Kumu Networks Self Backhaul UE Relay User manual

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
Self Backhaul UE Relay
User Guide

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
Table of Contents
1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Architecture & Theory of Operation..................................................................................................... 4
2.1 System Fit...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Product Architecture..................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 eNB Interoperability...................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Physical Connectivity to Small Cell........................................................................................ 7
2.4 Connectivity to Core Network....................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Connectivity to Management ....................................................................................................... 8
2.5.1 Keep alive.............................................................................................................................. 8
2.5.2 Physical Ethernet Connectivity ............................................................................................. 9
2.6 UE Characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.6.1 Transmitter requirements..................................................................................................... 9
2.6.2 SIM Card................................................................................................................................ 9
2.6.3 SIM Card PIN (CPIN) .............................................................................................................. 9
2.6.4 APN Configuration................................................................................................................. 9
2.6.5 RF Channel Configuration ..................................................................................................... 9
2.6.6 Physical Cell ID (PCI).............................................................................................................. 9
3 Electrical HW Architecture & Functionality ........................................................................................10
3.1 Access Front End ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Unduplexer.......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.2 Duplexer.............................................................................................................................. 10
3.1.3 Cancellation Module –Uplink............................................................................................. 10
3.2 Relay Backhaul ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.2.1 UE ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2.2 Motherboard....................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.3 Switch..................................................................................................................................10
3.2.4 Cancellation Module –Downlink ........................................................................................10
3.2.5 Backhaul Duplexer Module................................................................................................. 10
4 Software Architecture & Functionality ............................................................................................... 10

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
5 Testing.................................................................................................................................................11
6 Electrical / Mechanical / Environmental............................................................................................. 11
6.1 General Requirements ................................................................................................................ 11
6.2 Electrical Interfaces..................................................................................................................... 12
6.2.1 Ethernet Interfaces ............................................................................................................. 12
6.2.2 Power Interface................................................................................................................... 12
6.2.3 Access RF Interface (Antenna + eNB).................................................................................. 12
6.2.4 Backhaul RF Interface (Antenna + UE) ................................................................................ 12
6.2.5 SIM Card.............................................................................................................................. 13
6.2.6 LEDs.....................................................................................................................................13
7 Regulatory Information.......................................................................................................................14

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
1Overview
The document describes the product requirements for a Full Duplex UE Relay based on Kumu Networks’
cancellation module. The product is designed to be paired with an external eNB, and backhaul the eNB
data to the nearest macro base station using the same access frequencies used by the eNB (and the
macro network).
This document focuses on the system requirements rather than the cancellation requirements.
2Architecture & Theory of Operation
2.1 System Fit
The Relay is an LTE self-backhaul product that uses the existing cellular bands to provide the backhaul
connection. This approach allows the use of the existing base stations without requiring additional
backhaul equipment at the site. Below is a diagram of a self-backhaul node. In this configuration the
Relay doesn’t look any different to the macrocell than a smartphone.
Figure 1 Relay network usage

