Keys Fitness KF-T4-0 User manual

Customer Service
[phone]
Manufactured By:
Keys Fitness Products
4009 Distribution Drive
Suite 250
Garland, TX 75041
Owner’s Manual
100051
08/27 Rev 4.0
Read all precautions and
instructions in this manual
before using this equipment.
CAUTION
KF-T4.0
Model Name : KF-T4.0
Serial Number :____________
Serial number can be found at
the location specified above.
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Thank You for making this unit a part of your exercise program.
Keys Fitness assures the very best in value, appearance, durability
and biomechanics.
This manual will guide you through the assembly process. If at any
time you are having trouble with the assembly or use of this prod-
uct, then please contact us at our Keys Fitness Help line. We have
trained service technicians on site to take care of you, our valued
customer.
THANK YOU
KEYS FITNESS SERIES
MODEL: KF-T4.0
QUESTIONS?
CALL
800-388-0482
Monday - Friday
8:30 am - 5:30 pm Central Time
Thank you for purchasing the Keys Fitness T4.0! The quality product you have chosen was
designed to meet your needs for cardiovascular exercise. Before you start, please read the
Owner’s Manual and become familiar with the operation of your new unit. Remember to take
time to perform stretching exercises, provided in this manual, to help avoid injury. If you are
taking medication, consult your physician to see what effect the medication will have on your
exercise heart rate. If you have heart problems, you are not active, and/or are over the age of
35 years, do not use the pre-set programs or start an exercise program without rst contacting
and receiving approval from your physician. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, always keep
the console dry. Do not spill liquids on the console.
REGISTRATION CARD
To avoid unnecessary delays in warranty parts and to insure that a
permanent record of your purchase is on file with our company, be
sure to send in the warranty registration card or register on-line at
www.keysfitness.com within 10 days of purchase.
Table of Contents
Important Safety Information
Assembly
Console Information
Workout Information
Troubleshooting
Parts Information
Warranty Information
2
3
4
13
22
26
32
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Safety Information
WARNING!
Before using this treadmill or starting any exercise program, consult your physician. This is especially important for persons
over the age of 35 and or persons with pre-existing health problems. The manufacturer or distributor assumes no responsibility
for personal injury or property damage sustained by or through the use of this product. To reduce the risk of electrical shock,
burns, fire, or other possible injuries to the user, it is important to review this manual and the following precautions before operation.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND TIPS:
1. Always secure Safety Key firmly to waistband.
2. It is the owner’s responsibility to ensure that all users of this treadmill have read the Owner’s Manual and are familiar with
warnings and safety precautions.
3. This treadmill has a user maximum capacity of 300 pounds.
4. The treadmill should only be used on a level surface and is intended for indoor use only. The treadmill should not be placed in a
garage, patio, or near water and should never be used while you are wet. Keys recommends a treadmill mat be placed under the
treadmill to protect floor or carpet and for easier cleaning.
5. Follow safety information in regard to plugging in your treadmill. Keep the power cord away from the incline wheels and do not run
the power cord underneath your treadmill. Do not operate the treadmill with a damaged or frayed power cord.
6. Wear comfortable, good-quality walking or running shoes and appropriate clothing. Do not use the treadmill with bare feet, sandals,
socks or stockings.
7. Always straddle the belt and allow it to start moving before stepping onto the belt.
8. Hold on to handrail when adjusting speed or other controls.
9. Always examine your treadmill before using to ensure all parts are in working order.
10. Allow the belt to fully stop before dismounting.
11. Pets should never be allowed near or on the treadmill.
12. Close supervision is necessary when this appliance is used by or near children, invalids or disabled persons.
13. Never operate the treadmill where oxygen is being administered, or where aerosol products are being used.
14. Never insert any object or body parts into any opening.
15. For safety and to prevent damage to your treadmill, no more than one person should use the treadmill at a time.
16. Always unplug the treadmill before cleaning and/or servicing. Service to your treadmill should only be performed by an authorized
service representative, unless authorized and/or instructed by the manufacturer
17. Failure to follow these instructions will void the treadmill warranty.
18. Never leave the treadmill unattended when plugged in. Unplug from outlet when not in use and before service or maintenance.
19. Always unplug this appliance immediately after using and before cleaning. To disconnect, turn all controls to the off position, then
remove plug from outlet.

