNPACKING AND INSPECTION.
2-4. The Model 169 was carefully inspected, both
mechanically and electrically before shipment. Upon
receiving the Model 169, unpack all items from the
shipping container and check for any obvious damage
which may have occured during transit. Report any
damages to the shipping agent. Retain and use the
original packaging materials if reshipment is re
quired. The following items are shipped with all
Model 169 orders:
a. Model 169 DMM
b. Six carbon zinc "C" cells (may be shipped
installed in the DMM in some units).
c. A copy of this Manual.
d. Separate optional accessories, as ordered.
2-5. PREPARATION FOR USE.
2-6. Installation of Batteries, if required.
WARNING
To prevent a shock hazard, all test leads
should be removed from the INPUT terminals
before removing the instrument top cover.
a. Turn the DMM bottom side-up and loosen the
four screws in the bottom cover until the threads
are not engaged. NOTE: The screws are not retained
and they will fall out when the instrument is re
turned to its normal position.
b. Hold the top and bottom cover together to
prevent their separation and turn the DMM cover to
normal position. Lift off the top cover.
Carbon-zinc batteries are supplied. These
batteries will operate your DMM for ap
proximately 1000 hours. If it is desired
to change batteries only once a year when
calibration is required, alkaline cells
may be substituted. These cells will pro
vide approximately 2000 hours of opera
tion. In either case, the low battery
indicator will automatically come on with
approximately 5% of battery life remaining
(20 hours for carbon-zinc and 40 hours for
alkaline eel 1s).
c. Install the batteries in the holder as shown
in Figure 2-1.
d. Press the battery clip onto the terminals of
the battery holder; then position battery holder on
the two spacers as illustrated.
e. Reinstall the top cover.
f. After the batteries are installed, you should
become familiar with the Model 169 by reading the
section titled Controls, Indicators and Connectors
(Paragraph 2-7); then perform the Initial Functional
Check (Paragraph 2-16).
2-7. CONTROLS, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS.
2-8. Display.
2-9. The operating status of the Model 169 is con
tinuously provided by the 3-1/2 digit (2000 count)
liquid crystal display located on the front panel.
In addition to the digitized input signal, with
appropriate decimal point and polarity, the display
provides indications of the selected function and
range, battery condition and overrange. All indica
tors on the display are shown in Figure 2-2 and
described as follows.
2-1

OPERATION
MODEL 169
a. Numerals. Large 0.6" numerals display up to a
maximum of 1999 counts. Leading zero is only sup
pressed for most significant (1/2) digit.
b. Decimal Point. The decimal point is indicated
in three positions and implied when behind the least
significant digit. The decimal point is properly
positioned when a range pushbutton is pressed.
c. Overrange. A "1" followed by three blanked
digits is displayed as an overrange indication for
all ranges and functions, except the 1000 volt
ranges which read beyond their maximum allowable
input voltages. The minus sign and a decimal point
may also be displayed, if appropriate.
d. Polarity. For dc measurements the minus sign
(-) is displayed, positive is implied. The minus
sign may flash on any function at zero since it is
not suppressed. It is also normal for it to flash
in ohms while the instrument is recovering from
overrange.
e. Low Battery Indication. BAT is displayed when
approximately 5% of battery life remains. This
indicates that the batteries should be replaced,
however the Model 169 will continue to operate pro
perly for 40 hours if alkaline cells are installed,
or 20 hours if carbon-zinc cells are installed.
f. Function and Range Annunciators. These indi
cators provide a continuous display of the selected
function and range, and allow direct reading of the
display. For example; a displayed half-scale ac
current on the highest current range would read AC
1000mA.
NOTE
Extended exposure of the liquid crystal
display to direct sunlight, or high tem
perature and high humidity conditions can
cause the display to temporarily blacken.
Also, the display may become sluggish if
exposed to extremely cold temperatures.
Even though recovery occurs at normal
operating temperatures, these conditions
should be avoided for maximum display
1 ife.
