Kimaldi BioMax2 Assembly instructions

Kimaldi Electronics, S.L.
Ctra. Rubí, 292-B Pol.Ind. Can Guitard
08228 Terrassa (Barcelona) CIF B61802302
www.kimaldi.com
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Installation and
Programming Manual
BioMax2 / BiomaxPlus
KBio2-Online
v. 2.11

Table of Content s
Date 11/8/12 Page 2 of 91
Table of Contents
1. About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. BioMax2 electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. KBio2-Online electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. BioMax2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. KBio2-Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3. Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1. Connector signals, BioMax2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2. Connection details, BioMax2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3. Mechanical Outline, BioMax2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.4. Connector signals, KBio2-Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5. Connection details, KBio2-Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.6. Mechanical Outline, KBio2-Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1. Connection of a FIM module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2. Connection to a configurable RS-232 reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3. Finger presence detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.1. Optical Barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
5.3.2. FIM Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
5.3.3. Setup and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
5.4. Connection to an auxiliary board, Bio-OCX protocol . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.5. BiomaxPlus-DB module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.6. Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.6.1. Information on exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
5.6.2. Remote FW update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
6. Comunicación con el Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.1. Communication with the Host via RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.2. IP Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2.1. Kimaldi Localisation Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.2.2. Bio-OCX protocol via TCP (TCP Server) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
6.2.3. Bio-OCX protocol via UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.2.4. KSP protocol via UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.2.5. KSP protocol via TCP (TCP-client) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
6.3. Routing and Localisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.3.1. Routing hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.3.2. KSP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.3.3. MAC Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
6.3.4. IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

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7. Communication with RS-232 devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.1. Biometric identification module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.2. RS-232 Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.2.1. “Read-only” readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
7.2.2. Online readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.2.3. Omnikey 55xx Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7.3. Gateway to Bio-OCX or KPLUS2 electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.3.1. Supported electronics, Bio-OCX protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.3.2. Supported electronics, KPLUS2 protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.3.3. Communication via Bio-OCX UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
7.3.4. Communication via KSP UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
8. BioMax2 / KBio2-Online electronics configuration . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1. Parameter array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1.1. Serial port configuration (UART0, UART1, UART2) . . . . . . . . . . . .32
8.1.2. Event configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
8.1.3. Optical barrier configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
8.1.4. Card reading port configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
8.1.5. Digital output timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
8.1.6. Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
8.2. IP configuration - TCP and UDP sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.2.1. ePHY configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
9. Communications Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.1. Bio-OCX RS-232 or TCP/IP frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2. Bio-OCX UDP frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
9.3. KSP UDP frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.4. KSP TCP frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.5. Common Instructions for Online Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.5.1. Communications Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
9.5.2. Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
9.5.3. Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
9.5.4. GetCrashInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
9.5.5. ClearCrashInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
9.6. Specific BioMax2/KBio2-Online instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9.6.1. ReadCFG_Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
9.6.2. WriteCFG_Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
9.6.3. ReadCFG_IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.4. WriteCFG_IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9.6.5. FactoryCFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
9.6.6. ApplyCFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
9.6.7. Activate Led/Beeper Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
9.6.8. Switch Led/Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
9.6.9. Close Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
9.6.10. Switch Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
9.6.11. Clear Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
9.6.12. Write Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
9.6.13. Backlit Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
9.6.14. Switch Backlit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
9.6.15. Write Display, Backlit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
9.6.16. Digital input status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
9.6.17. Multiread filter status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

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9.6.18. Card Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
9.6.19. Key Pressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
9.6.20. Send to UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
9.6.21. Reception from UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
9.6.22. Optical Barrier Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
9.6.23. Enable optical barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
9.6.24. Disable optical barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
9.6.25. Encapsulate GCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
9.7. Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10. Biometric identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10.1. Basic instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10.1.1. Retrieve sensor version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
10.2. Capture of biometric information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10.2.1. Capture of biometric information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
10.3. Sensor database management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10.3.1. Add user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
10.3.2. Request number of users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
10.3.3. Delete user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
10.3.4. Delete all users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
10.4. User identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.4.1. Instant Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
10.4.2. 1:N Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
10.4.3. 1:1 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Appendix A. Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
A.1. BioMax2-FP + Mag + Mifare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
A.1.1. Hardware connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
A.1.2. Configuration of the terminal device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
A.1.3. Configuration of KRD13M reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
A.1.4. 1:N Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
A.1.5. 1:1 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
A.2. BioMax2-FP Prox + KBio Online RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
A.2.1. Hardware connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
A.2.2. Device configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
A.2.3. Communication through Bio-OCX UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
A.2.4. Communication through KSP UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
A.3. Wiegand Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
A.3.1. Hardware configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
A.3.2. Firmware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
A.3.3. Wiegand format explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
A.3.4. Configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Appendix B. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Revision Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