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Assembly

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Parts Identifier
LEFT FENDER RIGHT FENDER
CONSOLE
SAFETY KEY
ALLEN BOLTS M8*55
WASHER 9* 16* 1.6MM
ALLEN BOLTS
M8*15*15
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*30
WASHER 6.6* 12* 1.6MM
TOOL
6MM
MAIN FRAME
FENDER
SCREW/MISC
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*20
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*16
END CAP LEFT END CAP RIGHT
WASHER 11* 20*2MM
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*13
Prior to assembly, remove components from the box and verify
that all the listed parts were supplied.

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Assembly
1
ALLEN BOLT M8*15*15
ALLEN BOLT M8*55
WASHER 9*16*1.6mm
ALLEN BOLT M8*15*15
ALLEN BOLT M8*55
WASHER 9*16*1.6mm
ASSEMBLY FOR UPRIGHT TUBES
Step 1:
After unpacking the box, lift up the upright
tubes so that the screw holes are aligned.
Step 2:
Secure the upright connection with allen
bolts M8*55 (Qty 6) and flat washers
9*16*1.6 mm (Qty 6) at the upright tubes.
In the same area you will need to use allen
bolts M8*15*15 (Qty 4) and flat washers
9*16*1.6 mm (Qty 4) to secure as well.
LEFT FENDER RIGHT FENDER
CONSOLE
SAFETY KEY
TOOL
6MM
MAIN FRAME
FENDER
SCREW/MISC
END CAP LEFT END CAP RIGHT
ALLEN BOLTS M8*55
WASHER 9* 16* 1.6MM
ALLEN BOLTS
M8*15*15
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*30
WASHER 6.6* 12* 1.6MM
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*20
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*16
WASHER 11* 20*2MM
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*13
Note: Hand tighten bolts until console
is attached and secure as indicated in
page 8. Then tighten with tool provided.
Note: Be careful not to pinch the wire
harness.

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Assembly
2
RIGHT FENDER
LEFT FENDER
SCREW ST4.2*16
ASSEMBLY FOR FENDERS
Slide the right and left fenders down the upright
assembly.
ASSEMBLY FOR END CAPS
Slide the end caps onto the main frame
and secure them with screws ST4.2*16
(Qty 2).

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3
Assembly
WASHER 9* 16* 1.6MM
CONSOLE
HARNESS
ALLEN BOLT
M8*15*15
ASSEMBLY FOR CONSOLE
Step 1:
Attach console to the left and right uprights
using flat washers 9*16*1.6 mm (Qty 6) and
allen bolts M8*15*15 (Qty 6).
Step 2:
Connect the console harness wire to the
console.
Step 3:
Attach safety key to the console.
Note: Be careful not to pinch the wire con-
nection during assembly.
LEFT FENDER RIGHT FENDER
CONSOLE
SAFETY KEY
TOOL
6MM
MAIN FRAME
FENDER
SCREW/MISC
END CAP LEFT END CAP RIGHT
ALLEN BOLTS M8*55
WASHER 9* 16* 1.6MM
ALLEN BOLTS
M8*15*15
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*30
WASHER 6.6* 12* 1.6MM
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*20
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*16
WASHER 11* 20*2MM
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*13

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SCREW ST4.2*13
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*30
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*20
WASHER 6.6* 12*1.6mm
ASSEMBLY FOR FENDERS
Step 1:
Lift up the base of the treadmill until the
pop pin located on the left side engages.
Step 2:
On the outer part of the fenders, secure the
right and left fenders with 2 phillips screws
M6*30 and 2 flat washers M6*12*1.6 mm.
Step 3:
On the inner part of the fender secure the
right and left fenders with 2 phillips screws
M6*20 and 2 flat washers M6*12*1.6.
4
LEFT FENDER RIGHT FENDER
CONSOLE
SAFETY KEY
TOOL
6MM
MAIN FRAME
FENDER
SCREW/MISC
END CAP LEFT END CAP RIGHT
ALLEN BOLTS M8*55
WASHER 9* 16* 1.6MM
ALLEN BOLTS
M8*15*15
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*30
WASHER 6.6* 12* 1.6MM
PHILLIPS SCREW M6*20
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*16
WASHER 11* 20*2MM
PHILLIPS SCREW ST4.2*13
Assembly
ASSEMBLY FOR END CAPS
In the treadmill’s folded position, secure
the end caps with screws ST 4.2*13 (Qty
4).