2-10. Front Panel Switches.
2-11. Control of the Model 169 is provided by
eleven pushbutton switches which are color coordi
nated to the front panel. These switches are shown
in Figure 2-3 and described as follows.
a. ON/OFF Pushbutton. Push on - push off switch
that, when in, applies power to the OMM.
b. Function Pushbuttons. The four function push
buttons provide selection of the five functions of
the Model 169. AC/OC is a push on - push off switch
that selects whether the function is ac or dc, in
for ac or out for dc. When ac is selected, the AC
annunciator is on. When the annunciator is off, dc
is implied. The AC/OC pushbutton is not effective
when ohms (n) is selected. The V, A and f! push
buttons are push-on switches that select volts,
amperes and ohms, respectively. Pressing one of
these pushbuttons all the way in selects the new
function, turns on the proper annunciator and can
cels the previously selected function. Note that it
is possible, by forcing, to push two pushbuttons in
at the same time. This will be evidenced by con
flicting range/function annunciators appearing, and
the unwanted function can be canceled by pressing
the desired function pushbutton again.
c. Range Pushbuttons. The six range pushbuttons
are push-on switches which select the new range and
cancel the previous one. The decimal point is posi
tioned and the appropriate annunciator is turned on
when the range is selected. The 20M pushbutton is
only used for ohms function. If it is inadvertently
selected with volts or current, contradicting annun
ciators will appear.
2-12. Input Connections.
2-13. Two banana jacks provide the input connec
tions to the Model 169. The HI (red) jack is the
high impedance input and is normally connected to
the point in the test circuit most removed from sig
nal or earth ground. The LO (black) jack is the
common or low input.
2-2

MODEL 169
OPERATION
TABLE 2-1
Initial Function Check
SELECTION
DMM
DISPLAY
STEP FUNCTION
RANGE INPUT READING
REMARKS
1
Open
000 Power on, all other switches out. (-) may flash.
2
ACV 200mV Shorted 00.0 ACmV
3 DCV 200mV
Shorted
00.0 mV
4 A and n* 2k Open .100 mAkfi
Display reads 2mA current shunt on 2kfi range.
Checks current fuse.
5 A and a* 200n and Open 1.00.0 uAO
Display reads 2mA current shunt on 200n range.
2mA (approx. lOOn)
6 A and fi * 200O and Open
1.0.0 uAO Display reads 20mA current shunt on 200fi range.
20mA
(ion)
7 a 20M Shorted
0.00 M£J
8 SI 2000k Shorted 000 kn
9 Si 2000k Open 1 kn
Overrange indication, leading 1 with all other
digits blanked.
*Press both pushbuttons sinultaneously.
PaARITY (NEGATIVE IS INDICATED, POSITVE IS IMPLIED
WHEN MINUS {-) DISPLAY IS OFF.)
TILT
BAIL
:z:
IKEITHLEYI 169 M>j«:4lMETER
OO C»mA
I J J.J
D D
D
200m 2 20 200 1000
D
200n 2m 20m 200m 2000m
0 200 2k 2Qk 200k 2000k 20M
GIDDDDDD
lOOV
VIAX I
£
® SET POWER ON ©SELECT FUNCTION
d) SELECT
RANGE
@ CONNECT
SOURCE
FIGURE 2-3. Operating Controls.
2-3

OPERATION
MODEL 169
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock and/or instru
ment damage, do not connect the LO input
to any source of more than 1400 volts
(peak) above earth ground.
2-14. Tilt Bail/Handle.
2-18. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.
2-19. The basic operating instructions for the
Model 169 DMM are outlined below. In addition,
there are individual instructions provided in this
section which describe how to make specific function
measurements. Refer to Figure 2-3 and operate the
DMM as follows.
A
CAUTION
2-15. The 16 position tilt bail/handle allows you
to position the instrument for the best viewing
angle of the display.
Do not exceed the maximum input limits
given in Table 2-2.