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1. About this Manual
This manual applies to BioMax2 and KBio2-Online access and presence control
electronics, firmware versions 0x61.43 and 0x62.43 respectively.
2. Description
BioMax2/KBio2 electronics are designed as Online access and/or presence control
terminals..
• BioMax2 is versatile enough to control up to two Clock&Data readers and two RS-
232 devices, whether RFID readers or FIM modules for biometric identification.
It is also equipped with a 2x20-character alphanumeric display and a 4x4
numerical keypad.
• KBio2-Online is a more compact piece of hardware, only supporting one
Clock&Data reader and two RS232 devices (RFID readers or FIM modules).
User interface is simpler, solely based on LEDs.
• Default connectivity is based on both TCP/IP and UDP. Alternatively,
communication may be carried out via RS232. KiWi2 electronics can also be
connected for WiFi communications.
• It is possible to add the BiomaxPlus-DB device, intended for Semi-Offline access
control. That is, the system switches to Offline mode whenever communication
with main Host is lost. That way, it is BioMax2 itself managing and logging
access activity, until communication with main Host is recovered.
BioMax2 and KBio2-Online electronics are recommended for all access control
applications on electric locks, displays, leds, buzzers and ticker printers, etc. requiring
online operation. In particular, whenever biometrical identification is required, the
search engine may be installed in the main Host1or in the FIM module.
BioMax2 and KBio2-Online electronics may be controlled with serial commands or with
the help of the Active-X, Kimaldi Bio-OCX controller or its equivalent .NET version,
the latter method being recommended.
Except for their hardware differences, BioMax2 and KBio2-Online are equivalent in
terms of functionality and programming interface. With regards to BioMaxPlus, it
behaves as BioMax2 in all aspects, although it offers additional features.
1. Nitgen’s eNSearch and eNBSP libraries are available for that purpose.

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2.1. BioMax2 electronics
The BioMax2 electronics board has the following hardware resources:
• RJ45 Ethernet connection (10/100-BaseT)
• UART0: First port RS-232 (by default, for Host connection).
• UART1: Second port RS-232 (by default, for biometric sensor connection).
• UART2: Third port, 3V3 TTL levels (reserved as a socket for BioMaxPlus-DB or
other special cases).
• Two Clock&Data ports
• Four relays
• Two LED outputs (Green and Red)
• One output for an external buzzer.
• One current-limited 5 VDC outlet
• One connector to a 4x4 keypad
• One 2x20-character, alphanumeric, backlit display connector
• One card-mounted buzzer
• Four digital inputs
• Connection to Optical Barrier
• One socket for KiWi2 Converter (UART0) or BioMaxPlus-DB (UART2).
2.2. KBio2-Online electronics
The KBio2-Online electronics board has the following hardware resources:
• RJ45 Ethernet connection (10/100-BaseT)
• UART0: First port RS-232 (by default, for Host connection).
• UART1: Second port RS-232 (by default, for biometric sensor connection).
• UART2: Third port, 3V3 TTL levels (reserved as a socket for BioMaxPlus-DB or
other special cases).
• One Clock&Data ports
• One relay
• One current-limited 5 VDC outlet
• One connector to a 3-key pad with 3 LEDs
• One card-mounted buzzer
• One digital input
• Connection to Optical Barrier
• One socket for KiWi2 Converter (UART0) or BioMaxPlus-DB (UART2).

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3. Technical Specifications
3.1. BioMax2
Size: OEM board: 134 mm x 106 mm x 25 mm
Supply Voltage: 5 VDC. ± 10%
Maximum consumption 1: 450 mA
Ethernet Interface: 10/100 Base-T
RS232 Interface: Baud Rate between 9600 and 57600; n,8,1
5VDC Output: Limited to 1 Amp by means of a retriggerable fuse. Maxi-
mum recommended current to external readers: 500 mA.
User interface: 2x20-character, backlit LCD Display; 4x4 numerical keypad,
buzzer on-board; output drivers for 2 LEDs (green and red)
and external buzzer.
Optical Barrier: 4-pin connector for LED and phototransistor 2
Relay contacts: 4 relay contacts, normally open, 24V / 1A
Digital inputs: 4 relay-type digital inputs. In open circuit (contact open) their
logic value will be 0. In contact with GND (contact closed),
logic value 1.
Clock&Data Inputs: 2 ports for Clock&Data readers, ABA-Track 2 encoding.
3.2. KBio2 Online
Size: OEM board: 96 mm x 59 mm x 25 mm
Supply Voltage: 5 VDC. ± 10%
Maximum consumption 3: 400 mA
Ethernet Interface: 10/100 Base-T
RS232 Interface: Baud Rate between 9600 and 57600; n,8,1
5VDC Output: Limited to 1 Amp by means of a retriggerable fuse. Maxi-
mum recommended current to external readers: 500 mA.
User Interface: 3-key pad with 3 LEDs and buzzer.
1. Consumption of the raw board, without peripheral devices connected to it.
2. The LED optical barrier has been discontinued on devices featuring FIM5360 or equivalent.
See section 5.3 for further information
3. Consumption of the raw board, without peripheral devices connected to it.