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
2.2 Product Architecture
Conceptually an LTE self-backhaul Relay is an eNodeB with its Ethernet connection connected to a well
provisioned cellphone that talks to a base station. In the case of the Kumu Relay product the EnodeB is
external vendor equipment.
Figure 2 Relay data path block diagram
Additionally, the Kumu self-cancellation modules (indicated by the blocks UL and DL in the above figure)
allow the Relay to operate in full duplex approaching close to 2x the spectral efficiency of competitor’s
products. The self-cancellation is used to cancel the leakage of a given ports transmit signal into the
other ports receiver.
The CPU acts as a USB to Ethernet bridge as well as providing configuration, control and monitoring of
the unit. The EPC termination is provided by the EPC attached to the base station where the Ethernet
link from the attached eNode is encapsulated and forwarded via the internal UE air interface.
The control plane architecture is shown below where the physical layer connection is Ethernet for the
cancellation module UL and DL and external debug port and USB to the UE module inside the Relay.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
Figure 3 Relay control plane block diagram
To summarize, the UE Relay connects to the eNB via Ethernet port, for data transport, and via the
antenna port, to enable self-interface cancellation for full-duplex operation. The UE Relay provides
backhaul connectivity for the eNB in the form of LTE that transports the data through the operator
commercial wireless network. Otherwise, only power is required for operation.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
2.3 eNB Interoperability
The Full-Duplex UE Relay is designed to operate with any off-the-shelf eNB that meets the following
criteria:
Technology
FDD LTE
Tx Power
2 x 5W (alpha) or 2 x 10W (beta)
Bandwidth
Single channel up to 20MHz
MIMO
2 x 2
Bands
B2 (PCS - North America)
B3 (1800MHz - International)
Each band represents a separate SKU. Multi-band solution would be introduced in the future.
2.3.1 Physical Connectivity to Small Cell
The UE Relay connects to the eNB both via the data port and the RF ports:
Data
RJ-45
Ant0
N-Type
Ant1
N-Type
2.4 Connectivity to Core Network
While the UE Relay provides backhaul to the Gi, it is the responsibility of the eNB to establish a secure
connection to a Security Gateway (Sec-GW) of the operator, from which it would be further connected
to the EPC.
The UE Relay attempts to be as transparent as possible for the small cell and the EPC. However, the UE
Relay is not completely transparent in the fact that it performs Network Address Translation (NAT). The
UE Relay performs NAT between the local subnet connecting it to the small cell and the IP address
provided by the LTE operator to the UE Relay. To traverse the NAT function, the eNB is expected to
support NAT-T or encapsulate IPsec traffic in UDP header.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
2.5 Connectivity to Management
There are two options for connectivity of management/monitoring for the Kumu relay backhaul:
1) Provide out of band backhaul. The secondary Ethernet connection provides this functionality
when connected to a microwave or other similar link
2) Use the in-band backhaul over the UE connection. In the current relay implementation, the UE
supports a single APN.
As a result, the Kumu monitoring/management server must either:
1) Be able to reach the same protected subnet that the backhaul APN and ePC Security Gateway
external interface are a part of
2) Be deployed into the operator network.
2.5.1 Keep alive
To UE Relay periodically PINGs the network to test connectivity in an attempt to quickly discover failures
and take the necessary actions to restore normal operation. The following parameters are configurable
for this feature:
-Destination IP address (typically the address of the Security Gateway)