2-16. INITIAL FUNCTIONAL CHECK.
2-17. Now that the batteries are installed and you
have become familiar with your DMM, the initial
checkout procedure given in Table 2-1 should be per
formed. This procedure provides a quick and easy
functional check of the DMM. Only test leads are
required. The check is designed to cause all annun
ciators to appear, except for low battery (BAT).
All decimal point locations are checked. All digit
segments are checked, except for the horizontal cen
ter segment on the last three digits. Since the
minus sign (-) is not suppressed on any function, it
should periodically flash on one or more of the
functions at zero with the input shorted. By
selecting two functions and/or ranges in the test,
the current fuse is checked and a rough indication
of the condition of the respective current shunt and
range resistor is obtained. However, this test is
not intended to check the DMM accuracy, and thus,
the indicated readings in the table are nominal with
±5 digits allowed. If it is desired to check the
DMM accuracy specifications, perform the Performance
Verification, Section 3. The Initial Functional
Check is begun with power on and all other push
buttons out. To obtain this condition it may be
necessary to press unselected function and range
pushbuttons slightly to cancel previous selections.
After completing the functional check, operate the
Model 169 in accordance with the Operating Instruc
tions beginning with Paragraph 2-18.
a. Turn on power by depressing the ON/OFF push
button. If the instrument is within 18-28°C, it is
useable immediately to rated accuracy. If the
ambient temperature is within 18-28°C range, but the
DMM has been subjected to temperature extremes, up
to 1 hour may be required to obtain rated accuracy.
b. Select the function with the AC/DC, V, A or n
pushbuttons.
c. Select the range by depressing the appropriate
range pushbutton.
d. Connect the source to the INPUT jacks and make
the measurement. Accessories described in Section 4
should be used as required.
TABLE 2-2
Summary of Maximum Inputs
FUNCTION RANGE
MAXIMUM
INPUT
DCV
ALL lOOOV DC, 1400V Peak AC
ACV 200mV
350V rms continuous, 15
sec. maximum above 350V
2V-1000V lOOOV rms, 1400 peak,
lOSvHz
ACA, OCA
ALL 2A, 250V DC or rms (fuse
protected)
n
ALL 300V DC or rms
2-4

MODEL 169
OPERATION
2-20. DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT.
2-21. The Model 169 reads dc voltage from lOOpV/
digit to 1000 volts. The maximum displayed reading
is 1999 with appropriate decimal point. Polarity is
automatically sensed and the minus sign (-) will be
displayed, if applicable. Overrange is indicated by
a "1" and three blanked digits, except on the lOOOV
range. On the lOOOV range, the display can read
beyond the maximum allowable input voltage. Maximum
allowable input: lOOOV dc, 1400 peak ac. Use the
Model 169 to measure dc voltage as follows:
A
CAUTION
Do not exceed the maximum allowable input
voltage. Instrument damage may occur.
A
CAUTION
Do not exceed the maximum allowable input
voltage. Instrument damage may occur.
a. Turn on power with the ON/OFF pushbutton;
select ac volts with the V and AC/DC pushbuttons.
b. Select the range from the five ranges avail
able. The decimal point is positioned by the range
pushbuttons. The "m" annunciator will appear if
200mV range selected.
c. Connect the signal to be measured between the
INPUT HI and LO jacks; observe the voltage reading
on the display.
a. Turn on power with the ON/OFF pushbutton;
select dc volts with the V and AC/DC pushbuttons.
The "V" annunciator should appear.
b. Select the range from the five ranges avail
able. The decimal point is positioned by the range
pushbutton. The "m" annunciator will appear if
200mV range is selected.
c. Connect the signal to be measured between the
INPUT HI and LO jacks; observe the voltage reading
on the display.
2-22. AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT.
