Kloben SKY 8 CPC 58 User manual

FORCED
CIRCULATION
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
Vacuumm collectors
SKY 8 CPC 58
SKY 12 CPC 58
SKY 18 CPC 58
SKY 21 CPC 58
Reg. no. 011-7S124R

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INDEX
• Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 2
• Solar collectors technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 5
• Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 6
• Checks and parameters indispensable for dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 7
• Connection example of collectors in series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 8
• Connection example of collectors in parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 9
• Preliminary warnings and checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 11
• Practical table for the choice of piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 13
• Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 15
• Flat roof kit assembly layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 16
• Sloped roof kit assembly layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 22
• Hydraulic connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 27
• Instructions for the assembly of the F1/PT 1000 probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 28
• Loading the system through the solar station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 29
• Inclinations of the solar collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 30
• Orientation of the collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 31
• Maintenance and repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 32
• Safety systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 33
• Indications regarding transport and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 34
• For the user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 35
• Grand Soleil Medium Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 36
• Grand Soleil Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 37
• Grand Soleil Plus Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 38
• Totalenergy Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 39
• Totalenergy Plus Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 40
• Data detection card for solar heating systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 41
• Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 42
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MAKING USE OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is among the most abundant and available free renewable energies on the earth’s surface. To have an idea of
the energy that the sun radiates onto the earth, according to the latitude, the average daily solar radiation in Italy varies
from 4 to 5.5 kWh on a surface of 1 square metre.
The use of a solar heat collector with vacuum technology is accredited, as shown by the experts in the solar sector and
by laboratory tests carried out according to EN European Standards, to be the most technically efficient system for captu-
ring the energy released by the sun through the entire year.
Considering the daily heat energy request per person for domestic hot water use, the use of solar collectors with vacuum
technology with CPC reflector, combined with a standard state-of-the-art designed system, allows energy saving regarding
domestic hot water of up to 80%. While, considering the global load of heat energy requested for domestic hot water and
heating, the total saving can exceed 40%.
This considerable energy saving constitutes an important contribution to the reduction of the emissions of noxious
substances, deriving from combustion, into the atmosphere and particularly to the reduction of CO2, the main reason for
environmental heating due to the greenhouse effect.
The functioning principle of a solar heating system can be described simply.
The solar vacuum collector with CPC reflector captures solar radiation and heats up. The heat gathered is transferred by
heat exchage to a water tank, which acts as a storage tank. The amount of solar energy that the collector can transfer to
the tank depends on its capacity to absorb solar radiation and on the level of insulation, which reduces the loss of energy
captured by the collector.
The creation of the vacuum by removing the air from the gap in the glass tube achieves a layer of the best heat insulating
material existing in nature. The principle has been known about for a century and is appreciated in the form of the
thermos.
Using this arrangement, the collectors optimise the use of solar energy also during the change of seasons and during the
winter.
ADVANTAGES OF CPC DIFFUSION VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
- High temperatures and yields even in unfavourable atmospheric conditions, e.g. with low external temperatures.
- High absorption even with diagonal light thanks to the circular shape of the absorbing device.
- Top quality and high efficiency solar vacuum tube, of our own production and with high level of forced vacuum.
- Duration through time: no delicate glass-metal couplings that degenerate the level of vacuum in the glass pipe through
time.
- Duration through time: high resistance and duration of the selective capturing layer also thanks to the protection of the
vacuum.
- Loss of load contained thanks to the circulation of the flow in parallel in the circuit with "U"-shaped pipes.
- Maximum yield with less requirement for surfaces (half of the absorbant surfaces are normally necessary with respect
to a traditional absorbing panel).
- Treated spacial aluminium concentrator reflector, with double CPC paraboloidal section (Compound Parabolic
Concentrator) with optimised optics for the solar collector, to convey the sun’s non-incident rays onto the vacuum tube.
- High efficiency all year round.
- Low assembly costs: collector already assembled and easy to fix.
- Easy and immediate tube replacement with the EASY CHANGE system.
- Excellent heat insulation performance of the heat-carrying circuit also at low temperatures.
- Modern and elegant design.
Introduction
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Vacuum area
Multy-layer metal “CERMET” layer
Vacuum tube with double wall
Aluminium absorbing device
Copper pipe
THE VACUUM TUBE
AN OLD PRINCIPLE APPLIED TO AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY
The creation of the vacuum by removing the air from the gap in the glass tube achieves the best heat insulating material
possible. The principle has been known about for a century and is appreciated in the form of the thermos.