10
Congratulations!
You have completed the assembly of your
new Keys Fitness T4.0 Treadmill!

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Congratulations!
You have completed the assembly of your
new Keys Fitness T4.0 Treadmill!
Moving Instructions
Caution! To avoid the risk of injury, never attempt to move the treadmill while it is in the unfolded operating position. To reduce the
possibility of injury while lifting, bend your legs and keep your back straight. As you raise the treadmill, lift using your legs, not your
back. In order to raise or lower the treadmill safely, you must be able to lift 45 pounds (20kg). It is suggested you always use the aid of
a second person when moving the treadmill.
With the treadmill in the folded locked position (safety latch is engaged) carefully tilt the treadmill back until it rolls freely on the wheels. Using
extreme caution, move the treadmill to the desired location. To set the treadmill down, carefully lower treadmill onto base in resting position. Do
not attempt to move the treadmill over an uneven or rough surface.
Note: The treadmill pictured below may not be identical to your particular model.
Moving Instructions

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Power Requirements
Improper connection of the equipment grounding connector can result in a risk of an electric shock. Check with a qualified electrician
or service man if you are in doubt as to whether the product is properly grounded. Do not modify the plug provided with the product. If
plug will not fit the outlet, have a proper outlet installed by a qualified electrician.
This treadmill can be seriously damaged by sudden voltage changes in your home’s electrical power. Voltage spikes, surges, and noise interfer-
ence can result from weather conditions or from other appliances being turned on or off. To reduce the possibility of treadmill damage, always use
a dedicated surge protector (not included) with your treadmill.
Surge protectors can be purchased at most hardware stores. The manufacturer recommends a single outlet surge protector with UL 1449 rating as
a Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor (TVSS) with UL suppressed voltage rating of 400V or less and an electrical rating of 120VAC, 15 amps.
This treadmill must be grounded to reduce the risk of electrical shock. Grounding provides a path of least resistance for electric current should the
treadmill malfunction. This treadmill comes with an electrical cord with an equipment-grounding conductor and a grounding plug. Always plug the
power cord into a surge protector, and plug the surge protector into an appropriate outlet that is properly installed and grounded in accordance with
all local codes and ordinances. Do not connect other equipment to the surge protector or this could cause permanent damage to your treadmill.
This product is for use on a nominal 120-volt circuit and has a grounding plug that looks like the plug illustrated in the drawing below.
Power Requirements

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Console Information

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CONSOLE FUNCTIONS
INCLINE WINDOW
Indicates incline in percent of grade 0-12% in 0.5 increments.
PULSE WINDOW
Displays user’s current heart rate.
Note: User must have both on hands on the pulse grips.
TIME WINDOW
Indicates elapsed time after pressing start in minutes and sec-
onds (0-99 minutes, 0-59 seconds).
PACE WINDOW
Indicates estimated amount of time needed to complete 1 Mile
based on current speed.
CALORIES WINDOW
Indicates estimated calories used based on 150 lb. person at
the indicated speed, incline, and time.
DISTANCE WINDOW
Indicates Miles or Kilometers traveled in .01 increments up to
9.99 and .1 increments starting at 10.0.
SPEED WINDOW
Indicates MPH (miles per hour) or KPH (kilometer per hour) in
.1 increments.
LAP WINDOW
Indicates the lap count and displays which lap you are on
CONSOLE BUTTONS
POWER
This button is used to turn the treadmill on and off.
Console Information
SPEED
INCLINE
INCLINE
ENTER
SPEED
ENTER
2345678
ONE TOUCH
PROGRAM
ENTER
PROGRAM
ENTER POWER
START /
STOP
P A USE
414-00187
MP H
K M /H
D I S T A N C E
L A P P A C E I N C L I N E
S P E E D T I ME P R O G R A M
C A L O R I E S
P U L S E
M
K