2-23. The Model 169 reads ac voltages from lOOuV/
digit to 1000 volts. The instrument is average
responding, calibrated to read the root mean square
value of a sine wave within a frequency of 45Hz to
5kHz. The maximum reading is 1999 with appropriate
decimal point. Overrange is indicated by a "1" fol
lowed by three blanked digits, except on the lOOOV
range. On the lOOOV range, the instrument can read
beyond the maximum allowable input voltage. Maximum
allowable input voltage: lOOOV rms, 1400V peak,
lO^VHz maximum. Use the Model 169 to measure
ac voltage as follows.
2-24. AC OR DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT.
2-25. The Model 169 reads ac and dc currents from
lOOnA/digit to 2000 milliamperes (2A). For ac mea
surements the instrument is average rsponding, cali
brated to read the root mean square value of a sine
wave of a frequency within 45Hz to IkHz. The maxi
mum reading is 1999, with appropriate decimal point.
Overrange is indicated by a "1" followed by three
blanked digits. Input overload protection is pro
vided by 2A, 250V dc or rms, quick-blow fuse. Use
the Model 169 to measure, ac or dc current as
follows.
A
CAUTION
Do not install a larger capacity current
fuse than the one originally supplied (2A,
250V). Instrument damage may occur.
a. Turn on power with the ON/OFF pushbutton.
Select ac or dc with the AC/DC pushbutton; depress A
pushbutton. The "A" annunciator should appear along
with the "AC" annunicator if ac was selected.
2-5

OPERATION
MODEL 169
b. Select the range from the five ranges avail
able. The decimal point is positioned by the range
pushbutton. The "u" annunciator will appear if
200yA range was selected; otherwise, the "m" annun
ciator will appear. It should be noted that the
voltage drop across the current shunt in the instru
ment (called voltage burden) can affect the circuit
under test if it has a low source voltage. This
voltage burden can be reduced by selecting the
highest current range that will resolve the desired
measurement.
c. Connect the signal to be measured to the INPUT
HI and LO jacks; observe the current reading on the
displ ay.
2-26. RESISTANCE (q) MEASUREMENT.
2-27. The Model 169 reads resistance from lOOmSl/
digit to 20 megohms. The maximum reading is 1999
with appropriate decimal point. Overrange is indi
cated by a "1" followed by three blanked digits.
Maximum Allowable Input: 300V dc or rms. Use the
Model 169 to measure resistance as follows.
A
CAUTION
Turn the test circuit off and discharge
all capacitors before attempting in-
circuit measurements. A voltage may be
present in the circuit if either the minus
sign is displayed, along with a steady
displayed number other than zero, or the
reading changes more than two digits when
the leads are reversed.
a. Turn on power and depress the n pushbutton.
The "n" annunciator should appear.
b. Connect the circuit to be measured to INPUT HI
and LO and select the desired range from the six
ranges available. The decimal point is positioned
by the range pushbutton and the applicable range
annunciator should appear.
c. Read the resistance on the display. If the
200n range is selected, disconnect the test leads at
the test circuit, short them together and subtract
the reading obtained from the reading obtained
above.
NOTE
As previously mentioned for in-circuit
measurements, the presence of a voltage
will cause a change in the reading when
the leads are reversed. The presence of a
forward biased semiconductor junction will
also cause a significant error, and there
fore, it is a good practice to reverse the
leads and make comparative measurements of
in-circuit resistances. In addition, it
should be noted that the bottom two re
sistance ranges will not turn on most
semiconductors, except in an overrange
condition.
d.
will
Diode Tests. Any of the top four ohms ranges
semiconductor junctions, with an turn on
on-scale reading, but the 20Kn range is recommended
for out-of-circuit tests of semiconductors because
its test current is higher. To test a junction,
first forward bias it and then reverse bias it while
observing the display reading for both conditions.
The HI jack is positive. Compare the results as
fol lows:
JUNCTION
INDICATION
CONDITION
1. Overrange, both Polarities
OPEN
2. Low reading, both polarities
SHORTED
3. Overrange when reverse biased
PROBABLY
and an on-range reading when
GOOD
forward biased
2-6