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Optical Barrier: 4-pin connector for LED and phototransistor 1.
Relay contact: 1 relay contact, normally open, 24V / 1A
Digital input: 1 relay-type digital input. In open circuit (contact open) its
logic value will be 0. In contact with GND (contact closed),
logic value 1.
Clock&Data Input: 1 port for Clock&Data reader, ABA-Track 2 encoding.
3.3. Addressing
BioMax2 and KBio2-Online electronics have two jumpers (JMP1 and JMP2) to encode
the ID Application in the KSP protocol.
See chapter 6.3.: “Routing and Localisation” for further details.
1. The LED optical barrier has been discontinued on devices featuring FIM5360 or equivalent.
See section 5.3 for further information

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4. Installation
4.1. Connector signals,BioMax2
WARNING !!!!
Take the necessary antistatic precautions when handling this product
to avoid damaging the sensitive electronic devices.
BioMax2 electronics board requires +5 Vdc supply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
J3
5 vcc GND N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. Host Rx Host Tx
J4
DIN_0 DIN_1 DIN_2 DIN_3 GND LED_0 (+) LED_1 (+) BUZZER (-)
J2
RELE 3-A RELE 3-B RELE 2-A RELE 2-B RELE 1-A RELE 1-B RELE 0-A RELE 0-B
J1
GND DATA_1 CLK_1 CLS_1 +5V Out GND Lector Tx Lector Rx
P2: Contrast
J6: Keypad
J5: Ethernet
J9: TTL-0
J7: FIM Connector
J8: Opt. Bar.
J10: Display
J14: KiWi2
JP1, JP2
LEDs
JP1
JP2
LD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
J15: BiomaxPlus-DB

BioMax2 / KBio2-Online
Installation and Programming Manual
www.kimaldi.com Page 10 of 91
4.2. Connection details,BioMax2
J3 - Main Connector
Pin 1 - Positive power supply pole (5 Vcc)
Pin 2 - Negative power supply pole (GND) (Pin no. 5, female SubD connector)
Pin 3 - Not connected
Pin 4 - Not connected / UART_2 - Rx, 3V3 TTL, in special cases
Pin 5 - Not connected / UART_2 - Tx, 3V3 TTL, in special cases
Pin 6 - Not connected
Pin 7 - UART_0 - Rx, RS232 to Host (Pin nº 3, female SubD connector)
Pin 8 - UART_0 - Tx, RS232 to Host (Pin nº 2, female SubD connector)
J2 - Relay Connector
Pin 1 - Pole A of Relay 0
Pin 2 - Pole B of Relay 0
Pin 3 - Pole A of Relay 1
Pin 4 - Pole B of Relay 1
Pin 5 - Pole A of Relay 2
Pin 6 - Pole A of Relay 2
Pin 7 - Pole A of Relay 3
Pin 8 - Pole B of Relay 3
J4 - Digital Input/Output connector
Pin 1 - Digital Input 0
Pin 2 - Digital Input 1
Pin 3 - Digital Input 2
Pin 4 - Digital Input 3
Pin 5 - LED common cathode - GND
Pin 6 - Anode (+) for LED 0 (Green)
Pin 7 - Anode (+) for LED 1 (Red)
Pin 8 - Cathode (-) for External Buzzer (5 V)
J1 - Connector to Card Readers
Pin 1 - UART_1 - Rx, RS-232 to reader (Pin nº 2, male SubD connector)
Pin 2 - UART_1 - Tx, RS-232 to reader (Pin nº 3, male SubD connector)
Pin 3 - Negative power supply pole (GND) (Pin no. 5, male SubD connector)
Pin 4 - +5 VDC Output
Pin 5 - CLS Signal (TTL_1)
Pin 6 - Clock Signal (TTL_1)
Pin 7 - Data Signal (TTL_1)
Pin 8 - Negative power supply pole (GND)