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START/STOP
This button is used to start or stop the current program.
PAUSE
This button is used to stop your workout temporarily and continue from where you left off when you are ready.
WARNING: THE TREADMILL BELT WILL RESUME AT THE SPEED THE TREADMILL WAS MOVING AT BEFORE PAUSING.
ENTER
This button is used to confirm selection settings, such as time, distance, calories, and pulse.
PROGRAM UP AND DOWN
These buttons are used to cycle through to the desired program.
INCLINE + and -
These buttons are used to adjust the incline value during the workout.
SPEED + and -
These buttons are used to adjust the speed of the treadmill during workout. These buttons are also used to adjust the values when setting up your
workout.
PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS
QUICK START / MANUAL MODE (P1)
1. Plug into a surge protector outlet. Attach the Safety Key to the treadmill console.
2. Stand on the treadmill and straddle belt. Attach safety key clip to your clothes.
3. Press POWER button. There will be an eight (8) second delay after pressing the POWER button before data can be entered.
4. Press START/STOP button. Belt will begin to move after 4 seconds. Step on belt slowly after the belt starts moving. Speed or incline may be
adjusted by using the appropriate + (increase) or – (decrease) button.
5. To end your workout, press START/STOP button. Belt will gradually slow down to zero.
6. To pause your workout, press PAUSE.
7. To re-start after pausing: Press the PAUSE button.
PROGRAM MODE
Plug treadmill into a surge protector outlet. Attach the Safety Key on to the treadmill console.
1. Stand on the treadmill and straddle belt. Attach safety key clip to your clothes.
2. Press POWER button. There will be an eight (8) second delay before data can be entered.
Console Information

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3. There are thirteen (13) programs. Refer to next page for a program overview that includes Speed and Incline setting for each program. Press
the PROGRAM UP or DOWN button to select which program you wish to use. Press ENTER PROGRAM.
4. Press START/STOP button. Belt will begin to move after 4 seconds. Step on belt slowly after the belt starts moving.
COOL DOWN
At the end of the program, the unit will enter a Cool Down program with a fixed time of 2 minutes. At this time, the TIME window will continue to
show the entered Time. The Speed and Incline will go to 1/2 of their current settings. For example, If you are running at 5 MPH with an Incline of
4%, when the unit goes into Cool Down, Speed will decrease to 2.5 MPH and the Incline will decrease to 2%. After the 2 minute Cool Down, the
unit will self power down.
NOTE: If any button is pressed during the 2 minute Cool Down period, the unit will change to Manual Mode (see P1). At this time, full manual con-
trol of treadmill settings such as Speed and Incline are available to the User.
TIME GOAL (P2):
Program allows user to set desired TIME of workout. Once the desired TIME is accomplished, the treadmill will enter Cool Down.
1. Press PROGRAM UP button or PROGRAM DOWN button until P2 is selected. Press ENTER. The TIME window will blink. Use the SPEED +
or – arrows or toggles to select your workout time. Press ENTER.
2. The SPEED window will then blink. Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggle to select the speed for your workout. Press ENTER.
3. The INCLINE window will then blink. Use the INCLINE + or – arrows or incline toggles to set your workout incline. Press ENTER.
4. To start, press the START/STOP button.
DISTANCE GOAL (P3):
Program will allow user to set desired DISTANCE for workout. Distance will count up to desired Distance. Once the desired DISTANCE is accom-
plished, the treadmill will enter Cool Down.
1. Press PROGRAM UP button or PROGRAM DOWN button until P3 is selected. Press ENTER. The DISTANCE/CALORIE window will blink.
Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggles to select your workout distance. Press ENTER.
2. The SPEED window will then blink. Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggle to select the speed for your workout. Press ENTER.
3. The INCLINE window will then blink. Use the INCLINE + or – arrows or incline toggles to set your workout incline. Press ENTER.
4. To start, press the START/STOP button.
CALORIES GOAL (P4):
Program allows user to set desired CALORIES of workout. Once the desired CALORIES is accomplished, the treadmill will enter Cool Down.
1. Press PROGRAM UP button or PROGRAM DOWN button until P4 is selected. Press ENTER. The DISTANCE/CALORIES window will blink.
Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggles to select your workout CALORIES. Press ENTER.
2. The SPEED window will then blink. Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggle to select the speed for your workout. Press ENTER.
3. The INCLINE window will then blink. Use the INCLINE + or – arrows or incline toggles to set your workout incline. Press ENTER.
4. To start, press the START/STOP button.
Console Information