Using this arrangement, the collectors optimise the use of solar energy also during the change of seasons and during the
winter.
The internal surface of the vacuum gap is made selective to the absorption of the solar radiation by means of the laying,
by sputtering, of multiple metal layers with a micro-metric thickness, which is called CERMET and which cover the
absorption of the entire spectrum of electro-magnetic radiation of the sun.
The selective layer is designed especially to resist the high temperatures that are generated, through time. The presence
of the vacuum ensures the protection against infiltrations of humidity and atmospheric agents, thus guaranteeing unlimi-
ted duration and the maintenance of the capturing perfomance.
TRANSMISSION OF HEAT TO THE HEAT-CARRYING FLUID
The exchange of the heat collected takes place by a relevant absorbing device in aluminium, which on contact with a “U”
-shaped copper pipe transfers the heat to a heat-carrying fluid present in the solar collector circuit.
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WHY CHOOSE KLOBEN
The research carried out to increase the yield of the Kloben solar collectors have allowed to discover efficient and
innovative solutions to make the best of the sun and its diffused light. For this reason particular direct and diffused light
capturers, with CPC, Compound Parabolic Concentrator, geometry have been studied and realised using materials able to
supply optimal yields in total reflection (> 90%) and in reflection with diffused light.
The combination of vacuum tube technology and CPC reflectors applied to the solar collectors, guarantee the best yields,
most of all in situations of little radiation and low external temperatures. The advantage of the Kloben system therefore
has an immediate effect also at an economical level.
Efficiency curve with radiation at 800 W and average temperature inside heat-carrying fluid of 50°C of the Kloben SKY
CPC 58 DIFFISION model (Test Report no. 07COL623/1 (according to EN 12975-2:2006), ITW Institute, Stuttgart - Solar
Keymark certification).
Efficiency curve with radiation at 800 W and average temperature inside heat-carrying fluid of 50°C of a Solar Keymark
certified flat solar panel (data from Solar Keymark Database - Estif site, (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation))
From the comparison it was seen that for an average T of heat-carrying fluid of 50°C, the Kloben SKY CPC 58 Diffusion
vacuum collector has greater efficiency that the flat collector, up to 35°C of environment T. The difference in efficiency
increases even more on the decrease of the external temperature.
Yiled µ%
Environment temperature [°C]
Summer Winter
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Solar collectors technical data
MODEL SKY 8 CPC 58 SKY 12 CPC 58 SKY 18 CPC 58 SKY 21 CPC 58
AMOUNT OF VACUUM TUBES (pc): 8 12 18 21
GROSS SURFACES (m2): 1.48 2.16 3.22 3.75
NET SURFACES (m2): 1.27 1.89 2.84 3.31
EMPTY WEIGHT (kg): 29 43 65 76
DIMENSIONS (mm)
Height: 1603 1603 1603 1603
Width: 920 1358 2018 2348
Thickness: 140 140 140 140
FEATURES
Circuit of the solar collector with “U”-shaped copper pipes with circulation in parallel
Maximum working pressure: 6.0 bar
Load loss:
Optimal flow rate: 1 l/min per m2
Maximum working inclination: 90°
Minimum working inclination: 0°
Attachments: to tighten using soinner DN 18 mm
*Test Report no. 07COL623/1 (according to EN 12975-2:2006), ITW, Universität Stuttgart - SOLAR KEYMARK, Reg. no. 011-7S124R
SKY 8
SKY 12
SKY 18
SKY 21
Yield (square interpoling)*:
η0= 0.718%
a1= 0.974 [W·m-2·K-1]
a2= 0.005 [W·m-2·K-2]
(Taverage fluid - Tenvironmental) [K]
Volumetric flow rate [l/min]
Yiled µ%
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Dimensioning
Kloben makes use of a complex software that allows quick, precise and customised calculation of the enrgy requirements
requested, the number of panels necessary and the solar integration supplied, in relation to the destination of use of the
solar system, the details of the structure on which it is to be applied and the climatic data referring to the area of
installation.
For the dimensioning of all components, it is recommended to contact Kloben-authorised staff. However, it is possible to
perform approximate dimensioning of the components necessary for small solar systems (systems up to max 10 m2of solar
collector surface, optimal exposure of collectors max 20° from South and inclination at 45°, average daily consumption
per person of about 60 litres at 45°C), using the data shown below:
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONING OF SOLAR PANELS
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONING OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Expansion vessel: An approximate measurement consists in considering 6 l for every m2of solar surface installed.