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
2.5.2 Physical Ethernet Connectivity
The UE Relay exposes two Ethernet ports –one for local configuration/bring-up and the other for
connectivity to the small cell. Each interface is pre-allocated an IP address that can be reprogrammed
through the management interface.
2.6 UE Characteristics
The UE transmits at a maximum of 24dBm per 3GPP specifications, power controlled by the macro base
station.
UE chip and stack vendor
Qualcomm MDM 9225
UE Category
Cat-4
Tx Power
1 x 24dBm at the UE module
Bandwidth
5, 10, 15, 20MHz
MIMO
1 x 2
Full-Duplex Bands
B2 (PCS - North America)
B3 (1800MHz - International)
Each band represents a single
SKU. Multi-bands SKUs may be
available in the future.
UE IP addresses are automatically assigned by the network. The UE is using IPv4 addresses for routing.
2.6.1 Transmitter requirements
Max power, Min power, ACLR,
2.6.2 SIM Card
The UE Relay uses 2FF (standard) SIM Card that can be inserted without opening the enclosure, through
a slot with weather-protected door. It is recommended that the operator uses high-priority SIM card for
this application.
2.6.3 SIM Card PIN (CPIN)
Through the management system, a CPIN can be configured to offer further network protection in case
the SIM card is jeopardized.
2.6.4 APN Configuration
The UE Relay supports a single APN and can be configured via the GUI
2.6.5 RF Channel Configuration
Each UE Relay is designed to operate in a full-duplex mode in a single band (2, 3, 4, or 7). Within each
band, an administrator needs to configure the specific channel of operation in the form of:
-EARFCN (Center Frequency)
2.6.6 Physical Cell ID (PCI)
The UE Relay allows an administrator to view the PCI the UE is connected to (if the UE is actually
connected to the network). The administrator may reconfigure a different PCI to which the UE should
connect. The administrator may also opt to “lock” the PCI to a specific desired physical cell.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
3Electrical HW Architecture & Functionality
External interfaces covered in the “electrical/mechanical/environmental” section below.
3.1 Access Front End
3.1.1 Unduplexer
Band
Manufacturer
Part Number
2
MCV-Microwave
DDCC1880‐1960‐60A2
3
MCV-Microwave
DDCC1747‐1842‐75A2
3.1.2 Duplexer
Band
Manufacturer
Part Number
2
MCV-Microwave
DDCC1880‐1960‐60B1
3
MCV-Microwave
DDCC1747‐1842‐75C1
3.1.3 Cancellation Module –Uplink
Consult relevant Band 2-3 Uplink Cancelation Module spec
3.2 Relay Backhaul
3.2.1 UE
3.2.2 Motherboard
Kumu PN
Description
820-000009 rev A
PC, Intel NUC NUC5i5RYK, USB3, 8GB DDR3 CT2KIT51264BF160B
820-000010 rev A
Module, 8GB Kit (4GBx2) DDR3L 1600 MT/s (PC3L-12800) SODIMM 204-Pin
820-000026 rev 1
Preprogrammed SSD with current Relay Gen5B baseline image
3.2.3 Switch
Kumu PN
Description
820-000008 rev A
Advantech Corp 5PORT GBE LITE MANAGE EKI-5725I-AE
3.2.4 Cancellation Module –Downlink
Consult relevant Kumu Band 2-3 Downlink Cancelation Module spec
3.2.5 Backhaul Duplexer Module
Consult relevant Kumu Band 2-3 Backhaul Duplexer spec
4Software Architecture & Functionality

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
5Testing
6Electrical / Mechanical / Environmental
A functional block diagram of the relay is shown below for reference.
6.1 General Requirements
Power consumption
<150W
Physical size
10.25” x 20” x 5.25”
Weight
<13Kg
Operating Temperature
-20cto 45c
Storage Temperature
-40cto 85c
Altitude
Operating: 13,000 feet Non-Operating: 50,000
feet
Mounting
Pole or wall mounted
Environment
Outdoor, urban environment, with vehicles
moving at 50Km/H 5 meters away
ETSI EN 300 019-2-4?
Ingress Protection
IP65
Safety
UL 60950-1
Hazardous materials
RoHS
Certifications
FCC Part 15 (US) and CE (Europe)
FCC Part 24/27.
MTBF
Shock
IEC68-2-27
Vibration
IEC68-2-6 / IEC721-3-2

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
6.2 Electrical Interfaces
6.2.1 Ethernet Interfaces
The relay backhaul system provides two Ethernet interfaces. One is provided for the data connection to
the external eNB. The second provides out of band management functionalities.
Connector
2xRJ45
Ethernet Standards
IP rating
Compliant with overall system requirement
Cable type
Cat6
6.2.2 Power Interface
The relay accepts 110/220V standard inputs.
Power consumption
<150W
Input Range
90 - 264 Vac (Operating) 115/230 Vac (Nominal)
Input frequency
47 - 63 Hz
Input Current max
3.4 A @ 90 Vac full load
Inrush current
50 A
Protection
Transient protection and Hi Pot, Fuse
Connector
Phoenix 1521410 SACC-E-MINMS-3CON-PG13/0.5
IP rating
Compliant with overall system requirement
6.2.3 Access RF Interface (Antenna + eNB)
The access-side (eNB) interface provides the full-duplex front end functionality between the eNB and
the antenna. There are four connections, two to the eNB and two to the antenna. They are: eNB 0/1
(from the eNB), and ANT0/1 (to the antennas).
The product is not shipped with an integrated eNB.
Specification
Description
Number of connectors
2 in (eNB), 2 out (ANT)
Connector Style
N-type
Impedance
50 ohm
IP rating
Compliant with overall system requirement
Output RF Max Power
37 dBm
Ergonomic
1.5 center to center min (allow for gloved
hands)
6.2.4 Backhaul RF Interface (Antenna + UE)
The backhaul interface provides the full-duplex front end functionality between the UE and the antenna.
There are two connectors as the UE is 1T2R.
Specification
Description