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Console Information
HILLS
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7 - Each time segment will last 1 minute, and
will either increase or decrease the incline.
This program will repeat this cycle until pro-
grammed time is accomplished.
MOUNTAIN CLIMB
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P8 - Each time segment will last 1 minute, and will
increase incline. This program will repeat this cycle
until programmed time is accomplished.
MOUNTAIN
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P9 - Each time segment will last 1 minute, and will
increase or decrease incline. This program will
repeat this cycle until programmed time is accom-
plished.
INTERVAL1
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P11 - Each time segment will last 1 minute, and
will increase or decrease incline. This will alter-
nate between 5% and 0% Incline. This program
will repeat this cycle until programmed time is
accomplished.
5K RUN AND 10K RUN (P5 - P6)
Pre-set programs will allow user to workout for a preset DISTANCE of 5K (3.1 Miles) and 10K (6.2 Miles). Once the pre-set DISTANCE is reached,
the treadmill will enter Cool Down.
1. Press PROGRAM UP button or PROGRAM DOWN button until P5 or P6 is selected. Press ENTER. The SPEED window will blink. Use the
SPEED + or – arrows or toggles to select your workout SPEED. Press ENTER.
2. The INCLINE window will then blink. Use the INCLINE + or – arrows or incline toggles to set your workout incline. Press ENTER.
3. To start, press the START/STOP button.
PROGRAMS (P7 - P13)
These are pre-set programs with predefined values.
1. Press PROGRAM UP or PROGRAM DOWN until desired program is selected.
2. The TIME window will blink. Use the SPEED + or - arrows or toggles to select your workout TIME. Press ENTER.
3. The SPEED window will then blink. Use the SPEED + or – arrows or toggle to select the speed for your workout. Press ENTER.
4. To start, press the START/STOP button. Please refer to pages 17-18 for Program Profiles.
Program proles

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Console Information
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Target Heart Rate Zone
The exercise practices include four major variables: frequency, intensity,
time, target heart rate zone. A continuous workout will help to improve
your cardiovascular functions and increase the ability of your muscles
to obtain the oxygen and nutrition. A good workout provides a greater
advantage to extend the endurance of muscle and body flexibility.
Frequency: How Often Should You Exercise
Three to five times a week is highly suggested to improve your cardiovas-
cular and muscle fitness.
Intensity: How Hard Should You Exercise
The intensity of an exercise is reflected in your heart rate. Exercise must
be sufficient to strengthen your heart muscle and condition your cardio-
vascular system. Only your doctor or an authorized coach can prescribe
the target training heart range appropriate for your particular needs and
physical condition. Start with exercise that stimulates you to breathe more deeply. Alternate periods of moderate and easy exercise to help your body
adapt to new levels of exertion without unnecessary strain. The inability to maintain a smooth, rhythmic motion is a sign that your speed or elevation
is too high. If you feel out of breath before you have exercised 12 minutes, you are probably overdoing it.
As your fitness level improves, you will need to increase your workload to reach your target heart rate. The first increase may be necessary after two
to four weeks of regular exercise. Never exceed your target heart rate zone.
Weight Management
Consistent aerobic exercise will help you change your body composition by lowering your percentage of body fat. For weight control, how long and
how often you exercise is more important than how hard you exercise.
Exercise at least four to five times a week.• Reach and maintain 60-75% of your maximum heart rate with moderate exercise.• Exercise for 30-45 minutes at 60-65% of your target heart rate.•
Here are some tips to achieve your weight management goal.
Consume most of your dietary calories at breakfast and lunch, and eat a light dinner.• Do not eat anything near the bedtime.• Moderate exercise will help suppress your appetite.• Take regular breaks and rests to help increase metabolism.•
INTERVAL HILL
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
INTERVAL2
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