For more accurate dimensioning refer to the solar calculation software of the vessel
available in the Kloben Intranet area.
Anti-freeze liquid: add the following parameters (A + B + C + D)
A. 1/2 of the capcity of the expansion vessel installed
B. 10 l for every 40 m of line (20 delivery + 20 return)
C. 1.17 l for every SKY 8 CPC 58
1.74 l for every SKY 12 CPC 58
2.60 l for every SKY 18 CPC 58
3.07 l for every SKY 21 CPC 58
D. about 15 l for storage from 300 to 500 l
about 20 l for storage from 500 to 750 l
about 30 l for storage from 750 to 1000 l
Solar Station: LOW FLOW for the management of systems with flow rate from 2 to 16 l/min
BIG FLOW for the management of systems with flow rate from 10 to 80 l/min
For more accurate dimensioning refer to the solar calculation software available in the Kloben
Intranet area.
Flow rate adjuster: 1 l/min for every m2of solar surface installed.
NORTH CENTRAL SOUTH
ITALY ITALY ITALY
Water at 45°C produced
per m2of solar surface (litres) 80 90 100
Heatable radiant surface
(laying distance 10 cm) from 10 to 15 m2from 12 to 16 m2from 14 to 18 m2
for every m2of solar
Relation between solar and swimming pool sup.
(for summer use - ca. 35% ca. 30% ca. 25%
water 26°C - night cover use)
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Checks and parameters indispensable for dimensioning
In order to start with a correct design, aimed at the realisation of the solar system that is the most suitable for maximising
the benefits of the final customer, some important preliminary checks must be carried out and indispensable data must be
gathered for correct dimensioning:
PROJECT LOCALITY:
The locality where the system is to be installed supplies precious indications for dimensioning, such as: average monthly
radiation, average monthly external temperature, mains water average monthly temperature, average relative humidity
temperature, average monthly wind speed.
METHOD OF CONSUMPTION AND PERIOD OF USE OF THE SYSTEM:
Consider the daily requirement of the family; an approximate consumption of hot water at 45°C variable from 50 to 70
l/day per person. Identify any simultaneous requests for the use of domestic hot water. Check the period of use of the
system (seasonal or months of use).
TYPE OF SYSTEM USE:
heating domestic hot water: identify the consumption and temperature of the water requested and the capacity
of the existing storage tank. For maximum dimensionimg of the capacity of the storage tank to be envisioned, it
is possible to refer to about the double of the daily consumption envisioned for the family or inhabitants.
heating non-domestic hot water: hotel, gym etc.-indicating that stated previously regarding the methods of
consumption and periods of use. For this type of system, therefore, an ad hoc design by designers or Kloben tech
nical staff is always necessary.
room heating: only radiating - identify surfaces to be heated, space between tubes and type of insulation.
swimming pool: specifies if covered or outdoor, any night cover use, requested temperature, period of use.
FEATURES OF THE INSTALLATION STRUCTURE:
The surfaces that house the field of solar collectors are an important restriction of the design, which must be considered
as the positioning of the solar collector affects the capturing efficiency of the sun’s radiation. The checks to be carried out
are: possibility of assembly on flat or sloped roof, availability of roof pitch with orientation towards the south or
alternatively with orientation towards east or west, inclination of the pitch, presence of obstacles, etc.
From the existing Standard, UNI 9182, the data inherent to flow rates and requirement of domestic hot water according
to the activity in question and the single appliances, are gathered.
The dimensioning indications stated above refer to maximum dimensioning and are relative to homes with the standard
consumtion of an average family. However, for the correct dimensioning of all parts of the system, it is necessary to
consider the preliminary checks indicated along with all of the details of use of the final user to then proceed with the
definition of the energy requested, the modes of distribution (flow rates, temperatures, period of request) and
successively with the correct dimensioning of all system components on the basis of powers and exchange yields of the
various components: solar surface, solar heat exchanges, storage, etc.
For this reason and for accurate dimensioning refer to Kloben specialised technical staff.
N.B. IF THE SOLAR INSTALLATION IS INTRODUCED ONTO SYSTEMS THAT ALREADY
FUNCTION, IT IS INDISPENSABLE TO HAVE THE DETAILED LAYOUT OF THE EXISTING
HEATING STATION, WITHOUT WHICH IT WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE TO SUPPLY ANY
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE.
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Example of connection of the collectors in series
ATTENTION: do not connect more than n° 4 collectors in series
Probe S1
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