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
Number of connectors
2
Connector Style
N-type
Impedance
50 ohm
Reflection (input)
IP rating
Compliant with overall system requirement
Max cable length
Ergonomic
1.5 center to center (allow for gloved hands)
UE 3GPP Release
Rel 8
UE DL Category
UE UL Category
UE Power Class
3
UE Channel Bandwidth:
5/10/15/20 MHz
UE Spectrum:
Band 2, Band 3 (separate SKU)
UE Duplexing:
FDD and TDD
UE Category:
6
UE Downlink MIMO:
1x2 MIMO
UE Uplink MIMO:
SISO only
UE Transmission Modes:
TM 3/4/9
UE Modulation:
DL: QPSK / 16QAM / 64 QAM
UL: QPSK / 16QAM
UE DL Carrier Aggregation:
N/A
UE UL Carrier Aggregation:
N/A
UE Peak Thru-put:
DL = TBD Mbit/s, UL = TBD Mbit/s
6.2.5 SIM Card
The SIM card is 4FF size and is accessible via a weatherproofed door on the side of the relay. Captive
screws affix the door to the enclosure with an attached chain to prevent loss of the door during service.
6.2.6 LEDs
On the weatherproof door, there are two LEDs: one green and one red. The green LED will be used for
indicating that the relay has power. The red will be used to indicate a fault condition.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
7Regulatory Information
The Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay (Relay) transmits wireless signals and should only be used
as instructed. Failure to use as instructed could expose the user to higher levels of radio
emissions.
Product Support: For Technical Support or for help not available in this manual, visit the website
at www.kumunetworks.com.
FCC Notice (United States):
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial installation. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm
between the radiator & your body.

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
CE Notice (European Notice)
The Conformité Européne symbol found on this product indicates compliance to the EMC
Directive of the European Union.
Kumu Networks Inc. hereby declares that this wireless device is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of the Radio Equipment Directive. A copy of the EU
Declaration of Conformity is available at www.kumunetworks.com/euro/compliance.
Kumu’s EU representative is Juergen Aurand, [e-mail]
European Union—Disposal Information
The symbol above means that according to local laws and regulations your product and/or its
battery shall be disposed of separately from household waste. When this product reaches its
end of life, take it to a collection point designated by local authorities. The separate collection
and recycling of your product and/or its battery at the time of disposal will help conserve natural
resources and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the
environment.
Pursuant to Article 12 of RED, the model number, KU5B01LTE03-EU is compliant for E-UTRA
Band 3, 1710 –1785 MHz UL, 1805 –1880 MHz DL on a 100 KHz raster. The output power is
limited to 23 dBm +/- 2 dB tolerance.
The unit is designed for indoor or outdoor use with external antennas and EnodeB microcell
provided by the service provider. For installation and safety instructions consult the Kumu
Networks Self-Backhaul UE Relay Installation Guide.
The exact list of member states the product will be sold is TBD. There are no restrictions
concerning this product.
The following manufacturer’s address label will be included in the shipping container:

Kumu Self Backhaul UE Relay User Guide v1.1
Kumu Networks, 960 Hamlin Ct, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, www.kumunetworks.com
Kumu Networks Inc.
960 Hamlin Court
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
USA