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Console Information
Warning!
If you have any questions or concerns about your target heart rate consult your physician. Medications may affect your heart rate. Stop exercise if:
you feel faint or dizzy, acute illness (cold or fever), any pain or tightness in your chest, an irregular heartbeat, of if you exceed your maximum heart
rate set by your physician.
Exercise Practice Procedures Warm-Up Workout Cool Down
A good warm-up will help you perform better and will decrease the aches and pains. The warm-up prepares your muscles for exercise and allows
your oxygen supply to ready itself for what is to come. Experience tells us that muscles perform best when they are warmer than normal body tem-
perature. This normally takes about 5-10 minutes when you begin to perspire on your brow and breathe more deeply.
Note: The older you are, the longer your warm-up period should be.
Workout: Brisk and Rhythmic Exercise
A workout trains your heart, lungs, and muscles to be more efficient. Increase exercise in response to your heart rate to train and strengthen your
cardiovascular system. Concentrate on moving your arms and legs smoothly. Walking naturally and avoid jerking motions like pulled muscles,
sprained joints, and loss of balance.
If you cannot sustain 12 continuous minutes in your target heart rate zone, then, exercise several times a day to get into habit. Try to reach and main-
tain 60-65% of your maximum heart rate. Alternate exercise with periods of rest until you can sustain 12 continuous minutes of exercise at 60-65%
of your maximum heart rate. Best start with a target of 3-4 minutes, then, increase it gradually.
If you can sustain 12 but not 20 continuous minutes of exercise in your target heart rate zone:
Exercise 3-5 days a week. Rest at least two days per week.
• Try to reach and maintain 65-70% of your maximum heart rate• with moderate rhythmic exercises.
Begin with 12 continuous minutes. Increase your time by• one to two minutes per week until you can sustain 20
continuous minutes.
If you can sustain 20 minutes continuously in your target heart rate zone,
begin to increase the length and intensity of your workout.
Exercise 4-6 days a week or on alternate days.• Try to reach and maintain 70~85% of your maximum heart• rate with moderate to somewhat hard exercise.
Exercise 20-30 minutes.•
WARNING:
These strategies are intended for average healthy adults. If you have pain
(MHR) = Maximum Heart Rate
(THR) = Target Heart Rate
220 - age = maximum heart rate (MHR)
MHR x .60 = 60% of your maximum heart rate.
MHR x .75 = 75% of your maximum heart rate.
For example, if you are 30 years old, your calculations will be as follows:
220 - 30 = 190
190 x .60 = 114 (low end or 60% of MHR)
190 x .75 = 142 (high end or 75% of MHR)
30 year-old (THR) Target Heart Rate would be 114-142
See Heart Rate Table (on next page) for additional calculations.

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Console Information
or tightness in your chest, an irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath or you feel faint or have any discomfort when you exercise STOP. Consult your
physician before continuing. Remember every workout should begin with warm-up and finished with cool-down.
Cool down: Slow and Relaxed Exercise
The cool-down allows your body’s cardiovascular system to gradually return to normal and should be roughly 5-10 minutes. Lower your exercise
intensity gradually, and when your heart rate has returned below 110 beats per minutes, you can end your workout.
Monitoring Your Heart Rate
To obtain the greatest cardiovascular benefits from your exercise workout, it is important to work within your target heart rate zone. The American
Heart Association (AHA) defines this target as 60%-75% percent of your maximum heart rate.
Your maximum heart rate may be roughly calculated by subtracting your age from 220. Your maximum heart rate and aerobic capacity naturally
decreases as you age. This may vary from one person to another, but use this number to find your approximate effective target zone. For exam-
ple, the maximum heart rate for an average 40 year-old is 180 bpm. The target heart rate zone is 60%-75% of 180 or 108-135 bpm.
See Fitness Safety on the next page.